2021新高考英语一轮复习(山东专用)学案:选修8 UNIT 5 MEETING YOUR ANCESTORS WORD版含解析 (2).doc
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- 2021新高考英语一轮复习山东专用学案:选修8 UNIT 5MEETING YOUR ANCESTORS WORD版含解析 2 2021 新高 英语 一轮 复习 山东 专用 选修 MEETING
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1、Unit 5Meeting your ancestors1anthropologist n. 人类学家 2.human n. 人类3origin n. 起源 4.ruins n. 遗迹;废墟5remains n. 遗迹;遗骸 6.relic n. 遗物;文物7skull n. 颅骨 8.tribe n. 部落9originate v. 起源于 10.prehistoric adj. 史前的11forefather n. 祖先;前辈 12.era n. 时代13ancient adj. 古代的 14.period n. 时期15civilization n. 文明 16.dynasty n. 朝
2、代17emperor n. 皇帝 18.slavery n. 奴隶制度19occupy vt. 攻占;占领 20.sacrifice vt. 牺牲21aggression n. 侵略 22.revolution n. 革命23historical adj. 与历史有关的24historic adj. 有历史意义的1leading figure领先人物2famous figure知名人物3have a good reputation享有盛誉4be known/famous/distinguished as作为而出名5in the history of在历史上6one after another一
3、个接一个地7be considered/regarded as被认为是8be thought of as被认为是9be referred to as被称为10receive high praise受到高度赞扬1With his wise thoughts about nature and the world, Confucius is considered as a great thinker in the history of China.由于对自然和世界的卓越思想,孔子被认为是中国历史上伟大的思想家。2In comparison with Li Bais poems, those by D
4、u Fu were filled with concern about the country.和李白的诗相比,杜甫的诗充满了对国家的担忧。3Knowing that youre interested in famous figures in Chinese history, Im writing to share with you my favourite one.知道你对中国历史上的著名人物感兴趣,我写信告诉你我最喜欢的人物。1Make_full_use_of your passion and kindness to build_a_bridge between you and other
5、s.充分利用你的热情和善良架起你和他人之间的桥梁。2I think Chinese knots are valuable because_they_carry_the_long_history_of_China and cultural meaning which is deeply rooted in them.我认为中国结非常有价值。因为其中包含着中国的悠久历史和深植其中的文化内涵。3It_is_said_that the pirates buried their treasure on this unknown island.据说,海盗把他们的金银财宝埋藏在这个无人知道的岛上。 教材单词
6、写准并记牢.重点单词1acute adj. 有观察力的;敏锐的;严重的;深刻的2alternative n. 可能的选择 adj. 供选择的;其他的3somehow adv. 以方式;不知怎么地4album n. 相册;集邮册;唱片5spit vt. 吐出(唾液;食物等) vi. 吐痰6delete vt. 删;删除7pulse vi. 强烈而有规律地跳动;搏动 n. 脉搏;节拍8category n. 种类;类别;范畴9arrest vt. 逮捕;吸引 n. 逮捕;拘留10kindergarten n. 幼儿园11regardless adv. 不管;不顾.拓展单词1identify vt.
7、 确认;识别;鉴别identification n. 辨认;鉴定identity n. 身份;一致;同一性2archaeology n. 考古学archaeological adj. 考古学的;与考古学有关的archaeologist n. 考古学家3starvation n. 挨饿;饿死starve vi. 挨饿;饿死4accuracy n. 精确;准确accurate adj. 准确的;精确的accurately adv. 准确地;精确地5interrupt vt.& vi. 打断讲话;打岔;暂时中断或中止interruption n. 打断;打岔;中止6assume vt. 假定;设想a
8、ssuming conj. 假设;假定assumption n. 设想;假定;担任7sharpen vi.& vt. (使)锋利;尖锐;清晰;削尖sharp adj. 锋利的sharpener n. 磨具;削具8messy adj. 凌乱的;脏的mess n. 凌乱;脏9analysis n. 分析analyses (pl.)analyse vt. 分析10ripen vt.& vi. 使成熟;成熟ripe adj. 成熟的11significance n. 意义;意思;重要性;重要意义significant adj. 重要的12systematic adj. 有系统的;有计划的;有条理的sy
9、stematically adv. 系统地system n. 系统;制度13academy n. 学院;学会;学术团体;院校academic adj. 学术的14receptionist n. 接待员;招待员receive v. 接收reception n. 接待;接收15division n. 划分;分割;分配;分界线divide v. 分开;分割;划分16applaud vi.& vt. 鼓掌欢迎;赞赏applause n. 鼓掌17accelerate vi. & vt. 加速;促进acceleration n. 加速度18skilful adj. 有技巧的;熟练的skill n. 技能
10、;技巧skilled adj. 熟练的;有技能的.阅读单词1beast n野兽2quilt n被子;棉被3onion n. 洋葱 4skateboard n. 滑板5yogurt n. 酸奶;酸乳酪 6melon n. (各种)瓜7wrinkle n. 皱纹 8spear n. 矛;枪9eyebrow n. 眉毛 10arrowhead n. 箭头11excavate vt. 挖掘;发掘 12craftsmanship n. 技艺;手艺;精工细作13hammer n. 铁锤;锤子 14tentative adj. 试探性的;不确定的15ample adj. 足够的;充足的;富裕的 16scra
11、tch n. (刮、抓、划的)痕迹;搔;挠vt.搔;抓;擦伤;刮坏17dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的;眩晕的;使人发晕或困惑的18primitive adj. 原始的;远古的;简陋的19howl vt.& vi.嗥叫;叫喊;吼叫n长嚎;嗥叫 20worship vt.& vi. 崇拜;敬奉n崇拜;敬神高考与教材1.(2019江苏卷)Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful (skill) hands backaches and painful necks.2(2018江苏卷)With these analyses (analysis)
12、in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have an alternative plan.3(2018天津卷)It took him a long time to acquire the skills (skill) he needed to become a good dancer.4(2017全国卷)UNESCO recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance (significant), and
13、 its potential as a unifying voice across cultures. 教材短语写准并记牢1regardless_of 不管;不顾2at_most 至多;最多3cut_up 切碎4be_fed_up_with 受够了;饱受;厌烦5look_ahead 向前看;为将来打算6date_back_to 追溯到;始于7arrest_sb._for 因而逮捕某人8with_relief 欣慰地9keep_out 阻止进入10turn_to_sb._for_help 向某人求助11be_aware_of 知道;意识到高考与教材(2019北京卷)Regardless_of (
14、不管;不顾) the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure lowincome students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time. 教材句式写准并记牢1.“must have过去分词”表示“对过去的肯定猜测”It must_have_been very uncomfortable.那肯定不舒服。2“keep复合宾语”结构We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick
15、, which suggests that they might have kept_the_fire_burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的灰烬,几乎有六米厚,这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。3as引导的非限制性定语从句Yes, indeed, as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us,_all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.是的,很对,正如植物学的分析结果已经告诉我们的,这儿四周曾是一个很大的浅水湖。4if only. 要是就好了If
16、_only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!要是今年她早有预见,计划得更好些就好了。5only to do sth. 不料;结果,动词不定式作结果状语,表示意料不到的情况Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.她突然坐下来,结果却被她那又笑又嚷的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。高考与教材1.(2019天津卷)I must_have_always_known (肯定早就知道) reading was very i
17、mportant because the first memories I have as a child deal with books.2(2018全国卷)As_is_known_to_all (众所周知), Chinese people attach great significance to good table manners.1现在分词/过去分词用作介词或连词小结assumeassuming 假设;假定includeincluding 包含;包括supposesupposing 假设;假如provideprovided/providing 假设;如果considerconsider
18、ing 鉴于;考虑到concernconcerning 关于givegiven 鉴于;考虑到2名词y 变形容词messmessy 杂乱的tastetasty 可口的;好吃的dustdusty 布满尘土的frostfrosty 结霜的greedgreedy 贪婪的thirstthirsty 口渴的hungerhungry 饥饿的angerangry 生气的fogfoggy 有雾的sunsunny 晴朗的3形容词in 前缀变否定词accurateinaccurate 不精确的expensiveinexpensive 不贵的;便宜的experiencedinexperienced 经验不足的adeq
19、uateinadequate 不充分的appropriateinappropriate 不合适的4无被动语态的动词短语date from/back to 追溯到belong to 属于consist of 由组成come true 变成现实take place 发生break out 爆发高频词汇精讲1alternative n可能的选择 adj.供选择的;其他的Can you think of the alternatives we would use today?你能想出我们今天使用的替代品吗?(1)an alternative to 的替代物(to是介词)have the alterna
20、tive of A or B要么做A,要么做B;在A或B二者中选一个have no alternative/choice/option but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事there is no alternative 别无选择(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地(3)“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式:cant do sth. but do sth.; can do nothing but do sth.(1)单句语法填空The App asks its users to report accidents and other road conditions i
21、n real time, so other users can avoid the traffic by using an alternative route.It was so serious a matter that I had no alternative but to_call (call) the police.(2)完成句子Theres_no_alternative_but to give up the whole plan and start again.除了放弃整个计划重新开始之外,别无选择。2.interrupt vt. & vi.打断讲话;打岔;暂时中断或中止Im sor
22、ry to interrupt you but how could they live here?对不起,打断了你的讲话,但他们怎么能住在这个地方呢?(1)interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.)(因某事)打断某人/某事(2)interruption n打扰;插嘴;阻断物without interruption连续地;不断地(1)单句语法填空They were_interrupted (interrupt) by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.Sorry for the interruption (interrupt) but
23、Id like to remind you its time for the meeting.(2)完成句子His speech was_frequently_interrupted_by stormy applause as soon as he began to make his speech.他一开始演讲就被暴风雨般的掌声不停打断。3assume vt.假定;设想;装出;担任;认为So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.因此我们认为,假设他们不顾严寒就
24、住在这些洞穴里是合理的。(1)assume sb. to be. 认为某人是It is assumed that. 人们认为assuming (that). 假设(引导条件状语从句)(2)assumption n假定;假设make an assumption 做出臆断注意 在英语中,有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词,实际上可直接用作介词或连词。这一类单词有:supposing conj. 假设;假如provided/providing conj. 假设;如果given prep. 鉴于;考虑到considering prep.& conj. 鉴于;考虑到concerning prep. 关于
25、including prep. 包括;包含(1)单句语法填空People are rushing to buy houses assuming (assume) that house prices will continue to go up.He made an assumption (assume) that he would win the case.(2)完成句子It_is_assumed that mental health is related to physical health.一般认为,心理健康和身体健康是有联系的。4.regardless of不管;不顾;不理会某人或某物S
26、o we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.因此我们认为,假设他们不顾严寒就住在这些洞穴里是合理的。(1)regardless of强调“不认为重要”,从而不加以重视或考虑,其后可接whether, what引导的从句(2)despite/in spite of 尽管(但是)(3)as regards/with regard to 关于;至于(1)单句语法填空They continued to work regardless of the fact that it
27、 was raining.(2)完成句子The plan for a new office tower went ahead regardless_of local opposition.不顾当地的反对,新办公大楼的计划继续进行。They had a wonderful holiday, despite/in_spite_of the bad weather.尽管天气不好,他们的假日还是过得极为愉快。I have no complaints as_regards/with_regard_to his work.关于他的工作,我没有什么好抱怨的。5significance n. 意义;意思;重大
28、意义;重要性Few people realized the significance of the discovery.很少有人意识到这一发现的重要性。(1)be of (great/no/little) significance to. 对(很/不)重要attach (great) significance to 认为(很)重要(2)significant adj. 有意义的;意味深长的;重要的;重大的significantly adv. 有重大意义地;显著地;意味深长地(1)单句语法填空The Internet is a wonderful discovery, which I think
29、 is of great significance to peoples lives.The police said there had been a significant (significance) development in the case.(2)完成句子With time going by, I attach_more_significance_to what I am doing now.随着时间的推移,我更加重视我现在所做的了。6date back to 追溯到;远在年代All the objects are from the same excavation site in
30、Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.所有的物品都来自于三星堆的一个挖掘点,时间可以追溯到3 000年到5 000年前。(1)date from 追溯到;起始于(2)out of date 过时up to date 最新的set/fix a date 确定日期注意 date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。作后置定语时,常用现在分词形式。(1)单句语法填空All the photographs in this book, unless stated otherwise,
31、date from the 1950s.Yesterday we visited the temple dating (date) back to the 19th century.(2)完成句子The temple has a long history dating_back_to/which_dates_back_to the early period of the Tang Dynasty.这座寺庙历史悠久,可追溯到初唐时期。7.arrest vt. 逮捕;吸引 n. 逮捕;拘留She had almost reached her destination when a delicious
32、 smell arrested her progress and she stopped.快到目的地的时候,一阵香气扑鼻,她不往前走了,停了下来。He was arrested for possession of illegal drugs.他因私藏毒品而被捕。(1)arrest sb. for 因而逮捕某人get arrested 遭逮捕arrest ones attention 引起注意(2)under arrest 被捕make an arrest 进行拘捕(1)单句语法填空He was_arrested (arrest) for abusing his power.She was un
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