2021届高考英语二轮复习 备考专项冲刺 专题15 特殊句式（含解析）.doc

1、专题15 【特殊句式】解题指导触类旁通寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”巧解特殊句式一、熟记句型结构，轻松确定答案常考的特殊句型都有一定的规律和句式结构，比如强调句基本结构为“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他”，其判断方法：若去掉It is/was和that/who之后，句子仍完整，则题干为强调句。二、巧用还原法，化难为易对于一些特殊句型来说，一般情况下，考生可以把它还原为正常句型，如把倒装语序还原为正常语序，把省略句补全等，便能降低解题难度。三、 寻方法，求策略题型一、语法填空考法1考查祈使句、感叹句和省略句1祈使句的4种句式动词原形(宾语其他成分)Be表语，如：Be honest

2、.Lets/Let us do/not do sth.祈使句and/or简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)2感叹句的3种句式(常与宾语从句结合在一起考查)What (a/an)形容词名词主语谓语/系！How形容词a/an单数可数名词主语谓语/系！How形容词/副词主语系/谓语！3记准状语从句2个省略条件状语从句如满足以下2个条件，从句的主语和be动词可省略。在when、 while、 whenever、 till、 as soon as、 if、 unless、 as if、 though、 as等引导的状语从句中，从句谓语有be动词。主句主语与从句主语一致或从句主语是it。考法2考查强调句和倒

3、装句1牢记强调句的3个句式强调句型的基本构成：It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。not . until的强调句型：It is/was not until .that其他部分。助动词do/does/did动词原形，表“一定/务必”。2部分倒装的3个句式表否定的短语：at no time、 by no means、 not until、 not only等，置于句首，句子要用部分倒装语序。“only状语(从句)”置于句首时，句子(主句)才倒装；“only主语”置于句首，句子不倒装。当so . that、 such . that中的so .和

4、such .置句首时，主句主谓部分倒装。题型二、短文改错知 设 错 点请按高考改错格式规范做题设错点1祈使句与省略句的误用祈使句的谓语动词一律用动词原形。短文改错对祈使句的考查较多，解题关键在于根据句子类型判断动词应用什么形式，同时注意句首第一个字母大写。状语从句的省略句式中，如主语与动词是主动关系，用现在分词形式；如是被动关系，用过去分词形式。设错点2there/here be句型和强调句型的误用there be句型表“有”，但there不能与have(有)连用，there不能用其他单词替换。看到there be句型，要注意主谓一致和时态。强调句型中，要用that作连接词，不能用which或

5、其他词，且不能省略。被强调部分是人，且作主语时，连接词可以用who。设错点3倒装句中系动词等的错用或缺失看到倒装句，要注意其谓语动词的人称和数。利用句中的时态、时间状语或语境确定助动词/情态动词/系动词的正确使用。考点突破针对提能明考点，攻重难，有效提升考点一、强调句1陈述句式：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)一般疑问句：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词is/wasitthat其他？(2017天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment that I

6、 first came across my new neighbors.正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。(四川卷)Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？2not.until.的强调句：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他(注意时态)(湖南卷)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not o

7、nly its beauty but also its weather.直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。【名师点津】(1)当强调句的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，要用陈述句语序。I wonder who it was that told Jim the news.我想知道是谁告诉吉姆这个消息的。(2)强调谓语动词，用do/does/did动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。考点二、倒装句完全倒装表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词(短语)here, there, now, then, up, down, away, off, in, out,

8、 in the room, on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时部分倒装否定副词(never, neither, nor, hardly, little, seldom, rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case等)置于句首时only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时部分倒装“so/neither助动词/be动词/情态动词主语”表示“也是如此/也不”“Not only部分倒装， but also.”表示“不仅而且”not until.置于句首时， 主句需部分倒装Soad

9、j./adv.部分倒装that./Such(a/an)adj.n.部分倒装that.表示“如此以至于”(江苏卷)Not until recently did they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。(湖南卷)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.直到讨论了那个问题几个小时之后他们才做出决定。(四

10、川卷)We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work.我们听到笑话时会笑，却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们发笑的。(陕西卷)John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，一个他以前从未见过的女孩站在那里。考点三、其他特殊句式(一)省略1状语从句的省略当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去

11、分词/不定式。(湖南卷)Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.孩子在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。2不定式的省略(1) 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语), 只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect, hope, intend, mean, try, want, wish等词后。(江苏卷)Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they dont w

12、ant to.首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。(2)but用作介词，意为“除之外”时，前面有实义动词do, 后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接不定式时，不能省略 to。(陕西卷)If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。【名师点津】特殊的省略结构(常作为插入语来处理)：if so如果这样的话if not 并非如此if ever 如果曾经有的话if necess

13、ary 如果有必要的话if possible 如果可能的话if any 如果有的话(二)感叹句1what引导的感叹句(1)Whata/an(adj.)可数名词单数主语谓语！(2)What(adj.)不可数名词/可数名词复数主语谓语！2how引导的感叹句(1)Howadj./adv.主语谓语！(2)Howadj.a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！(3)How主语谓语！(辽宁卷)What a strange plant(How strange a plant)! Ive never seen it before.多么奇怪的一种植物啊！我以前从未见过。The shocking news made me

14、realize what terrible problems we would face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。(三)祈使句祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加dont, 也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。Do your homework before you watch TV.看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。(四)there be句型(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live, r

15、emain, stand, lie, exist, seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be等替换。There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。(2)there be句型的常考句型：There is no point/sense (in) doing

16、 sth.做某事没有意义。There is no doubt that.毫无疑问There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事。There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难。There is no possibility of (doing) sth./that.(做)某事没有可能性。跟踪检测迁移应用练模拟，练规范，夯基提能 I.高考真题诊断单句语法填空1.(2020全国I）But remember, its you _has to grow and read and

17、reread in order to better understand your friends.2.(2018全国II)I didnt realize how right my parents were_I entered high school.3.(2018天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.4.(2018全国卷II)“Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _（feed

18、)its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the banks Juergen Voegele.5.(2019 天津卷)The professor warned the students that on no account _（they, should) use mobile phones in his class.【答案详解】1.that/who 此处为强调句型，强调主语 you,指人，故填that/who.句意：但是请记住，是你需要成长、阅读、再阅读，以

19、便更好地理解你的朋友。2.答案：until 解析：这里是考查“not.until.”结构。句意：直到我上高中，我才意识到我的父母是多么正确。3.答案：that 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为“Its.that.”强调句型。句意:直到汽车在我们家门口停了下来，我们才看到莉莉坐在副驾驶座上。4.答案：feeding 解析：while 后面省略了 China is。省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略，故填feeding。句意：世界银行的Juergen Voegele说，中国在保护环境的同时，养活

20、本国的公民的办法，为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定者提供了有益的经验”。5.should they 解析：此处表示否定含义的介词短语on no account 位于宾语从句句首，宾语从句要用部分倒装结构。句意：那位教授告诫这些学生，他们绝对不应该在他的课上使用手机。II.精选典题特殊句式专题对点训练单句语法填空6.During the visiting, we were told not to touch the equipment in the laboratory unless _ (allow) to.7.Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the

21、 early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognized.8.Around this point _(develop) the story, which is humorous and full of a strong local flavor.9.Is it he or you _ are in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?10. In that way，World Read Aloud Day _help make a difference.1

22、1.He offered to get my suitcase out of the trunk.I collected it and walked away. _ did he.12. _is no doubt that human activity，which does great harm to the environment，is the main cause.13.One has reason to believe that Chinas anticorruption over the past few years, tough _ it is, has achieved inspi

23、ring progress.14. Are you too old for fairy tales? If you think _, Copenhagen is sure to change your mind.15. Not until recently _ they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.【答案详解】6.答案：allowed 解析：unless引导的条件状语从句的主语we和主句的主语一致,且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成：连词unle

24、ss过去分词结构。句意：参观期间，除非我们被告知允许，否则不要触摸实验室里的设备。7.答案：that 解析：本题考查强调句型“it was not until.that.”。句意：巴赫死于1750年，但是直到19世纪初他的音乐天赋才得到完全认可。8.答案：develops 解析：表示地点、时间或方位的介词短语around this point置于句首，且主语为名词story，故主谓完全倒装。句意：故事就围绕着这个点展开，很幽默，充满了浓厚的地方气息。9.答案：who/that 解析：分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句的一般疑问句形式。构成：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他？强调主语

25、you ，所以填who 或that。句意：是他还是你负责这项工作并应该准时完成？10.答案：does 解析：本句主语为单数第三人称，设空处后的谓语动词是动词原形help，根据提示词do可知本题考查强调。do/does/did放在实义动词前表示强调。本句主语为单数第三人称，故填does。句意为：通过那种方式，世界大声读书日的确帮助产生了影响。11.答案：So 解析：根据句意判断，所填的词要能表达出后一种情况与前面情况相同这一意义，故用so.构成“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词十主语”这种倒装结构，表示“.也。句意：他主动提出把我的手提箱从后备箱里拿出来。我拿起它，走开了。他也走开了。12.答案

26、：There 解析：“There is no doubt that.”为固定句型.意为：毫无疑问。句意为：毫无疑问，非常危害环境的人类活动是主要原因。13. 答案：as/though 解析：as/though引导让步状语从句采用倒装句式。句意：有理由相信在过去几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就，虽然该活动很艰难。14.答案：so 解析：本句考查省略。so被置于believe，hope，suppose，think等动词后以避免重复。本句中so用来代替you are too old for fairy tales。句意：你是不是老得连童话都不想听了?如果你这样认为, 哥本哈根肯定会改变你的想

27、法。15.答案：did 解析：Not until.位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装；encourage表示的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。句意：直到近来他们才鼓励农村地区旅游相关活动的发展。III.精选典题特殊句式专题对点训练单句改错16. He hasnt slept at all for four days.There is no wonder that he is worn out. 17. Just as the old saying goes，Happiness lies in contentment.” Only in this way we relax ourselves and a

28、chieve more progress.18. It was since the bus broke down on the way to the station that we missed the train.19.Not until then I know my senior high school life had really begun. 20.It is working teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more efficient.【答案详解】16.答案：Th

29、ereIt 解析：It is no wonder that.是一个固定句型，意为“难怪.”。句意：他已经四天没睡了。难怪他筋疲力尽的。17.答案：way后加can或者will 解析：当“only+状语”位于句首时，要用部分倒装。句意：正如那句老话所说，幸福在于知足。只有这样我们才能放松自己，取得更大的进步。18.sincebecause考查强调句。 强调原因只能用because。句意：正是因为公共汽车在去车站的路上出了故障，我们才错过了火车。19.答案：在I前加did 解析：考查倒装句。当Not until位于句首时，句子要倒装。其结构为：Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词(肯定形式

30、)+(主句)主语+谓语+故在I前加did。句意：直到那时我才知道我的高中生活真正开始了。20. 答案：whichthat 解析：本句考查强调句型。强调句型为：It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他成分。由此可见需将which改为that。句意为：是团队合作精神而不是我自己单打独斗使我克服了困难并使我的工作效率更高。IV.精选典题特殊句式专题对点训练短文语法填空A：Nowadays，the science and technology is developing very fast，_21_it?B：Yes. If we want to keep pace with the develo

31、pment of society，well have to update our knowledge now and then.A：Hardly had I lost my previous job_22_I realized how important it was to adjust to the new society. We must learn to fit in or well fall behind.B：I agree with you on that.It was not until the 1980s_23_we began to attach importance to t

32、aking advantage of modern technology. So much_24_we made good use of computer science that it can be seen in every field over the past decades.A：Yes， there is little doubt that having a good knowledge of computer is of vital importance，_25_there?B：Yes，of course，It was in 1998_26_my father bought a c

33、omputer for his business. Not until then_27_he realize_28_fast and convenient it was to make the best of the computer.A：Ive heard that a new type of computer is on show.B：If_29_，lets go to see it after work. By the way， where is it_30_the exhibition is being held?A：It is in the market located in the

34、 centre of the town.B：I see.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了科技电脑的重要性。21.答案：isnt 解析：反意疑问句的结构为：陈述句为肯定句，反意疑问句部分用否定式。22.答案：when 解析：Hardly had sb.done when-为固定倒装句式，意为“一就23.答案：that 解析: It was not until.that.为固定强调句型。24.答案：have 解析: so十形容词/副词位于句首，句子采用部分倒装。25.答案：is 解析: There is little.的反意疑问句为is there。26.答案：that 解析：It was .that.为强调句型。27.答案：did 解析: Not until位于句首， 句子采用部分倒装， in 1998与一般过去时连用。28.答案：how 解析: how+形容词+主语十谓语， 为感叹句的结构。29.答案：so 解析: if so如果这样的话。30.答案：that 解析: 该空为强调句型的特殊疑问句式。