江苏省如东高级中学2022届高三上学期第一次学情检测英语试题 WORD版含答案.doc

1、20212022学年度第一学期期初学情检测高 三 英 语第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In a hotel.B. At home.C. In a restaurant.2. How much should one pay for a d

2、ress if its normal price is $100?A. $50.B. $75.C. $100.3. What does the woman think of the price?A. Too high.B. Too low.C. Reasonable.4. What is the mans attitude toward the woman?A. Angry.B. Worried.C. Appreciative.5. Why does the woman learn Spanish?A. She will study in Madrid.B. She will travel t

3、o Madrid.C. She will move to Madrid.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. Why is the woman upset?A. Her laptop broke.B. She lost her laptop.C. Her desktop computer broke.7. Wha

4、t will the woman probably do?A. Buy a new laptop.B. Repair her laptop.C. Buy a desktop computer.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. Who got married?A. The mans sister.B. Bettys sister.C. The womans sister.9. What is Bettys dream?A. To find her true love.B. To find a man to marry.C. To be on top of the world.听第8段材料，回答

5、第10至12题。10. What does the woman need?A. A project.B. A hand.C. Some tape.11. What do we know about the two speakers?A. They are both busy.B. They need to help each other.C. They do the same project.12. What does the woman think is important?A. Staying in control.B. Getting out of hand.C. Making good

6、 preparations.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. Where is Tom now?A. In the office.B. At a meeting.C. On the road.14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Neighbors.B. Colleagues.C. Boss and customer.15. What is the man late for?A. An interview.B. A meeting.C. An appointment.16. Who will the

7、man call next?A. Eric.B. Sue.C. Jacks.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What does the speaker mainly talk about?A. Ways to learn a language.B. The importance of English.C. The efficiency of regular study.18. How long do experts suggest studying every day?A. A few hours.B. 30 minutes.C. 20 minutes.19. What is th

8、e recommended way to learn a language?A. Several tasks at a time.B. One task at a time.C. Learning grammar first.20. What will it lead to if one watches TV repeatedly?A. Too much time wasted.B. Progress only in pronunciation.C. A good command of the language.第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.

9、5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ADo you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someones life? If yes, dont care about sex or age! Come and join us, then youll make it!Position: Volunteer Social Care Assistant (No Pay with Free Meals)Place: ManchesterHo

10、urs: Part TimeWe are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives! Only 4 days left. Dont miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!Role:You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives. You will

11、help them to develop new skills. You will help them to protect their rights and their safety. But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.Skills and Experience Required:You will have the right values and great listening skills. You will be honest and patient. You will have the abili

12、ty to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since youll have to help those people with different learning disabilities. Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you.21. What is the purpose of the article?A. To carry an advertisement.B. To send an i

13、nvitation.C. To leave a note.D. To present a document.22. What is the volunteers primary responsibility? A. To help people with learning disabilities to learn new living skills.B. To help people with learning disabilities to get some financial support.C. To help people with learning disabilities to

14、properly protect themselves.D. To help people with learning disabilities to realize their own importance.23. Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?A. The one who can drive a car.B. The one who can speak English fluently.C. The one who has relevant work experience.D. The one who h

15、as the patience to listen to others.BOne of the greatest challenges in caring for such intelligent animals as chimpanzees (猩猩) is providing them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Project Chimps receive morning and evening food-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are alwa

16、ys looking for more ways to keep the chimps mentally engaged. With 79 chimpanzees, each with their distinctive personality, care staff often find that different chimps react differently to new enrichment.Last year, we began inviting musicians to perform for chimps to see how they may respond. A viol

17、in performance received quite the response. Additional musicians were lined up to visit but the corona-virus has stopped the activities, which we hope to resume in the near future.This past week, we brought an electric piano for the chimps to investigate. Some chimps, like twins Buttercup and Claris

18、se, were immediately interested and could not wait to tap out a few notes. Others, like Emma, were more interested in trying to take it apart. 29-year-old Precious has very little tolerance for the piano. She sat off to the side for a few minutes, but eventually she decided that was enough. She call

19、ed an end to the enrichment session by throwing a handful of waste at the piano. Receiving her message loud and clear, we removed the piano.We could never have guessed how 33-year-old Luke would react to it. As with many retired lab chimpanzees, Luke has some anxiety issues. He seems particularly di

20、strustful of anything new, including people, food, and enrichment. But when we presented the chimps with the piano, Luke was the first to investigate. We could not believe our eyesthis usually anxious chimpanzee bravely chose to explore something new!To us at Project Chimps, this is what it is all a

21、bout: giving chimpanzees the freedom to choose. We are honored to be part of their journey.24. Why do chimpanzees respond differently to new enrichment?A. They are of different genders.B. They have natural curiosities.C. They are as intelligent as humans.D. They have their unique characters.25. Who

22、showed the least interest in the piano?A. Buttercup and Clarisse.B. Emma.C. Precious.D. Luke.26. What does the underlined word “resume” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Continue.B. Suspend.C. Monitor.D. Manage.27. What is the text mainly about?A. How caregivers care for the retired chimpanzees.B. What care st

23、aff do to enrich chimpanzees daily life.C. How chimpanzees are trained through various enrichment.D. What Project Chimps does to observe and study wild chimps.CNotre Dame Cathedral in Paris was badly damaged in the fire. It was heartbreaking and it sounded the alarm for the protection of cultural re

24、lics (遗迹) at the same time. It would have been better to have three-dimensional scans before.3D scanning technology can be used to scan both inside and outside of an important cultural relic to get accurate 3D data and then a 3D printer is used to copy a smaller version, which will be very useful fo

25、r the repair work. In order to obtain accurate data about cultural relics, the experts use high-tech three-dimensional laser (激光) scanner and other means to describe the shape of the original cultural relics very accurately. Then, the model is printed out by a 3D printer. Finally, the copied cultura

26、l relics are processed, including surface color, decoration processing and so on. Three-dimensional printing technology has a very apparent advantage. It can adjust the size of prints according to the need, and can easily obtain one-third and one-half of the size of original cultural relics. This is

27、 difficult or even impossible to do in traditional reproduction. At present, all parts of China are accelerating the digital protection of cultural relics and recording ancient cultural relics with modern science and technology. For example, the Yungang Grottoes (石窟) Research Institute, together wit

28、h the digital team of the Institute of Cultural Heritage of Zhejiang University, has restored the third grotto of Yungang Grottoes at a ratio (比例) of 1: 1 for two years. Throughout the process of restoration of 3D printed cultural relics, the probability of secondary damage caused by human touch is

29、low, and the artistic value of cultural relics can be rebuilt to the maximum degree. The world can appreciate the beauty of classical cultural relics more deeply.28. Why is Notre Dame Cathedral mentioned in the first paragraph?A. To raise peoples awareness of safety.B. To serve as an introduction to

30、 the topic.C. To remind people of the famous building.D. To appeal for preservation of cultural relics.29. What is the obvious advantage of 3D technology compared with traditional reproduction?A. It can save a lot of professionals.B. It can reproduce cultural relics as what they were. C. It can chan

31、ge the shapes of the original cultural relics.D. It can help resize the reproductions of the cultural relics.30. What can be known about using 3D technology in reproducing cultural relics from the last paragraph?A. No further damage is done while repairing.B. Their artistic value is regained as much

32、 as possible.C. The digital models will replace the original cultural relics.D. Handwork in reproducing cultural relics will disappear soon.31. What can be a suitable title of the text?A. 3D Printing in ChinaB. Protection of Cultural RelicsC. Development of 3D TechnologyD. 3D Technology in Cultural

33、Relics RestorationDMy two- and four-year-old boys love to win, whether theyre racing their bikes down the sidewalk or just finishing their snacks. Its true that those with high status, from world leaders and prize winners to athletes and movie stars, are people we like and respect. A recent study pu

34、blished in Nature Human Behaviour showed that we seem to have an innate (天生的) preference for high-ranking people but only if those people arent hurtful toward others.Researchers showed toddlers (aged 21 to 31 months) a scene where two puppets (木偶) approached one another from opposite sides of a stag

35、e and one bowed to let the other pass first. Asked which puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 toddlers in the experiment reached for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this suggests that children have a preference for those with a higher sta

36、tus even before age three.However, the results were quite different when two puppets approached one another and one used force to knock the other down before continuing to the other side. In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked down. As the researchers concluded, “Whe

37、n approaching others, very young children care not only who wins, but also how.” The previous experiment has shown that toddlers know about social status but this experiment went one step further by proving they have an obvious preference for high status. Since the participants were so young, this m

38、ight even be an innate human preference.In a word, this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others. So, when my four-year-old thinks that he has to get his shoes on first, Ill keep reminding him that helping his brother so they

39、 both finish faster is what winning is all about.32. What do we tend to do according to the first paragraph?A. Admire high-ranking people.B. Take advantage of high status.C. Seek challenges all the time.D. Hurt others with offensive words.33. Why did toddlers prefer the puppet allowed to pass?A. It

40、looked lovely.B. It seemed polite.C. It behaved smartly.D. It was respected.34. What can we infer from the latter study?A. People naturally dislike unkind behavior.B. Slower people are better loved by toddlers. C. Toddlers care little about high social status.D. Being helpful contributes to being su

41、pported.35. What should we do when we encourage children to win?A. Instruct them to use proper and creative ways.B. Advise them to be as hardworking as possible.C. Remind them to be considerate to other people.D. Tell them to try to cooperate with someone else. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选

42、项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。In many cases, online classes can be a gift to college students everywhere. Theyre different from traditional classes in many ways. 36 So what exactly do students love about taking online classes?A flexible scheduleOne thing that many college students probabl

43、y dislike about traditional classes is that theyre inflexible. There is usually a specific schedule you need to follow. By contrast, online classes are much more flexible. 37 Flexibility with your classes also gives you the chance to make time for other important things in your life like working a j

44、ob to earn some money, spending time with friends and family.A comfortable learning environmentOnline classes offer you a comfortable environment in which you can learn. Because you dont have to physically attend classes, youll have the chance to work from wherever you want. 38 If you would rather d

45、o your work in your bedroom in the comfort of your own home, you have complete freedom to do that as well. 39 Another great thing about online classes is that there are quite a variety to choose from. You can find practically any degree program you want online to help you advance in your education a

46、nd career. So, no matter what you want to study, chances are that theres something out there thats a perfect fit for you.Easy access to your textbooksSince your classes are online, its likely that your textbooks will be easily accessible online as well. Whats more, they will probably not be all that

47、 expensive. 40 This is highly convenient, especially if you prefer using online textbooks so that you wont have to haul (拖着) a physical copy around or worry about misplacing it somewhere.A. Advances in your education.B. A variety of courses and programs.C. They can be a welcome relief for students.D

48、. You can access them online for little to no charge.E. So if you prefer learning and getting work done in a cafe, go to a cafe.F. It means you have the opportunity to do your work whenever you see fit.G. Online classes are a great option for those efficient at schedule management.第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30

49、分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Nancy is a kindergarten teacher in Mason City. One day Camden, one of the 4-year-old boys in her class, came to her with a 41 about his dad, Derreld. Nancys heart 42 seeing this little boy so 43 and upset. She promised Camde

50、n that she would do whatever she could to assist. He believed her and knew that she would keep her 44 .The moment school was out, Nancy rushed to the 45 . She had done all the required tests and 46 all the necessary paperwork. Finally, she was given the 47 by her doctors, and she was told that she w

51、as a 48 match.The day had finally arrived. The doctors that were 49 the procedure were the best transplant surgeons in the hospital. In fact, 50 the surgeons had done everything in their power for the procedure to be a success, there were no 51 . There was always that chance that it wouldnt work. 52

52、 , Derrelds body accepted Nancys kidney (肾).A teachers 53 is to teach the kids in her class information that will help them for the rest of their school career and life. However, this teacher went 54 her duty when one of her pupils 55 her.41. A. gift B. secret C. note D. promise42. A. racedB. pounde

53、dC. failed D. sank 43. A. sad B. excited C. curious D. annoyed44. A. state B. wordC. positionD. balance45. A. house B. playground C. hospital D. office46. A. filled out B. looked through C. took down D. handed out47. A. advice B. medicineC. refusalD. permission48. A. worrying B. temporaryC. perfectD

54、. abnormal49. A. performingB. makingC. following D. using50. A. if B. whenC. the instantD. even though51. A. resultsB. rewardsC. guaranteesD. qualities52. A. NormallyB. FortunatelyC. InitiallyD. Directly53. A. expectationB. honourC. descriptionD. responsibility54. A. beyondB. withinC. towardsD. oppo

55、site55. A. scaredB. trustedC. comfortedD. suspected第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。Yuan Longping, 56 Chinese scientist who developed many high-yield rice 57 (variety) that helped feed people around the world, passed away on Saturday at a hospital in the so

56、uthern city of Changsha. On Saturday afternoon, large crowds honored the scientist by marching past the hospital, calling out “Grandpa Yuan, have a good journey!”Yuan spent his life researching rice and was a household name in China, known by the nickname “Father of Hybrid Rice.” It was in the 1970s

57、 that Yuan achieved the breakthroughs, 58 made him a household name. He developed a hybrid strain of rice that recorded an annual yield 20% 59 (high) than other species meaning it could feed an extra 70 million people 60 (annual).Worldwide, 20 percent of all rice now comes from species 61 (create) b

58、y hybrid rice following Yuans breakthrough discoveries. His work helped transform China from “food deficiency” 62 “food security” within three decades, according to the World Food Prize, which was started in 1986 63 (recognize) scientists and others who have improved the quality and 64 (available) o

59、f food. Yuan 65 (award) “the Medal of the Republic” for his outstanding contribution to Chinas food security, agricultural scientific development and world food supply.第四部分 写作（共两节 满分40分）第一节 （满分15分）假定你是李华，你喜爱的Global Mirror周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见。请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容包括：1. 说明你是该报的忠实读者；2. 说明该报的优点；3. 提出建议并祝福。注意：1.

60、词数80左右，开头语已为你写好； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Editor-in-chief,Congratulations on the 5th anniversary of Global Mirror! 答 案 写 在 答 题 纸 上 Yours sincerely,Li Hua第二节 （满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Carter enjoyed riding the school bus home. The ride home gave him some time to relax after a busy day of fi

61、fth grade. He usually sat alone and enjoyed that too. With four siblings (兄妹) he didnt get much time alone. Sometimes he sat with his younger brother, Jackson, but Jackson was sick at home today.The bus stopped and the tallest boy in his class, Dexter, stepped off followed by his younger brother, Bi

62、lly. As the bus pulled away, Carter looked back over his shoulder to watch the boys. Dexter was yelling and waving his hands at his little brother. Billy said something Carter could not hear. Dexter yelled, gave his younger brother a hard shove (推) and knocked him to the ground. Billy was on the gro

63、und wiping at his eyes, but Dexter walked away.Carter turned in his seat, feeling disgusted. He hated seeing little kids get picked on (欺负). The sight of Billy on the ground crying was burned into his memory. He tried to think of something else.He thought of the model car he was working on at home,

64、a 1967 Corvette. He started building it over a week ago and just finished putting it together last night. Tonight, as soon as he finished his homework, he could start painting the car. That was his favorite part. He already had the perfect color of blue picked out.He hurried off the bus, ran through

65、 his yard, and breezed through the kitchen with a quick hello to his mom. She was making spaghetti, which smelled delicious. He ran up the stairs two at a time and rushed into his room.“Surprise!” his brother Jackson said, throwing his arms into the air. “What are you doing in my room? I thought you

66、 were sick!”“I feel better!”“Whats on your face? Are you bleeding?”“No! Im not bleeding.” Jackson wiped at his face. “Its probably just paint. Look! Look what I did!” He pointed at the desk in the corner of Carters room.注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2. 续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好。Paragraph 1:Carter looked down at h

67、is desk in horror. 答 案 写 在 答 题 纸 上Paragraph 2:Carter took a deep breath and then unfolded his fist. 答 案 写 在 答 题 纸 上20212022学年度第一学期期初学情检测高 三 英 语 参考答案及评分标准第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）1-5 CBABB6-10 ACCAC11-15 AACBB16-20 CABAC第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)21-23 ADC24-27 DCAB28-31 BDBD32-35 ADAC第二节（

68、共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）36-40 CFEBD第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）41-45 BDABC46-50 ADCAD51-55 CBDAB第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）56. a57. varieties58. which59. higher60. annually 61. created62. to.63. to recognize 64. availability65. was awarded第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）Dear Editor-in-chief,Cong

69、ratulations on the 5th anniversary of Global Mirror! Im a regular reader of your newspaper. I like it so much that I hardly miss any copy.There are many advantages of Global Mirror. Firstly, it covers both national and international news. By simply turning the pages, I can know all important events

70、that have happened both home and abroad. Besides, the success stories of world-famous people are also attractive to me, from whom I can learn a lot.As a senior 3 student, I plan to major in English in university. Therefore, I suggest that it provide tips on English learning. Finally, I hope Global M

71、irror will become more and more popular. Yours sincerely, Li Hua第二节 读后续写（满分25分）Paragraph 1Carter looked down at his desk in horror. His Corvette! Jackson had painted it red. An awful dull shade of red! “Why would you do that?” Carter shouted. “I wanted to surprise you!” Jackson grinned, with his eye

72、s glittering. Carter could feel the anger growing, bubbling up inside him, his hands curling into fists. Jackson kept saying something excitedly, but so angry was Carter that he couldnt even hear a word. “Do you like it? I tried so hard. Look!” asked Jackson. Red paint was smeared across his face, f

73、orehead, even hair. Looking at Jackson, Carter couldnt help imagining how his little brother spent the whole day carefully painting the car.Paragraph 2Carter took a deep breath and then unfolded his fist. Picturing the scene that Billy sit on the ground wiping at his eyes as his big brother Dexter w

74、alked away, Carter stepped toward the table, where the car was still drying. Carter wasnt sure what to say. He didnt want to lie, but he didnt want to hurt his brothers feelings either. Jackson was only trying to surprise him. He could see that now. “Do you? Do you like it?” Jackson insisted. “Every

75、 time I look at this car, Im going to think of you,” Carter responded, a smile crept across his face. And that was the truth. “Now, wed better get that paint off your face before dinner.”分值说明：选择题部分95分1. 听力1-20题，1.5分1题，共30分；2. 阅读理解21-35题，2.5分1题，共37.5分；3. 阅读“七选五”36-40题，2.5分1题，共12.5分；4. 完形填空41-55题，1分1题

76、，共15分。非选择题部分共55分1. 语法填空56-65题，1.5分1题，共15分；2. 应用文写作，15分；3. 读后续写，25分。听 力 材 料Text 1M: What do you think of the food, Tina?W: I love the salad. I used to throw away salad, but now I eat it all.Text 2W: There is a sale at the store and all the clothes are 25 percent off.M: Lets go there after work this a

77、fternoon. Text 3W: These shoes are nice. How much do they cost?M: They cost $250.W: What? Theyre not that nice!Text 4W: I have decided on a topic for my graduate paper, but havent actually started it.M: You are late. Im afraid you dont have enough time to complete the paper.Text 5M: I heard you are

78、taking a Spanish class at the community college.W: Yes, Im going to Madrid next spring and I thought knowing a little Spanish would make the trip easier.Text 6M: Hi, Linda. How are you?W: Im a little upset.M: Oh, no. Whats wrong?W: My laptop broke this morning.M: Oh, dear. Will you get it repaired o

79、r get a new one? W: I havent decided yet. But I actually want a desktop computer.M: Why?W: Well, my laptops battery didnt last very long, and desktop computers always have power.Text 7M: Hello, Chuck! You didnt show up the whole day yesterday. Where had you been?W: I went to attend my sisters weddin

80、g ceremony.M: You mean Betty?W: Yeah, after waiting for so many years, she finally got married!M: I know. She has been trying to find her true love.W: Well, yesterday she achieved her dream. The bridegroom is a handsome and promising young man.M: Wow, so she must have been on cloud nine yesterday!W:

81、 Yeah, she was on top of the world. Text 8M: What are you working on, Susie? W: Im working on a project.M: Can I lend you a hand?W: No. But I need some tape. Do you have any on hand?M: Yes, I do.W: Great, thanks. I need to finish this tomorrow.M: Youre very busy this week. W: I am. I also have visit

82、ors coming. I need to prepare for them.M: Wow, you have your hands full. W: I know. I need to be more organized.M: Me, too.W: Do you feel things get out of hand sometimes?M: Yeah, sometimes.W: I do, too. But its important to stay in control.Text 9M: Sue! Its Tom. Im stuck in traffic. Im on the highw

83、ay and theres an accident. The exit is blocked. Im going to try another route. It is raining very hard and I dont know what to do.W: Okay, Tom, calm down. Just drive slowly and be careful. M: Okay, I will. I dont think Im going to make it to the meeting on time.W: Thats okay. What would you like to

84、do?M: I guess you can hold it without me and talk about the things I was going to discuss.W: Well, I dont know if Im very comfortable covering your topics because I dont know them very well.M: What else can I do? W: Did you talk to Eric?M: I couldnt get hold of him. W: Did you ask to speak to his se

85、cretary Jacks?M: No, Ill try that. Ill call you back. Text l0Learning a new language like English can be a challenge, but with regular study it can be done. Classes are important, but so is disciplined practice. It can even be fun. Here are some guidelines to help you improve your reading and compre

86、hension skills and become a better English student.Learning any new language is a time-consuming process. Rather than try a few hours of review in once or twice a week, most experts say short, regular study sessions are more effective. As little as 30 minutes a day can help you improve your English

87、skills over time.Instead of focusing on one single task for the entire study session, try mixing things up. Study a little grammar, then do a short listening exercise, then perhaps read an article on the same topic. Dont do too much, 20 minutes on three different exercises is plenty. The variety wil

88、l keep you engaged and make studying more fun.Reading English-language newspapers and books, listening to music, or watching TV can also help you improve your written and verbal comprehension skills. By doing so repeatedly, youll begin to unconsciously absorb things like pronunciation, speech patterns, accents, and grammar.