攻坚高考必考重点——高考英语热点动词十五类.doc

1、攻坚高考必考重点 高考英语热点动词十五类动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。此外，英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂，是英语学习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点，在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析，归纳常考动词十五类，供大家参考。一 、连系动词类 连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：1.变化类 表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall 等。2. 感觉类 表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。 3. 状态类 表事物所处的状态，如k

2、eep, come, run, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove 等。4. 外表特征类 表外表给人的印象，如appear, seem, look 等。连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个（如feel， get, become, grow等）外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：The mixture is tasted terrible. （误）The mixture tastes terrible (正)Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in. （误）Jim

3、 pretended to fall /be asleep when his mother came in. (正) Im feeling much better than ever before. It was getting darker and darker. Besides, a cold rain began to fall. 高考例题 （1） Do you like the material?Yes, it _ very soft. (NMET94) A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt （2）Why dont you put the

4、meat in the fridge？It will_fresh for several days. (NMET03)A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed（3）The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A. seatB. seatingC. seatedD. to be seating （04春季高考上海卷）（4）Be careful when you cross this very busy s

5、treet. If not, you may _ run over by a car. （02高考北京卷） A. haveB. getC. becomeD. turn （5）Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _ twenty-one already. （04天津卷）A. becomeB. turnedC. grownD. passed （6）Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party. (04全国卷II)A. get changedB. get changeC. ge

6、t changingD. get to change （7）On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale. （04湖北卷）A. gotB. changedC. wentD. appeared （8）The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海卷）A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt （9）Although he has

7、taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor. （02春上海卷） A. provesB. remainsC. maintainsD. continues （10）I love to go to the seaside in summer. It good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. A. doesB. feelsC. getsD. makes( Key: CBCBB ACBBB ) 二、感官动词类常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, fi

8、nd, catch 等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。 1. 后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it. When you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win. 2. 后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surfac

9、e of the sea, we let out a shout of joy. Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast. 3. 后接V-ed形式表被动意义。After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed. Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken. 高考例题（1）The managers discussed the plan that th

10、ey would like to see _the next year. (NMET2000)A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out（2）A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. (NMET03) A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked （3）The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A. playingB. to be playingC.

11、 playD. to play（4）The salesman scolded the girl who was caught _ and let her off. (NMET93) A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC .to stealD. stealing （5）He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting （04春北京卷）( Key: CBADD) 三、使役动词类表

12、“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send 等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况：1. make, let have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使/让某人/某物做某事”。Dont make him do it if he doesnt want to. If you have any problems, just let me know. 在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中to。He was made to apologize to the gues

13、t. 2. have, keep, leave, send, set, get等后接V-ing形式，表持续性动作。Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long. Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?3. have, keep, leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。He didnt keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired. Ill keep you informed as soon as I have the n

14、ews. 高考例题（1）Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. (04天津卷)A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run （2）Laws that punish parents for their childrens actions against the laws get parents _. （04重庆卷）A. worriedB. to worryC. worryingD. worry （3） Why did you go back to the shop？I left my friend _ t

15、here（03春安徽内蒙古卷）A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. waits （4）It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night. (NMET91) A. to burnB. burnC. burningD. burned（5） Good morning, can I help you? Id like to have this package _, madam. A. be weighedB. weighingC. weighedD. to weigh (NMET89) （6）The speaker raised

16、 his voice but still couldnt make himself _. (NMET91) A. hear B. to hearC. hearing D. heard（7）As you have never been there before, Ill have someone _ you the way.（94上海卷） A. showB. to showC .showingD. showed （8）Paul doesnt have to be made . He always works hard. (NMET95) A. learnB. to learn C. learne

17、dD. learning（9）A computer can do only what thinking people _. （99上海卷）A. have it doB. have it doneC. have done itD. having it done （10）Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the wash?鄄ing machine she had had _ went wrong. （98年上海卷）A. itB. it repairedC. repairedD. to be repaired( Key: BCACC DABAC ) 四、含

18、情感色彩的动词这类动词有excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puz?鄄zle, tire, terrify 等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，V-ing形式指人，V-ed形式则指事物。The story was so moving that ever

19、yone present was moved to tears. What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it. Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit. 高考例题（1）Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _his boss.（2000春北京安徽内蒙古卷）A. servesB. satisfiesC. promise

20、sD. supports（2）Im very with my own cooking. It looks nice smells delicious. Mm, it does have a smell.（02春NMET）A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasantD. pleased; pleasant （3）Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. （03春北京卷）A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; b

21、oredD. tiring; boring （4）It is believed that if a book is_, it will sure?鄄ly_ the reader. （03上海卷）A. interested; interestB. interesting ; be interestedC. interested ; be interestingD. interesting; interest （5）After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones re?鄄turned home _.（04春上海卷）A. being exhaustedB.

22、exhaustedC. exhaustingD. having exhausted ( Key: BDADB) 五、后接不定式动词类afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself.He learned to ride a bicycle when he w

23、as a small boy. 高考例题（1）We agreed_ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (NMET95) A. having metB. meetingC. to meetD. to have met （2）Little Jim should love to the theatre this evening. (NMET92) A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking（3）I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to stud

24、y in the U. S. A. this September. （04辽宁卷） A. to be heardB. to be hearingC. to hearD. to have heard （4）She pretended me when I passed by. (NMET89)A. not to seeB. not seeingC. to not seeD. having not seen （5）Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. （01高考上海卷）A. to tellB. to be t

25、oldC. to be tellingD. to have been told ( Key: CADAD)六、后接V-ing形式动词类该类动词常考的有appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep , mind, miss, practise, postphone, resist, risk, stand, suggest等。这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语。例如：I dont mind waiting, but Ive got to stand in t

26、he cold wind. Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan? Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English. 高考例题（1）I would appreciate back this afternoon. A. you to callB. you callC. your callingD. youre calling （2）While shopping, people

27、 sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.（96年上海卷）A. to persuade B. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded（3）He has always insisted on his _Dr. turner instead of Mr. Turner. （92上海卷）A. been calledB. calledC. being calledD. having called （4）I really appreciate _ to relax

28、with you on this nice island. （04年上海卷）A. to have had timeB. having timeC. to have timeD. to having time （5）Do you mind _ alone at home? （94年上海卷）A. Jane leavingB. Jane having leftC. Janes being leftD. Jane to be left （6）I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the At?鄄lantic Ocean in five days. (NMET91) A

29、. sailB. to sailC. sailingD. to have sailed( Key: CBCBCC)七、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类remember, try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, cant help等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。 见下表：例如：I remember being pad, but Ive forgotten the exact amount. Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write

30、to me. I dont really mean to work here, which means leaving the job soon afterwards. 高考例题（1） The light in the office is still on. (NMET91) Oh, I forgot_. A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off（2） You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. (NMET95) Well

31、, now I regret_that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have done D. having done （3）She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. （97上海卷）A. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleanedD. being cleaned （4） I usually go there by train. (NMET92) Why not by boat for a change? A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to t

32、ry and goD. try going （5） Let me tell you something about the journalists. Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday? （99年高考上海卷）A. toldB. tellingC .to tellD. to have told （6）The library needs _, but Ill have to wait un?鄄til Sunday. (NMET92)A. cleaningB. be cleanedC. being cleanedD. clean （7）In some

33、 parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. （02春上海卷）A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. to be waiting （8）She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. (NMET90) A. restingB. to have restedC. restedD. to rest（9）Go on the other exercise after you have fin?

34、鄄ished this one. (NMET89) A. to doB. doingC. withD. to be doing ( Key: BDADB AADA)八、进行时态表将来意义动词类这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go, come, start, arrive, take, leave, move等。例如：When are going off to for Shanghai? Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month. 高考例题（1）Ive won a holiday for two to

35、 Florida. I _ my mum. （01春NMET）A. am takingB. have takenC. takeD. will have taken（2） What were you doing when he came to see you? （89上海卷） I had just put on my overcoat and _ visit a friend. A. leavingB. was leftC. leftD .was leaving （3） What were you doing when Tony phoned you ? I had just finished

36、my work and to take a shower. （04天津卷） A. had startedB. startedC. have startedD. was starting ( Key: ADD)九、主动表被动动词类英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况： 1.某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词+副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. The pen my fathe

37、r gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 2. 某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open（打开，营业）, close（关门）, shut（关闭）, cut（切割）, weigh（重）, act（上演）等。The door wont shut. This shop opens much earlier than it used to.Each stone weighs 2 tons. 3. 某些不及物动词，如happ

38、en, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版）, come up（出现）, come into being（产生） come to ones mind（想起）, turn out（证明是）, come about（发生）, break out（爆发）, belong to（属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. Suddenly an idea came to his

39、 mind. It never occurred to me to phone you. 高考例题（1）The evening news comes on at seven oclock and _ only thirty minutes. （04全国卷II）A. keepsB. continuesC. finishesD. lasts （2） Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cup?鄄board? （02北京卷） No, dear. They dont _ well. Put them in the fridge instead. A. keepB.

40、fitC. getD. last （3）Books of this kind _ well. ( 99上海卷) A. sellB. sellsC. are soldD .is sold ( key: DAA)十、虚拟语气动词类insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(should)动词原形”。 The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules. The ru

41、le requires that everyone, young or old, man or women, have his car checked once a year. 高考例题（1） How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays. I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable. （04福建卷）A. insistB. wantC. supposeD. suggest （2）Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her p

42、arents suggested that she _ a medical examina?鄄tion. （94上海卷）A. be; should haveB. was; haveC. should be; hadD. was; has （3） _ sent to work here? （02上海卷）A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should ( Key: DBA)十一、省略替代类believe, think,

43、 suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine, would like (love), be afraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接so来替代肯定分句，用not来替代否定分句。或接to来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例如：Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to? Yes, I think so. Will you be able to come to my birthday party? Id love to, but Im too busy. 注

44、意：believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说I believe (think, suppose guess) not，也可以说I dont believe (think, suppose guess) so，但用hope, expect, be afraid作否定回答时，只能说I hope (expect) not以及Im afraid not。高考例题（1）I believe weve met somewhere before. （2000春季北京、安徽、内蒙古卷）No, _.A. it isnt the sameB. it cant be tr

45、ue C. I dont think soD. Id rather not（2） The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they？（03春北京卷） _. A. I guess not soB. I dont guessC. I dont guess itD. I guess not （3） Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _. (NMET94) A. I dont believeB. I dont believe itC. I believe not soD. I belie

46、ve not ( Key: CDD)十二、否定转移类think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect 等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句若为否定结构，常将否定词not前移到主句中。I dont think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work. He doesnt think Tom will make an excellent player. 当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致，

47、否则与主句保持一致。 例如：I dont think there is anything else I need, is there? He doesnt believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself, does he? 高考例题（1）I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _? （01上海卷）A. do IB. dont IC. will theyD. wont they （2）Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a di

48、gital camera, _? （02上海卷）A. is heB. isnt heC. doesnt sheD. does she( Key: C D) 十三、带介词to的动词短语类这类短语有be (get) used to, lead to, devoteto, lookforward to, stick to, object to, get down to, there is no end to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用V-ing形式。 例如：Ive got used to driving in all kinds of weather. As soon as she returne

49、d home from abroad, she got down to preparing supper for children. 注意区分介词to与不定式符号to。He used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left. （used to表“过去常常”，to为不定式符号，be used to表“习惯于”，to为介词）Im looking forward to seeing you soon. ( look forward to意思是“盼望，期待”, to为介词。)He looked forward to

50、 see what was happening. (look forward意为“向前看”, to see是不定式作目的状语。)高考例题 （1）Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. （01上海卷）A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up （2）The discovery of new evidence led to_. （03上海卷）A. the thief having caughtB. catch

51、the thief C. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught （3）She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. （94上海卷）A. visitB. paying a visitC. walkingD. walking in( Key: BCD)十四、瞬间（非延续性动词）类这类动词常考的有go, come, leave, start, return, be?鄄gin, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, clos

52、e, die, be?鄄come, break, join, marry, employ, graduate等。瞬间（非延续性动词）表短暂性的动作，因此不可与表“段时间”的for/since短语或since从句连用。例如：He has come here for three years. （误）He has been here for three years. （正）It is three years since he came here. （正） 高考例题（1）Its ten years since the scientist _ on his lifes work of discoveri

53、ng the valuable chemical. A. made forB. set outC. took offD. turned up （04江苏卷）（2）My uncle _ until he was forty-five. （2000高考上海卷）A. marriedB. didnt marriedC. was not marryingD. would marry（3） _ David and Vicky _ married? （03北京卷） For about three years.A. How long were; beingB. How long have; gotC. How

54、 long have; beenD. How long did; get （4） How long at this job？（03春北京卷） Since 1990. A. were you employedB. have you been employed C. had you been employedD. will you be employed （5）When Jack arrived he learned Mary for al?鄄most an hour. (NMET92) A. had goneB. had set offC. had leftD. had been away （6

55、）They friends since they met in Shanghai. (NMET89) A. have madeB. have becomeC. have beenD. have turned ( Key: BBCBDC)十五、计划未能实现类intend, mean, hope, wish, plan, expect, think, want, suppose等动词用于过去时态，可表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法、打算等。1.该类动词用于过去完成时后接不定式或宾语从句。I had never thought you would bring me such a nice gift. I

56、 had panned to call on you, but I was too busy to get away. 2. 该类动词用于一般过去时后接不定式的完成式或一般式。Id like to have arrive on time, but I was caught on the traffic jam. 高考例题（1）You should have thanked her before you left. I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. （2000春上海卷）A. to doB. toC. do

57、ingD. doing so （2）Why havent you bought any butter?（01春北京安徽内蒙古卷） I _to but I forgot about it. A. likedB. wishedC. meantD. expected（3）I would love _ the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (NMET97) A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone （4）Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? I _, but I had an unexpected visitor.(NMET97) A. hadB. wouldC. was going toD. did( Key: BCBC)