高三英语一轮复习备考策略---主题句的位置及其扩展范例(共19张PPT).ppt

1、英语主题句的位置及其扩展范例 主题句：为一个完整的句子，用以概括、叙述和说明该段的主题。主题句一般位于段首，也可置于段尾或段中。无论是中文还是英语抑或其他语言，我们知道写文章势必要有一个中心思想，而每个段落只能有一个主题（central idea），它用一个句子加以表达，就是主题句。几个主题句的精彩写作不仅会让文章条理分明，更能够很好的诠释文章主题思想，可谓是文章的架构灵魂，所以，写好主题句对一篇文章的好坏有着至关重要的作用。写好主题句的方法1、主题句要概括一定内容，不要空泛，否则扩展句将难以说明和支持它，例如：空泛：English language is very important.概括：

2、English language is very important in our daily life.空泛：The Olympic Games are exciting.概括：In the Olympic Games the football teams from many countries compete intensely.2、尽量使用简单句或简洁明了的句子，例如：简洁：Collecting stamps is her hobby.复杂:She likes collecting stamps which is her hobby.简洁:I enjoyed watching Gone

3、with the wind very much.复杂：Gone with the wind was a good film which I enjoyed watching very much.写好主题句的方法3、主题句应该做到句子完整和表达的主题思想完整：不完整：How to write a composition.完整：How to write a composition is not an easy thing to talk about.不完整：If the weather had been fine.完整：If it had been fine,we would have had a

4、 good time.写好主题句的方法4、关键词是直接表达主题的词汇，它决定段落的内容和展开的方法，引导整个段落的发展，例如：There are several ways to boil the water.The task can be finished in three steps.There is a new method to reduce the cost Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the m

5、ost serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is har

6、mful.Is it worth it?正三角形写作法：即中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式。Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.

7、So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance倒三角形写作法：即主题句出现在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。When we watch a person walk away from us,his image shrinks in size.But since we know that he is not shrinking,we make an unconscious correcting and“see”him as retaining hi

8、s true stature.Past experience tells us what his true stature is with respect to our own.Any sane and dependable expectation of the future requires that he has the same stature when we next encounter him.Our perception is thus a prediction;it embraces the past and the future as well as the present.倒

9、三角形写作法：即主题句出现在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。Good manners are important in all countries,but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country.Americans eat with knives and forks;Japanese eat with chopsticks.Americans say“Hi”when they meet;Japanese bow.Many Ame

10、rican men open doors for women;Japanese men do not.On the surface,it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan,and in a way this is true.But in any country,the only manners that are important are those involving one persons behavior toward another person.In all countries it

11、is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to.It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.圆形写作法：即首尾呼应的写作方法。突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。Shortly after the war ended,Lincoln was shot whi

12、le attending a play in a Washington theater.He died within a few hours.The uncontrolled emotional reaction of the nation to his death was almost unbelievable and demonstrated the deep esteem in which he was held.Newspapers were edged with black;religious leaders gave praise of Lincoln instead of the

13、ir prepared sermons.His funeral procession in Washington was miles long.Lincolns body was taken by train back to his former home in Spring Field,Illinois,but in all the major cities through which the train passed,the coffin was paraded through streets lined with sorrowful thousands.In the small town

14、s through which the train passed,bells rang in honor of the dead President.Citizens lit torches along the railroad track to show their last respects.菱形写作法：即主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。You dream each night,even though you may not remember your dreams.While you dr

15、eam your eyes move and your heart beats faster.Even your brain-wave pattern changes.Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health.They claim that without dream,people would go crazy.Q:What does the passage mainly tells?A.How people stay healthy B.Why sleep is necessary C.Wh

16、y dreams are important D.When people remember their dreams菱形写作法：即主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。In 2099 you will sleep later because your job will start later in the morning.Besides,machines will do most of your routine work for you.Also,you will travel to work on

17、a moving sidewalk.Furthermore,you will talk to friends on a picture phone.Finally,you will take longer vacations in more distant places since transportation will be so much faster and cheaper.What does the passage mainly tells us?A.In 2099 you will go to work later in the morning.B.In 2099 machines

18、will do most of your work.C.In 2099 your life will be quite different.D.In 2099 faster transportation will make traveling easier.正方形写作法：即中心主题句隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。在这种情况下，读者要把所有的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transfer

19、red to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four y

20、ears,moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.正方形写作法：即中心主题句隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。在这种情况下，读者要把所有的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主

21、题句。英语主题句扩展范例当主题句指出一个地点、场景等时,可以按作者所在位置中心或从某物开始进行描写,一般是按远近、大小或上下等空间的顺序扩展。My study is not big,but it is very tidy.It has two windows.There is a desk and a chair by one of the windows.Pens,pencils and paper are on the desk.A tape recorder is on the right,and a reading lamp is on the left.There is a map

22、on the wall.Above the map is a clock.A bookcase stands in a corner of the room.There are books,dictionaries,magazines and newspapers in it.They are in English,French,Chinese and some other languages.They are a great help to me.当主题句指出某个人物、因素、步聚时,一般用分项法逐一展开。常用first ,second,last 等词连接。Spanish speaking A

23、mericans fall into four large groups.One group,the largest,is the Mexican Americans.This group came across the Rio Grande and settled in the Southwest.Puerto Ricans,the second group,settled mainly in New York City.The Voting Rights Act of 1965 gave them,along with other foreign language speaking cit

24、izens,the right to vote without having to read and write English.Cubans,the third group,arrived in the early 1960s.They were fleeing from Cuba.Philippines,the fourth group,settled mainly on the West Coast.These four groups of Spanish speaking Americans make up one of largest minority group in the na

25、tion.当主题句指出一个事件、故事等叙事性陈述时,一般按时间的先后顺序扩展。George goes through the same morning routine every weekday.At six he is wakened by an alarm clock and gets up.Then he shaves,brushes his teeth,washes his face,and dresses.After that he exercises deep breathing in the garden for ten minutes.Then he has breakfast

26、 and reads the morning newspaper.At seven thirty he says goodbye to his family and leaves for his office.当主题句指出一个论点、定义、抽象概念或需要解释的问题,一般按举例法扩展。举例就是用具体、形象、简单、典型的事例去说明或解释抽象的道理,复杂的概念或深奥的知识。这种方法的特点是具体、明晰、典型、易懂,能增强说明力和感染力。Travelling is a kind of education.For example,visiting places of historic interest ca

27、n enrich your knowledge of history.In addition,while travelling,you can learn about many art forms and architecture different from your own.In this way,you can broaden your horizon.Finally,travelling may offer you an opportunity to get to know people of different culture-their lives,customs,beliefs,

28、etc,so that you may understand them better.No wonder travelling has become more and more popular all over the world.当主题句指出二者或数者之间的差异、区别时,一般要按对比法扩展。Alfred Nobel,the Swedish inventor and industrialist,was a man of many contrasts.He was the son of a bankrupt,but became a millionaire;a scientist with a

29、love of literature;an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist.He made a fortune but lived a simple life,and although cheerful in company,he was often sad in private.A lover of mankind,he never had a wife or family to love him;a patriotic son of his native land,he died alone on foreign soil.He invented a new explosive dynamite to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building,but saw it used as a weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men.