师说系列2012届高考英语一轮复习讲义：1.4EARTHQUAKES（人教版）.doc

1、Unit 4Earthquakes教 材 面 面 观单词拓展1._n地震2_n事件；大事3_n民族；国家_adj._n国籍4_n污垢；灰尘_adj.5_n苦难；痛苦_vt. & vi.遭受；受苦6_n&vt. & vi.休克；打击；(使)震惊_adj.震惊的_adj.令人震惊的7_n. & vt.援救；营救8_n电；电流；电学_adj.电的；用电的_adj.发电的9_n祝贺；(复数)贺词_vt.祝贺10_n骑自行车的人_vt.骑自行车11_vt.(使)惊吓，吓唬_adj.受惊的；受恐吓的_adj.令人恐惧的12_vt.表示；表达_n.13_adj.极度的_adv.14_adj.无用的；无效的_

2、opp.15_adv.真诚地；真挚地_adj.短语回顾1._away立刻，马上2_an end 结束；终结3dig_ 掘出；发现4think_of 考虑的少，满不在乎5_hope 失去希望6_if 仿佛；好像7in_ 严重受损；破败不堪8_(great)number of 许多，大量的9tens_thousands of 数以万计的10be_of 以而自豪句型背诵1.What_ _ _ will happen before an earthquake?你认为地震前会发生什么事？2Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was al

3、most _ _ _ _ _ _ shook Tangshan.接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次几乎和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山。3_ _ _ _the world was at an end!似乎是世界末日到了！4_hope was_lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。5Workers built shelters for survivors _ _ _ _ _.救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。自我诊断单词拓展1earthquake2.event3.nation，national，nationality4dirt，dirty5.suffering，suffer6.shock，sh

4、ocked，shocking7rescue8.electricity，electric，electrical9.congratulation，congratulate10.cyclist，cycle11.frighten，frightened，frightening12.express，expression13.extreme，extremely14useless，useful15.sincerely，sincere短语回顾1right2.at3.out4.little5.lose6.as7.ruins8.a9of10.proud句型背诵1do you think2.as strong as

5、the first one3.It seemed as if4.All；not5.whose homes had been destroyed考 点 串 串 讲重点单词1.bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入用法拓展bury sth. in.把埋到里bury ones face in hands双手掩面bury (oneself) in埋头于；专心于be buried in朝着于；专心于be buried alive被活埋The paper was buried under a pile of books.那份文件被埋在书堆下。He had learned to bur

6、y his feelings.他学会了掩饰内心的情感。He walked slowly, his hands a buried in his pockets.他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。Since she left, he has buried himself in work.自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。She sat there, buried in thought.她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。即境活用单项填空_deep down in the earth, the dead forests rotted away and became coal.ABuryingBBuriedCTo bury

7、 DHaving buried答案：B2everywhere副词，作连词引导地点状语从句，意为“的所有地方”。Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.凡我所到之处，均发现相同的事情。用法拓展能引导状语从句的副词和短语还有：immediately/instantly/directly刚刚；立刻；马上every/each time每次the moment/minute/instant一就the first/last/next time第一/最后/下一次Immediately shed gone, I remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她

8、的名字。Every time I hear that song, I feel happy.每次听到那首歌我都感到很愉快。Next time you are here, lets have lunch together.下次你到这里来，咱们一起吃午饭。The moment I saw him, I recognized him as the famous director.一看见他，我就认出了他是那位有名的导演。即境活用单项填空Do remember to return the book to our English teacher.OK. I will give it to him _ I

9、see him.AbeforeBuntilCunless Dthe moment答案：D3ruin n&vt.(使)破产，毁灭，崩溃，废墟，遗迹The storm ruined the crops.暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。The earthquake left the whole town in ruins.地震毁灭了整个城镇。Gambling was his ruin/the ruin of him.赌博是他堕落的原因。用法拓展in ruins成为废墟，破败不堪ruin oneself毁掉自己come/fall/go to ruin毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉bring sb. to ruin使某人失

10、败；使倾家荡产易混辨析damage，destroy与ruin三者都含“破坏、毁坏”的意思。damage指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复”。如：The heavy rain damaged many houses.大雨毁坏了许多房子。destroy指“彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复”。如：That town was destroyed in a big fire.那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。ruin现在多用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏了”。如：He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.他打翻了一

11、瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。即境活用翻译句子(用destroy；ruin和damage)吸烟毁坏了他的健康。_地震摧毁了整个城市。_那建筑物已成为断壁残垣。_答案：Smoking damaged his health.The earthquake destroyed the whole city.The building is in ruins.4injure vt.伤害，损害He was/got slightly injured in the accident.他在意外事故中受了轻伤。Smoking will injure your health.吸烟会损害你的健康。易混辨析injure，hurt和

12、woundinjure伤害，特指意外伤害。hurt是受伤的一般用词，既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害。(vi.“感到疼痛”。)wound通常是指武器的伤害，如刀、枪等的伤害，尤其是指战场上的伤害。There were two people injured in the car accident.有两个人在车祸中受了伤。What really hurt was that he never answered my letter.真正让我伤心的是他从不给我回信。About 50 people were seriously wounded in the attack.在这次攻击中，约有50人

13、受重伤。即境活用单项填空So seriously_in the accident that she was sent to hospital at once.Ashe was woundedBwas she hurtCshe was injured Ddid she hurt答案：B5damage n损坏，毁坏；(pl.)赔偿金v.损害，毁坏The manufacturers disclaim all responsibility for the damage caused by misuse.因使用不当造成的损坏，生产厂家不负任何责任。He was ordered to pay damage

14、 totalling 30,000.他被责令支付总额为3万英镑的损害赔偿金。The flood did a lot of damage to the crops.洪水毁坏了大量农作物。Several vehicles were damaged in the crash.好几辆汽车在撞车事故中损坏了。用法拓展do/cause damage to sth.损害，伤害This could cause serious damage to the countrys economy.这可能对国家的经济造成了严重破坏。易混辨析damage, ruin和destroydamage一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，

15、使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种操作可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果。也可以是非暴力的长期损害的结果。ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的。也往往不是一次的打击结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。destroy表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁，使之无法复原，也可以表示对物体进行完全的毁坏。The fire badly damaged the town hall.火灾使市政厅遭到严重破坏。He ruined his prospects by carelessness.他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。If the tree falls that way, it w

16、ill destroy the house.这棵树向那边倒下了就会把那所房子压坏。即境活用单项填空Teenagers _ their health because they play computer games too much.Ahave damaged Bare damagingCdamaged Dwill damageHe didnt take part in the sports meet yesterday because he had _ his leg.Adamaged BhurtChit Dstruck答案：BB6congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词Please

17、 give him my congratulations when you see him.请见到他时转达我的祝贺。Congratulations on your marriage.恭贺你喜结良缘。用法拓展congratulation to sb. on sth.意为“因某事向某人祝贺”。congratulate vt.可用于短语congratulate sb. on doing sth.意为“因某事向某人祝贺”。congratulate yourself on(为成就或成功)感到高兴；感到自豪。We congratulated him on his birthday.我们向他祝贺生日。The

18、 authors are to be congratulated on producing such a clear and authoritative work.向创作出这么一部具有权威性又清晰易懂的作品的作者们祝贺。I congratulated myself on my narrow escape.我庆贺自己死里逃生。You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。易混辨析congratulate与celebratecongratulate意为“祝贺；道贺”，其宾语常常是接受祝贺的人

19、；celebrate意为“庆祝”，其宾语只能是生日、节日等表示事件的名词，不能是人，名词为celebration，可构成短语in celebration of.意为“为了庆祝”。I congratulated them all on their results.我为他们取得的成就向他们所有人表示祝贺。All the teachers and students have got everything ready to celebrate the 50th anniversary of our school.全校师生为我校的50年庆典做好了一切准备。The old couple held a pa

20、rty in celebration of their fiftieth wedding anniversary.这对老夫妻为了庆祝他们金婚纪念而举办了一个晚会。即境活用单项填空Guess what！I have passed my driving test last week._！ACongratulations BCelebrationsCGood luck DAll right答案：A7event n事件；大事；(运动会的)项目；一场比赛；一场胜负用法拓展course of events事件发展的过程at all events不管怎样；无论如何in any event不管怎样；无论如何i

21、n the event结果；到头来in the event of/that倘若发生的情况an athletic event运动竞赛项目特别提醒event通常指重要、有意思或不寻常的事件。易混辨析event，matter与affairevent指“大事”。the chief events of the year一年中的大事a historical event历史事件matter事件；(pl.)事态；matter还可用作不及物动词，意为“有关系，要紧”。It doesnt matter.没关系。the matter麻烦Its a matter of importance.那是一件重要的事情。Unf

22、ortunately，there is nothing we can do to improve the matters.很遗憾，我们无力改善目前的状况。affair(小)事；(pl.)事务，要事；恋事a very small affair极琐碎的小事a private(public)affair私事(公事)a love affair风流韵事the affairs of state国事，政务即境活用用event，affair，matter填空Theres nothing the _with the TV.The railway accident was a terrible_.Britain

23、agreed to support the US in the_of war.答案：matteraffairevent8shock vt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n休克；打击；震惊用法拓展be shocked at.对感到震惊be shocked to do sth.做某事很震惊be shocked that.对很震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的It shocks you when something like that happens.发生这样的事使人感到难以置信。The news of his death came as a shock to us

24、 all.他的死讯传来，大家都感到震惊。We were all shocked at the news of his guilty.听到他的罪行，我们深感震惊。I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息，我深感意外。Neighbors were shocked that such an attack could happen in the area.竟有这样的暴力行为发生在这个地区，邻居们大为惊骇。What she did was so shocking that I can hardly describe it.她的行为太过分了，我

25、简直无法形容。特别提醒shock意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前可以与不定冠词连用。即境活用单项填空Everybody felt _ the moment a police officer entered the classroom. You could hear a pin drop.Adamaged BfrightenedCshocked Dterrifying完成句子我们在国外时常会遇到文化冲击。We often _ _ _ when we are in a foreign country.答案：Csuffer culture shock9honour n&vt.尊敬，敬意，荣

26、誉，给以荣誉We should honour our parents.我们应该尊敬父母。It is a great honour to be invited.承蒙邀请，十分荣幸。She is an honour to her profession.她是同行的光荣。用法拓展do sb. an honour; do sb. the honour(of doing sth.)给某人以特权；使某人有特殊的荣幸in honour of sb./sth.; in sb.s/sth.s honour出于对某人/某事物的敬意honour sb./sth. (with sth.)向某人/某事物致敬；表扬某人；给

27、某人以荣誉be honoured for因受到尊敬for the honour of为了的荣誉即境活用翻译句子我得到您的信任，感到十分荣幸。_两位消防员因为勇气而受到尊敬。_答案：I feel highly honoured by your trust.Two firefighters have been honoured for their courage.10frighten vt.使害怕；吓唬用法拓展be frightened at听/看到吓了一跳be frightened away/off被吓跑frighten sb. into(doing)sth.吓得某人做某事frighten sb

28、. out of doing sth.吓得某人不做某事be frightened to do sth.不敢做某事Dont stand so near the edge, youre frightening me!不要站得那么靠边，你要把我吓坏了！The lawyer frightened the old lady into signing the paper.那位律师恐吓着那位老太太在文件上签了字。即境活用完成句子The _ _(受惊吓的男孩)was speechless after he saw the terrible scene.She _ _ _(看到吓一跳)the traffic a

29、ccident.答案：frightened boywas frightened at11judge v断定；判断；判决；n.裁判员；法官；评判员用法拓展judge sb./sth. from/by.从来判断judge between right and wrong判断是非as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为judging by/from从上看，根据判断judgement n判断，审判，意见，判断力in ones judgement依某人看来，按某人的看法Judging from (by) his accent, he must be a southerner.根据他的口音

30、判断，他一定是一个南方人。He was judged to be the best actor of this year.他被判定今年年度最佳男演员。特别提示judging from/by表示“从上看，根据来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语，而不采用过去分词的形式。即境活用单项填空_ from his accent, he is possibly from Korea.AJudgingBTo judgeCJudged DBeing judged答案：A重点短语1.a (large) number of许多的，大量的用法拓展a large/great

31、 number of许多的，大量的，相当于large/great number of，后面跟可数名词复数形式。number之前可加某些表示数量大小的形容词。a number of加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。a small number of少量的an equal number of相同数量的in number在数量上number.among/with/as.把看做A great number of students find it hard to find an acceptable job after graduation.许多学生发现毕业以后找一份合适的工作不容易。He has

32、 collected large numbers of photos of different kinds of birds.他已经收集了大量的不同鸟类的照片。用法拓展表示“数量”的词语还有：a lot of/lots of许多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词)a great/big deal of许多；很多(修饰不可数名词)an amount of/amounts of大量的(修饰不可数名词)a quantity of/quantities of很多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词)a little一些(修饰不可数名词)a bit of一些(修饰不可数名词)a great many很多(修饰可数名词

33、)many a许多(修饰单数可数名词)They spent a great deal of money on this project.他们在这个项目上花了大量的钱。We have had an enormous amount of help from people.我们得到了人们的大力帮助。Its cheaper to buy goods in quantity/in large quantities.大批量购货较便宜。A good many students in our class are fond of pop music.我们班里很多学生喜欢流行音乐。易混辨析a number of与

34、the number of(1)a number of意为“若干；许多”；number前可用good, great, large, small等词修饰，其后必须接名词复数。用作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。(2)the number of意为“的数量”，其后接名词的复数或具有复数意义的名词。用作主语时，谓语一般要用单数形式。A small number of people have applied for the job.只有少数人申请这份工作。The number of the students is increasing very fast.学生数量正在迅速增长。即境活用单项填空The

35、number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ not seen at the meeting.Awas; wereBwas; wasCwere; was Dwere; were答案：A2one third三分之一用法拓展分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用序数词的复数形式。分数或分数修饰名词作主语时谓语动词的数根据其含义或其后的名词而定。Two thirds of the students in our class are boys.我们班三分之二的学生是男生。Five sixths of the la

36、nd in this area is polluted by this factory.这个地区六分之五的土地被这家工厂污染了。用法拓展(1)百分数的表达：percent与具体的数词连用，percentage可与large, small, high, increasing等词连用。(2)年龄的表达：表示“在某人岁时”用in ones整十的复数形式。(3)年份的表达：表示“在年代”用in the年份(后加s或s)。(4)倍数的表达：A谓语倍数比较级thanBA谓语倍数as原级asBA谓语倍数the名词(size, length, height等)ofBA谓语倍数thatofBA谓语倍数what引

37、导的名词性从句Eighty percent of the students have gone to university this year.今年百分之八十的学生考上了大学。An increasing percentage of the population own their own homes.自己有房子的人占的比例越来越大了。He set up the company in his thirties.三十几岁时，他成立了这家公司。This happened in the 1920s.这件事发生在20世纪20年代。He earns three times more than her.He

38、 earns three times as much as her.He earns three times the money that she does.The money he earns is three times that of hers.He earns three times what she does.他的收入是她的三倍。即境活用单项填空With too many trees cut down, _ of the farmland in that district _ become desert in the past 50 years.Atwo seventh; hasBt

39、wo seventh; haveCtwo sevenths; hasDtwo sevenths; haveWhen he moved to Germany in _， he was already in _.Athe fifties; his sixty Bfifties; his sixtiesCthe fifties; his sixties Dfifty; sixtyMuch to his surprise, he invited only twenty friends to the dinner, but _ came.Atwice as many asBas many as twic

40、eCtwice as manyDtwice more than答案：CCC3at an end结束，终止Our hunt for a cheaper but larger house is at last at an end.我们想寻找一幢便宜些但要大些的房子的事终于有了结果。I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.我必须警告你，我已忍无可忍了。The war was at an end.战争结束了。用法拓展end in以为结果at the end of到的尽头by the end of到末come to the end结束，告

41、终make both ends meet使收支相抵，量入为出put an end to sth.结束某事，终止某事；消灭某事stand on end竖立，直立即境活用翻译句子我的假期结束了，明天我得回去工作了。_他们失了业，还要养活两个小孩，无法维持起码的生活。_答案：My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow.Being out of work and having two young children，they found it impossible to make ends meet.4right away毫不迟

42、疑，立刻He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away.他病了，你应该立即请大夫来。The storm will blow over right away.暴风雨很快就会平息。If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。用法拓展“立刻，马上”表达一览：at onceon no timeright nowwithout delayimmediately易混辨析right away与right nowright away意为“毫不迟疑，立刻”，而r

43、ight now意为“现在”。即境活用完成句子Its an important thing, do it _！_ its summer vacation and Im helping my dad on the farm._ he is doing an operation on the patient, please dont disturb him.答案：right awayRight nowRight now5give out分发，发出(气味、热等)，发表，用尽，精疲力竭He has refused to give out any information on the matter.他已

44、拒绝发表有关此事的任何消息。After a month their food supplies gave out.过了一个月，他们的食物已消耗殆尽。The fire can be compared with the sun, and both all give out light and warm up.火可以与太阳相比，两者都发光和热。用法拓展give away泄露，揭发，赠送，分送；颁发give in屈服give off放出；散发出give up放弃 give back归还give for牺牲；交换即境活用翻译句子请帮我分发这些试卷。_我决不屈服。_他终于戒烟了。_答案：Please he

45、lp me give out these test papers.Never will I give in.Finally he gave up smoking.6too.to.太以至于不能Hes far too young to go on his own.他太小了不能自己去。Its too cold to go in the sea yet.天太冷还不能下海。Its too long a journey to make in one day.路程太远，一天之内到不了。用法拓展(1)too后是表心情的形容词，如：happy，pleased，willing，thankful，anxious，e

46、ager，easy，kind，good等时，too意为“非常”，不再带有否定意义。如：She is too kind to help others.她非常乐于帮助别人。(2)too.to前有否定词时，too.to表肯定。如：It is never too late to study.活到老，学到老。(3)tooadj.for sb.(to do sth.)表示“太以至于不能做”。如：The question is too difficult for me to answer.这问题太难了，我回答不了。即境活用翻译句子这篇课文对他们来说太难了。_她非常乐意去帮助他。_箱子太重，我提不动。_答案：

47、This is too difficult a text for them./This text is too difficult for them.She is too willing to help him.The box was too heavy for me to carry.7as if意为“仿佛；好像”He behaves as if he had no common sense.他的言行就好像没有常识似的。He quickly ran home，looking as if there was something wrong with him.他快步跑回家，看上去好像有什么事不对

48、劲。用法拓展as ifas though引导的从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时，be动词一般用were。若表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。如果从句的内容发生的可能性很大，通常不用虚拟语气。Its my birthday.It seems as if you didnt know!今天是我的生日，你好像不知道似的！If a pen is partly into the water，it looks as if it were broken.如果把钢笔的一部分放在水里，它看上去像断了似的。He was shaking with fright as

49、if he had seen a ghost.他吓得直哆嗦，就好像看见了鬼一样。It looks as if it is going to rain.看来要下雨了。温馨提示as if/as though后面除了可以跟句子外，还可以跟动词不定式、介词短语、过去分词、动词的ing形式。He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他举起了手，好像要摘下帽子。The boy looked around as if in search of something.那孩子环视四周，好像在寻找什么东西。The man was lying on the ground

50、 as if hurt.那个人躺在地上，好像受了伤。The girl sat at her desk quietly as if listening to the teacher.那个女孩静静地坐在桌子旁，好像在听老师讲课。即境活用单项填空The boy still remembers the accident exactly as if it_yesterday.Awas happeningBhappensChas happened Dhappened答案：D8instead of代替用法拓展作“代替、取代”讲的有：instead of/instead/in place of。instead

51、 of除作“代替”讲之外，还意为“而不，而没有”。这时，不能与in place of替换，但可与rather than替换。They went there by bus instead of(rather than)on foot.他们乘车去那儿而不是步行。若要点明“被代替的人或物”，instead之后须加of；若不需要具体点出来“被代替的人或物”，则不加of。If you cant go，hell go instead(of you)如果你不能去，他将代替你去。特别提醒instead用作副词，一般放在句末，否定上文提到的事物，而instead of为介词短语，一般放在句首或句中，否定of后的

52、宾语。Well have tea in the garden instead of in the house.Well not have tea in the house.Instead，well have tea in the garden.我们不在屋子里喝茶，而要在花园里喝茶。即境活用单项填空_buying them in the shops，she prefers making her own clothes.AInstead BInstead ofCMore than DRather thanMr. Li is ill so I will have this English class

53、 with you_him.Ainstead Btake the place ofCinstead of Dtaking place of答案：B句意为：她更喜欢自己制作衣服，而不喜欢在商店中购买。由句意排除C项，A项为副词，其后不接宾语；D项后一般不跟动名词，故选B。Cinstead of“代替”，在此符合句意也符合语法结构，若用动词短语则应该用taking the place of形式。重点句式1.It seems as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日！用法拓展表示“好像”的几种表达：It seems/looks/appears as if/thou

54、gh.看起来好像It always seemed as though they would marry in the end.久而久之，看来他们终归得结婚。It seemed as if the end of the world had come.好像世界末日已经来临。It looks like rain./It looks as if its going to rain.好像要下雨了。Sb./Sth. looks as if/though/like.(不用seem/appear)That photograph doesnt look like her at all.那张照片看上去一点都不像她

55、。This looks to me like the right door.依我看就是这个门。You look as if you slept badly.看你那样子仿佛没睡好觉。There seems/appears(to be).(不用look)There appears to have been a mistake.It appears that there has been a mistake.看起来好像是个错误。It seems so.So it seems.看来似乎是这样。易混辨析seem，look与appear这三个词都可用作系动词，都可以译作“似乎”或“看上去”。(1)seem

56、所表示的“似乎”或“看来”是以客观的迹象为依据的。例如：A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby.一位飞行员看到一个气球，好像要飞向附近的英国空军基地。(2)look所表示的“看来”是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。例如：He looked pale and his clothes were in a frightful state.他看上去脸色苍白，一身衣服弄得一塌糊涂。(3)appear与上两个词的含义似乎没有多大差异，但是如果要表示某种判断是由被歪曲了的印象

57、而得出的，最好用appear。例如：The actress is thirtyfive years old，but she appears a lot younger.那个女演员三十五岁了，但是她看上去年轻得多。即境活用翻译句子他们似乎误解了我。_他们要得奖似乎是毫无疑问的了。_我的妻子戴着一顶看起来好像一座灯塔的帽子。_答案：They appear to have misunderstood me.It seemed certain that they would win the prize.My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a light

58、house.2Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.评委会是五位评委听了你的演讲，一致认为你的演讲是今年最好的。用法拓展judge n法官；裁判员v断定；裁决，评定；审判You should never judge a person by their looks.你不能以貌取人。I judged him to be about 50.我看他有50岁。We judge the success of a product by the

59、number of sales it brings in.我们判断一个产品的成功与否是通过它带来的销售额判断的。Judging from what you say in your letter，you dont sound well.从你来信的话语看，你好像不舒服。用法拓展judge(sb./sth.)by/from sth.根据判断、断定judge by appearances 从外貌来看judging by/from sth.依据来判断(常作状语使用)judge between right and wrong判断是非so far as I can judge据我判断，我认为即境活用翻译句子

60、根据以往的经验来看，他得迟到。_从他的肤色判断他肯定来自南方。_答案：Judging from previous experience，he will be late.Judging by skin，he must come from the south.3Then，later that afternoon，another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次几乎和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山。用法拓展该句包含了形容词的比较级形式，比较级的一种构成形式是asad

61、j./adv.as结构。Its as hard as I thought.这和我想象的一样困难。She plays as well as her sister.她演奏得和她姐姐一样好。用法拓展用来表示比较的结构还有：“adj./adv.的比较级than sb./sth.”，“not asadj./adv.as”。He loves me more than you do.他比你更爱我。It was much better than Id expected.这比我预料得要好得多。She doesnt play football as well as her sister.她踢球不如她姐姐。即境活用

62、单项填空I moved to a small town and changed my job years ago.I dont make_.Amoney as much as I used toBmoney as much as I was used toCas much money as I used toDmoney as much as I was used to答案：C4All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。用法拓展全部否定英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no

63、longer，no way等表示否定意义的词(词组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。部分否定英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything等具有总括意义的代词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都”的意思。特别提醒无论not在句中位置如何，与all，both，each，every等词连用时，一律表达部分否定含义。即境活用单项填空We cant have lunch at the restaurant，because_.Aall of us dont have moneyBnot all of us have moneyCevery

64、one of us doesnt have moneyDnone of us has moneyI havent read_of his books，but judging from the one I have read，I think he is a very promising writer.Aany BbothCeither Dnone答案：D句意为：我们不能在餐馆里用餐，因为我们都没有钱。此处应用全部否定句，而因为我们都没有钱。此处应用全部否定句，而A、B、C三项均为部分否定，不合语境。B句意为：他的两本书我没都看，但从我所读的那本书来判断，我认为他是一位很有前途的作家。根据后半句，

65、排除C项，not both为部分否定，表示“并非两个都”，符合句意。not any表示三者或三者以上的全部否定；none本身表示全部否定，不与not连用。知 能 层 层 练一、单项填空1_， the headmaster rose to indicate that the conversation was _.AAt an end; in an endBIn the end; at an endCIn an end; at the end DAt an end; in the end答案：B解析：in the end意为“最后；终于”，at an end意为“结束；终结”，常用做表语。2Whe

66、re did you work twenty years ago?I worked at the _ edge of the forest.Asevere BceremonialCextreme Dportable答案：C解析：extreme“极端的；尽头的；末端的”，extreme edge of the forest意为“森林的最边缘”。3After the explosion, the roads are full of _ people leaving the city.Aafraid BfrightenedCfrightening Dscary答案：B解析：frightened“感到

67、害怕的”，常用来修饰人。afraid“害怕的”，多用做表语；frightening“令人害怕的”，常用于修饰事物；scary“吓人的；可怕的”。4I hear they will get married next week._AGood luck! BCongratulations!COh, really? DYes, sir?答案：C解析：根据语境可知，回应者对此事感到惊讶，故选C项。5After _ in the research for so many years, the scientist succeeded in finding the result at last.Aburied

68、 Bbeing buriedChaving buried Dhaving been buried答案：D解析：介词after之后用动名词形式，排除A项；be buried in是固定短语，且有时间状语for so many years，故用动名词的完成被动式。6Whats the weather like tomorrow, John?Well, I _ it, for the pictures drew my attention as the weather forecast was going on.Awas missing BmissedCwill miss Dhad missed答案：

69、B解析：由答语中的for引导的原因状语从句可知“由于播报天气预报时一直在看照片，所以错过了”，故用一般过去时。7I am sorry that I can not meet you at the airport. I _ Changsha by the time you come back from abroad.Aam leaving Bwill leaveCwill have left Dhave left答案：C解析：由题干前半句可知从国外回来是将来发生的动作，且表示该动作在对方从国外回来时已完成，故用将来完成时表示。8Some passengers were _ in the traf

70、fic accident and taken to the hospital nearby.Ainjured BdamagedCdestroyed Dharmed答案：A解析：injure可指身体上受到的伤害，也可指情感上受到了伤害。damage侧重对物的“损害”，损害后事物一般可修复；destroy“破坏；毁坏”，一般无法进行修复；harm指伤害。9_ from what he did, he isnt a person to depend on.AJudge BJudgingCJudged DJudges答案：B解析：judging from.“根据来判断”，属独立结构作状语。10I di

71、dnt know anybody at the party, but the hostess came to my _ by introducing me to a few people.Ahelp BsaveCrescue Dlife答案：C解析：come to ones rescue为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人”。二、用适当的介词填空。1I must take no notice of their politeness or kindness which was designed to trap me _ giving information.2Youll never solve your

72、problems if you just bury your head _ the sandyou have to face them.3These plants must be sheltered _ direct sunlight.4Hundreds were hospitalized suffering _ the effects of tear gas.5New ways of reducing the damage _ the environment are needed.6My wife burst _ tears when she heard the bad news.7The

73、little boy was frightened _ the dog. So he didnt dare to go there.答案：1.into2.in3.from4.from5.to6.into7.of三、根据汉语意思完成下列句子。(每空一词)1地震之后整座城市成了一片废墟。The whole city lay _ _ _ _ _.2从地里挖出的财富是一盒金币。The treasure _ _ _ _ _was a box of gold coins.3许多妇女陷入了没有爱情的婚姻之中。Many women _ _ _ loveless marriages.4数百年来，这尊雕像被深埋于

74、一个地下洞穴中。For hundreds of years the statue has remained _ _ an underground cave.5从母亲的来信判断，她似乎觉得好多了。_ _ _ _， Mother seems to be feeling a lot better.6他那样说话，似乎不想参加会议。He speaks like that _ _ _ _ _ to attend the meeting.答案：1.in ruins after the earthquake2dug out of the earth3are trapped in4buried in5Judgi

75、ng from/According to her letter6as if he doesnt want/like四、阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Haiti has been struck by a 7.0 magnitude earthquake, killing an unknown number of people. The small, poor country is likely to suffer 1._ severe and deadly natural disasters, 2._ (especi

76、al) hurricanes. A lack of proper emergency services and infrastructure(基础设施) has resulted 3._ the storms causing the death of thousands of Haitians.Witnesses said the 4. d_ was shocking. Tens of thousands of people are estimated to be 5._ (home)The Presidential Palace stands in 6. r_.Haitian police

77、vehicles as well as those from the United Nations and the Red Cross tried to ferry the 7._(wound) to hospital, but progress was slow as a large amount of rubble(碎石) lay covering the roads. The quake caused widespread panic as it brought down buildings 8._ (include) the Presidential Palace, hotels, a

78、nd a hospital in the capital PortauPrince.9. R_ teams were prevented when communications went down in the minutes after the earthquake struck, but efforts to free people 10._(trap) in the debris(残骸) continued throughout the night.答案：1.from2.especially3.in4.damage5.homeless6.ruins7.wounded8.including

79、9.Rescue10.trapped语 法 路 路 通高考语法专题二冠词知识清单一、不定冠词a, an的用法1用于未曾提到或对方不知道的人或事物前。2泛指某一个人或物，表示微弱的“一”的概念。3用于有形容词修饰的表示三餐的名词前。4用于具有某种特性的人或物或不确定时间的专有名词前。5用于表示“一”之意的物质名词前。6用于序数词前表示“又一，再一”的含义。7用于已转化可数名词的抽象名词前表示具体意义。8“a最高级”表示“很”；“a比较级”表示“更的”；不定冠词还可表示“每”。9用在一些固定搭配中。have a fever发烧make a living谋生as a rule通常 take a ba

80、th洗澡in a word总之二、定冠词the的用法10特指上文提到过的或特定的人或事物。11用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇俩。12用在形容词最高级及起特定作用的比较级前。13用在“动词sb.介词the身体部位”的固定结构中。14用在表示自然界中独一无二的事物的名词前或某些地理名词、国家、组织及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。15用在被演奏的乐器、文艺活动或运动场所的名词前。16用于“bythe计量单位名词”结构中。17用在序数词、表示顺序的词前或表示年代的词前。18构成一些固定短语。in the end最后 on the left左边on the air在广播 to the full完全

81、的三、零冠词的用法19泛指的物质名词、抽象名词前不用冠词。20表示季节、月份、日期、三餐、球类运动的名词前不用冠词。21名词前已有限定词修饰时不用冠词。22表示学科、语言的名词前不用冠词，但表示特指或加上language时，要用定冠词。23系动词turn后作表语的名词前不用冠词，若名词前有形容词修饰时则用冠词。become后作表语的名词前需加冠词。24by后表示交通工具或方式的名词前不用冠词。25表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补语或与姓氏连用时不用冠词。26表示人名、地名、国名、城市、街道和词首为Mount的山及大多数湖泊的专有名词前不用冠词。27很多情况下，名词前有无冠词意义

82、不同。at table吃饭 at the table在桌子旁28在一些固定搭配或名词前不用冠词。at down拂晓时 at home在家lose weight减肥 on business因公出差四、表示类指的几种形式29“不定冠词可数名词单数”表示该类属的任何一个都具有该类名词的特点。30“定冠词可数名词单数”表示一类人或事物，指该类属名词总的特点。31表示一般概念的可数名词复数或不可数名词前不用任何冠词。32“定冠词形容词”表示一类人。专题专练1.(2010浙江卷)Many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they

83、 actually speed up _ weakening of the human body.Aa; /B/; theCa; the D/；/答案：B解析：考查冠词。第一空是do harm to是固定词组，表示“对有伤害”，harm为不可数名词，故用零冠词；第二空用定冠词特指人体的衰弱。所以这里选B项。2(2010福建卷)Its _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _ pleasure.A/；a Ba；/Cthe; a Da; the答案：B解析：考查冠词。对人们来说，欣赏上

84、海世博会的感觉很好，这可以带给他们快乐。a good feeling一种美好的感觉；pleasure此处为抽象名词，意为“快乐”，不加冠词。3(2010四川卷)In _ most countries, a university degree can give you _ flying start in life.Athe; a Bthe；/C/；/ D/；a答案：D解析：考查冠词。第一空，复数名词表示泛指，之前不用冠词；第二空，a flying start泛指“一个飞跃性的开始”。句意：在许多国家，一个大学学位能给你的人生一个飞跃性的开始。4(2010重庆卷)Everything comes

85、with _ price; there is no such _ thing as a free lunch in the world.Aa; a Bthe; /Cthe; a Da; /答案：D解析：考查冠词。题干中price为可数名词，其前用不定冠词a表示泛指；no such thing相当于not such a thing。5(2010北京卷)First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression.Aa; the Bthe; th

86、eCa; a Dthe; a答案：C解析：考查冠词。第一空用不定冠词a, a second chance表示“再一次机会”；第二空用a表示泛指的概念。6(2010江苏卷)The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Jiangsu.A/；a B/；theCthe; a Dthe; the答案：A解析：考查冠词的用法。语意：这里的游客被各行各业的人努力建设一个崭新的江苏的事实深深感动了。前一个空处，people本

87、身是集合名词，一般不与冠词连用；后一个空处指的是一个崭新的江苏省，是泛指。7(2010山东卷)If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view.A/；the B/；aCthe; a Dthe; the答案：C解析：考查冠词。由语意可知，坐在汽车的前面，指的是汽车内的前面，所以应该用the front of；第二空表泛指，所以要用不定冠词a。语意为：(乘车时)如果我们坐在汽车的前面，就会看到更好的风景。8(2010辽宁卷)There are over 58,000 rocky objects in _ space, about

88、900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.Athe; the B/; theCthe; / Da; the答案：B解析：考查冠词。第一空不填冠词，in space“在太空”为固定用法；因earth为独一无二的名词，其前必须用定冠词the。故选B项。9Some people fear that_air pollution may bring about changes in_weather around the world.A/；the Bthe；/Can；the Dthe；a答案：A解析：考查冠词用法。pollution是不可数名词，air pollu

89、tion是泛指，所以不用冠词；后一个空格处特指全世界的天气，用定冠词the。10We went right round to the west coast by_sea instead of driving across_continent.Athe；the B/；theCthe；/ D/；/答案：B解析：本题考查冠词。by sea为固定搭配：乘船，continent前面要使用定冠词，这里特指谈话双方都知道的那个洲。11In many places in China，_bicycle is still_popular means of transportation.Aa；the B/；aCth

90、e；a Dthe；the答案：C解析：考查冠词。第一空为类指，表自行车，用“the单数可数名词”；第二空为泛指，表示一种工具，故用不定冠词a。12Have you heard_news？The price of_petrol is going up again!Athe; the B/; theCthe; / D/; /答案：C解析：考查冠词的用法。根据句子语境可知，句中的news就是特指后面一句的内容，于是前面用定冠词修饰；而petrol为不可数名词，表类别，不能用冠词，于是答案选C。13On the way home, _ sky grew dark, and _ cold rain be

91、gan to fall.Athe；/ B/；theCthe; a D/；a答案：C解析：the sky“天空”；物质名词当要表示“一场/段/件/种”意思时，某些物质名词前可用不定冠词，但此时通常有形容词或of短语修饰。如：a fine rain一阵小雨。故C项正确。14Usain Boltm, _ best runner, ran _ fastest in _ last race in the 2008 Olympic Games.A/；/；the Bthe；/；/Cthe；/；the Dthe；the；/答案：C解析：当名词前有形容词最高级或表示独一无二的词修饰时，其前一般用定冠词，故第一、

92、三空要用the；第二空后fastest是副词最高级，作动词ran的状语，其前不用冠词。15I heard that as many as 24 people were killed in the big fire.Yes, _ news came as _ shock to us.Aa；a Bthe；/C/；a Dthe；a答案：D解析：根据语境，第一空特指上句的新闻，故用定冠词the；这则新闻让我们吃了一惊，抽象名词shock具体化，其前用不定冠词a。故D项正确。16Mike seldom asks _ questions in class, but today he raised _ fa

93、irly good one.A/；a Bthe；aC/；the D/；/答案：A解析：第一空中questions是可数名词复数表示泛指，不用冠词；第二空表示“一个相当不错的问题”，可数名词单数表泛指时其前要用不定冠词。故A项正确。17By _ nature, you are an adventurer, full of amazement and curiosity about _ world bigger than life itself.Aa; the Bthe; theC/；a Dthe；/答案：C解析：句意：你天生就是一个冒险家，对比生活更大的世界充满了惊异和好奇。by nature“

94、本性，天生”，故C项正确。18Some of the exercises appear to be _ ones that you have done, but after taking _ second look, you will find that they are different.A/；the Bthe；theCthe；a Dthe；/答案：C解析：第一空后有定语从句that you have done修饰，所以是特指，用定冠词the；第二空“a序数词”表“再一；又一”，联系语境知C项正确。19Mary asked me to repeat _ telephone number _

95、 second time so that she could write it down.Athe；the Bthe；aCa；the Da；a答案：B解析：联系语境知，玛丽让“我”再重复一遍这个电话号码，所以这个号码是双方都知道的，属于特指，故用the；“a序数词”表“再一，又一”，故B项正确。20If you want to be _ success, to study at _ University of Princeton is right for you.A/；the Bthe；aCa；the Da；/答案：C解析：句意：如果你想成为一个成功者，那么去普林斯顿大学学习对你来说很合适。a

96、 success表“一个成功的人或一件成功的事”，故第一空用a；第二空是专有名词，故用the。21In China, _ pressure to pass _ exams tends to cause lack of students creativity.A/；/ Bthe；theCthe；/ D/；the答案：C解析：第一空特指考试的压力，故用定冠词the；第二空exams是名词复数形式，表泛指时不用冠词，故C项正确。22On _ Sunday of September, 2009, _ Turners made a great decisiontravel to China!Aa; th

97、e Bthe；/C/；the Dthe；the答案：A解析：on Sunday“在周日”，第一空意为2009年9月的一个周日，表泛指，故用a；第二空指特纳一家人，故用“the姓氏复数”来表示。故A项正确。23I dont think the experiment is _ failure. At least we have gained _ experience for future success.A/；the Ba；theCa；/ D/；/答案：C解析：第一空a failure表“一件失败的事情”；第二空experience作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词。表泛指时其前不用冠词，故C项正确。2

98、4Id love _ room on the higher floor so that I can have a birds eye view of _ city.Athe; a Ba; theC/; the Da; a答案：B解析：第一空泛指高层的一个房间，故用不定冠词a；第二空特指俯瞰这个城市，故用定冠词the。故B项正确。25Graduates of 2009 share _ fate of entering the work force at a bad time, when the world is sinking deeper into _ financial crisis.Ath

99、e; the Ba; theCa; / Dthe；a答案：D解析：第一空fate后有介词短语修饰，故要用定冠词the，表特指；第二空泛指一次经济危机，故用不定冠词a。故D项正确。26Though every parent admits that reading contributes to _ better mind of their child, yet lets face it, who has got _ time?Aa; the Ba；/Cthe；the Dthe；/答案：A解析：第一空泛指更好的思想，用不定冠词a；根据语境，面对现实，谁又有读书的时间，此处表特指，故用定冠词the。2

100、7It is _ challenge for graduates to find _ work as unemployment is very high nowadays.Athe；/ Ba；/Ca；a D/；the答案：B解析：第二空不可数名词work泛指工作，其前不加冠词，排除选项C和D；根据语境，找工作对大学毕业生是一个挑战，可数名词表泛指时要加不定冠词，故B项正确。28The book focuses on _ tragedy of Ron Williamson, a baseball hero from _ small town in Oklahoma.Aa; the Bthe; t

101、heCthe; a D/；a答案：C解析：联系语境知，第一空特指Ron Williamson的悲剧，故用定冠词the；这位棒球英雄来自一个小镇，第二空表泛指，用不定冠词a。29Who will take _ office and become _ president of that country has been under discussion some time now.Aan; the B/; aCthe; / D/; the答案：D解析：第一空take office是一固定短语，意为“就职”；表示头衔、职务的名词作表语、同位语、补语时不加冠词，但作宾语时，要加定冠词the，故D项正确。30A proverb says that _ new broom sweeps clean, but _ old one knows all the corners.Aa; the Ba; anCthe; an Dthe; a答案：B解析：句意：常言道：新官上任三把火；老将出马一个顶俩。两空白从字面意思看分别泛指新扫帚和旧扫帚，故B项正确。