北师大版高中英语选修六第6讲：Unit17 Laughter-语法篇（教师版）.docx

1、Unit 17 Laughter 语法篇_1、 掌握过去完成进行时的用法。2、 掌握并区分进行时态与非进行时态的用法。3、 掌握过去完成进行时与现在完成进行时、过去完成时及过去进行时的区别。一. 过去完成进行时1. 定义：过去完成进行时是表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到另一个过去时刻，到那个时刻，该动作可能刚刚终止，也有可能还在继续。2. 构成：肯定式疑问式否定式疑问否定式I had been workingHad I been working?I had not been working.Had I not been working?He / She / It had been wor

2、king.Had he / she/ it been working?He / She / It had not been working.Had he / she/ it not been working?We had been working.Had we been working?We had not been working.Had we not been working?You had been working.Had you been working?You had not been working.Had you not been working?They had been wo

3、rking.Had they been working?They had not been working.Had they not been working?3. 用法：过去完成进行时表示在过去某一时间之前一直进行着的动作。He said he had been standing in the wind all the morning. 他说他在风中站了一上午了。Before I worked in the factory, I had been working as a secretary in the local government. 在我来这个工厂之前，我一直在当地政府部门做秘书工作

4、。过去完成进行时表示过去某个确定的时间内反复进行的动作。The man had been visiting your office several times before you arrived, Tom said to me. 汤姆对我说：“在你到来之前这个人已到过你的办公室好几次了。”过去完成进行时表示到过去的某个时间点还在进行的动作。She told me that she had been writing letters since breakfast. 她告诉我她从吃过早饭就一直在写信。过去完成进行时表示一定的感情色彩。过去完成进行时有时可表示强烈的感情色彩，如表达喜欢或厌恶等感情

5、。I never thought he had been doing that kind of thing to you. 我怎么也没想到他居然对你做那种事。误区警示：某些不能用于进行时的动词，同样不能用于过去完成进行时。分类如下：感官动词（非有意识的动作）hear, see, smell, notice, feel, taste等表达情感状态的动词love, hate, like, desire, wish, mind, appreciate, dislike, fear, envy, care等表示心理活动的动词know, realize, understand, recognize, b

6、elieve, feel, suppose, think, imagine, doubt, remember, forget, want, need, prefer, mean, agree等表示“占有”的动词（短语）belong to, own, possess, have等其他表示存在状态的动词（短语）seem, look, appear, cost, owe, weight, be, exist, consist of, contain, include等二. 进行时态与非进行时态的区别1. 进行时态表示动作未完成，非进行时态表示动作已完成。比较：The Greens were watc

7、hing a football match on TV. 格林一家正在看电视上播出的足球赛。（正在看）The Greens watched a football match on TV last night. 昨天晚上格林一家看了电视上播出的足球赛。（看过了）I have been fixing the bridge all this morning. 我一上午都在修冰箱。（可能会持续下去）I have fixed the fridge. 我已修好了冰箱。（已修完）2. 进行时态表示暂时的动作，非进行时态表示永久的动作。比较：Where is he working at present? 他母

8、亲在哪儿工作？（临时性工作）Where does he work? 他在哪儿工作？（固定工作）We were working from two to four yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我们从2点一直工作到4点。（只是某段时间）We work in that factory. 我们在那家工厂工作。（永久性的）三. 过去完成进行时与现在完成进行时、过去完成时及过去进行时的区别1. 过去完成进行时与现在完成进行时的区别：过去完成进行时表示动作发生在过去，延续到过去；现在完成进行时表示动作发生在过去，延续到现在，并且可能继续下去。2. 过去完成进行时与过去完成时的区别：过去完

9、成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，并有可能继续下去；而过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去，时间一定是在过去的过去。3. 过去完成进行时与过去进行时的区别：过去完成进行时表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作，时间相对于过去而言；而过去进行时则表示过去某一时间动作正在进行，是相对于现在而言，所以过去进行时表示过去动作的暂时性、一时性，动作并未结束。例1. The crazy fans _ _ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waitingB.

10、 had been waitingC. had waitedD. would wait解析：句意：那些疯狂的粉丝一直耐心地等了两个小时，并且他们将一直等到那个电影明星出现。考查动词的时态。根据所提供的情景“and they would wait till the movie star arrived”表明动作还会持续下去，所以要用过去完成进行时。答案：B。例 2. He _ _ photos along the lake before he saw a boy fall into the water.A. had been takingB. have been takingC. had tak

11、enD. have taken解析：句意：他一直在湖边拍照，然后他看到一个男孩掉进了水里。考查动词时态。根据所提供的时间状语before.，又因一直在湖边才可能看到男孩掉到水里，故用过去完成进行时。答案：A。例3.Tom _ _ in the library every night over the last three months.A. worksB. workedC. has been workingD. had been working解析：句意：在过去的三个月里，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆工作。考查动词的时态。根据时间状语over the last three months可知，本句用现

12、在完成进行时。答案：C。例4.（2019 陕西高考）On Monday mornings it usually _ _ me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.A. takesB. is takingC. tookD. will take解析：句意：星期一早上开车去上班通常花费我一个小时的时间，尽管距离只有20英里。考查动词的时态。由时间状语on Monday mornings及usually可知是经常习惯性的动作，又由让步状语从句中的is可知是叙述现在的事情，所以要表示现在时间中的经常

13、性、习惯性的动作要用一般现在时。答案：A。例5.（2019 湖南高考）Since the time humankind started gardening, we _ _ to make our environment more beautiful.A. tryB. have been tryingC. are tryingD. will try解析：句意：自从人类有了园艺技术，我们就一直在让我们的环境越来越美丽。考查动词的时态。根据从句中的since the time可知主句应用完成时，再结合语境可知，“让我们的环境越来越美丽”这一动作一直在发生，故此处用现在完成进行时。答案：B。基础演练一

14、. 用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。1. He _ _ _ (amuse) us by his humorous story before our teacher came into classroom.2. Our school _ _ _ (forbid) students to take part in some activities such as singing competition until our new headmaster took his place.3. His mother _ _ _ (scold) him for nearly five minutes for

15、scratching her car with a nail when his father got home.4. The officials _ _ _ (wait) in line for half an hour before the politician appeared at last.5. The government _ _ _ (clarify) the incident recently but a similar one happened again.Keys： 1. had been amusing, 2. had been forbidding, 3. had bee

16、n scolding, 4. had been waiting, 5. had been clarifying二. 单项选择。1.（2019 江西高考）-Tony, why are your eyes red?-I _ _ up peppers for the last five minutes.A. cutB. was cuttingC. had cutD. have been cutting2.（2019 湖南高考）-I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.-Im so sorry. But

17、 I _ _ my homework.A. had doneB. was doingC. would doD. am doing3. The manager _ _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.A. has toldB. is tellingC. has been tellingD. will have told4. I _ _ with great caution, but one day my car was knocked over by a drunken driver.A. was drivingB. have

18、been drivingC. had been drivingD. had been driven5. The man _ _ there in the sun for a long time and got his face burnt.A. has stoodB. was standingC. had been standingD. is standing6. He said that he _ _ the novel and had not finished it yet.A. is writingB. has writtenC. writesD. had been writing7.

19、-Was your journey to Mountain Emei pleasant last summer?-No, it _ _ for five days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.A. was rainingB. has rainedC. had been rainingD. has been raining8. Not until then did people know that he _ _ important military information to the enemy for a long time.A

20、. soldB. would sellC. had soldD. had been selling9.（2019 北京高考）-Hi, lets go skating.-Sorry, Im busy right now. I _ _ in an application form for a new job.A. fillB. have filledC. am fillingD. will fill10.（2019 福建高考）The girl has a great interest in sport and _ _ badminton classes twice a week over the

21、last three years.A. tookB. his takingC. takesD. has been takingKeys：1-10 DBCCC DCDCD巩固提高一. 完成句子。1. She _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (一直患重感冒) when she took the exam.2. I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (一直在寻找) it for days before I found it.3. He _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (一直提到) your name to me.4. I _ _

22、_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (刚刚看了几分钟) when he came in.5. The doctor asked what he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (一直在吃).Keys： 1. had been suffering from a bad cold, 2. had been looking for, 3. had been mentioning, 4. had only been reading for a few minutes, 5. had been eating二. 单项选择。1. It was mid

23、night and he was tired because he _ since dawn. A. was workingB. has workedC. had been workingD. has been working2. His brother was good at playing table tennis. He _ _ it since he was ten.A. had playedB. playedC. had been playingD. was playing3. They _ _ the physical health of the students before s

24、ome of them were too weak to go on their study.A. have been overlookingB. had been overlookingC. were overlookingD. had been overlooked4. They _ _ for the authority to explain the cause of the incident, but received no response.A. are waitingB. have been waitingC. were waitingD. had been waiting5. T

25、hey _ _ the size of their company until it resulted in a shortage of fund.A. expandedB. has been expandingC. had been expandingD. was expanding6. -Could I use your car tomorrow morning?-Sure. I _ _ a report at home.A. expandedB. has been expandingC. had been expandingD. was expanding7. -So what is t

26、he procedure?-All the applicants _ _ before a final decision is made by the authority.A. interviewB. are interviewingC. are interviewedD. are being interviewed8. Im calling about the apartment you _ _ the other day. Could you tell me more about it?A. advertisedB. had advertisedC. are advertisingD. w

27、ill advertise9. -I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.-Im so sorry. But I _ _ my homework.A. had doneB. was doingC. would doD. am doing10. I _ _ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.A. comeB. cameC. am comingD. was comingKeys：1-5 CCBDC ACABD一. 用

28、正确的时态填空。1.What_(amuse)us was that he pulled faces when his mother turned around.2.He_(cash)a cheque when suddenly the power was out.3.They_(overlook)the potential danger ahead and marched on without delay.4.They_(accomplish)the task their teacher gave and are relieved.5.The audience_(applaud)because

29、 of his excellent performance.Keys:1. amused, 2. was cashing, 3. overlooked, 4. have accomplished, 5. were applauding二. 单项选择。1. -Oh no! Were too late. The train _. -Thats OK. Well catch the next train to London.A. was leavingB. had leftC. has leftD. has been leaving2. -When did the computer crash?-T

30、his morning, while I _ _ the reading materials downloaded from some websites.A. have sortedB. was sortingC. am sortingD. had sorted3. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _ sharply. A. was increasingB. has increasedC. had increasedD. will be

31、increasing4. He _ _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. A. has learnedB. would have learnedC. learnedD. had learned5. They _ _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ _ on it as no good results have come out so far. A. had been

32、 working; are still working B. had worked; were stillC. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working6. Father _ _ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left 7. When the old man _ _ to walk back to his house, the sun

33、_ _ itself behind the mountain. A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hiddenC. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid8. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ _ placed under the Ministers car. A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be9.

34、-Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.-Oh! I thought they _ without me. A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone 10. They received the parcel that they _ for a long time.A. expected B. have expectedC. had been expectingD. had expectedKeys:1-10 CBBDA DACDC_一. 根据短文内容，从短文

35、后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AWe often focus on building relationships with others that we forget the essential first step: being friends of ourselves. 1 . How can we have good relationships with others if we dont even have good relationships with ourselves?The problem might be worse than we exp

36、ect. Maybe we dont like ourselves without realizing it. Here is a simple checklist: Is there anything you dont like about yourself from these lists?Your past: Maybe you have made mistakes in the past which you feel bad about. 2 . Even if that happened in distant past, your subconscious mind still ha

37、s a reason not to like yourself.Your background: You might wish that you were born in different family, or that you have different background. 3 . They seem to get whatever they want effortlessly because of their background.Your personal traits (特点): You might have some personality traits that you d

38、ont like. For example, you may be an introvert (内向) and you dont like it; you wish you were an extrovert.Others might have better achievements than you, and no matter how hard you tried, it might seem impossible for you to match them. 4 . Is there anything that resonate (产生共鸣) with you? All these gi

39、ve reasons to you not to like yourself. That in turn makes it difficult for you to be a good friend to yourself. 5 . Here are some tips:Forgive yourselfAccept things you cant changeFocus on your strengthsWrite your success storiesStop comparing yourself with othersAlways be true to yourselfA. That i

40、s the crucial(关键) first step if we are to have good relationships with othersB. You might then think that its because you are not smart enough or dont have enough talentsC. You can do something to improve the relationships with othersD. Fortunately, there are always things you can do to fix the situ

41、ationE. You might be disappointed with yourself on why you make such mistakesF. Sometimes you might not believe yourselfG. Maybe you could not accept the fact that you are not as lucky as othersB 6 . It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River. 7 . The canal serv

42、ed as a route over which industrial goods could flow into the west, and materials could pour into the east. The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nations largest city.The building of the canal was paid for entirely by the state of New York. 8 . Between 1825, when the canal was opened, and

43、1882, when toll charges (过运河费) were stopped, the state collected $121, 461, 891.For a hundred years before the Erie was built, people had been talking about a canal which could join the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The man who planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan through was De Witt Cl

44、inton. Those who were against the canal laughingly called it “Clintons Ditch (沟)”. 9 . He and Governor Morris went to Washington in 1812 to ask for help for the canal, but they were unsuccessful.Clinton became governor of New York in 1817, and shortly afterwards, on July 4, 1817, broke ground for th

45、e canal in Rome, N. Y. The first part of the canal was completed in 1820. 10 . The length of the canal is 363 miles.A. As the canal grew, towns along its course developed fastB. It cost $ 7, 143, 789, but it soon gained its price many times overC. The Erie Canal was the first important national wate

46、rway built in the USD. More workers were needed to build the canalE. Clinton talked and wrote about the canal and drew up plans for itF. To dig the canal benefited AmericansG. It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Oceankeys：1-5 AEGBD 6-10 CGBEA二. 书面表达随着科学技术的不断发展，手机已经在人们的生活中变得越来越普及。如今，手机已经走进了学校

47、，走进了学生的手中。某报社组织了一场讨论。假如你是李明，请根据下表提供的信息，给报社的编辑写封信，客观地介绍讨论的情况。大多数同学的观点手机方便学生与家长、同学联系,是一种时尚大多数老师的观点中学生年龄尚小，还不能自控：用手机玩游戏,发短信，浪费时间；学生使用手机，容易引起攀比；如需打电话时，学校里有公用电话可供使用你的观点?要求：1) 所写短文要包括表中所有内容并补充你的观点；2) 短文要符合书信格式；3) 词数120左右。参考词汇：攀比vie with 注：信的开头已经为你写好，不记入总词数。Dear editor,Im writing to tell you about the disc

48、ussion weve had about whetherYours truly,Li Ming参考范文：Dear editor,Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether it is necessary for middle school students to bring mobile phones to school.The majority of the students think that it is more convenient for them to keep in touch with

49、 their parents and classmates if they have mobile phones. Whats more, its fashionable now. However, most teachers think that middle school students are not old enough to control themselves. It is a waste of time for students to play games and send text messages to each other using mobile phones. It can also cause the students to envy with each. If they need to make a call, they can use public phones on the campus.In my opinion, following a fashion trend is understandable, but as middle school students, we should throw ourselves heart and soul into studies.Yours truly,Li Ming