北京市朝阳区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷.docx

1、北京市朝阳区 20212022 学年度第一学期期末质量检测高三英语试卷 2022. 1(考试时间90分钟满分100分)本试卷共 10 页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答, 在试卷上作答无效。第一部分 知识运用（共两节, 30 分）第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1. 5 分, 共 15 分）阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。17-year-old Norwood was driving three friends home in St. Petersburg, Florida, on February 20. As

2、they reached a crossroads, a black car 1 them. Their car sailed into someones yard and crashed into a tree. As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, “Its about to blow up! Get out!” The 2 had caved in Norwoods drivers side door, jamming it shut. 3 , but otherwise OK, she climbed out through

3、the window. Along with two of her friends, whod also managed to 4 themselves, Norwood ran for her life. But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasnt with them. Norwood ran 5 and found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious. She threw open the back door and pulled her

4、 friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best as she could. She 6 Simmons to safety and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse (脉搏), and put my head against her chest. No sign of life, ” Norwood told CNN, “Thats when I started CPR. Fortunately, I 7 my CPR certificate yesterday. ”She started p

5、umping Simmonss chest and breathing into her friends mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. No 8 . And then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness. The CPR had 9 !Soon, paramedics (急救人员) arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, w

6、here she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I wasnt 10 , ” Simmons said. “She will always help any way she can. ”1. A. stoppedB. hitC. guidedD. passed2. A. impactB. symbolC. weightD. gravity3. A. RelaxedB. ShakenC. AmazedD. Embarrassed4. A. freeB. defeatC. meetD. protect5. A. backB. arou

7、ndC. forwardD. outside6. A. pushedB. rolledC. droveD. dragged7. A. lostB. testedC. earnedD. provided8. A. troubleB. responseC. preparationD. exception9. A. begunB. finishedC. failedD. worked10. A. calmB. upsetC. surprisedD. nervous第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1. 5 分, 共 15 分）阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单

8、词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AWang Yaping, the Chinese female astronaut onboard Shenzhou 13, entered the Tiangong space station, 11_name means Heavenly Palace, on October 16. She is the first female astronaut 12_(visit) Chinas space station and carry out extravehicular activities. Born in

9、 Yantai, Wang became the second female astronaut in spaceflight. During this mission, Wang, as one of the crew 13_ (member), will stay in orbit for six months, setting a new record for Chinas manned space mission duration. BZhaobi, or screen walls, have a long and storied history. Zhaobi can be foun

10、d outside the entrance of buildings, and in their earliest form, they 14 _ (build) for only the highest members of society to show their social status ( 地 位 ) and protect privacy. It was believed 15 _ zhaobi would also act as the spiritual protection. Then they became an 16 _(importance) form of art

11、istic expression, representing good fortune appearing on the walls. Nowadays, zhaobi are still how they looked in the distant past. By evolving ( 演 变 ) their function, these walls 17 _ (witness) Chinas development, giving us a snapshot of life at a particular time in history. CA new study 18_(conduc

12、t) at the University of Kansas suggests that added sugars can cause some processes tied to depressive illness. The researchers found that inflammation (炎症) is the key effect of dietary sugar related to mental health. High sugar consumption could result in a perfect storm, negatively 19 _ (affect) th

13、e body and brain. “Many people 20 _ depression have high levels of systemic inflammation, which can directly push the brain into a severe depression. And added sugars stimulate this process, ” said Stephen Ilardi. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38 分）第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分, 共 28 分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项,

14、并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIn our hyper-connected world, information is being collected and shared every nanosecond. The problem is that your personal information might be used against you in the future in ways you cant imagine today. So what do you have to worry about, and what can you do to protect yourself?If

15、youre worried about your personal information getting lifted. . . Dont hand over your name, address, phone number, or email address unless the receiver really needs it. If pressed, you can always make something up. Opt a paper receipt or no receipt rather than getting one via text or email, which re

16、quires sharing your information and exposes you to possible data loss. If you prefer that your Internet searches stay private. . . Browse (浏览) with Firefox. Its privacy controls are stronger than other big-name browsers. Or use DuckDuckGo, and alternate service you can easily set as your default (默认

17、) search partner at duckduckgo. com. If youre worried about your phone acting as a tracker. . . Turn off Location Services for all apps except maps and others that specifically need to know where you are. You can do this in Settings, under Privacy and Location. If you want companies to stop trying t

18、o sell you things. . . Stop ads from tracking you by opting out of information collecting. The website simpleoptout. com is a good place to start. You can also add your phone number to the National Do Not Call Registry at 1-888-382-1222 or donotcall. gov. If youre worried about being tagged (标记) in

19、photos on social media. . . Tell friends you dont want to be tagged, and opt out of being automatically tagged in other peoples Facebook photos by going to Settings, then Face Recognition. Always keep in mind that Internet is not a private place and your privacy is not just about freedom from embarr

20、assment. Although you cant prevent all Internet spying, you can minimize some unwanted spying by taking these steps. 21. Which of the following will most possibly reveal your personal information?A. Looking for information with Firefox. B. Receiving a receipt through text messages. C. Switching off

21、Location Services in Settings. D. Giving your address to the receiver who needs it. 22. If you dont want to be disturbed by ads, you can_. A. avoid using simpleoptout. comB. refuse a call from 1-888-382-1222C. delete your history from DuckDuckGoD. register your phone number at donotcall. gov23. The

22、passage is intended to _. A. give adviceB. introduce websites C. show worriesD. explain social mediaBCards from ReeseWhen 9-year-old Reese Osterberg lost her home in Fresno County, California, in Creek Fire, one of the largest wildfires in state history early last fall, she had a very pressing conce

23、rn: did anyone grab her baseball cards?No one had. With a houseful of kids and dogs and a farms worth of horses to evacuate ( 疏 散 ), the family forgot the cards in a hurry to leave. Naturally, the faithful San Francisco Giants fan and Little League baseball player was upset. When she watched the Gia

24、nts on TV, she would lay out each players card on the floor in his corresponding field position. “I like baseball cards because they are pictures of people doing happy stuffdoing what they love, and what I love, ” says Reese. Reeses loss touched the hearts of the Fresno County fire department, which

25、 posted her story on its Facebook page. They put out a call for people to help Reese rebuild her baseball card collection. Among those to respond was Kevin Ashford of San Jose, who knew exactly where Reese could find replacement cards: in his garage. He had more than 25, 000 in his collection, which

26、 is worth about $50, 000. Ashford had been thinking about selling them when he saw the fire departments post. “I wasnt really doing anything with them, ” says Ashford. “I thought I could take care of this problem rather quickly. ”First responders transported the cards from Ashfords garage to the Fre

27、sno County fire department and then surprised Reese during a tour of the firehouse. Towers of Ashfords cards were put in front of the fire engine. After thanking Ashford, Reese was quick to share the thousands of baseball cards she received from Ashford and other donors around the country with other

28、 kids affected by Californias Creek Fire. Shes gotten so many, in fact, that she started Cards from Reese, an organization that collects cards and donates them to those in need. She knows firsthand of the simple power of a card and shed like to lift other children up as others have lifted her up. 24

29、. What happened to Reeses baseball cards?A. Someone took them away. B. They were left in the garage. C. Her family threw them away. D. They were destroyed in a fire. 25. How did Ashford help Reese?A. He donated his cards to her. B. He called on others to help her. C. He shared her story on Facebook.

30、 D. He exchanged his cards with her. 26. From the story, we can learn that _. A. ups and downs make one strongB. nothing is difficult to a willing heartC. love can be sent from one to another D. accepting what you have makes you happyCThe return of sea otters to Southeast Alaska over the past 50 yea

31、rs, a project funded by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, has been a conservation success story. Erin Foster, a Nearshore Ecology PhD from Hakai Institute, suggests that sea otter restoration can enhance the genetic diversity of their habitat. Sea otters reside in coastal habitats, including eelgr

32、ass fields, where they feed on rock crabs, often creating foraging pits (觅食坑) in the eelgrass. Foster looked at the impact of this activity on eelgrass genetic diversity by comparing eelgrass ecosystems with no otters (pre-disturbance) to those where otters had been reintroduced (post-disturbance).

33、It was found that genetic diversity was higher in the areas with otters. Foster argues that genetic richness is of central importance here because it is crucial to resilience ( 恢 复 力 ) and the evolution of clonal organisms. Why? The primary mode of expansion for eelgrass is clonal growth, but sea ot

34、ter digging stimulates sexual reproduction in the flowering plant and opens up areas for the seeds to settle. Even though disturbance enhances the diversity and dynamics of many of the worlds ecosystems, its influence on genetic diversity remains poorly appreciated. The amount of disturbance that wa

35、s observed in the eelgrass fields was relatively low: about 5% of the seafloor had foraging pits, although the pits last only for a short time, and visual observations likely underestimate the amount of activity. The disturbance theory, presented in 1978 on the basis of evidence from tropical forest

36、s and coral reefs, is well known to ecologists. Early studies showed that disturbance could increase species diversity, but researches on the effects of disturbance on genetic diversity are relatively rare. The role of sea otters in eelgrass fields provides insights into how genetic diversity can ch

37、ange when species interactions are lostand how these patterns can be restored. Without sea otters, genetic diversity appears to decline; when they return, so does diversity. Sea otters were extirpated from much of their range during intense commercial harvests in the 18th and 19th centuries. As thei

38、r range expanded in the 1960s and 1970s after the disturbance, and their habitats became better understood, sea otters became symbolic species in ecology. The role of sea otters in biogeochemical processes such as the carbon cycle has gained attention in recent years. During the United Nations Decad

39、e on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030), more attention should be paid to rebuilding animal populations and the key ecological functions they provide. 27. We can learn from the passage that _. A. eelgrass ecosystems are established by sea ottersB. eelgrass expands through clonal growth due to sea ott

40、ersC. the return of sea otters can increase genetic diversity of eelgrassD. eelgrass plays a more important role in the ecosystem than sea otters28. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?A. The ecological disturbance theory lacks basic proof. B. The previous researches on disturbance are insufficient.

41、C. The necessity of the research on disturbance is doubted. D. The effects of disturbance on genetic diversity are relatively small. 29. What does the underlined word “extirpated” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Removed. B. Restored. C. Reproduced. D. Relocated. 30. Which of the following would be t

42、he best title for this passage?A. The Ecological Function of Eelgrass FieldsB. The Commitment to Ecological ConservationC. The Strategy for Increasing Sea Otter PopulationD. The Benefit of Disturbance on Genetic DiversityDMy university has now topped the U. S. News & World Report rankings for 11 yea

43、rs running. Given Princetons success, you might think I would be a fan of the list. Not so. Dont get me wrong. I am proud of Princetons teaching, research and commitment to service. I like seeing our quality recognized. Rankings, however, are a misleading way to assess universities. Different school

44、s have distinct strengths, structures and missions. The idea of picking one as “best”, as though educational programs competed like athletic teams, is strange. However, the U. S. News rankings attract great attention and a huge customer base. Applicants and their families rely on the rankings and fe

45、el pressure to get into highly regarded institutions. As a result, many schools make intense efforts to move up in the rankings. This competition produces damaging consequences. For example, some universities avoid doing difficult but valuable things such as admitting talented lower-income students

46、who can succeed at university if given appropriate support. Still, students and families need comparative information to choose universities. If rankings mislead, what is the alternative? For generations, buyers have turned to Consumer Reports for advice about almost everything except university edu

47、cation. When Consumer Reports evaluates a product, it assesses multiple factors so that potential buyers can make their own choice wisely. Similarly, university applicants need information about some basic variables. Graduation rates are crucial. A university that does not graduate its students is l

48、ike a car with a bad maintenance (维修) record. It costs money without getting you anywhere. What applicants need is not the average graduation rate, but the rate for students with backgrounds like their own. For example, some places successfully graduate their wealthy students but do less well for lo

49、wer-income students. Applicants should also see some measure of post-graduation outcomes. Here is a partial list of other factors that matter: cost of tuition ( 学 费 ) and fees; high-quality teachers actively engaged in undergraduate instruction; and a learning culture composed of diverse students wh

50、o study hard and educate one another. Judged by these criteria, many schools could be “Consumer Reports Best Buys”. Applicants should be excited to get into any of them; they should pick the one they find most appealing; and they should not waste time worrying about which is “the best”. It would be

51、great to have a Consumer Reports for universities. I hope that some national publication will have the courage to produce an annual, user-friendly Consumer Reports-style analysis of higher education institutions, even if it is not as attractive as a football-style set of rankings. In the meantime, t

52、hose of us who understand the imperfection in the rankings must call them outeven when, indeed especially when, we finish at the top. 31. What is the authors attitude towards university rankings?A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Disapproving. D. Neutral. 32. Why does the author mention Consumer Repo

53、rts?A. To reveal the multiplicity of consumers. B. To present the information of potential buyers. C. To highlight the difficulty of choosing universities. D. To emphasize the need of overall evaluation of universities. 33. What can we learn from this passage?A. It is not likely to have a Consumer R

54、eports for universities. B. The most suitable university for applicants may not rank the top. C. The average graduation rate is crucial to lower-income applicants. D. The top universities can see the imperfection in the rankings better. 34. What is the main idea of the passage?A. There is no such th

55、ing as a good or bad student. B. Education equality is an ideal hard to be realized. C. An alternative approach is needed to assess universities. D. Discrimination against poor students brings loss of talents. 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分, 共 10 分）根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Humans

56、 start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to laugh and smile in response to stimuli ( 刺 激 物 ). Laughter and humour provide psychological scientists with rich resources for studying human psychology. Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as

57、an important adaptation for social communication. For example, in 1950, a U. S. sound engineer started recording his own laugh tracks. These were intended to help people at home feel like they were in a social situation. He even recorded various types of laughter. 35 _ In one study, carried out in 2

58、016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies. 36_ On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, peoples guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time. Another stu

59、dy by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace. 37_ The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter e over two pages of text. The students then were randomly as

60、signed to watch a video clip. Some watched a clip of the BBC comedy Mr. Bean, and others a factual video about the management profession. The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and

61、were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. 38_ Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group. 39_ Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent

62、significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group. Traditionally, individuals are advised to avoid things such as humour that may distract them from the accomplishment of task goals. However, humour actually helps relieve st

63、ress and facilitate social relationships. It is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energizing. A. Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers. B. This mental break might facilitate the addition of mental resources. C. The researchers then had participants complete long

64、multiplication questions by hand. D. A team made up of 30 psychological scientists played these recordings to different people. E. However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers. F. Researchers have also found different types of laughter serve as codes to c

65、omplex human bonds. G. He found out a simple haha communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节, 32 分）第一节 （共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分, 第 42 题 3 分, 第 43 题 5 分, 共 12 分） 阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Collecting As a HobbyCollecting must be one of the most varied of hum

66、an activities, and its one that many psychologists find fascinating. Some people collect because they want to make money. This could be called an instrumental reason for collecting. Theyll look for, say, antiques that they can buy cheaply and expect to sell at a profit. But there may well be a psych

67、ological element, toobuying cheap and selling dear can give the collector a sense of achievement. Another motive for collecting is the desire to find something special. Some may spend their whole lives in a hunt for this. Psychologically, this can give a purpose to a life that otherwise feels aimles

68、s. There is a danger, though, that if the individual is ever lucky enough to find what theyre looking for, rather than celebrating their success, they may feel empty, now that the goal that drove them on has gone. If you think about collecting postage stamps, another potential reason is its educatio

69、nal value. Stamp collecting opens a window to other countries, and to the plants, animals, or famous people shown on their stamps. In the past, and nowadays, too, a popular form of collecting, was trainspotting. This might involve trying to see every locomotive (火车头) of a particular type, using publ

70、ished data that identify each one, and ticking off each engine as it is seen. As a by-product, many train spotters become very knowledgeable about railway operations, or the technical specifications of different engine types. Not all collectors are interested in learning from their hobbies. Some peo

71、ple collect because of the need for a sense of control. Stamp collectors, for instance, arrange their stamps in albums very neatly according to their preferred principles. All hobbies give pleasure, but the common factor in collecting is usually passion. Collecting can be totally appealing, and can

72、give a strong sense of personal achievement. To non-collectors it may appear a strange way of spending time, but potentially, collecting has a lot going for it. 40. What is the instrumental reason for collecting?41. What is the danger of hunting for something special as a life purpose?42. Please dec

73、ide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Collectors gain material and psychological benefits from collecting, but non-collectors may not see its value, so they are not advised to have a try. 43. If you are a collector, what do you collect? And why? (In a

74、bout 40 words)第二节（20 分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 在你们学校网站上看到了你参加“校园劳动日”活动的照片, 很感兴趣, 发来邮件询问。请你给他回复邮件, 内容包括： 1. “校园劳动日”活动的相关信息（时间、内容）； 2. 你参加活动的感受。注意：1. 词数 100 左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。提示词：校园劳动日 Campus Cleanup DayDear Jim, _Yours, Li Hua（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）北京市朝阳区 20212022 学年度第一学高三英语参考答案第一部分 知识运用（共两节, 30 分）

75、第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1. 5 分, 共 15 分）1. B2. A3. B4. A 5. A 6. D7. C8. B9. D 10. C第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1. 5 分, 共 15 分）11. whose 12. to visit13. members14. were built 15. that16. important17. have witnessed 18. conducted 19. affecting 20. with第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38 分）第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分, 共 28 分）21-25 BDADA 26-30 CCBA

76、D 31-34 CDBC第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分, 共 10 分）35. G36. A37. B38. E 39. C第三部分 书面表达（共两节, 32 分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分40. To make money.41.After finding what they hunt for, people may feel empty and aimless rather than celebrate theirsuccess.42.Collectors gain material and psychological benefits f

77、rom collecting, but non-collectors may not see its value, so they are not advised to have a tryAccording to the passage, to non-collectors, collecting as a hobby may seem like a strange way of spending time, but potentially, collecting has many positive qualities. So collecting is worth trying for n

78、on-collectors.43.(1)I collect fridge magnets because they are my favourite souvenirs. Whenever I see them, Ican recall the memorable time spent during the trips. Moreover, fridge magnets enable me to learn more about the typical landmarks and cultural elements of the places I have visited. (2)I coll

79、ect car models because I love cars and receive car models as gifts on every special occasion, which serve as a reminder of my carefree childhood and the cherished love from my beloved ones. Each car model carries a distinct touching story and pleasant moment during my growth.（请根据学生答题情况酌情给分）第二节（20分）P

80、ossible version Dear Jim,How is everything going? Since you are interested in our Campus Cleanup Day, Im more than willing to share more with you.It is an annual activity in our school. Every Dec.31,students do a thorough cleanup to welcome the coming new year, such as cleaning the windows and sweep

81、ing the floors in the teaching buildings. The pictures you saw on our school official website were taken when we were helping in the school canteen, where we wiped the tables and placed them in order. From our smiles, you can tell how happy and content we were for doing our bit to make our school a place just like home.What do you think of this activity? Looking forward to hearing from you. Yours, Li Hua