2021届新高考英语一轮复习外研版课时作业：第一编 选修8 MODULE5 THE CONQUEST OF THE UNIVERSE WORD版含解析.doc

1、课时作业.阅读A(2018北京高考)Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation (航空) CenterIf youre looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with handson tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated

2、 from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with realworld applications for what theyre studying in the classroom.For th

3、e trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges (荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challen

4、ge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about waterand landsurvival t

5、hrough designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp pr

6、ograms for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a weekthere is something here for everyone!For more details, please visit us online at www. oursac. com.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。人们可以在航空航天中心体验冒险的乐趣，还可以得到相关且专业的训练。1Why do people come to SAC?ATo experience adventures.BTo look for jobs in aviati

7、on.CTo get a degree in engineering.DTo learn more about medicine.答案：A细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，人们来SAC是为了体验冒险。故选A。2To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .Afly to spaceBget an Aviation badge firstCstudy the principles of flightDbuild and fire model rockets答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，为了获得太空探索荣誉徽章，学员们需要

8、建造和发射火箭模型。故选D。3What is the most important for trainees?ALeadership.BTeam spirit.CTask planning.DSurvival skills.答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，在所有的项目中，团队合作是关键，因为学员知道了领导力以及成为更大任务中的一分子的重要性。因此对于学员来说，最重要的是团队精神。故选B。【词汇积累】unique adj. 独特的seek v. 寻找；寻求a wide variety of 多种多样的principle n. 原理；原则；法则【难句分析】原文：More than 750,

9、000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. 750,000多人已经从航天航空中心毕业，其中很多人在工程、航空、教育、医学以及其他的各种职业中找到了工作。(第二段第一句)分析：本句为简单句。句中with many seeking employment .为with的复合结构。B(2019全国卷)Bacteria are an annoying probl

10、em for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? Its turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids.

11、It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordons students have been studying

12、 ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution (解决方案). “We dont give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no tests，” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no gr

13、ades, other thanAre you working towards your goal？ Basically, its Ive got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.Engineers come and really do an inperson review, and . its not a very nice thing at times. Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says th

14、e HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I dont teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable sol

15、ution to test in space.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。4What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?AThey are hard to get rid of.BThey lead to air pollution.CThey appear in different forms.DThey damage the instruments.答案：A推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，来自我们身体的微生物在太空

16、站的表面增长得很快，宇航员每周得花很长时间清理它们，由此断定太空站里的细菌很难清除，故答案为A。5What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?ATo strengthen teacherstudent relationships.BTo sharpen students communication skills.CTo allow students to experience zero gravity.DTo link space technology with school education.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，HUNCH项目的目

17、的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。6What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?ACheck their product.BGuide project designs.CAdjust work schedules.DGrade their homework.答案：A细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，NASA工程师亲自检查那些高中学生的产品，故答案为A。7What is the best title for the text?ANASA: The Home of AstronautsBSpace: T

18、he Final Homework FrontierCNature: An Outdoor ClassroomDHUNCH: A College Admission Reform答案：B标题判断题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，选项B将其完美地结合了起来，故答案为B。【词汇积累】uncontrollably adv. 控制不住地connect vt. 连接；联合other than 除了admission n. 准许加入，加入权；承认【难句分析】原文：It is depending on

19、NASA HUNCH high school classrooms，like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York. 这个问题取决于美国国家航空航天局HUNCH中学的课堂，就像位于纽约费尔波特的费尔波特中学的科学老师Gene Gordon和Donna Himmelberg领导的项目一样。(第一段最后一句)分析：本句为主从复合句。“It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school cl

20、assrooms”是主句，like是介词，后面接宾语the one，在the one后是一个省略了关系代词that的定语从句，that作lead的宾语，可省略。C(2020广西柳州市高三上学期摸底考试)Dr Nancy Roman, born in 1925, who was celebrated as a pioneer for female scientists and had advanced the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, died on Dec. 25, 2018. When Nancy Roman asked for permis

21、sion to take a second algebra (代数) course in high school, a teacher demanded to know “what lady would take mathematics instead of Latin”. In college, a professor admitted that he often tried to prevent women from majoring in physics but Nancy stuck to it. And after receiving Doctors degree in astron

22、omy, she found a professional home at NASA (美国宇航局). In 1959, Dr Roman became the first chief of astronomy at NASA headquarters, a role that made her one of the agencys first female leaders.Dr Roman spent much of her career helping develop, fund and promote technology that would help scientists see m

23、ore clearly beyond Earths atmosphere. But her most wellknown work was perhaps leading to design the Hubble Space Telescope, the first major telescope to be sent into space for the purpose of gathering photographs and data from the universe. She was, therefore, named as “the mother of Hubble”. “She m

24、ade it possible to get the early telescope up into space to learn what needed to be learned，” said science historian Bob Zimmerman, “and her hardnosed nature helped get the telescope built.”The telescope did not launch until 1990, a little more than a decade after Dr Roman retired, but when it did,

25、its photographs of the universe thrilled the world. “I am glad，” she once told Science, “I ignored the people who told me that I could not be an astronomer.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国天文学家Nancy Roman传奇的一生。 文章旨在告诉我们只要坚持自己的梦想，终会达成所愿。8What can we conclude from the teachers reaction to Nancy Romans applicatio

26、n for taking a second algebra course? AThe teacher doubted it. BThe teacher didnt care about it. CThe teacher accepted it at once. DThe teacher was strongly against it.答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，在中学时当Nancy Roman请求批准再参加代数课程时，一位老师要求知道“哪个女士会选择数学而不是拉丁语？”由此可推知老师持怀疑的态度，故选A。9What was the most famous achievement

27、of Nancy Romans work?AShe was one of the founders of NASA.BShe proved the black hole really existed. CShe was the first female astronomer in the world. DShe led to design the Hubble Space Telescope.答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“但是她最著名的工作也许是带领设计哈勃空间望远镜，这是第一个被送入太空的大型望远镜，目的是从宇宙中收集照片和数据。”可知选D。10When did Dr Nancy R

28、oman probably retire? AIn 1969. BIn 1979. CIn 1990. DIn 2000.答案：B细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The telescope did not launch until 1990, a little more than a decade after Dr Roman retired”(这种望远镜直到1990年才发射升空，在 Roman博士退休后的十多年)可知选B。11What can we learn from Dr Nancy Romans words in the last paragraph? AShe was very pro

29、ud of what she had done for the country. BShe thought highly of the people who hadnt believed her. CShe was delighted to have become an astronomer in spite of the prejudice on her. DShe had hardnosed nature and never cared about other peoples opinions.答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I am glad”(我很高兴)以及“I ignored

30、the people who told me that I could not be an astronomer.”(我不在乎那些告诉我不能成为天文学家的人。)可推知选C。【词汇积累】telescope n. 望远镜stick to 坚持astronomy n. 天文学promote v. 促进；推动thrill v. 使非常兴奋；使非常激动【难句分析】原文：In 1959, Dr Roman became the first chief of astronomy at NASA headquarters, a role that made her one of the agencys fir

31、st female leaders. 1959年，罗曼博士成为美国国家航空航天局总部的第一位天文学主管。这一角色使她成为该机构首批女性领导人之一。(第二段最后一句)分析：本句是主从复合句。a role that made her one of the agencys first female leaders作chief of astronomy at NASA headquarters的同位语，其中that引导定语从句，修饰role。.语法填空(2020安徽省六安市毛坦厂中学东城校区高三模拟)The woman often called the First Lady of New York d

32、ied on August. Brooke Astor was one hundred and five years old. The extremely wealthy and famous New Yorker spent much of her life 1 (help) the needy in her beloved city.She was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. She was the only child of a high level military officer. After two earlier 2 (marry), s

33、he married Vincent Astor in 1953 again. He came from a family 3 had been rich for at least one hundred years. Among other things, he owed many buildings in New York City. Brooke Astor became one of the 4 (rich) women in the world when Vincent Astor died. She also became head of a huge charity organi

34、zation 5 (found) by her husband. He repeatedly had told her she would have fun giving 6 his money. And apparently she did. Miss Astor gave tens of millions of dollars 7 (main) to places and people in New York City. She said it was the sensible choice because that was 8 the money had been made. She g

35、ave financial support to the citys cultural centers, the poor and disabled as 9 as to many smaller charities. When she died, the mayor of New York said the city would not be what it is today 10 her support.1 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位乐善好施的女士给予了纽约文化中心、穷人、残疾人和其他小的慈善团体很多资金上的支持。纽约市长对她

36、给予了高度评价。1helping考查非谓语动词。spend时间段(in) doing sth. “花时间做某事”。应用动名词形式helping。2marriages考查名词。空前为two earlier，故应用名词复数形式marriages。3that/which考查定语从句的引导词。“ had been rich for at least one hundred years”为定语从句，修饰family，从句中缺主语，指物，故应用that或which。4richest考查形容词最高级。句意：当Vincent Astor去世的时候，Brooke Astor成为世界上最富有的女性之一。根据句意及

37、空前the可知，本空应用形容词最高级richest。5founded考查非谓语动词。found和charity organization为被动关系，故应用过去分词形式founded。6away考查副词。句意：他多次对她说，她会很乐意把他的钱捐出去。give away “分发”，故应用副词away。7mainly考查副词。修饰动词give应用副词mainly。8where考查名词性从句。句意：她说这是一个明智的选择，因为钱就是在这里挣的。“ the money had been made”为表语从句，根据句意可知从句缺地点状语，故应用where。9well考查固定短语。句意：她给予城市文化中心、穷人、残疾人和其他小的慈善团体资金上的支持。as well as “也”，故本空应用well。10without考查介词。句意：当去世的时候，纽约市长说没有她的支持这个城市不会是现在的样子。根据句意应用介词without。