2021届高考英语二轮创新复习 题型重组练（三）练习（含解析）.doc

1、题型重组练(三)(限时30分钟)对应学生用书(单独成册)第146页.阅读理解A(2020福州适应性检测)Your circle of friends may help you get a better reading on your overall health and wellness rather than just using wearable devices such as a Fitbit，according to researchers.The study，published in the journal PLOS ONE，analyzed what the structure o

2、f the social network says about the state of health，happiness and stress.“We were interested in the topology(拓扑学)of the social networkwhat my position within my social network predicts about my health and wellbeing，” said Nitesh V Chawla，a professor at the University of Notre Dame.“What we found was

3、 that the social network structure provides a significant improvement in predictability of the wellness state of an individual over just using the data obtained from wearable devices，like the number of steps or the heart rate，”Chawla said.For the study，participants wore a Fitbit to capture health be

4、havior data about walking，sleeping，the heart rate and the overall activity level.They also completed surveys and selfassessment of their stress，happiness and positivity.Chawla and his team then analyzed the data with a machine learning model，alongside the characteristics of an individuals social net

5、work.The study showed a strong correlation(相关性)between social network structures and the heart rate，the number of steps and the level of activity.The social network structure provided a significant improvement in predicting ones health and wellbeing compared to just looking at health behavior data f

6、rom the Fitbit alone.For example，when the social network structure is combined with the data from wearable devices，the machine learning model achieved a 65 percent improvement in predicting happiness.The model also achieved a 54 percent improvement in predicting ones selfassessed health prediction，a

7、 55 percent improvement in predicting the positive attitude and a 38 percent improvement in predicting success.This study asserts(断言)that without social network information，we only have an incomplete view of an individuals wellness state.To be fully predictive，it is critical to be aware of the socia

8、l network，Chawla said.语篇解读研究发现，比起仅仅通过设备去掌握自己的健康状况，结合社交网络结构能让人们更好地了解自己的健康状况。不通过社交网络信息的健康状况评价是不全面的。1What did the study find?AHow people choose their friend circles.BWhat factors decide your friend circles.CHow your circle of friends influences you.DWhat your circle of friends says about your health.解析

9、：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，研究人员说，朋友圈有助于人们更好地了解自己的健康状况；再结合第二段的内容可知，D项正确。答案：D2How did the researchers draw their conclusions?ABy comparing data.BBy giving examples.CBy analyzing cause and effect.DBy describing personal experiences.解析：推理判断题。倒数第二段和倒数第三段都给出了数据来说明设备结合社交网络结构能更好地预测人的健康等其他方面。据此可推知，研究人员是通过比较数据的方法得出结论的

10、，故A项正确。答案：A3What does the underlined word “critical” mean in the last paragraph?AEasy.BCommon.CImportant. DChallenging.解析：词义猜测题。根据尾段第一句可知，如果没有社交网络信息，我们对人的健康状况的了解是不全面的；结合语境可知，画线词所在句表示要想充分预测人的健康状况，了解社交网络是至关重要的。据此可知，C项正确。答案：C4What do Chawlas words in the last paragraph tell us?AHow fitness devices can

11、be connected with your circle of friends.BThat a persons social network is part of his health picture.CThe best ways to make friends and keep a healthy social circle.DThat wearable devices are not useful for understanding someones health.解析：推理判断题。根据尾段中Chawla所说的话可知，要想充分预测人的健康状况，了解社交网络是至关重要的。据此可推知，个人的

12、社交网络是描述一个人的健康状况的一部分，故B项正确。答案：B词汇积累：Para.1：reading n理解wellness n健康wearable adj.可穿戴的Para.4：improvement n改进处Para.5：selfassessment n自我评估(或评价)Para.11：incomplete adj.不完整的，不完全的，不完善的B(2020山西省重点中学联考)In a new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，researchers studied ironrich r

13、ocks found in Australia，Namibia，and California to get a window into the environmental conditions during the ice age.By examining the chemistry of the iron structure in these rocks，the researchers were able to work out the approximate amount of oxygen in the oceans around 700 million years ago and be

14、tter understand the effects this would have had on all oxygendependent life in oceans.“The evidence suggests that although much of the oceans during the deep freeze would have been impossible to live in due to a lack of oxygen，in areas where the ice sheet begins to float there is a good supply of me

15、ltwater(融水)with oxygen.With the ice sheet beginning to melt，the air bubbles in it are released into the water，giving the ocean oxygen.We call this phenomenon a glacial(冰川的)oxygen pump，”says Maxwell Lechte，a researcher in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at McGill University.Around 700

16、million years ago，the Earth experienced the most severe ice age of its history，threatening the survival of most of the planets life.Previous research has suggested that oxygen dependent life may have been restricted to meltwater on the surface of the ice，but this study provides new evidence of the l

17、iving environments in oceans.“The fact that the global freeze occurred before the evolution of complex animals suggests a link between Snowball Earth and animal evolution.These tough conditions could have accounted for their diversifying into more complex forms，”says Lechte，who is also the studys le

18、ad author.Lechte also points out that while the findings focus on the availability of oxygen，primitive eukaryotes(真核细胞)would also have needed food to survive the severe conditions of the ice age.The researchers plan to explore how these environments might have kept a food web by looking at todays si

19、milar environments that host complex ecosystems.语篇解读生命是如何在冰河时期存活下来的？这是一个困扰科学家多年的问题，研究人员最近有了新发现。5How did the researcher know the life in oceans 700 million years ago?ABy discovering ironrich rocks by chance.BBy examining the oxygen amount in oceans.CBy analyzing the found ironrich rocks.DBy getting a

20、 window into more places on Earth.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，研究人员发现了富含铁的岩石，第二段说明研究人员通过研究岩石中铁结构的化学性质，能计算出大约7亿年前海洋中大概的氧气量，并能了解这对所有依赖氧气的海洋生物产生的影响。由此可知，研究人员研究分析了富含铁的岩石，才了解了7亿年前的海洋生物。故选C。答案：C6What creates a “glacial oxygen pump” according to Maxwell Lechte?AOxygen in meltwater.BIce sheets floating in the oceans.CA

21、 lack of oxygen in the ocean.DA good supply of air above ice sheets.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“the ice sheet begins to float there is a good supply of meltwater with oxygen.With the ice sheet beginning to melt，the air bubbles in it are released into the water，giving the ocean oxygen.We call this phenomenon a g

22、lacial oxygen pump”可知，“glacial oxygen pump”这种现象是由冰融水中的氧气引起的，故选A。答案：A7What might the researchers continue to study in the future?AThe present food web.BDiverse forms of animals.CEvolution of complex animals.DModern ice environments.解析：推理判断题。根据尾段最后一句“The researchers plan to explore how these environme

23、nts might have kept a food web by looking at todays similar environments that host complex ecosystems.”可知，研究人员计划通过研究当今承载着多元生态系统的相似环境来探索这些环境是如何维持食物链的，similar environments指的是与上文提到的severe conditions of the ice age相似的环境，故可推知，研究人员接下来要研究现代的冰环境。答案：D8What is the best title for the text?ANewly Discovered Iro

24、nrich RocksBLife Evidence Found in Melting Ice SheetsCSecret of How Animals Survived Ice AgeDThe Importance of Oxygen in the Oceans解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是研究人员通过分析富含铁的岩石，了解冰河时期的环境条件，知晓在冰河时期生命是如何生存下来的，因此选项C正确。答案：C难句分析：By examining the chemistry of the iron structure in these rocks，the researchers wer

25、e able to work out the approximate amount of oxygen in the oceans around 700 million years ago and better understand the effects this would have had on all oxygendependent life in oceans.(Para.2)分析：本句是主从复合句。句子主干是“the researchers were able to work out the approximate amount of oxygen and better under

26、stand the effects”。介词短语“By examining the chemistry of the iron structure in these rocks”作方式状语。effects后跟了省略了that/which的定语从句“this would have had on all oxygendependent life in oceans”。译文：通过研究这些岩石中铁结构的化学性质，研究人员能计算出大约7亿年前海洋中大概的氧气量，并能更好地了解这对所有依赖氧气的海洋生物产生的影响。.完形填空(2020江西省重点高中联考)Celeste Ayala is a police o

27、fficer.She was on_1_at the Sister Maria Ludovica Childrens Hospital when a very_2_baby was brought in by social workers，suffering serious lack of nutrition.He kept crying.Ayala，a mother of a newborn baby herself，asked if she could _3_the baby described as “smelly and dirty”With hospital staffs _4_，s

28、he hugged and nursed him until he stopped weeping.Ayalas colleague，Heredia，_5_the whole process then，took a photo of the_6_act and posted it on the Internet.“I want to make public this great act you_7_today for the baby who you did not know，”_8_Heredias post.“Its beyond the responsibility of an ordi

29、nary officer，but you did it_9_you were his mother.You dont care about the_10_.”Ayala said she did not think twice about_11_the baby.“The medical staff was overloaded and had no time to_12_the little baby.I noticed that he was_13_，as he kept crying and putting his hand into his mouth.It was a_14_mome

30、nt.It broke my soul，so I did that，” said Ayala.“It fills us with_15_that Celeste Ayala nursed a child who cried _16_，”the fire department where Ayala works wrote later.Ayala was_17_to captainas a result of her selfless act，which was_18_online by Cristian Ritondo，the minister of security.Ritondo also

31、 expressed_19_on the social media，“We wanted to thank you for your love that managed to_20_the babys cry.Thats the type of police were proud of and want.”语篇解读文章讲述了在医院值班的女警察主动帮助一个瘦弱、严重缺乏营养的陌生婴儿的暖心故事，女警察的无私行为获得了人们的广泛称赞，也给她带来了晋升的机会。1A.approval BdutyCleave Dstrike解析：根据语境和第二段中的“Its beyond the responsibil

32、ity of an ordinary officer”可知，Ayala当时在儿童医院里值班。on approval“(商品)不满意包退的”；on duty“值班，值勤”；on leave“休假”；on strike“罢工”。答案：B2A.thin BlivelyCdisabled Dinjured解析：根据下文的suffering serious lack of nutrition可知，这个婴儿严重缺少营养，会很瘦，故这里填thin，符合语境。答案：A3A.touch BbatheCadopt Dfeed解析：根据上文的“Ayala，a mother of a newborn baby her

33、self，asked if she could”和下文的“she hugged and nursed him until he stopped weeping”可知，Ayala询问她是否能够给这个婴儿哺乳，得到医务人员的允许后，她开始了行动。故feed“给(人或动物)食物，喂养”符合语境。答案：D4A.inspiration BinstructionCpersuasion Dpermission解析：参见上题解析。inspiration“灵感”；instruction“教导，指导”；persuasion“说服”；permission“允许，许可，准许”。答案：D5A.trusting Bfav

34、oringCwitnessing Dobserving解析：根据语境可知，Ayala的同事Heredia见证了整个过程，并拍下一张照片。witness“目击，亲眼看见”符合题意。favor“较喜欢，选择”；observe“观察”。答案：C6A.hard BfondCrespectful Dcareful解析：Ayala给孩子哺乳，这是温暖慈爱的行为。fond“温情的，慈爱的”符合语境。respectful“有礼貌的，恭敬的”。答案：B7A.arranged BhidCsupported Dperformed解析：此处表示Heredia发了帖子，想让大家知道Ayala做的好事。perform在此

35、处表示“做，履行，执行”。arrange“安排，筹划”；hide“隐藏，隐瞒”；support“支持”。答案：D8A.read BinstructedCindicated Dresponded解析：“I want to make public this great act you _7_ today for the baby who you did not know”是Heredia在网上发帖时配的文字，故选A。这里的read属于熟词生义的用法，意为“(指示牌、信上等)写着”。答案：A9A.even though BunlessCwhile Das if解析：上文谈到Ayala给婴儿哺乳，下文

36、提到“Ayala said she did not think twice”，因此这里表示她这样做了，仿佛她就是婴儿的母亲。even though“尽管”；unless“除非，如果不”；while“当的时候”；as if “好像，仿佛”。答案：D10A.result BillnessCsmell Dharm解析：第一段提到smelly and dirty，所以本空选C，表示她不介意孩子身上的“难闻的气味”。答案：C11A.rescuing BprotectingCassisting Dchecking解析：根据上文的故事介绍可知，此处表示她并没有多想就帮助了这个婴儿。rescue“解救，救援”

37、；protect“保护”；assist“协助，帮助”；check“检查，查看”。答案：C12A.attend to Breflect onClook into Dtake out解析：结合上文Ayala帮助婴儿以及“The medical staff was overloaded and had no time to _12_ the little baby.”可推测，医务人员太忙了，因此没有时间照料这个婴儿。attend to“照料，关怀”；reflect on“认真思考，沉思”；look into“调查，审查”；take out“带(某人)出去”。答案：A13A.adorable Bene

38、rgeticChungry Dsick解析：根据空后提到的原因“as he kept crying and putting his hand into his mouth”可知，孩子在哭，还将手放在嘴里，这是饥饿的表现，故选C。adorable“可爱的，讨人喜爱的”；energetic“精力充沛的，充满活力的”；sick“生病的”。答案：C14A.memorable BbitterChorrible Dchallenging解析：根据上文对婴儿的描述以及下文的“It broke my soul”可知，此处表示那是一个令人难过的时刻。bitter表示“带来痛苦的，令人难过的”，符合语境。memo

39、rable“难忘的，值得纪念的”；horrible“可怕的”；challenging“富于挑战性的，困难而有趣的”。答案：B15A.pride BambitionCenthusiasm Dsurprise解析：根据文章末尾的“Thats the type of police were proud of and want.”和语境可知，他们为她的大爱行为感到“骄傲”。ambition“雄心壮志”；enthusiasm“热情”；surprise“惊讶”。答案：A16A.slightly BconsequentlyCsuddenly Dconstantly解析：根据第一段中的“He kept cry

40、ing.”和第三段中的“as he kept crying”可知，婴儿哭个不停。constantly“持续不断地，经常地”符合语境。slightly“略微，稍微”；consequently“结果，因此，所以”；suddenly“迅速而意外地，突然，突如其来地”。答案：D17A.reported BpromotedCintroduced Drecommended解析：根据第二段的“Its beyond the responsibility of an ordinary officer”和空后的to captain可知，因为Ayala无私的行为，她从一个普通的警察晋升为队长。promote“提升，

41、晋升”。答案：B18A.evaluated BannouncedCdemanded Ddescribed解析：Ayala晋升为队长的事情由安全部部长Cristian Ritondo在网上宣布。evaluate“评估，评价”；announce“宣布，宣告，公布”；demand“需要，需求”；describe“描述”。答案：B19A.effort BdesireCappreciation Dpromise解析：根据下文的“We wanted to thank you for your love”可知，Cristian Ritondo在社交媒体上表达了对Ayala的感谢。appreciation“感

42、激，感谢”。答案：C20A.calm BchangeCunderstand Dreduce解析：calm“使平静”符合语境。第一段的until he stopped weeping是对本题的提示。答案：A熟词生义：Para.1：nurse常用义：n.护士v.看护，照料(病人或伤者)文章义：v.喂奶，哺育The lioness is still nursing her cubs.这只母狮还在给她的幼崽喂奶。fond常用义：adj.喜爱的文章义：adj.温情的，慈爱的(只作前置定语)a fond look/embrace/farewell慈爱的目光/温情的拥抱/深情的告别Para.2：read常用义：v.阅读，读懂文章义：v.(指示牌、信上等)写着A sign on the outer door read “No Entry”外边的门上有一块牌子写着“禁止入内”。