（新教材）《人教版》20版《高中全程学习方略》必修二课件：UNIT 5 DISCOVERING USEFUL STRUCTURES（英语） .ppt

1、Unit 5MusicDiscovering Useful Structures过去分词作表语和状语【情境探究】观察上面对话,并类比填空:(1)The teacher was _(annoy)at what the boy had done in the class.(2)The film star got off the plane,_(surround)by enthusiastic fans.annoyedsurrounded【要义详析】一、过去分词作表语(1)过去分词作表语主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。The well is surrounded with a wall only

2、 12 inches high.井被只有12英寸高的井台包围着。(2)“get+过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构,用于被动结构时,它强调动作的发生;用于系表结构时,它强调状态的变化。*Most of the skin on his face got burnt away in the fire.在火灾中,他脸上的皮肤大部分烧掉了。(3)过去分词作表语与被动语态的差异。作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite,very,rather等修饰词。被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。*The

3、novel is well written.(系表结构)这部小说写得很好。*The novel is written by Lu Xun.(被动语态)这部小说是鲁迅写的。(4)有些过去分词作表语时,相当于形容词,且大部分已转化为形容词,常见的有:delighted,disappointed,discouraged,drunk,amused,astonished,hurt,interested,crowded,tired,satisfied,pleased,surprised,worried,excited,married,puzzled,upset等。*On hearing the good

4、news everyone was very excited.听到这个好消息,大家都很激动。*The book is very interesting and Im very interested in it.这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。【名师点津】充当形容词的动词-ing形式和过去分词的区别:动词-ing形式一般具有主动意义,表示“起某种作用”,多用于说明事物本身的性质、特征及给人的感觉;过去分词一般具有被动意义,表示“受某种影响”,多用于形容人的感觉。【即学活用】语法填空(1)The fact is that store is now _(close).(2)They were _at

5、the _news.(excite)(3)The sound was _and he was _.(frighten)closedexcitedexcitingfrighteningfrightened二、过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。1.原因状语*Choked by the heavy smoke,he could hardly breathe.他被浓烟呛了,几乎不能呼吸了。*Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身都湿透了。2.时间状语*Left to itself i

6、n the room,the baby began to cry.当被独自留在房间里时,婴儿哭了起来。*Asked why he did it,the monitor said it was his duty.当被问及他为什么要这么做时,班长说这是他的职责。3.条件状语*Seen in this aspect,the matter isnt as serious as people generally suppose.如果从这个角度看,问题并不像人们普遍认为的那样严重。*Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.如果被种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能

7、长得很快。4.方式或伴随状语*Surrounded by his students,the professor sat there cheerfully.那位教授在学生的簇拥下,兴高采烈地坐在那儿。*He stood there silently,moved to tears.他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶。5.让步状语*Beaten by the police and sent to jail,Gandi created the principle of nonviolent resistance first.尽管受到了警察的殴打并被投入了监狱,甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。*Defea

8、ted again,he didnt lose heart.虽然再次被击败,但他没有灰心。【即学活用】语法填空(1)_(fright)by the noise in the night,the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room.(2)_(approach)in the dark,the lights looked lonely and purposeless.(3)_(give)better attention,the accident could have been avoided.FrightenedApproachedGiven(4)_(compa

9、re)with you,we still have a long way to go.(5)The old man went into the room,_(support)by his wife.(6)_(wait)by others for over half an hour,he didnt turn up at the meeting.ComparedsupportedWaited三、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别1.逻辑关系现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于:两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。(1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主

10、谓关系。*He went out,shutting the door behind him.他出去后随手关上了门。(he是shut这个动作的发出者,构成逻辑上的主谓关系)*Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何是好,他去找父母帮忙。(2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。*Given more encouragement,the boy could have behaved better.如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励,他本能表现得更好。(句子主语the boy 与give构成

11、逻辑上的动宾关系)*Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难时,我们必须设法克服。(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示“被动关系”,其前不用being。常见的这种过去分词及短语有:lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、born in(出生于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。*Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.因为陷入沉思中,所以

12、他没有听到那个声音。*Born in this beautiful town,he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇,他不愿离开它。2.时间概念过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前,或表示“一种状态”,与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行。*Written in a hurry,this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。*Reading carefully,he found something he hadnt known before.他仔细读书时,发现

13、了一些从前不知道的东西。【知识延伸】独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,我们称之为独立主格结构,在句中作状语。独立主格结构的特点:独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不同,它独立存在;独立主格结构中作主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系;独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子隔开。独立主格结构的构成:名词/代词+分词;名词/代词+不定式;with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式。*The test finished(=When the test was finished),we began our holiday.考试结束后,我们就开始放假了。*The president assassinated(=Because the president was assassinated),the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被暗杀了,全国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。*Weather permitting(=If weather permits),we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。*I stood before her with my heart beating fast.我站在她面前,心跳得很快。