高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破 第8讲 定语从句课件 牛津译林版.ppt

1、栏目导引语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关第二部分 第八讲欢迎来到英语课堂第八讲 定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句who人主语、宾语(2014高考新课标全国卷)And then，how many adults，who now complain(抱怨)about the long drives to work，eagerly drove for hours at a time when they first obtained their drivers licenses(执照)？然而，有多少最初拿到驾照的时候是很渴望开车几个小时的成年人也抱怨开车上班时间长。关

2、系代词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句whomthat人宾语(2014高考山东卷)Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog，whom they had started to call Riley.四天后，安还在照看他们开始叫它Riley的狗。人或物主语、宾语、表语(不引导非限制性定语从句)A plane is a machine that can fly.I dont know the man(that)you mentioned.关系代词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句whichwhose物主语、宾语(2014高考湖南卷)Over the

3、 years,Ive learned to iron shirts skillfully,which gives me a sense of pride.几年来,我已经学会了自己娴熟的熨衣服的技巧,这使我应该感到骄傲。人或物定语Do you know the boy whose father(the father of whom/of whom the father)is an engineer？He lives in a house whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows)face south.(2014高考江西卷)Am

4、ong the many dangers _ sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog.AwhichBwhatCwhere Dwhen A 二、只用that，which情况情况用法说明例句只用that的情况(1)先行词为all，everything，anything，nothing，little，much等不定代词时；(2)先行词被all，any，every，each，much，little，no，some，few等修饰时；(3)先行词由形容词最高级和序数词修饰时；(4)先行词既指人又指物时；(5)先行词被the only

5、，the very修饰时。He told me everything that he knows.All the books that you offered have been given out.This is the best film that I have ever seen.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.He is the only man that I want to see.情况用法说明例句只用which情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中，只用which；(2)由“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，

6、只能用which。My cousin Tina serves as a translator,which is quite popular in some foreign business firms.B2(2014高考陕西卷)Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.Athat BwhichCas DwhatA 三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句when(at/on/in/during which)where(at/in which)时间时间

7、状语We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.地点地点状语(2013高考新课标全国卷)When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.关系副词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句why(for which)温馨提示原因原因状语I dont know the reason why(for which)he was late.(1)the way作先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时

8、，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；(2)当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时,其后的关系词就用that或which。The way(that/in which)he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(状语)比较：The way(that/which)heexplained to us was quite simple.(宾语)关系副词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句温馨提示当先行词是situation，stage，process,activity,case，condition等，且关系词在从

9、句中作状语时,要用关系副词where,作主语、宾语用which或that。(2014芜湖一中模拟)A house bubble is an economic situation which occurs when house prices rise much too fast.(2013高考浙江卷)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform where visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.关系副词指代范围在从句中所作成分

10、例句温馨提示先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.C2(2014高考福建卷)Students should involve themselves in community activities _they can gain experience for growth.Awho BwhenCwhich Dwhere解析：考查定语从句。句意：学生们应该积极参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以

11、获得成长的经验。分析句子结构可知，本句的先行词是community activities，将其移到后面的定语从句中为：they can gain experience for growth(in)community activities，由此可知关系词代替先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。D四、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句介词关系代词名(代)词介词which/whomPlease pass me the book，the cover of which is blue.数词/形容词最高级ofwhich/whomHe has ten cousins，the youngest

12、 of whom is clever.介词(短语)which/whom(2014高考天津卷)Our class is made up of 52 students,all of whom are friendly and hard working.我们班有52名学生,他们都很友好,学习很努力。介词关系代词介词which/whose名词(2014高考江西卷)A safari park is a park in which wild animals are kept.南非动物园是养动物的地方。I wish to thank Professor Smith,without whose help I

13、would never have got this far.温馨提示(1)“复合介词短语关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。I can see a mountain in the distance，on the top of which stands an old temple dating from the Ming Dynasty.(2)不常见的“介词关系副词”结构，如from where，since when等，意思上相当于from there，since then。I came here in 1949，since wh

14、en I have been engaged in this work.我1949年到这里，从那时起我就从事这项工作。China is the birth place of kites，from where kite flying spread to Japan，Korea，Thailand and India.中国是风筝的故乡，从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。(2014高考天津卷)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，_ uses it differently.Aall of which Beach of

15、whichCall of them Deach of themB解析：考查定语从句及主谓一致。句意：英语是一种被好几种不同文化共享的语言，每种文化都用不同的方式使用它。首先根据空格后的uses使用的是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式知，空格处需用单数名词或代词，可从B、D两项中选择(A项和C项中的all暗示空格后用use)；再根据uses是谓语动词知空格处是主语，只有B项each of which能作主语，由此本句构成了定语从句。若选D项each of them，空格前后两部分需用转折连词but连接，即构成but each of them uses，或用独立主格结构each of them usi

16、ng it differently。五、as引导的定语从句定语从句区别例句as引导限制性定语从句(1)“the same.that”that修饰的名词与原物是同一个；(2)“the same.as.”as修饰的是与先行词同类型的一个东西This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.(同一个书包)This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.(同类型的另一个)“such/so.as.”和“such/so.that.”结构不同，as引导定语从句，而that引导状语从句。They talked in such simple

17、English as children could understand.(定语从句)They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.(状语从句)定语从句区别例句as引导非限制性定语从句(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，通常先行词为整个句子，意为“正如，正像”。as引导的从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还要插入主句中。as常用于下列习惯用语中：as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样The air quality in the city,as is shown in the re

18、port,has improved over the past two months.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。定语从句区别例句as引导非限制性定语从句as often happens正如经常发生的那样as has been said before正如以前所说的那样as is mentioned above正如上面提到的as is often the case情况往往是这样(2)which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时,常译为“这一点,这件事”等.which从句只能位于被修饰句子的后面。They won the game,as we had ex

19、pected.正如我们所预料的一样,他们赢得了比赛。The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.天气结果很好，这超出了我的想象。1(2013高考山东卷)There is no simple answer，_ is often the case in science.Aas Bthat Cwhen Dwhere A2(2013高考安徽卷)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，_ made one of the Ch

20、inese peoples longheld dreams come true.Ait BthatCwhat DwhichD 六、特殊定语从句分隔式定语从句插入式定语从句省略式定语从句介词关系副词先行词与关系词分隔关系代词与定语从句之间有插入语介词关系代词不定式from where/since when也可引导定语从句The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.体力是你赖以生存的唯一手段的日子一去不复返了。(2015重庆一中高三模拟)To own a computer in famil

21、ies，which we thought was impossible twenty years ago，now becomes true.家里有台电脑，在20年前我们认为这是不可能的事，现在实现了。We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town.我们站在山顶上能看到全镇的景色。The poor man has no house in which to live.The poor man has no house(that/which)he can live in.这个可怜的人没有房子住。温馨提示 在英语中，有许多从

22、句，如主语从句、同位语从句以及强调句型与定语从句有许多相似之处。因此，命题人会利用这些相似性，设置一个特定语境，来考查考生对这些易混点的辨析能力。遇到这样的问题，我们的思路就是，抓住它们各自的特征，结合语境去判断到底属于何种句型或从句。I have three cars，none of which is in good condition.(定语从句)I have three cars，but none of them is in good condition.(并列句)The suggestion that he came up with is practical.(定语从句,that在从句中充当宾语可省略)He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning.(同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分，但不可省略)(2014高考重庆卷)Well reach the sales targets in a month _we set at the beginning of the year.Awhich BwhereCwhen DwhatA 栏目导引语法精讲考点整合语法专练知能闯关第二部分 第八讲