2021版新高考英语一轮复习Module3TheViolenceofNature课后达标检测外研版必修3.doc

1、Module 3 The Violence of Nature (建议用时：45分钟).阅读理解A(2020 新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测) Superstorm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States a few years ago. The winddriven water caused a lot of flooding, especially in the regions subway system. Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future s

2、ubway floods.In New York City alone, Superstorm Sandy caused an estimated $19 billion in damage. Much of the floodwaters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates (通风栅). Those metal grills usually lie at ground level. When the system is shut down ahead of a flood, engineers try to cov

3、er those grates with plywood (胶合板) and sandbags. But the flooding often washes away those measures, which allows water to flow into the tunnels. Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money. Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes. That

4、would raise the grates and cost a lot of money, too.Kyle and Raymond came up with a different, less expensive idea. They designed a metal grate with a builtin, adjustable cover. When trains are running, one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air. But when the system is shut down, that p

5、art can be slid shut to completely block the grate.Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement. Their design includes tamperproof features, which can prevent operation mistakes. They make sure that people

6、dont intentionally shut off airflow during normal conditions. For people with the proper key, it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了几年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。1Whats the second paragraph mainly about?AThe steps to op

7、erate grates.BThe measures to prevent flood.CThe function of plywood and sandbags.DThe disadvantage of present subway system.D解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故选D。2Which of the following words best describes the two teens new invention?ACos

8、tly.BTimesaving.CPractical.DConventional.C解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句“Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.”可知，他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以，他们说这会很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，并放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后一句可推知，新的栅栏操作起来也很方便。故选C。3Whats th

9、e purpose of designing the tamperproof feature?ATo replace the old grate correctly.BTo close the grate ahead of a flood.CTo ensure airflow in normal conditions.DTo stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故选C。4Where does the

10、text most probably come from?AA news report.BAn adventurous story.CAn introduction to new equipment.DA guidebook to making grates.A解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。B(2020山西六校测试)World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspir

11、e people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockho

12、lm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972.Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. E

13、nvironmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.The 2018 World Environment Day was hosted by India, and the theme was Beat Plastic Pollution. It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to

14、 reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which made up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree plantin

15、g and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you wont be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or

16、classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by pl

17、anting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。5Why is World Environment Day set up?ATo make people know more about nature.BTo ask peopl

18、e to help to protect the globe.CTo warn people of the danger of air pollution.DTo encourage people to plan the earths future.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our pl

19、anet is safe”可知，世界环境日的目的是鼓励世界各地的人们积极参与环境保护并学会更多方法来帮助确保我们的地球将来是安全的，故选B。6What do people do on World Environment Day?ADecide a host city.BHold a theme party.CDiscuss environmental ideas.DShow some plastic products.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about envi

20、ronmental topics with others”以及“Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.”可知，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题，故选C。7Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “disposable” in Paragraph 3?AHighcost.BPoorquality.C

21、Secondhand.DSingleuse.D解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”可知，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后面的“which made up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D。8Whats the main idea of the

22、last paragraph?AEvery bit of effort counts.BDoing is better than saying.CMany hands make light work.DNothing is impossible to a willing heart.A解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是一个公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它。所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要(Every bit of effort counts.)，故选A。Doing is bet

23、ter than saying.“行胜于言。”；Many hands make light work.“众人拾柴火焰高。”；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.“有志者事竟成。”.完形填空(2020河北九校联考)As a young girl I dreamed of being a dancer, so my parents let me attend dance classes when I was in first grade. But I _1_ knew the years to follow would teach me so many

24、 life lessons: hard work, leadership, passion(激情).I was a part of dance teams where I learned to dance in _2_ styles such as jazz, tap dance, ballet and so on. Due to my talent and hard work, I quickly _3_ in the teams. However, these classes became too _4_ for my parents when I was 13, leading me n

25、ot to take conventional dance classes for the next four years. I knew we were not _5_ then, so I had no complaint._6_ I was not taking dance classes, I used what I learned in _7_ classes to keep my flexibility and develop my dancing skills. Throughout this time my _8_ for dancing helped me learn how

26、 to be a(n) _9_ as I coached myself, taught my sisters and _10_ my own shows for my family. With the time and hard work in the four years when I _11_ to take dance classes, I was able to be _12_ to my high school dance team.Over the next three years in the team I _13_ myself to be the best dancer. I

27、 managed to involve myself in every dance _14_； I also struggled with many _15_. During the first year on the team both of my ankles hurt several times, and it took me months of _16_. However, my second competition season _17_ patellar tendinitis(肌腱炎) in my knees, which _18_ disturbs me constantly t

28、ill today. Even so, I was able to become a cocaptain of the team and lead them to _19_ the first national championship title in the _20_ of the team!【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了她学习舞蹈的经历，字里行间透露的是作者的毅力和决心。1A.reallyBmerelyCsuddenly DbarelyD解析：根据But的转折和后面的内容“the years to follow would teach me so many life lesso

29、ns: hard work, leadership, passion(激情).”可知，此处应用一个表示否定意义的副词，表示作者不知道接下来几年的舞蹈学习会教她这么多人生课程。barely“几乎不，几乎没有”，符合语境。2A.various BlatestCunique DclassicalA解析：根据下文的“such as jazz, tap dance, ballet and so on”可知，作者学跳各种(various)风格的舞蹈。latest“最新的”；unique“独特的”；classical“古典的”。3A.worked out Btook outCcame out Dstood

30、outD解析：根据上文的“Due to my talent and hard work”可知，由于作者既有天分又勤奋，她很快在舞蹈队里脱颖而出。work out “锻炼身体，计算出”； take out “拿出，提取”； come out “出版，被获知，盛开”； stand out “出色，显眼”。4A.deadly BstrangeCcostly DvaluableC解析：根据下文的“leading me not to take conventional dance classes for the next four years”可知，此处表示因为舞蹈课的费用非常高，父母无力支付，因此作者

31、停止了舞蹈学习。costly是形容词，表示“昂贵的”。5A.happy BcontentCcomfortable DsecureC解析：根据上文作者父母无力支付作者舞蹈学习费用的内容和下文的“so I had no complaint”可知，此处表示作者知道家里并不宽裕，因此她并不抱怨父母。happy“幸福的”；content“满足的”；comfortable“宽裕的，富裕的”；secure“安全的，牢靠的”。6A.Now that BEven ifCAs though DJust whenB解析：根据主句“I used what I learned.develop my dancing sk

32、ills”可以推断出，该空所在的从句是让步状语从句，故用Even if“尽管”。 7A.new BprimaryCprevious DfinalC解析：根据上文可知，作者这几年没有上正规的舞蹈课，由此推断她用以前学到的舞蹈知识来进行练习。primary“主要的，基本的”；previous“先前的”；final“最终的”。8A.energy BadmirationCappreciation DenthusiasmD解析：根据上文可知，在不能上舞蹈课的情况下，作者还在坚持跳舞，由此可以推断出她对舞蹈饱含热情。energy “精力”；admiration “钦佩，羡慕”；appreciation “

33、感激”；enthusiasm “热情”。9A.instructor BperformerCpartner DcontributorA解析：根据下文的“coached myself, taught my sisters”可知，对跳舞的热情帮助作者学习如何做一个教练。instructor “教练，导师”；performer “表演者”；partner “伙伴，同伴”；contributor “投稿人，捐献者”。10A.spoke about Bbacked upCmade up Dput onD解析：根据空后的“my own shows for my family”可知，作者为家人表演节目。put

34、 on“上演”。11A.attempted BfailedCchose DintendedB解析：根据第二段的最后两句可知，作者四年间没有上正规的舞蹈课，再联系本句中的“in the four years”可知，fail to do sth.“未做某事”符合语境。attempt“尝试”；choose“选择”；intend“打算，计划”。12A.admitted BaddictedCadapted DappliedA解析：根据下一段内容可知，作者成为校舞蹈队的成员，因此这里指作者被校舞蹈队录取。be admitted to“被录取”。13A.considered BpushedCwarned D

35、expectedB解析：根据下文的“I managed” “I also struggled” “I was able to become a cocaptain of the team and lead them to.”可知，此处表示在校舞蹈队期间，作者督促自己做该队中最优秀的队员。push sb. to be/do.表示“督促某人成为/做”。consider“认为”；warn“告诫”；expect“期望”。14A.examination BcampaignCactivity DtrialC解析：根据语境可知，作者努力参与每一项校舞蹈队的舞蹈活动(activity)。15A.injurie

36、s BgoalsCdisagreements DdesiresA解析：根据下文的脚踝受伤、肌腱炎可知，在跳舞过程中作者曾多次受伤(injuries)。goal “目标”；disagreement “分歧”；desire “欲望”。16A.recovery BpracticeCsuffering DlearningA解析：根据上文的“both of my ankles hurt several times, and it took me months of _”可推断出，此处指作者脚踝受伤之后花费数月恢复，故选recovery “恢复，康复”。practice “训练”；suffering “痛

37、苦”；learning “学习”。17A.cured BcausedCdefeated DfoughtB解析：根据上下文可知，第二个舞蹈赛季导致(caused)作者患肌腱炎。18A.just BalsoCyet DstillD解析：根据空后的“disturbs me constantly till today”可知，此处应表示这直至今天还困扰着作者，故用still。19A.approach BunderstandCwin DkeepC解析：即便有这么多伤痛，作者还是成功带领校舞蹈队赢得了校舞蹈队历史上第一个全国冠军头衔。根据句中的“national championship title”可知，

38、此处用win。win the.title表示“获得冠军头衔”。20A.organization BhistoryCcharge DimaginationB解析：参见上题解析。.应用文写作假定你是李华，你的美国外教Tom 在你校任教期间，帮助学校组建了英语俱乐部，增强了英语学习的氛围。现在，他三年任期已满准备回国。请你代表学校给他写一封信，内容包括：1对其所做工作表示感谢；2表达继续保持联系的愿望；3欢迎他再次来中国。注意：1词数 80 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Tom，_Yours truly，Li HuaOne possible ve

39、rsion：Dear_Tom，Im writing on behalf of my school to extend our sincere gratitude for your productive work in the past three years. It is you who have helped set up the English club of our school and have encouraged many students to communicate in English bravely. As a result, you have greatly enhanced the English learning atmosphere among us students.We are sorry to say goodbye for the moment, but we really hope to stay connected with you. Looking forward to the future reunion with you.Best wishes!Yours_truly，Li_Hua