2013英语（江苏专用）语法课件：第4章 非谓语动词.ppt

1、第四章 非谓语动词一、不定式1不定式作主语不定式可直接放在句首作主语。有时也用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式放在后面，以避免头重脚轻，保持句子结构的平衡。【例1】_ English today is the most important task to me.AStudy BBeing studiedCStudied DTo study答案 D【例2】It is my honor _ here to spend some time with you.Ato be invited BinvitingCbeing invited Dto invite答案 A2不定式作表语不定式作表语，通常说明

2、或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。【例3】The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，_ it more difficult.Anot making Bnot makeCnot to make Dto not make答案 C【例4】Today my job is _ all the flowers in the garden.Awater Bhaving wateredCto water Dwatered答案 C3不定式作宾语英语中有些动词常跟不定式作宾语。这类动词有：want，wish，hope，expect，agree，d

3、ecide，learn，pretend，ask，promise，plan，refuse，beg，demand，manage，offer，prepare，claim，struggle等。【例5】We agreed _ here，but so far she has not turned up yet.Ahaving met BmeetingCto meet Dto have met答案 C【例6】When his father came back，the boy pretended _ his homework.Adoing Bto do Cdone Dto be doing答案 D【例7】Th

4、e children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.Ato be heard Bto hearCbeing heard Dhearing答案 A4不定式作宾补(1)有些动词(短语)后面常接带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词有：consider，get，remind，advise，allow，ask，beg，encourage，force，invite，expect，order，permit，persuade，require，want，warn，wish，teach，cause，tell，command，call

5、on，count on，rely on，depend on，long for，wait for，would like等。但hope，suggest，agree，demand，arrange等动词后不能接sb.to do sth.结构。【例8】We cant count on a man like Jim _ us the necessary help.Ato give BgivingCto be given Dgiven答案 A(2)有些动词，主要是感官动词和使役动词，它们的后面可接不带to的不定式作宾补，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let

6、等，但如果是在被动语态的句子中，就要用带to的不定式作主补。【例9】My parents have always made me _ about myself，even when I was twelve.Afeeling well Bfeeling goodCfeel well Dfeel good答案 D5不定式作定语(1)不定式用在the first，the second，the last，the only等短语后面作定语。【例10】John was the last man _ dinner in our family.Ato be invited for Bto be invited

7、 toCinvited for Dinviting to答案 B(2)不定式作定语，与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系或动宾关系。The next train to arrive was from New York.(主谓关系)It was a game to be remembered.(动宾关系)【例11】That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms.(2010上海)Areducing Bto reduceCreduced Dreduce答案 B6不定式作状语(1)作原因状

8、语。不定式常可跟在某些形容词或动词后面作原因状语。【例12】We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.(2010辽宁)Afinding Bto findCfind Dto be find答案 B(2)作目的状语。不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾。但为了加强语气，也可用“so as to do”或“in order to do”结构作目的状语。in order to既可放在句首也可放在句尾，so as to一般不置于句首。【例13】With Fathers Day around the corner，I

9、 have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.(2010全国)Abuy Bto buyCbuying Dto have bought答案 B【例 14】_ lose his job，Tom kept quiet about the accident.AIn order to not BIn order not toCTo not DSo as not to答案 B(3)作结果状语。具体形式是：too adj./adv.to do意为“太而不能”；adj./adv.enough to do意为“足以”；only/just

10、 to do表示出乎意料的结果。【例15】Do you think you are brave enough _ bungee jumping?Atrying Bin tryingCto try Dand try答案 C【例16】He hurried to the station，only _ the train had left.Afinding Bfound Cto find Dfind答案 C(4)用于“主语be形容词不定式”结构。该结构中的形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，comfortable，fit，convenient，pleasant等，不定式与句子的主语是动宾

11、关系，不定式常用主动形式，且不定式必须是及物动词。【例17】The armchair is very comfortable _.Ato sit Bto sit inCsitting in Dfor sitting down答案 B【例18】We found the exercise difficult _ without the help of the English teacher.Ato be done Bto doCto do it Dof doing答案 B7“疑问词不定式”结构此结构相当于名词的功能，即作主语、宾语、表语等成分。不定式一般只用主动式不用被动式。疑问词须作不定式的相应

12、成分。【例19】Its no use having ideas only.Dont worry.Peter can show you _ to turn an idea into an act.(2010辽宁)Ahow Bwho Cwhat Dwhere答案 A【例 20】The police officer wants to know what measures _ to find the murderer as soon as possible.Ato take Bto be takenCtaken Dbeing taken答案 A【例21】I was made to write a le

13、tter in English，but I dont know _.Awhat to write about Bhow to begin withChow to write about Dwhat to begin答案 A8不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态变化往往是相对于谓语动词而言的，如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用不定式的一般式；如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用不定式的完成式。不定式的语态变化往往针对其逻辑主语而言，如果不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，用不定式的被动式。【例22】The crowd cheered w

14、ildly at the sight of Liu Xiang，who was reported _ the world record in the 110meter hurdle race.(2007辽宁)Abreaking Bhaving brokenCto have broken Dto break答案 C【例23】Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one _ first is the library.(2010重庆)Arepaired Bbeing repairedCrepairing Dto be repaired答案

15、 D二、动名词动名词主要起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语，一般不作状语，有各种形式的变化。1动名词作主语动名词可直接放在句首作主语。有时也用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动名词放在后面。注意：no use，no good作表语时，真正的主语常用动名词，一般不用不定式。【例24】In my mind，_ that famous university will be the only way to become a worldclass writer.Aattending BattendedCattend Dhaving attended答案 A【例25】It is no use _ w

16、ith him at this time.Atalk Bto talkCtalking Dtalked答案 C2动名词作宾语(1)有些动词(短语)后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常见的后跟动名词作宾语的动词有：mind，finish，enjoy，excuse，imagine，keep，practice，suggest，miss，consider，prevent，appreciate，advise，avoid，allow，admit，delay，escape，permit，forbid，cant help(情不自禁)，feel like，keep on，give up，look forward to，d

17、evote.to，get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth等。【例26】He didnt feel like _，so she suggested _ an English letter right away.Areading；practising writingBreading；practising to writeCreading；to practise writing Dto read；practising to write答案 A【例27】Tom enjoys _ basketball on Sunday afternoons，d

18、oesnt he?Yes，he does.But what his sister enjoys _.Ato play；dancing Bplaying；to danceCto play；to dance Dplaying；is to dance答案 D【例28】The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.Acatching Bto be caughtCbeing caught Dto catch答案 C(2)在have difficulty(trouble，a problem，a hard time，fun，a good time)(in)动名词；

19、be busy(in)动名词；waste time(in)动名词；there is no point(in)动名词等结构中，动名词作介词in的宾语，in常可省。【例29】I had great difficulty _ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(2010上海)Afind Bfound Cto find Dfinding答案 D【例30】Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh，yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice!Ato take BtakingCno

20、t to take Dnot taking答案 D三、分词分词在句中可用作表语、定语、补语、状语等。1分词作表语分词作表语具有形容词的功能，说明主语的性质或特征。现在分词表示主语与分词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，意为“令人的”，主语通常是物；过去分词表示主语与分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，意为“感到的”，主语通常是人。【例31】This computer game was _ and the children were _ in it.Ainteresting；interesting Binterested；interested Cinteresting；interested Dinterest

21、ed；interesting答案 C【例32】She took a deep breath to calm herself，but her voice still sounded _.Aexcitement BexcitedCexciting Dexcitedly答案 B2分词作定语现在分词作定语既可放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可放在所修饰的词之后，相当于一个定语从句。过去分词作定语时，一般置于所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句。【例33】Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily.(2

22、010北京)Aadvertised Bto be advertisedCadvertising Dhaving advertised答案 A【例34】The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.(2010浙江)Abeing weighed Bto weighCweighed Dweighing答案 D3分词作宾补常跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch，have，get，keep，hear，find，feel，le

23、ave，make，notice，observe，watch等。【例35】Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles.(2010辽宁)Ato recognize BrecognizingCrecognize Drecognized答案 D4分词作状语分词可作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、结果状语等。【例36】Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock，_ supplies to Yushu，Qinghai Province after the earthquake.

24、(2010福建)Asending Bto sendChaving sent Dto have sent答案 A四、难点速通难点1：不定式to后的内容省略的问题为了避免重复，like，love，try，want，hope，hate，wish，be glad/happy等后面必须有to，但to后面的动词常省略。但如果to后是be或have时不省。【例37】How about going on a picnic with us tomorrow?_ very much.AIll like to BId like toCId like DIll like it答案 B【例38】Did they tel

25、l you the final decision of the committee?No，they didnt，but I think I ought to _.A/Bbe Chave Dhave been答案 D难点2：with复合结构“with宾语非谓语动词”是一种特殊的结构，可以在句中作定语或状语。【例39】The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked.(2010山东)Alaid BlayingCto lay Dbeing laid 答案 A难点3：remem

26、ber，forget，regret后接动名词和不定式的区别后接动名词表示先于谓语动词的动作；后接不定式表示后于谓语动词的动作。【例40】The light in the office is still on.Oh，I forgot _.Aturning it off Bturn it offCto turn it off Dhaving turned it off答案 C【例41】Have you forgotten _ a ruler from Mike?Please remember _ it to him tomorrow.Aborrowing；to return Bborrowing；

27、returningCto borrow；to return Dto borrow；returning答案 A【例42】You should say sorry to your brother.Yes，I regret _ with him.Aquarrelling BquarreledCto quarrel Dhave quarreled答案 A难点4：want，need，require和deserve后接动名词和不定式的用法当它们后面所接的动词与句子的主语是动宾关系时，用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式。【例43】I need _ there by bike，but something is

28、wrong with my bike.It needs _.Agoing；being repaired Bto go；repairingCto go；to repair Dgo；to be repaired答案 B【例44】He deserves _.Apromoted BpromoteCto be promoted Dto promote答案 C难点5：在try，stop，mean，go on，cant help后，用动名词和不定式所表达的含义不同(1)try doing sth.试着做某事；try to do sth.努力做某事(2)stop doing sth.停止做某事；stop to

29、 do sth.停下来做某事(3)mean doing sth.意味着做某事；mean to do sth.打算做某事(4)go on doing sth.继续做某事(即：再做原来做着的那件事)；go on to do sth.接着做另一件事(即：做与原来不同的一件事)(5)cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事；cant help(to)do sth.不能帮助做某事【例45】Try _ at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.Aknock Bto knockCknocking Dto be knocking

30、答案 C【例46】She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.Ato have rested BrestingCto rest Drest答案 C【例47】To buy the IBM PC 686 means _ a lot of money.Really?I dont mean _ much money.Ato waste；to waste Bwasting；wastingCwasting；to waste Dto waste；wasting答案 C难点6：现在分词的

31、被动式、过去分词、不定式的被动式作定语的区别现在分词的被动式表示正在进行，过去分词表示完成，不定式的被动式表示将来。【例48】His first book _ next month is based on a true story.(2010陕西)Apublished Bto be publishedCto publish Dbeing published答案 B难点7：“似是而非”的toto既可作介词，也可作不定式符号。pay attention to，lead to，look forward to，stick to，object to，get down to，be used to(习惯于)

32、，devote.to等短语中的to是介词。【例49】Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.Aset up Bsetting upChave set up Dhaving set up答案 B【例50】We must pay attention to the problem he referred _ fewer mistakes in our work.Ato make Bto makingCto to make Dwithout making答案 C【例51】The man used to _ up early had a slight accident the other day.Agetting BgetCgot Dhaving got答案 A单击此处进入非谓语动词测试