2012届高考英语二轮复习（湖南版）课件：第21讲 主旨大意题.ppt

1、1第21讲主旨大意题2(2011湖 南 卷 B篇)My father was Chief Engineer of a merchant ship,which was sunk in World War.The book Night of the Uboats told the story.MemoriesIn September,1940,my mother,sister and I went to Swansea,where my fathers ship was getting ready to sail.We brought him a family photograph to be k

2、ept with him at all times and keep him safe.Then I remember my mother lying face down,sobbing.She had heard from a friend that the ship had been sunk by a torpedo(鱼雷)3 I can remember the arrival of the telegram(电报),which in those days always brought bad news.My grandmother opened it.It read,“Safe.Lo

3、ve Ted.”My most vivid memory is being woken and brought down to sit on my fathers knee,his arm in a bandage.He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war.For as long as I can remember,he had a weak heart.Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes.He sai

4、d it was because of the cigarettes.Whichever,he died suddenly in his early 50s.Ten years later I read Night of the Uboats and was able to complete the story.4 Torpedo One torpedo struck the ship.Father was in the engine room,where the third engineer was killed.He shut down the engines to slow the sh

5、ip making it easier for it to be abandoned.By the time he got on deck(甲板)he was alone.Every lifeboat was gone except one which had stuck fast.When he tried to cut it free,it swung against the ship,injuring his hand and arm.He had no choice but to jump still with the photograph in his pocket.Three da

6、ys later，he and other survivors were safe in Glasgow.All23 with him signed the back of the photograph.5 Torpedo One torpedo struck the ship.Father was in the engine room,where the third engineer was killed.He shut down the engines to slow the ship making it easier for it to be abandoned.By the time

7、he got on deck(甲板)he was alone.Every lifeboat was gone except one which had stuck fast.When he tried to cut it free,it swung against the ship,injuring his hand and arm.He had no choice but to jump still with the photograph in his pocket.Three days later，he and other survivors were safe in Glasgow.Al

8、l23 with him signed the back of the photograph.6 A ToastIn my room is the book and the photograph.Often,glass in hand,I have wondered how I would have dealt with an explosion,a sinking ship,a jump into a vast ocean and a wait for rescue?Lest(以免)we forget,I have some more whisky and toast the heroes

9、of the war.65.What is the passage mainly about?A.A group of forgotten heroes.B.A book describing a terrifying battle.C.A ship engineers wartime experience.D.A merchants memories of a sea rescue.7介绍我的父亲在二战期间经历的一次沉船事件。65.C主旨大意题。其他选项错误原因：A、B两项在文中都没有涉及；D项merchants memories应该是作者(merchants child)的memories

10、。8主旨题是阅读理解中最常见的题型之一，测试阅读理解的基本能力。这种题型考查学生在语言水平上对文章的把握：能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力。9一、主旨大意题的出题方式虽说比较固定，但也有大致如下3种情形：1.标题与大意题 Whats the best title for this passage?What is the passage mainly about?What does the passage mainly tell us?What is the main idea of the passage?102.写作目的写作目的与文章主题不同，但与它关系密切，所以也可以算作主旨题的

11、一种变体。二者的异同可以从下面的对比中看出：文章主旨是中心思想、文章大意，而写作目的则阐述文章为何表达这个中心思想，等于文章大意论述方法(或作者口吻)。文章大意可以根据前面所述的方法找到。至于论述方法，可以根据高考阅读理解的主体文章确定。11advice(建议，劝告)argue for(论证)，argue against(驳斥)(这两种答案仅适用于议论文体裁)illustrate(说明)present(阐述)propose(提出)warn(警告)既然全文的写作目的与文章的主旨密切相关，那么段落的写作目的也与段落的大意密切相关，只有反映了段落大意的答案才是段落的写作目的。3.作者态度解答作者态度

12、(attitude)或语气(tone)题，关键在于把握作者对全文主体事物(与主题有关)或某一具体事物的态度。表达作者态度褒义、中性和贬义的手段主要有：1)加入形容词定语；2)加入副词状语；3)特殊动词。英语中有些动词也表明说话者的正负态度，如：fail(未能)，ignore(忽视)，overestimate(估计过高)等动词表示一种负态度。由上可知，确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。二、解题方法：1.把握文章逻辑结构，抓主题

13、句，概括段落大意，根据论述详略确定。主题句表达中心思想，其他句子均围绕它进行说明或议论。它在文章中的位置通常为第一段首句、第一段末句和全文末句等地方。所以阅读时对这些地方要特别关注。高考阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构有：1)时间顺序。按时间先后说明某一理论的发展，或某一研究成果由过去至现在的情况。属于这种结构的主题通常在首段或末段。2)总分顺序。首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点。属于这种结构的文章主题在首段。3)分总顺序。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。主题在末段。4)对比。进行对比的各事物之间的基本共同点或差异为主题。5)分类。分类说明的各大项相加为主题。2.文章标题的选择或拟定

14、标题用来帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心，把握作者的观点和意图，点明文章主题。标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。它的特点是：短小精悍，涵盖性强，简洁新颖。要恰当地选好标题，需要了解标题的基本拟定方式。一般来说，标题的拟定方式是：以话题为核心，将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。要选好标题，还要注意三个原则，一是概括性原则，要求标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题要旨。二是针对性原则，针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。概括性原则要求文章标题包括文章的主要内容。但如果标题过大，就违背了针对性原则。针对性原则要求标题不能太过于概括，而是要直接指向文章的主要特点。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小。要量体裁衣，大小适度。三是醒目性原则。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。相应的要避免下列三种错误：概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，以点代面，以偏概全，从而导致范围太小)；过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。