2022版高考英语 Unit 1 Great scientists Part 3 Using Language练习（含解析）新人教版必修5.docx

1、Part 3Using Language基础过关练.单词拼写1.As can be seen from the(图表),more and more people own cars in China now.2.Proper ways of education have (积极的) influence on childrens growth and development.3.The museum has been brought to life thanks to a (有创造力的)designer from China.4.The engine was broken. He (旋转) the

2、 wheel sharply.5.As President Xi Jinping pointed out in his important speech, there is only one Earth in the(宇宙).6.When he was waiting at the roadside and saw a car passing by, he took two steps(向后地). 7.Students should learn to(拒绝) improper requests of their peers.8.You must be(小心的) while you are vi

3、siting a zoo, for some animals are fierce and dangerous!9.Wearing loose clothing gives you greater freedom of m.10.Some scientists who have c greatly to China were awarded “Medal of the Republic”.选词填空make sense, prepare for, be strict with, lead to1.Smoking and drinking maya rise in blood pressure.2

4、.The students are occupied in taking exercise, the coming sports meeting.3.Students hope that their teachers are knowledgable andthem reasonably.4.Some poems may notand even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.单句语法填空1.With time(permit), well go to visit the Great Wall.2.His new

5、 suggestion(reject), which made him upset.3.We are living in the time with rapid and(revolution)change around us.4.She is so stubborn that I think there is no sense in(argue)with her.5.I dont want anyone else to hear, so I want to speak to you(private).6.Students fresh from college tend to be(enthus

6、iasm) about their first jobs.完成句子1.只有父母和孩子都改变态度,这种局面才能改善。(“only+状语从句”置于句首)Only when both parents and children change their attitudes .2.他和他的父母这个假期都不去旅行,因为他们都很忙。 his parentsgoing to travel this holiday, for they are all busy.3.这是两国关系能够得到继续发展的基础。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)This is the relationship between the tw

7、o countries can continue to develop.课文语法填空There was1time when the powerful Christian Church believed God had made the world. For that reason the earth2(think)to be the centre of the solar system then. However,3the 1510s, Copernicus mathematical calculations led to the same4(conclude):the earth was n

8、ot the centre of the solar system. Instead, the centre of the solar system is the sun. As the Christian Church was very5(power)at Copernicus times, he couldnt tell people in public about the theory because it was6(complete)against the Christians belief. In order to avoid punishment, he kept his theo

9、ry until he7(lie)dying in 1543.Certainly,he was right to be careful.The Christian Church rejected his theory,8(say)it was against Gods idea and those9supported it would be attacked.Now his theory is considered 10the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

10、能力提升练.阅读理解(2021山西大学附属中学高二上十月月考,)Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Dozens of women have won the Nobel Prize, one of the highest honors in the world. Some female scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been di

11、fficult for women to be successful scientists.In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for her discoveries of the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils(化石)in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts

12、of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons (骨架)of several animals that no longer existed on earth. She didnt become famous for her discoveries at that time because she

13、 often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Cu

14、rie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time that became famo

15、us as a scientist.1.What does the author think of female scientists according to Paragraph 1?A.They go through difficulties to be successful.B.They cannot get the highest honors in the world.C.They had better pay more attention to their families.D.They have more opportunities to become successful.2.

16、Why did Mary fail to be famous for her discoveries of fossils?A.She didnt want to be known to anyone.B.They werent worth studying.C.Nobody recognized them.D.She sold them for money.3.What can we know about Marie Curie?A.She finished her college education in Poland.B.She was the first woman to win tw

17、o Nobel Prizes.C.She won the first Nobel Prize before getting married.D.She and her husband won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.4.Whats the text mainly about?A.Ancient discoveries of scientists.B.Some stories of female scientists.C.Successful marriages of female scientists.D.Some female scientists winn

18、ing the Nobel Prize.七选五(2020山东威海高一下期末,)Characteristics of an excellent scientistThe Free Dictionary defines(定义)a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.1 Lets look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.C

19、uriosity2 Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things worked. If a scientist doesnt have the drive to ask questions or even wonder, then he/she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process.Patience3 There are ver

20、y few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If youre an instant-gratification(立即满足的)type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.Ethical(道德的)qualitiesIn order to truly discover

21、 and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve peoples life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect each other in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial(商业的)interests. Stic

22、king to an old belief contradicted(反驳)by evidence is dishonest. 4Working habitsAn excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation, keeping it in mind and recording it.5 He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues

23、 working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.A.Becoming a scientist takes a long time.B.An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.C.It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.D.However, that belief shouldnt be changed without powerful ev

24、idence.E.He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on whats needed.F.To make discoveries in human knowledge, you have to think differently.G.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.概要写作(2021浙江温州十五校联考,)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。School unif

25、orms are becoming more and more popular across the USA. Thats no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sort and label (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and

26、some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the “wrong” clothes.Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rulewanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselv

27、es creates social barriers (障碍); school uniforms tear those barriers down.As in other places, uniforms remind the wearers of their purposes and duties. For example, when a man or woman puts on a police uniform, he or she becomes, for a time, the symbol (象征) of law and order. The uniform means to the

28、 wearer his or her special duties and sends the same message to everyone the wearer meets. People with different jobs wear uniforms of one kind or another. For students, the school uniform reminds them that their task for the six or seven hours when they are in school is to get an education.Some par

29、ents are unhappy about uniforms, saying that school uniforms will affect their childrens “creativity”. Actually, as noted above, the clothes students choose to wear do not necessarily express their individuality. They just copy their classmates. Students have the rest of the day to be as creative as

30、 they like. While theyre in school, their job is to master reading, writing, and mathematics; this should take up all the creativity they have. Mastery of those skills will be good for the students to build up their creativity in every way.Part 3Using Language基础过关练.1.chart2.positive3.creative4.spun5

31、.universe6.backward7.reject/refuse8.cautious/careful9.movement10.contributed.1.lead to2.preparing for3.(are)strict with4.make sense.1.permitting考查with的复合结构。句意:时间允许的话,我们将去游览长城。time和permit之间为逻辑上的主动关系,需用现在分词permitting作宾语time的补足语。2.was rejected考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:他的新建议被拒绝了,这使他非常不高兴。根据句意可知他的新建议被拒绝了,suggestio

32、n与reject之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;从句用的是一般过去时,主句也应用一般过去时;主句主语是单数名词suggestion,故填was rejected。3.revolutionary考查形容词。句意:我们生活在身边发生着快速和革命性变化的时代。此处用来修饰名词change,与rapid并列,故用形容词revolutionary。4.arguing考查非谓语动词。句意:她太顽固了我认为和她争论没有意义。there is no sense in doing sth.做某事是没有意义的。故填arguing。5.privately考查副词。句意:我不想让其他任何人听见,所以要单独和你谈。修饰动

33、词speak应用副词,故填privately。6.enthusiastic考查形容词。句意:刚刚毕业的大学生往往对第一份工作抱有很大热情。be enthusiastic about为固定搭配,意为“对热情”。.1.can this situation be improved2.Neither he nor;are3.the basis on which.1.a考查固定句型。There was a time when.曾经有一段时间。2.was thought考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。分析句子可知,那个时候地球被认为是太阳系的中心,此处需用被动语态;根据语境可知应用一般过去时,主语是the

34、 earth,故填was thought。3.in考查介词。表示在某个世纪某个年代,需用介词in。4.conclusion考查词性转换。lead to表示“导致”,其中to是介词,设空处作to的宾语,表示“结论”,应用名词conclusion。空前有the same修饰,表示“相同的结论”,应用单数,故填conclusion。5.powerful考查词性转换。此处需用形容词powerful作表语,表示“有权势的”。pletely考查词性转换。此处需用程度副词completely作状语。7.lay考查时态。until引导时间状语从句,从句主语为he,设空处为从句谓语;根据in 1543可知此处为

35、过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,故填lay。lie在此处表示“处于,保持(某种状态)”,此时它的过去式是lay。lie表示“撒谎”时过去式是lied。注意区分lie的不同意思对应的过去式和过去分词的写法。8.saying考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空格处在句中作伴随状语,再根据主语The Christian Church与动词say为逻辑上的主动关系可知此处用现在分词作状语。9.who考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为those,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。当先行词为those且指人时,关系代词宜用who不用that。10.as考查介词。be considered as.

36、意为“被认为是”。能力提升练.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了以Mary Anning和Marie Curie为代表的女性科学家的故事。这些女性科学家对人类社会做出了很大贡献。1.A细节理解题。根据第一段末句It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.可知,在作者看来,女性成为成功的科学家是很难的。该句与A选项是同义表达。故选A。 B选项:她们在世界上不能得到最高的荣誉;C选项:她们最好多关注她们的家庭;D 选项:她们有更多成功的机会。2.D细节理解题。根据第三段末句She didnt become famou

37、s for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.可知,她当时并没有因为发现化石而出名是因为她经常卖掉化石来赚钱养家。故选D。A选项:她不想被任何人知道;B选项:它们不值得研究;C选项:没有人接受它们。3.B细节理解题。根据第四段中They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with another scientist.和Marie Curie became the fi

38、rst person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911,this time in Chemistry.可知,1903年,居里夫妇和另一位科学家一起获得了诺贝尔物理学奖,1911年,居里夫人成为第一个获得第二个诺贝尔奖的人,这次是在化学领域。因此可知,她是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选B。A选项(她在波兰完成的大学教育。)与第四段中的she could not get a college education in Poland矛盾;由第四段第四、五两句可排除C选项(她在结婚前获得了第一个诺贝尔奖。)和D选项(她和她的丈夫获得了诺贝尔化学奖。

39、)4.B主旨大意题。文章结构为总分结构,第一段提及了本文的中心话题:Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times.It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.(从古代开始,女性就一直在进行科学发现女性成为成功的科学家一直都是困难的。),然后在后文讲述了Mary Anning和Marie Curie的成功故事。由此可知文章的话题为“女性科学家的故事”。故选B。其中因为居里夫人获得了诺贝尔奖而使D选项具有干扰性,但是Mary Anning

40、没有获诺贝尔奖,故排除D选项。A选项(科学家们的古代发现。)和C选项(女科学家们的成功婚姻。)都具有片面性。【高频词汇】1.dozens of 几十;许多2.honor n.荣誉,光荣3.recognize vt.认可,承认plete adj.完全的,完整的 5.award vt.颁发,授予原句When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons(骨架) of several animals that no longer existed on

41、earth.分析该句是一个主从复合句。其中When引导时间状语从句;to find.为不定式短语作后置定语,修饰the first person;that no longer existed on earth为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词animals。句意当Mary仅12岁的时候,她成了第一个发现几个动物的几乎完整的骨架的人,这些动物在地球上已经不存在了。.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。成功绝非偶然,一定是一些特别的品质和性格才造就了那么多的伟人和成功人士。阅读本文,让我们一起来欣赏这些成功科学家的性格特点吧。1.C空格前指出科学家被定义为对一门或多门学科有专业知识的人,尤其是自然科学或物

42、理科学,由此可知,此处讲的是对科学家这一名词的理解,C项提出,Free Dictionary还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人,符合语境。2.B根据这一段的小标题Curiosity可知,科学家们具备的一个特征就是要有好奇心,B项中的be very curious about things与之符合。3.A根据小标题Patience以及下文提到的“几乎没有其他工作比这个更花费时间了”可知,成为科学家需要很长一段时间,A项与之符合。4.D空格上一句提到,坚持一个没有证据支撑的旧信念是不诚实的,此处提到了belief。D项指出,然而,那个信念要是没有强有力的证据是不能被改变的,恰好是对上一句的补充说明。

43、5.E根据小标题Working habits可知,本段主要谈到工作习惯。空格前提到他们会记笔记;空格后提到他们需要口头和书面地交流他们的想法。比较选项可知,E项中指出他/她可以一个人工作得很好,也可以在团队中工作得很好,取决于需要什么,这也是一种工作习惯和方式,符合语境。.写作指导语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章采取总分结构,主要介绍了校服在美国越来越受欢迎,因为校服有很多好处,但也有人对穿校服不满,作者对此提出了自己的观点进行反驳,间接说明了校服的好处。脉络分析写作建议:写作步骤:寻找关键词;确定主题句;挖掘要点,重构主题句。1.本文中的关键词:School uniforms,benefits

44、,are against,remind,creativity。它们是本文的基础和核心。2.理解本文的结构,确定主题句:(1)文章主题句:School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the USA.(2)段落主旨:第一段引出话题:校服在美国越来越受欢迎,因为校服有很多好处。(School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the USA, because they offer many benefits.)第二段指出:有些人反对严格的校服规定,但校服满足了学

45、生想穿得和同学一样的愿望,这可以消除社会障碍。(Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students want to look just like their friends. School uniforms satisfy this wish of students and can tear social barriers down.)第三段指出:制服是对目的和责任的提醒,而校服提醒学生接受教育是他们的任务。(Uniforms remind the w

46、earers of their purposes and duties, and school uniforms remind students that their task is to get an education.)第四段指出:一些家长指责孩子穿校服缺乏创造力,但真正的创造力是建立在他们通过学校教育掌握知识和技能的基础上的。(Some parents think uniforms will discourage students creativity. But the real creativity is based on students knowledge and skills

47、through education.)3.书写时注意使用适当的衔接词衔接这些要点,使上下句之间具有连贯性。One possible version:School uniforms prevail throughout the USA as they benefit students a lot. (要点1)While some people are opposed to them, school uniforms satisfy students desire to dress similarly, which can end social barriers. (要点2)Uniforms are a reminder of purposes and responsibilities, and school uniforms remind students receiving an education is their major task. (要点3)Some parents blame kids being less creative on wearing uniforms, but real creativity is based on their mastery of knowledge and skills through schooling.(要点4)