2014《创新设计》高中英语外研版选修8（天津专用）配套课件 3-4.ppt

1、重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地修饰名词或代词(不定代词或疑问代词)等的词、短语或者从句称为定语。一般单个的单词作定语放在该修饰名词之前(前置定语)，短语和句子放在该修饰名词之后(后置定语)。Period Four Grammar(1)&Grammar(2)1定语的概念一、定语重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地2定语的类型代词Our government tries every possible means to satisfy our needs.What problem do you have in mastering a foreign language？数词English is

2、spoken as an official language in over sixty countries throughout the world.Over two hundred auto workers are out on strike.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地名词或名词所有格I still remember what I ate:a fish and cheese sandwich.In many homes，the willow pattern plates(named after the willow tree in the center of the design

3、)are kept for special occasions，when important guests come to dinner.Where is the presidents office？分词The rising sun in the early morning looks bigger than the one at noon.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地分词Do you know the girl dancing over there？There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.The man badly wounded in

4、the stomach lay on the ground，motionless.动词不定式The letters to be delivered to the manager arrived five minutes ago.He is always the first person to leave the office.介词短语One evening he was entertaining the ruler of a small island in the Pacific.Antarctica is the coldest place in the world.重点语法精析解码书面表达

5、勤思巧学园地副词(通常后置)The noise outside woke him up.The food here goes against the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table.词组或合成词With a face all smiles he told me that he had done well in the experiment.Is there anything the matter with you？Who is that blueeyed girl?There are more welltodo fam

6、ilies now.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地从句The perfect host is the one who saves his guest from embarrassment whatever the cost.Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife，which has adapted to its extreme conditions.形容词I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served.His deeds moved everyone p

7、resent.注意：不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing的定语要放在后面，如something interesting多个形容词作定语的顺序：基本规则：评价性形容词表示大小、长短、高低、新旧的形容词表示颜色的形容词表示国籍、来源、材料的形容词重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【单项填空】Some_students in our class hope to be_doctors in the future.Agirls；womans Bgirl；womenCgirl；woman Dgirls；womensYesterday she asked me

8、 if there was_to read，but I happened to lend it to someone else.Aeasy enough somethingBenough easy somethingCsomething enough easyDsomething easy enough重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地This_girl is Lindas niece.Apretty little Spanish BSpanish little prettyCSpanish pretty little Dlittle pretty Spanish答案BDA重点语法精析解码书

9、面表达勤思巧学园地二、定语从句表一 定义及相关术语定义在主从复合句中，作定语修饰句中某个名词或代词的句子叫作定语从句分类又称为形容词性从句。定语从句有限制性和非限制性之分先行词定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或一个代词，那么被修饰的名词(词组)或代词就是先行词重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系代词：who，whom，whose，that，which，as等。关系副词：when，where，why等。关系词的作用有三个：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地表二 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的

10、先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语Is she the woman who/that wants to see you？她就是想见你的人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地whose用来指人或物(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of w

11、hich the互换，whose相当于先行词的所有格)Please pass me the book whose(of which the)cover is green.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。which与that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。A tiger which/that had never been seen before has appeared in the area.一只从没见过的老虎在这个地区出现了。(which/that在句中作主语)The box(which/that)you are carrying is about to come

12、unwrapped.你拿的盒子快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语)重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地表三 as作关系代词的用法关系代词as常出现在such.as，so.as，the same.as，as.as等结构中This is not such a book as I expected.这不是我所希望得到的那本书。Here is so big a stone as no man can lift。这么大一块石头，没有人能举起来。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，可置于句首或句末。As is known to all，the earth is round.众所周知，地球是圆的

13、。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地as指代整个主句和which指代整个主句的用法区别：由as，which引导非限制性定语从句时，as和which可指代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。as引导的非限制性定语从句常用来表示说话人关于某事的依据、态度、解释或评论等，含有“正如”的意思，通常出现在一些固定短语之中，一般放在句首，也可放在句末。As we know，smoking is harmful to ones health.我们知道，吸烟对我们的身体有害。as has been said before如上所述as may be imagined正如可以想象出来的那样as

14、is well known众所周知as was expected正如所预料的那样as has been already pointed out正如已经指出的那样重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地as指代整个主句和which指代整个主句的用法区别：由as，which引导非限制性定语从句时，as和which可指代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。which引导的非限制性定语从句，一般表示某事的状况或结果，只能出现在主句之后。The sun heats the earth，which is very important to us.太阳给地球热量，这对我们来说非常重要。The m

15、an died last night，which is a lie.那个男人昨晚死亡的消息是个谎言。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地特别提醒I have bought the same watch as you have.我买了一块和你的一样的手表。(我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一块)This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块手表。(这手表和我丢的手表是同一块)重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地表四 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when，where，why可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。其含义相当于“介词whi

16、ch”结构，因此常常和“介词which”结构交替使用。There are occasions when(on which)one must give up.任何人都有不得不放弃的时候。Jinan is the place where(in which)I was born.济南是我的出生地。Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer？这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地表五 关系代词或关系副词的判断用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则

17、要用关系副词。This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是去年我呆过的山村。Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记和你一起工作的那些日子。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。This is the movie that/which we talked about.(先行词the movie在定语从句中作talk about的宾语，故用关系代词tha

18、t/which)I dont know the reason why John is absent from the meeting.(先行词the reason在定语从句中作原因状语，故用关系副词why)重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地特别提醒定语从句引导词的选择要由引导词在从句(注意：不是主句)中所作的成分决定。先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语，选择关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；先行词在从句中作状语，应选择关系副词(where为地点状语，when为时间状语，why为原因状语)。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地表六 经常使用非限制性定语从句的场合先行

19、词为独一无二的物体时The sun，which rises in the east，gives us heat and light.太阳从东边升起，给我们发出光和热。先行词是指物的专有名词时The Great Wall，which is called in Chinese“The Ten Thousand Li Great Wall”，is actually more than 6，000 kilometers long.长城，中国人称作“万里长城”，实际上6，000多公里。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地先行词指物且被指示代词或人称代词所修饰时This is her house，whic

20、h was built last year.这是她的房子，是去年建的。定语从句修饰整个主句时He is from Australia，which I know from his accent.他是美国人，这一点我从他的口音可以断定。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【定语从句对比练习】This is one of the most interesting plays_shown last week.This is the very one of the most interesting plays_shown last week.Awhich was Bthat wasCwhich were

21、 Dthat were He has two brothers，_are college students.He has two brothers，and_are college students.A.both of which Bboth of whomCboth of them Dboth of it 12重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地He still lives in the apartment_window faces to the east.He still lives in the apartment，the window_faces to the east.He still

22、 lives in the apartment_is in the north of the city.He still lives in the apartment_there is a beautiful table.Awhich Bwhose Cwhere Dof which 3重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地_leaves the hall last ought to turn off the lights._who leaves the hall last ought to turn off the lights._who leave the hall last ought to

23、 turn off the lights.AAnyone BWhoCThose DWhoever4重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地_we all know，China is abundant in natural resources._is wellknown that China is abundant in natural resources._is wellknown，China is abundant in natural resources.AWhich BAs CIt DThat 答案1.DB2.BC3.BDAC4.DAC5.BCB5重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地最近某高

24、中拟开展以“校园拒绝零食”为主题的活动。假如你是该校学生会主席，请你以学生会的名义，参考下面的内容提示，给全校学生写一封倡议书。内容提示：1描述吃零食的现象；2阐述吃零食的影响；3提出合理化的建议。倡议书重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地注意：1.词数100左右，开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)；2参考词汇：snacks零食；phenomenon现象Dear fellow students，There is a serious phenomenon in our school._重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【写作分析】第一步：认真审题一审体裁：本文要求写一篇倡议书，属于记叙文范畴。二审

25、格式：倡议书不同于演讲稿，格式一般按照书信格式就可以，时态多用一般现在时，用第一人称较合适。三审结构：这类文章一般是提出问题，阐述这种问题的影响，再提出解决问题的建议。可以适当使用祈使句，以增强倡议书的号召力度。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地第二步：提炼要点1a waste of2in addition3lead to fatness and illness4What is worse.5not.any more重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地第三步：扩点成句1Eating snacks is a bad habit as well as a waste of money.2Eati

26、ng snacks improperly may lead to fatness and illness.What is worse，some students throw the wrappers everywhere，which is a bad behaviour and pollutes our campus.3Remember that three regular meals a day as well as a balanced diet are essential for us.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【品味佳作】Dear fellow students，There

27、is a serious phenomenon in our school.We find many students will crowd in the school store to buy snacks after each class.Some students even eat snacks in class.Eating snacks is a bad habit as well as a waste of money.In addition，most snacks are unhealthy food，for they contain too much fat and sugar

28、.Eating snacks improperly may lead to fatness and illness.What is worse，some students throw the wrappers everywhere，which is a重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地bad behaviour and pollutes our campus.Dear fellow students，we shouldnt act like kids any more.We high school students should develop good habits.Remember th

29、at three regular meals a day as well as a balanced diet are essential for us.Lets form good eating habits and say no to snacks!Students Union重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【名师点津】1本文是一封倡议书。作者按照提出问题，分析问题，解决问题的思路呈现观点。文中运用了很多经典短语：as well as，in addition，lead to，what is worse等。作者巧妙地添加句式结构，使文章流畅自然。如：In addition，most sn

30、acks are unhealthy food，for they contain too much fat and sugar.Eating snacks improperly may lead to fatness and illness.2文章使用一般现在时，条理性强，很有说服力。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地3亮点句式：We find many students will crowd in the school store to buy snacks after each class.Eating snacks is a bad habit as well as a waste o

31、f money.What is worse，some students throw the wrappers everywhere，which is a bad behaviour and pollutes our campus.Remember that three regular meals a day as well as a balanced diet are essential for us.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【写作模板】Dear fellow students，There is a serious phenomenon in _ourschool.We find_

32、(发现的问题)Eating snacks is_as well as_(危害一)In addition，_(危害二)Eating snacks improperly may lead to_(危害三)What is worse，_(危害四)Dear fellow students，we shouldnt_(倡议一)We high school students should develop good habits.Remember_(倡议二)Lets_(倡议三)！重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地“介词关系代词”考点分析总的说来，选择介词不外乎三条：一是根据句子意思表达的需要；二是根据从句中

33、动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配；三是根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配。考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯(1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.1重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music.注：有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分，此时它们的位置

34、应注意。如：The boy(whom)my sister is looking after is getting better.不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.(2)看定语从句中形容词或分词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【即时训练】I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.Before I co

35、uld recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction_she had come.Aof which Bby whichCin which Dfrom whichHe was educated at the local high school，_he went on to Beijing University.Aafter which Bafter thatCin which Din that重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如：This is our class

36、room，in the front of which there is a teachers desk.Ill never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me.【即时训练】We saw several natives advancing towards our party,and one of them came up to us _we gave some bells and glasses.Ato which Bto whomCwith whom Dwith which2重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地考查根据句意确定介词Tom

37、，by whom the window was broken，has been criticized by his teacher.I am looking for my glasses，without which I cant watch TV clearly.【即时训练】Eric received training in computer for one year，_he found a job in a big company.Aafter that Bafter whichCafter it Dafter this3重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地考查表示所属关系的of which

38、 whomOn the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence，the meaning of which I dont understand.【即时训练】It is reported that two schools，_are being built in my hometown，will open next year.A.they both Bwhich bothCboth of them Dboth of which4重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地考查表示整体与部分关系的of which whomI have five English dict

39、ionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.The buses，most of which were already full，were surrounded by an angry crowd.I met the fruitpickers，several of whom were university students.【即时训练】I was given three books on cooking，the first_I really enjoyed.Aof that Bof whichCthat Dwhich5重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地6考查表示同位关系的of which whomHer sons，both of whom work abroad，rang her up this morning.【即时训练】Last week，only two people came to look at the house，_wanted to buy it.Anone of them Bboth of whomCnone of whom Dneither of whom答案DABBDBD