初中英语语法——易混动词用法辨析.docx
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1、初中英语语法易混动词用法辨析1.agree with,agree to和agree on*agree with.指“同意某人或某人的意见、观点、决定、想法、安排、解释”等,其后可以是一个名词,也可以是what引起的从句。如:I dont agree with you.I dont agree with what you said.*agree to.是指“同意某计划、建议、或建议”等;后跟动词原形,意为“同意干某事”。如:Who else will agree to this suggestion besides him?We agreed to start early.*agree on.指
2、在某方面取得一致的看法或意见。如:We agree on leaving for Beijing the next day.2.answer和reply*answer是常用词,可指口头、笔头,甚至行动回答,有时可与reply通用。如:Who can answer the question?Please answer the telephone.*reply较answer正式,既可指用语言、书面作答,也可指用动作或手势作答,常用于正式场合或书面语中,指经过慎重考虑作出的答复。如:I sent in my application,and the school replied immediately
3、.I dont know what to reply.注意:在表示回答问题时,answer后直接跟question;reply后要加介词to。试比较:answer the question回答问题;reply to the question回答问题。3.apologize to和apologize for*apologize to sb.相当于say sorry to sb. 表示“向某人道歉”。如:You should apologize to the old man.*apologize for sb.意为“替某人道歉或认错”。如:Johnny ,I want to apologize f
4、or us all.注意:apologize to后通常只接表示人的名词或代词,apologize for后除可接表示人代名词或代词外,还可接表示事物的名词。apologize for sth. 意为“因.而道歉”。如:I must apologize for the untidy state of the room.I must apologize for calling you so late.4.argue about和 argue with*argue about指“为某事而争论、争吵”。如:Dont argue about the matter any more.*argue wit
5、h指“为某人争吵、争论或吵架”。如:The two brothers often argue with each other. 注意:表示“因某事与某人争吵”或“与某人辩论某事”为argue with sb. about sth.或argue against sb. on sth.。如:They argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.5.arrive,reach和get to*arrive是不及物动词,其后不能直接跟表示地点的名词,与at或in连用后可以跟表示地点的名词;表示使用某种交通工具到达时常用arrive。如:Has th
6、e train arrived?They arrived at the village on a rainy night.注意:arrive at指到达较小的地方,如车站、机场、码头、学校、工厂、商店等。如:It was dark when I arrived at the airport.arrive in指到达较大的地方,如村庄、城镇、地区、国家等。如:When did you arrive in Beijing yesterday?*reach是及物动词,正式用语,其后直接跟表示地点的名词。如:He reached Japan on October the second 2019.*ge
7、t to是短语动词,相当于及物动词,在口语中用用的多,使用的范围也很广,不管是步行还是乘车、乘船、乘飞机等到达目的地或中途暂停都可以用。如:Can you tell me how I can get to the airport?注意:当arrive,get to后跟副词home,here,there时,arrive后不再用at或in,get后不再用to。如:When the train arrived here,it was raining hard.When did you get home?6.be,become,get和turn*be表示“成为”时,多用于将来时、祈使句或不定式。如:I
8、 would like to be a bus-driver.My younger sister wants to be a movie star.*become多指身份、职位等的变化,强调变化的过程已经完成,后面可接名词或形容词。如:Later the boy became an artist.Her mother became angry when she heard the news.*get多用于口语,表示一种变化过程,强调的是“渐渐变得”,后常接形容词的比较级。如:Its getting darker and darker outside.In winter the days get
9、 shorter.*turn指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同,强调变化的结果。如:Leaves turned brown in the mountains.7.be about to和be going to*be about to意为“就要、即将干某事”,指最近的将来,表示动作马上就要发生。如:Dont leave now. We are about to have lunch.*be going to意为“即将、打算干某事”,表示对某事事先有准备、有计划或有打算,也可表示预计要发生或不可避免要发生的事。如:Look,its cloudy. Its going to rain.注意:be
10、about to本身已清楚地表示出即将到来的短暂时刻,故句子中不能与at once,immediately及表示具体的将来的时间连用。如:Im about to go.(不能说成:Im about to go at once.或Im about to go tomorrow.)8.be angry about,be angry at和be angry with*be angry about指对某事生气,其后跟表示某事的名词或代词。如:He was angry about the noises in the next room.*be angry at指对某人的言行生气。如:He was ang
11、ry at her answer.*be angry with指对某人生气,其后跟表示人的名词或代词。如:She is angry with me.9.beat和win*beat后接表示人及人的群体名词或代词作宾语,常用于游戏或比赛中战胜某人或打败某人。如:Our class beat Class One in the table tennis match yesterday.*win后接表示事物的名词或代词作宾语,在句子中通常与game,match,prize等词搭配,表示在某项活动或比赛中获胜。如:Who won the game?She won the first place in th
12、e competition.【一言辨异】Yesterday I beat my classmate at chess. He won only one set,while I won two sets.昨天下棋我赢了我同学。他只赢了一盘,而我赢了两盘。10.believe和believe in*believe指相信某人或某人说的话。强调人或事的诚实和真实性。如:Dont you believe me?I dont believe until I see it with my own eyes.*believe in指信赖或信任某人的人格、力量等;也指信奉某宗教、神等。如:We believe
13、in him,for he is always careful with everything.11.be made of和be made from*be made of指从所制成的物品中能看到原材料,即原材料只发生了物理变化。如:Our desks and chairs are all made of wood.*be made from指从所制成的物品中看不出原材料,或者说是原材料发生了化学变化。如:Some paper is made from wood.注意:有时,在制成品中很难断定能否看出原材料,这时be made后用of或from皆可。如:Bread is made of/from
14、 flour.12.be out,go out和turn off*be out表示“熄灭、灭”时,指灯、火等熄灭的状态,句子的主语通常是表示灯或火的名词而不是人。如:The forest fires were out at last because of two days heavy rain.*go out表示“熄灭、灭”时,侧重于灯或者火熄灭的动作,句子的主语是表示灯或者火的名词而不是人。如:The lights went out the oclock last night. *turn off 表示“熄灭、灭”时,是指某人把灯或火熄灭的动作,句子的主语是人而不是表示灯或火的词。如:Ple
15、ase turn off the light before you leave the room. 离开房间前请关上灯。注意:be out ,go out 表示自身的动作,即当主语是灯、火、灯火一类的词时,用be out或go out;当主语是人时,则用turn off。如:The fire one the hill was out yesterday. 山上的大火昨天就熄灭了。Will you please turn off the TV? 请关上电视好吗?【一言辨异】The light went out suddenly.Do you know who turned it off ?点灯突
16、然熄灭了,你知道是谁关的吗?13.be pleased at ,be pleased with 和be pleased to *be pleased at 指“因高兴”,其后常常跟动名词。如:We are pleased at hearing of your success. 听说你获得成功,我们都感到高兴。*be pleased with 指“对感到高兴;对感到满意”,其后的宾语可以是物,也可以是人。如:The boss was pleased with Johns work . 老板对约翰的工作是满意的。They were very pleased with the boy . 他们对那个
17、男孩很满意。*be pleased to 指“高兴做;乐意做;因做而感到高兴”,其后要用动词原形,如:I am very pleased to help you .我非常乐意帮助你。注意:be pleased at 与 be pleased with 有时候可以互换使用,这时其后只能接名词,如:He is pleased with (at) the bike . 那辆自行车他很满意。14. be proud for和be proud of *be proud for 指“为感到骄傲、自豪”,强调主语设身处地地为他人取得的成就而感到自豪。如:You have four books publish
18、ed so far ,I am proud for you .到目前为止,你已经出版四本书了,我为你感到自豪。*be proud of 指“因感到骄傲、自豪”,一般指自己有了某人、某物、某成就而感到骄傲或自豪。如:He is proud of his daughters ability to speak four languages . 他为女儿能说四种语言而骄傲。15.be strict in 和 be strict with*be strict in 指在某一方面或某事上对自己要求严格,in 后接表示某事的名词,如:We all must be strict in our study. 我
19、们必须在学习上严格要求自己。*be strict with 指对某人严格要求,with 后接表示人的名词,如:Our teacher is very strict with all of us .我们老师对我们大家要求很严格。注意: be strict 后跟反身词表示对某人自己严格要求用with ,不能用 in。如:We should be strict with ourselves in our study at school, 在学校我们应当在学习上严格要求自己。16.be used to 和get used to *be used to 指已经习惯于某一客观事实或状态,并不强调动作。如:
20、He is be used to the weather here . 他已经习惯于这里的天气。*get used to 指的是从不习惯到习惯的这样一个过程的转变,强调动作,还往往包含克服困难去适应的意思。如:In the end he got used to the weather here . 最后他终于习惯于这里的天气了。注意:be used to 和get used to 后跟动词是要用动名词形式。如:They are used to getting up early in the morning . 他们已习惯于早上早起床了。17.be used to 和used to *be us
21、ed to 表示“已经习惯于干某事”,指某动作过去不常做而现在已经习惯做了,强调目前的情况。 to 后接名词或动名词。如:The teacher is used to going to bed late in the evening .老师已经习惯于晚上晚睡觉。*used to 表示“过去常常干某事”,指过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,现在已不再那样,侧重与现在的比较; to 后用动词原形。如: The woman used to help the others in troubles . 那妇女过去常常帮助有困难的人。 He used to play basketball after scho
22、ol . 他过去放学后常常打篮球。注意: used to do 表示“过去常常干”;used to be 表示“过去常常是”。如: The old man used to be a great airplane driver, 那位老人过去是一位出色的飞机驾驶员。The young pioneers used to help the old carry water after school , 那些少先队员过去常常在放学后帮老人打水。be used to do 表示“被用来做”,其后的不定式作主语补足语。如:Computers are used to help people do many t
23、hings . 电脑被用来帮助人们做很多事情。18.borrow ,lend和keep*borrow 指从主语的角度“借进、借人”,表示“从(向)借,自己暂时使用”,常与 from 连用,构成borrow sth .from sb .句型。如:You can borrow this dictionary from the library . 你可以从图书馆借那本字典。*lend指“把借给”,表示将自己的东西借给别人,常与 to 连用,构成lend sth. To sb. 句型。如; I have lent my bike to Xiao Li 。我把自行车借给小李了。*keep指借阅或保留多长
24、时间,常与 how long ,for 引起的时间连用。如:How long may I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多长时间?【一言辨异】I have an MP3 here ,you can borrow it and keep it for two weeks , but you mustnt lend it to others . 我这儿有一款MP3 ,你可以借去用,而且可以借两周,但是你不能把它借给别人。19.bring,take ,carry,fetch和get*bring 指从别处把东西或人带来、哪来。如: He brought a new book with h
25、im . 他带来一本新书。*take 指把东西带走或拿走。如:Please take the letter to the post office . 请把这封信带到邮局去。*carry指带较重的东西,不强调动作的方向性。如;Let me carry the box for you . 让我替你拿这个箱子吧。*fetch 指到别处去把某人或某物带来或拿来,有去回双程的意味。如:Please fetch some chalk for me . 请去给我拿些粉笔来。*get是常用词,多用于口语,与 fetch 同义。如:Go and get some water .去打些水来。20.buy ,aff
26、ord 和 get*buy 指花钱购买,侧重于购买的行为。如:I bought a bike last week .上周我买了一辆自行车。*afford 指有足够的钱买某物,侧重于购买者的经济能力。如:I was not able to afford a new car . 我买不起新车。*get 指买到某物,侧重于购买的结果。如:She got two tickets for todays train . 她买了两张今天的火车票。注意: buy 是短暂动作的动词,在现在完成时状态中不能与 how long 及 for 引起的一段时间连用。在表示某物买了多长时间时要用have 代替buy. 如
27、:I have had the dictionary for two years . 这本字典我买了两线了。How long have you had your bike ? 你的自行车买了多长时间了? cant afford to buy sth. 意为“买不起”;cant afford to waste sth. 意为“浪费不起”。21.catch a cold 和 have a cold *catch a cold 表示“感冒”,强调动作,但不能延续。如:我们可以说 He caught a cold .他感冒了。但不可以说 He has caught a cold for two day
28、s . 他感冒两天了。 *have a cold 表示“感冒”强调状态,可以延续,有时可以与catch a cold 通用。如:The boy often has /catches a cold . 那男孩经常感冒,He has had a cold for three days . 他已经感冒三天了。注意: catch a cold 中的冠词 a 可以省略,而 have a cold 中的冠词a 不可以省略。如:正:Be careful not to catch cold . 当心别感冒。误:Be careful not to have cold . 当心别感冒。cold 前面若有形容词修饰
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