上海市嘉定区第一中学2021-2022学年高一英语下学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）.docx

1、嘉定一中高一年级第二学期英语学科期末质量诊断（时间:120分钟 满分 150分）I. Listening comprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once

2、. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Spend more time working on chemistry problems.B. Talk to his advisor about dropping the course.C. Work on the assignme

3、nt with a classmate.D. Ask graduate assistants for help.2. A. Go home to get the washing. B. Send dirty clothes to the laundry.C. Pick up the washing. D. Remind the woman to hurry up.3. A. The woman could use his calculator.B. Hell finish the adding up for the woman.C. The womans calculator is bette

4、r than his.D. Hes faster at adding numbers up than the woman.4. A. The final will begin next week.B. The man should talk with his doctor again.C. She hopes the man will be able to play in the final.D. She wants the man to watch the soccer game with her.5. A. The advisor will approve of the mans clas

5、s schedule.B. The advisor is not easy to make an appointment with.C. The man should work harder next semester.D The man should go to see his advisor.6. A. An educational policy. B. An economic issue.C. A heated debate. D. A famous economist.7. A. The former is more valued than the latter.B. Views on

6、 them vary from person to person.C. The former is less valued than the latter.D. Neither of them should be valued so much.8. A. Disappointed. B. Puzzled. C. Astonished. D. Relieved.9. A. Why the woman took up this job.B. Why there are ice-cream tasting schools.C. How the man went into the ice-cream

7、business.D. How it feels to work as an ice-cream taster.10. A. They can go to the theatre on foot.B. The theatre is on the other side of the town.C. This town is big enough to walk around.D. Everything in the town is worth visiting.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages,

8、 and you will be asked to questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 t

9、hrough 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A doctor. B. A model. C. A TV host. D. A magazine editor.12. A. Kirsty is very likely to develop an eating disorder.B. Teen programmes talk a lot about appearance.C. Being thin is a common trend.D. Magazines are informative.13. A. How to develop a

10、healthy diet.B. Whether the media are a bad influence.C. How to follow famous peoples lifestyles.D Whether your appearance should matter or not.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Peary wasnt an experienced explorer.B. He had reached the pole before Peary did.C. Peary h

11、ad announced his success too late.D. Pearys exploration wasnt thoroughly investigated.15. A. They interviewed Peary himself.B. They examined the tools that Peary used.C. They talked to one of Pearys companions.D. They conducted a computer analysis of his photographs.16. A. Exploration of space. B. D

12、octor Cooks exploration.C. Exploration of the South Pole. D. The Navigation Foundations conclusions.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear a longer conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you are required to answer the following questions.Questio

13、ns 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17 A. A biologist. B. A psychologist. C. An artist. D. A reporter.18. A. Talents play a role in childrens overall development.B. Typical parental involvement is not as important as thought.C. Arts training will improve childrens performance in

14、 other subjects.D. Children need to be assigned to different groups according to their ability.19. A. Its subjects were young children.B. It showed what skill is essential to maths.C. It illustrated why abstract reasoning is important.D. Its results helped explain why parents turn to arts education.

15、20. A. By helping activate childrens brains. B. By helping raise educators awareness.C. By helping children learn how to learn. D. By helping scientists find a rich environment.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B,

16、C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1. Great honors will be given to _ have successfully rescued the victims of the earthquake.A. whomeverB. whoeverC. whoD. those who【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大荣誉将被给与那些成功营救了地震中灾民的人。这是一个定语从句，主句缺宾语，应使用一个人称代词，再由定语从句中的have可知，先行词应是复数形式，故填those。从句缺

17、主语，且先行词指人，故使用关系词who。故选D。2. Nowadays, many developing countries are heavily in debt, because very high interest rates have created a situation these countries now spend $13 on debt repayment for $ 1 they receive.A. that; thatB. which; whenC. where; thatD. where; what【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：现在，很多发展中国家负

18、债累累，因为高利率造成了这样一种情况，这些国家用13美元偿还1美元的债务。分析句子结构可知，本题考查了两处定语从句，第一处的先行词为situation，从句不缺主宾表，缺少地点状语，应该用where，第二处的先行词为$ 1，关系词在从句中作宾语，应该用that，故C项正确。3. The military parade for the upcoming National Day celebrations will involve around 15,000 military personnel, _ scale will be the largest in recent years.A. of

19、whichB. of whatC. whichD. whose【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：即将举行的国庆阅兵将有近15000名军人参加，它的规模将是近年来最大的。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的定语从句修饰先行词military parade，同时关系词在从句中作定语修饰 scale，因此使用whose引导定语从句。在whose引导的定语从句中，whose+n.=the+n.+of which/of whom或者whose+n.= of which/of whom+the+n.。 故选D。4. The old man looked up towards the moon and

20、 seemed, judging from his facial expression, _ of his family.A. to thinkB. thinkingC. to have thoughtD. to be thinking【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老人仰望着月亮，从他的面部表情来看，似乎在想着他的家人。此处为短语seem to do sth.，此处表示正在进行，应用to be doing形式。故选D。5. Some people try to knock me down, only _ me more determined to do better.A. t

21、o makeB. makesC. having madeD. making【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查“only+动词不定式”的用法。句意：有些人试图打倒我，结果却让我更有决心做得更好。“only+动词不定式”用作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果。故选A。6. _ “ Double 11”, which is quickly turning into Chinas biggest grassroots festival, somewhat overlaps with Valentines Day and provides another occasion for lovers to buy ea

22、ch other gifts, most spending on that day doesnt involve a change of single status.A. Ever sinceB. In caseC. Even thoughD. As though【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管“双十一”正迅速成为中国最大的草根节日，与情人节有些重叠，为情侣们提供了另一个为彼此购买礼物的机会，但这一天的大多数消费并不涉及单身状态的改变。A. Ever since自从； B. In case万一； C. Even though尽管； D. As though好像。由“mos

23、t spending on that day doesnt involve a change of single status”可知，句子表示“尽管“双十一”正迅速成为中国最大的草根节日，与情人节有些重叠，为情侣们提供了另一个为彼此购买礼物的机会，但这一天的大多数消费并不涉及单身状态的改变”，空格处意为“尽管”，是even though，引导让步状语从句。故选C。7. _ seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to enter college or university.A. ItB. ThereC

24、. WhatD. That【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查固定句型。句意：在中国，高中生进入学院或大学的竞争似乎很激烈。分析句子结构可知，此处需要填入there一词，构成固定句型：There seems/appears to be+主语，翻译为“看起来，似乎”，其中的seem和appear作为系动词使用。 故选B。8. A total of 35 Chinese universities _ among the worlds 500 best in a ranking released by Chinas Shanghai Jiao Tong University on Monday.A. ra

25、nkedB. rankC. ranksD. ranking【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中国上海交通大学周一发布的排名中，共有35所中国大学跻身世界500强。分析句子结构可知，rank一词在句子中作为谓语动词使用，a total of（总共）修饰可数名词复数时，其谓语动词使用复数形式，并且这个排名结果描述的是“现阶段”的一般性事实，使用一般现在时。故选B。9. The spokeswoman said at the news conference that they were considering having the term the Russian group st

26、rongly objected to _.A. changingB. changedC. changeD. being changed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位女发言人在新闻发布会上说，他们正在考虑改变俄罗斯代表团强烈反对的那个措辞。分析句子结构可知，“the Russian group strongly objected to” 为定语从句，修饰先行词term，将定语从句去掉后可以发现句子中存在“have sth done”的结构，其中term承受change的动作，因此change要使用过去分词的形式作宾语补足语。故选B。10. _ yourself with p

27、ositive people and you will keep focused on what you can do instead of what you cant.A. SurroundingB. Having surroundedC. SurroundD. Surrounded【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查祈使句+and句型。句意：让自己周围都是积极的人，这样你会专注于你能做什么，而不是你不能做什么。根据and后的句子可知，and前也应该是句子，故横线上需填入谓语动词。C项动词原形放在句首，Surround yourself with positive people，这是一个祈使句，构

28、成固定句型：祈使句+and+含有一般将来时的陈述句。该句型中and表示前后句是顺接关系，意思是“那么” 。故选C。Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,

29、 use one word that best fits each blank.The installation of sleeping pods in the University of Manchester library indicates a new era of beanbags（豆袋椅）, futons（日式床垫）and sleep rooms popping up on campuses across the U.K. But does this mean we are finally taking care of our students sleep, _11_ is it a

30、n indication that students now are so constantly sleep-deprived（失眠的）that they _12_ take a nap to get through the day?The benefits of taking a nap are well documented. We know that as little as six minutes sleep can sharpen thinking _13_ improve memory, mood and mental flexibility. Leonardo da Vinci

31、famously lived on 20-minute naps for weeks while oil painting to avoid the paint _14_ (dry).But a full nights sleep benefits the mind on a larger scale. Deep sleep at night facilitates learning and creative thinking. Some studies even show that the parts of the brain responsible for memory and creat

32、ivity will shrink with constant sleep deprivation.Whats concerning for educators is _15_ poor sleep at night is inevitably accompanied by poor academic performance. The most sleep-deprived students are usually also those _16_ show the poorest academic performance on tests.The response of students an

33、d schools to this problem has been curious. In the competitive educational atmosphere of China, time asleep is still viewed as time _17_ (waste). “If I am able to get up ten minutes before my roommates, thats an extra ten minutes I have in my day,” said one student.In the West, the situation is _18_

34、 (contradictory); more and more universities in the U.K. are announcing 8 a.m. classes, something American students have long got accustomed to. By contrast, the University of Oxford has arranged for its students to have an extra hour in bed in the morning, with the expectation that their grades wil

35、l improve.Finally, sleeping pods appeared as a compromise: schools can feel it is taking action to help, and students can feel “safe” to stay up later. Certainly, they are helping someone sleep more soundly, but _19_ that is the student or the school management remains _20_ (see).【答案】11. or 12. must

36、 13. in order to/so as to 14. drying 15. that 16. who 17. wasted 18. more contradictory 19. whether 20. to be seen【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明夜晚高质量的睡眠有助于学生的学习和创造性思维的形成，英国的曼彻斯特大学和牛津大学都采取相应的措施提高学生的睡眠质量。【11题详解】考查连词。句意：但这是否意味着我们终于开始关注我们学生的睡眠，或者这是否表明现在的学生经常睡眠不足，以至于他们必须小睡一下才能度过一天？空格前后两部分的句意存在选择关系，使用or来引出另一种可能性，故填

37、or。【12题详解】考查情态动词。句意：但这是否意味着我们终于开始关注我们学生的睡眠，或者这是否表明现在的学生经常睡眠不足，以至于他们必须小睡一下才能度过一天？此处表示客观上的一种需求，意为“必须”，故填must。【13题详解】考查目的状语。句意：我们知道，只需六分钟的睡眠就可以提高思维能力，从而改善记忆力、情绪和心理灵活性。此处为目的状语，表示“为了”，故填in order to或者so as to。【14题详解】考查动名词。句意：列奥纳多达芬奇在创作油画时以每周20分钟的小睡而闻名从而避免油漆干燥。avoid 后接动名词的复合结构作宾语，故填drying。【15题详解】考查表语从句。句意：

38、教育工作者担心的是，夜间睡眠不足不可避免地伴随着学习成绩不佳的情况。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导表语从句，从句的意思和成分均是完整的，故填that。【16题详解】考查定语从句。句意：最缺乏睡眠的学生通常也是那些考试成绩最差的学生。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词those指人并在从句中作主语，使用关系代词who引导定语从句，故填who。【17题详解】考查过去分词。句意：在中国竞争激烈的教育氛围中，睡觉的时间仍然被视为浪费掉的时间。分析句子结构可知，waste在句子中作为非谓语动词使用，第二个time承受waste的动作，因此使用过去分词作后置定语，故填wasted。【18题详解】考

39、查形容词的比较级。句意：在西方，情况就比较矛盾了。后文提到“英国越来越多的大学宣布上午8 点上课，这是美国学生早已习惯的做法。相比之下，牛津大学安排学生早上多睡一个小时，期望他们的成绩会有所提高”，由此可知，西方国家的情况更加地矛盾，故填more contradictory。【19题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：当然，他们正在帮助某人睡得更香，但究竟是学生还是学校管理层还有待观察。该处考查固定结构whether.or.：是还是，故填whether。【20题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：当然，他们正在帮助某人睡得更香，但究竟是学生还是学校管理层还有待观察。remain的主语“whether that

40、is the student or the school management ”承受see的动作并且尚未发生，因此使用“remain to be done”的结构，表示“某事有待于去做”，故填to be seen。Section C（A）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. ambition B. approached C.

41、inadequately D. occurred E. personally F. potentialG. published H. refresher I. reluctance J. struggled K. traditionalThe last hurrahThe turn of the year is traditionally the time for reviewing ones life, and perhaps for making some resolutions as to what to concentrate on in the coming year; and fo

42、r many years past I have taken advantage of the holiday period to review my own goal and _21_.One thing I did decide to do this year, with some _22_, was to give up writing the Grumpy Old Bookman column in this magazine. Its not that Ive lost interest in the book world, you understand. But Leonard W

43、oolf, husband of writer Virginia Woolf, used to say that a man should change his career every seven years. Though _23_ I would say that changing your whole career so often is going a bit far, I did find, during my own working life, that it acts as a great _24_ if you can occasionally try a new job w

44、ithin the same organisation or line of business.It is in fact well over ten years since our editor wrote to me and asked if I would be interested in writing a regular piece about what was, even then, a rapidly changing publishing scene. He _25_ me because since 2004 I had been writing a regular blog

45、 called, amazingly enough, Grumpy Old Bookman.As my monthly survey of developments in both _26_ and digital publishing continued, in this magazine, I began to realise that writers in this century, of both fiction and non-fiction, are living in something close to a paradise. Once, you _27_ for years

46、to find a publisher or an agent if you wanted one but now you can publish your own stuff, either digitally or in paperback, without it costing you a penny piece. Amazing.After about five years of producing such columns, at just under a thousand words a time, it _28_ to me that, rather than let these

47、 essays drift away on the seas of time, it might be of value to _29_ readers to publish my thoughts and comments in book form. Hence, in 2014, I _30_ the first 69 GOB columns in paperback format, using Amazons Create space facilities. Title: Writers Rejoice! A monthly diary of the dawn of the digita

48、l age.【答案】21. A 22. I 23. E 24. H 25. B 26. K 27. J 28. D 29. F 30. G【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者多年来一直利用假期来审视自己的目标和抱负，今年准备放弃自己的专栏开始把自己想法和评论以书的形式发表出来，让潜在读者受益。【21题详解】考查名词。句意：传统上，新年伊始是回顾人生的时刻，也可能是决定来年要集中精力做些什么的时候；多年来，我一直利用假期来审视自己的目标和抱负。根据上文“review my own goal and”以及作宾语，表示“抱负”应用名词ambition。故填ambition。故选A。【22题

49、详解】考查名词。句意：今年我决定做的一件事，是不情愿地放弃在这本杂志上写“脾气暴躁的老布克曼”专栏。根据后文“was to give up writing the Grumpy Old Bookman column in this magazine”以及句意“不情愿”可知应填名词reluctance，作宾语。故填reluctance。故选I。【23题详解】考查副词。句意：虽然就我个人而言，频繁地改变你的整个职业生涯有点太过分了，但我确实发现，在我自己的工作生涯中，如果你能偶尔尝试一下同一组织或业务领域的新工作，这是一个很好的复习。根据后文“I would say that changing y

50、our whole career so often is going a bit far”以及句意“个人而言”可知应填副词personally，作状语。故填personally。故选E。【24题详解】考查名词。句意：虽然就我个人而言，频繁地改变你的整个职业生涯有点太过分了，但我确实发现，在我自己的工作生涯中，如果你能偶尔尝试一下同一组织或业务领域的新工作，这是一个很好的复习。根据后文“if you can occasionally try a new job within the same organisation or line of business”以及句意“复习”可知应填单数名词ref

51、resher，作宾语。故填refresher。故选H。【25题详解】考查动词。句意：他找到我是因为，从2004年开始，我一直在定期写一篇博客，令人惊讶的是，它的名字叫Grumpy Old Bookman。根据上文“It is in fact well over ten years since our editor wrote to me and asked if I would be interested in writing a regular piece about what was, even then, a rapidly changing publishing scene.(事实上，

52、自从我们的编辑写信给我，问我是否有兴趣定期写一篇关于当时迅速变化的出版业的文章以来，已经过去十多年了)”以及句意“接洽，联系”可知应填动词approach，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填approached。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词。句意：随着我每月对传统出版和数字出版发展的调查继续进行，在这本杂志上，我开始意识到本世纪的作家，无论是虚构的还是非虚构的，都生活在接近天堂的地方。根据后文“and digital publishing”以及句意“传统”可知应填形容词traditional，故填traditional。故选K。【27题详解】考查动词。句意：曾经，你要努力花上数年时间才

53、能找到出版商如果你想找，也可以找代理商但现在你可以出版自己的东西，不管是电子版的还是平装本的，而且不用花一分钱。根据后文“for years to find a publisher”以及句意“努力”可知应填动词struggle，作谓语，结合语境可知为一般过去时。故填struggled。故选J。【28题详解】考查动词。句意：五年以来，我一直在写这样的专栏，每次的字数都不到一千字，我突然意识到，与其让这些文章在时间的海洋中随风而去，不如把我的想法和评论以书的形式发表出来，对潜在的读者来说可能会有价值。结合句意表示“突然意识到”可知句型为it occurred to sb. that。故填occur

54、red。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词。句意：五年以来，我一直在写这样的专栏，每次的字数都不到一千字，我突然意识到，与其让这些文章在时间的海洋中随风而去，不如把我的想法和评论以书的形式发表出来，对潜在的读者来说可能会有价值。根据后文“readers to publish my thoughts and comments in book form”以及句意“潜在的”可知应填形容词potential，作定语。故填potential。故选F。【30题详解】考查动词。句意：因此，在2014年，我使用亚马逊的Create空间设施，以平装本的形式发布了前69篇GOB专栏。根据后文“the first 6

55、9 GOB columns in paperback format”以及句意“出版”可知应填动词publish，结合上文in 2014可知用一般过去时。故填published。故选G。 ( B )Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potential B. coupled C. coincidence D. blocks E.

56、 regulatory F. urgencyG. prevent H. launch I. approved J. emphasized K. devotedA single case study isnt enough to prove anything. Its not clear if the medication, called remdesivir(瑞德西韦), actually helped the patient, or if his improvement was a(n) _31_. But its one of a few drugs, including a combin

57、ation of anti-HIV drugs, that doctors think might help patients with the new coronavirus(冠状病毒). Remdesivir was developed by the pharmaceutical company Gilead as a treatment for Ebola. Its a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, and it _32_ the activity of a protein that helps coronaviruses make copies of t

58、hemselves. Research groups identified the drug as a(n) _33_ candidate for the treatment of coronaviruses in the aftermath of the 2012 MERS outbreak, when another new coronavirus spread through the Middle East. In cell models, it blocks the activity of MERS, SARS (a 2002 coronavirus), and other coron

59、aviruses that are found in bats.Tests on the new coronavirus show that remdesivir blocks its activity, too, at least in the lab. That result, _34_ with the positive outcomes in the Washington patient, were enough for Gilead to _35_ a larger clinical trial of the drug in new coronavirus patients. The

60、 company will test it in a group of 270 patients at China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing one group will be given the drug, and one group will be given a placebo.The drug isnt _36_ by the Food and Drug Administration or by any other _37_ body. However, it already went through safety testing dur

61、ing the Ebola outbreak in 2014 and 2015. Thats why Gilead is able to test it in sick patients immediately.The importance of those previous studies was _38_ by Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, in a press conference last week. Researchers arent star

62、ting from zero because work over the past two decades tested drugs in cells, animals, and individual patients. Now, researchers who have _39_ their professional lives to this work face new _40_ around the most important question: if the drugs actually work in people. “Theres no proven therapy for co

63、ronavirus infections,” Fauci said.【答案】31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. H 36. I 37. E 38. J 39. K 40. F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了瑞德西韦这种药物，并探讨了这种药物是否真地对新冠病毒有效。【31题详解】考查名词。句意：目前还不清楚这种名为瑞德西韦的药物是否真的帮助了患者，还是他的好转只是一个巧合。名词coincidence“巧合”符合句意，其单数形式在句中作表语。故选C项。【32题详解】考查动词。句意：这是一种广谱抗病毒药物，它可以阻止一种帮助冠状病毒自我复制的蛋白质的活动。动词block

64、“阻碍，堵塞”符合句意，其第三人称单数形式blocks作谓语，和主语it语法一致。故选D项。【33题详解】考查形容词。句意：2012年中东呼吸综合征爆发后，另一种新型冠状病毒在中东地区传播，研究小组将这种药物确定为治疗冠状病毒的潜在候选药物。形容词potential“潜在的”符合句意，在句中作定语修饰后文名词candidate。故选A项。【34题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一结果，加上华盛顿患者的积极结果，足以让吉利德在新型冠状病毒患者中开展更大规模的药物临床试验。动词couple“加上，结合”符合句意，和前文That result之间是被动关系，故其过去分词coupled作后置定语。故选B

65、项。【35题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一结果，加上华盛顿患者的积极结果，足以让吉利德在新型冠状病毒患者中开展更大规模的药物临床试验。动词launch“发动，发起，开展”符合句意，和前文to一起构成不定式，用于be enough for sb to do sth句型中。故选H项。【36题详解】考查动词语态。句意：该药物未经美国食品和药物管理局或任何其他监管机构批准。动词approve“批准”符合句意，和主语之间是被动关系，其过去分词approved和前文助动词was一起构成一般过去时的被动语态。故选I项。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：该药物未经美国食品和药物管理局或任何其他监管机构批准。形

66、容词regulatory“监管的；(对工商业)具有监管权的”符合句意，句中修饰后文名词body“机构”，作定语。故选E项。【38题详解】考查动词语态。句意：美国国家过敏和传染病研究所所长Anthony Fauci在上周的一场新闻发布会上强调了之前那些研究的重要性。动词emphasize“强调”符合句意， 其过去分词emphasized和前文助动词was一起构成一般过去时的被动语态。故选J项。【39题详解】考查动词。句意：现在，致力于这项研究的研究人员面临着一个最重要的新的紧迫问题：这些药物是否真的对人有效。动词devote“致力”和后文to搭配，符合句意，其过去分词devoted和前文have

67、一起构成现在完成时，作谓语。故选K项。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：现在，致力于这项研究的研究人员面临着一个最重要的新的紧迫问题：这些药物是否真的对人有效。名词urgency“迫切需要，紧急的事”符合句意，在句中作动词face的宾语。故选F项。III. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or p

68、hrase that best fits the context.Vast parts of Earth should be left wildTo avoid mass extinctions of plants and animals， governments should protect a third of the oceans and land by 2030 and half by 2050， with a focus on areas of high biodiversity So say leading biologists in an editorial in the jou

69、rnal ScienceThis isnt just about saving biodiverse areas， says Jonathan Baillie of the National Geographic Society，one of the authors It is also about saving ourselves by protecting_41_ natural systems， or ecosystems，and their benefits to us， known as ecosystem services We are learning that the larg

70、e areas that remain are important for providing services for all life The forests， for example， are_42_ for absorbing and storing carbon， says BaillieAt present， just 3.6 per cent of the planets oceans and 14.7 per cent of land is protected by law At the 2010 Nagoya Conference of the Convention on B

71、iological Diversity， governments agreed to protect 10 per cent of the oceans and 17 per cent of land by 2020But this isnt nearly enough， says Baillie In the editorial， he and his coauthor， YaPing Zhang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences， want governments to set much bigger_43_ at the next major conf

72、erence on biodiversity in 2020We have to enormously_44_ our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosystem services that we_45_ benefit from， says Baillie The trends are in a_46_direction， its just we have to move much fasterIt is hard to work out how much

73、 space is needed to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem_47_， the pair say， because there is so much we dont know about life on Earth like how many species there are_48_， most estimates suggest that between 25 and 75 percent of high biodiversity regions or major ecosystems should be protectedTherefor

74、e，we， including governments，should be_49_ when setting goals and strategiesThere is no doubt that we need far more land and sea_50_ for conserving and retaining nature，says James Watson at the University of Queensland in Australia Targets like 50 per cent are in the right ball park when it comes to

75、the minimal_51_ of area needed to conserve biodiversityBut Watson and others stress that which areas get protected is even more important than the overall percentage The key thing is to protect the right areas， says Jose Montoya of the Station for Theoretical and Experimental Ecology in Moulis， Fran

76、ce If we_52_ protect a proportion of the territory，governments will likely protect whats easy， and thats usually areas of_53_ biodiversity and ecosystem service provisionIn fact， a third of the 3.6 percent of land that is already meant to be protected is actually being_54_，Watsons team reported last

77、 month So only_55_ areas to be protected isnt enough41. A. stricterB. widerC. saferD. simpler42. A. uniqueB. sufficientC. criticalD. fit43. A. examplesB. valuesC. awardsD. objectives44. A. increaseB. achieveC. lackD. frustrate45. A. barelyB. currentlyC. roughlyD. thoroughly46. A. oppositeB. fixedC.

78、complexD. positive47. A. approachesB. managementC. benefitsD. degradation48. A. ThereforeB. FurthermoreC. HoweverD. Otherwise49. A. concernedB. changeableC. firmD. cautious50. A. desertedB. securedC. measuredD. distributed51. A. damageB. costC. amountD. standard52. A. completelyB. merelyC. virtually

79、D. desperately53. A. massB. tropicalC. marineD. low54. A. exploitedB. expandedC. restoredD. discovered55. A. developingB. coveringC. declaringD. utilizing【答案】41. B 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. C【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述为了避免动植物大规模灭绝，政府应该保护三分之一的海洋和海洋，到2030年为止，

80、到2050年为一半，重点是生物多样性高的地区。【41题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. stricter更严格的；B. wider更宽广的；C. safer更安全的；D. simpler更简单的。根据上文 To avoid mass extinctions of plants and animals， governments should protect a third of the oceans and land by 2030 and half by 2050，with a focus on areas of high biodiversity可知为了避免动植物大规模灭绝，政府应该保护三分之一的

81、海洋和海洋，到2030年为止，到2050年为一半，重点是生物多样性高的地区，说明我们应该保护更宽广的（wider）自然生态系统，故选B。【42题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. unique独一无二的；B. sufficient足够的；C. critical至关重要的；D. fit合适的。本句The forests， for example，are （2）for absorbing and storing carbon， says Baillie。句意是例如，森林对于吸收和储存碳是至关重要的（critical），Baillie说。故选C。【43题详解】考查名词辨析。A. examples例子；B.

82、values价值；C. awards奖项；D. objectives目标。根据下文when setting goals and strategies。可知在设定目标和策略时。说明我们应该设定更大的目标（objective），故选D。【44题详解】考查动词辨析。A. increase增加；B. achieve获得；C. lack缺少；D. frustrate挫败。本句We have to enormously（4）our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosyst

83、em services that we（5）benefit from， 可知如果我们想要避免灭绝危机，并且如果我们想维持我们目前受益的生态系统服务，我们必须极大地增加（increase）我们的雄心壮志，故选A。【45题详解】考查副词辨析。A. barely几乎不；B. currently目前；C. roughly大略；D. thoroughly彻底地。本句We have to enormously（4）our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosystem se

84、rvices that we（5）benefit from， 可知如果我们想要避免灭绝危机，并且如果我们想维持我们目前（currently）受益的生态系统服务，我们必须极大地增加我们的雄心壮志，故选B。【46题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. opposite；B. fixed；C. complex；D. positive。根据下句 its just we have to move much faster。可知只是我们必须加快行动。说明现在正朝着积极的（positive）方向前进，故选D。【47题详解】考查名词辨析。A. approaches；B. management；C. benefits；D.

85、 degradation。本句It is hard to work out how much space is needed to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem（7）， 句意是很难确定需要多少空间来保护生物多样性和生态系统管理（management），故选B。【48题详解】考查副词辨析。A. Therefore；B. Furthermore；C. However；D. Otherwise。本句because there is so much we dont know about life on Earth like how many species t

86、here are。 （8）， most estimates suggest that between 25 and 75 percent of high biodiversity regions or major ecosystems should be protected。句意是因为有太多我们不了解地球上的生命 就像有多少物种一样。但是，大多数估计表明应该保护25%到75%的高生物多样性地区或主要生态系统。上下句是转折关系，故选C。【49题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. concerned；B. changeable；C. firm；D. cautious。本句Therefore，we， inc

87、luding governments，should be（9）when setting goals and strategies。句意：因此，在制定目标和战略时，我们（包括政府）都应该关注（concerned）。故选A。【50题详解】考查动词辨析。A. deserted；B. secured；C. measured；D. distributed。本句There is no doubt that we need far more land and sea（10）for conserving and retaining nature，句意是毫无疑问，我们需要更多的土地和海洋来保护自然，故选B。【5

88、1题详解】考查名词辨析。A. damage；B. cost；C. amount；D. standard。根据上句There is no doubt that we need far more land and sea可知我们需要更多的土地和海洋来保护自然，本句是指的最少量（amount）的土地和海洋，故选C。【52题详解】考查副词辨析。A. completely；B. merely；C. virtually；D. desperately。本句If we （12）protect a proportion of the territory，governments will likely prote

89、ct whats easy， and thats usually areas of （13）biodiversity and ecosystem service provision。句意是如果我们只是（merely）保护一部分领土，政府可能会保护容易的东西，而这通常是生物多样性和生态系统服务供应不足的地区。故选B。【53题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. mass；B. tropical；C. marine；D. low。本句If we （12）protect a proportion of the territory，governments will likely protect whats ea

90、sy， and thats usually areas of （13）biodiversity and ecosystem service provision。句意是如果我们只是保护一部分领土，政府可能会保护容易的东西，而这通常是生物多样性和生态系统服务供应不足的（low）地区。故选D。【54题详解】考查动词辨析。A. exploited；B. expanded；C. restored；D. discovered。本句In fact，a third of the 3.6 percent of land that is already meant to be protected is actua

91、lly being （14），Watsons team reported last month句意是事实上，已经意图受到保护的3.6%的土地中有三分之一实际上正在被剥削（exploited），Watson的团队上个月报告说。故选A【55题详解】考查动词辨析。A. developing；B. covering；C. declaring；D. utilizing根据上句In fact， a third of the 3.6 percent of land that is already meant to be protected is actually being （14），可知事实上，已经意图受

92、到保护的3.6%的土地中有三分之一实际上正在被剥削，说明因此，仅声明要保护的区域是不够的。故选C【点睛】完型填空题的命题趋势解题步骤：1通读全文，理解大意重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。2瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。3复读全文，解决残敌借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。4再次复读，

93、弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文连贯。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the

94、 passage you have just read.( A )“It is surprising that people do not believe that there is imagination in science,” Nobel-winning physicist Richard Feynman once told an audience. Not only is that view apparently false, but “it is a very interesting kind of imagination, unlike that of the artist. Th

95、e great difficulty is in trying to imagine something that you have never seen, that is consistent in every detail with what has already been seen, and that is different from what has been thought of;furthermore, it must be definite and not a vague proposal.” Imagination takes the stuff of observatio

96、n and experience and recombines them into something new.In 1968, the high jump was a well-established sport. You would run, you would jump, and you would make your way over a pole in one of several ways. In older days, youd likely use the scissors, scissoring out your legs as you glided over, but by

97、 the sixties youd probably be using the straddle or the belly roll, facing down and basically rolling over the bar. Whichever style you used, youd be facing forward when you made your jump. Imagine trying to jump backward. That would be ridiculous.Dick Fosbury, however, didnt think so. All through h

98、igh school, hed been developing a backward-facing style, and now, in college, it was taking him higher than it ever had. He wasnt sure why he did it. He didnt care what anyone else was doing. He just jumped with the feeling of the thing. People joked and laughed. Certainly, no one expected him to ma

99、ke the U.S. Olympic team let alone win the Olympics. But win he did, setting American an Olympic records with his 7-foot-4.25-inch (2.24-meter) jump, only 1.5 inches short of the world record.With his unprecedented technique, called the Fosbury Flop, Fosbury did what many other more traditional athl

100、etes had never managed to accomplish: he revolutionized, in a very real way, an entire sport. Even after his win, expectations were that he would remain a lone bird, jumping in his esoteric style while the rest of the world looked on. But since 1978, no world record has been set by anyone other than

101、 a flopper; and by 1980, thirteen of sixteen Olympic finalists were flopping across the bar. To this day, the flop remains the dominant high jump style. The straddle looks old and awkward in comparison. Why hadnt anyone thought of replacing it earlier?Fosbury wasnt even a particularly talented jumpe

102、r. It was all in the approach.56. According to Richard Feynman, imagination in science _.A. is similar to that of the artistB. is definite and detailedC. is considered obvious to most peopleD. is an unclear thought57. Which of the following is TRUE about Fosbury according to the passage?A. He improv

103、ed the feeling of jumping in high school.B. He was not sure why others laughed at him.C. He set a world record by jumping in a backward-facing way.D. He won a gold medal at the Olympics.58. Why does the author say Fosbury revolutionized the high jump?A. Because he introduced a brand-new technique.B.

104、 Because he inspired many other high-jumpers to develop their own styles.C. Because he greatly improved the straddle.D. Because he was the most talented flopper of all time.59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Backward, awkward.B. Life of the first flopper.C. Higher w

105、ith imagination.D. Laugh last, laugh best.【答案】56. B 57. D 58. B 59. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了迪克福斯贝利通过自己的想象力结合实践经验创造了属于自己的跳高风格，为其他跳高运动员带来了启示。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“The great difficulty is in trying to imagine something that you have never seen, that is consistent in every detail with what has already bee

106、n seen, and that is different from what has been thought of; furthermore, it must be definite and not a vague proposal.（最大的困难在于试图想象一些你从未见过的东西，在每一个细节上都与你看到的一致的东西以及不同于你想像的东西；此外，它必须是确定的，而不是一个模糊的建议。）”可知，根据理查德费因曼的说法，科学中的想象应该是明确的和详细的。故选B。57题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Certainly, no one expected him to make the U.S. O

107、lympic teamlet alone win the Olympics. But win he did, setting American an Olympic records with his 7-foot-4.25-inch (2.24-meter) jump, only 1.5 inches short of the world record.（当然，没有人指望他能入选美国国奥队，更不用说赢得奥运会了。但他确实赢了，以 7 英尺 4.25 英寸（2.24 米）的跳跃距离创造了美国奥运纪录，仅比世界纪录低 1.5 英寸。）”可知，他在奥运会上获得了一枚金牌。故选D。【58题详解】推理判

108、断题。根据第四段的“With his unprecedented technique, called the Fosbury Flop, Fosbury did what many other more traditional athletes had never managed to accomplish: he revolutionized, in a very real way, an entire sport. Even after his win, expectations were that he would remain a lone bird, jumping in his e

109、soteric style while the rest of the world looked on.（凭借他被称为“福斯贝利式跳高”的前所未有的技术，福斯贝利完成了许多其他更传统的运动员从未成功完成的事情：他以一种非常真实的方式彻底改变了整个运动。即使在他获胜后，人们仍然认为他会是独一无二的，在世界上其他人的注视下以他深奥的风格跳跃。）”可知，福斯贝利彻底改变了跳高是因为他启发了许多其他跳高运动员发展自己的风格。故选B。【59题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段的“Imagination takes the stuff of observation and experience

110、and recombines them into something new.（想象力将观察和经验的东西重新组合成新的东西。）”和第三段的“Dick Fosbury, however, didnt think so. All through high school, hed been developing a backward-facing style, and now, in college, it was taking him higher than it ever had. He wasnt sure why he did it. He didnt care what anyone el

111、se was doing. He just jumped with the feeling of the thing. （然而，迪克福斯贝利并不这么认为。在整个高中期间，他一直在发展一种面向后方的风格，而现在，在大学里，这让他比以往任何时候都跳得更高。他不确定自己为什么要这么做。他不在乎别人在做什么。他只是随着感觉去跳。）”可知，通过跳高的例子，作者在说明想象力让福斯贝利跳得更高，因此C项（通过想象跳得更高）能够概括文章主要内容，适合作为标题。故选C。( B )Museum of the Moving Image (MMI) (Monday Closed)As the best museum

112、in New York City and with a balance of hands-on (实际操作的) activities and information, its the rare bird that can entertain and educate people of difference ages. Its a perfect destination for a family trip of a couple of hours.Pros Excellent movie screenings. Easy subway access.Cons Difficult to reach

113、 by car.New York Hall of Science (NYHS) (Monday Closed)Being New York Citys only hands-on science and technology center, it is an interactive science museum targeting children. It has the most hands-on exhibits in an NYC museum, and its a fun destination for five-year-olds and above. Older folks mig

114、ht take great interest in the NASA rockets outside the museum, but dont bother unless you have kids to keep you company.Pros Cool interactive science exhibits, the rockets.Cons Hard to reach by public transportation.Queens County Farm Museum (QCFM) (Year-round 7 days a week)It is an actual farm in N

115、ew York City and home to animals your kids can feed and a yard full of a climbing plant whose fruits can be made into wine. Good chance to meet sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and cows! The animals are mostly readily accessible to visitors. And the museum sells feed for young hands willing to get licke

116、d by sheep and goats.Pros Outdoor fun.Cons Expensive festivals, long bus ride, no subway.Queens Museum of Art (QMA) (Monday and Tuesday Closed)Opened in 1972 to serve as a cultural center for the borough(行政区), it exhibits artworks by local and international artists. Its best exhibits are on the two

117、Worlds Fairs, and of course, the Panorama of New York City, a giant, highly detailed diorama (透视画) of all five New York City boroughs.Pros The Panorama, great gift shop. Easy subway access.Cons Not much for kids.60. The least likely choice for 5-year-old Jack to make among the museums is _.A. MMIB.

118、NYHSC. QMAD. QCFM61. According to the text, which of the following is NOT true?A. All the museums mentioned above lie in New York City.B. No other museum in New York City is better than MMI.C. Lucky visitors can see grapes in one of the museums.D. NYHS has the most hands-on activities in America.62.

119、 We can know from the text that _.A. people can visit only one of the museums any time and any dayB. visitors can pay a visit to all the museums by subwayC. there is often a rare bird flying in the sky above MMID. the Panorama is, as a matter of fact, a great gift shop【答案】60. C 61. D 62. A【解析】【导语】本文

120、是一篇应用文，介绍了四个博物馆的游览信息。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据Queens Museum of Art (QMA)栏目中的“Cons Not much for kids.”(不太适合孩子参观)可知，这四个博物馆中，5岁的杰克最不可能参观是QMA，故选C。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据New York Hall of Science (NYHS)栏目中的“It has the most hands-on exhibits in an NYC museum”(它拥有纽约市博物馆中最多的手工展品)可知，NYHS只是纽约市手工展品最多的博物馆，而非全美最多的，故选D。【62题详解】细节理解题

121、。根据Queens County Farm Museum (QCFM) 栏目中的“(Year-round 7 days a week)”(全年一周七天都开放)可知，四个博物馆中，游客在全年任何时间都能参观的只有QCFM，故选A。( C )What is the single most effective way to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions? Go vegetarian? Replant the Amazon? Cycle to work? None of the above. The answer is: make air-conditioners r

122、adically better. On one calculation, replacing refrigerants(制冷剂) that damage the atmosphere would reduce total greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 90bn tonnes of CO2 by 2050. Making the units more energy-efficient could double that.Air-conditioning is one of the worlds great overlooked industries.

123、 Automobiles and air-conditioners were invented at roughly the same time, and both have had a huge impact on where people live and work. Unlike cars, though, air-conditioners have drawn little criticism for their social impact, emissions or energy efficiency. Most hot countries do not have rules to

124、govern their energy use.Yet air-conditioning has done quite a lot things to benefit humankind. It has transformed productivity in the tropics and helped turn southern China into the workshop of the world. In Europe, its spread has pushed down heat-related deaths ten times less than what it was in 20

125、03, when 70,000 people, most of them elderly, died in a heatwave. For children, air-conditioned classrooms and dormitories are associated with better grades at school.Environmentalists who call air-conditioning “a luxury we cannot afford” have half a point, however. In the next ten years, as many ai

126、r-conditioners will be installed around the world as were put in between 1902 (when air-conditioning was invented) and 2005. Until energy can be produced without carbon emissions, these extra machines will warm the world. At the moment, therefore, air-conditioners create a vicious cycle. The more th

127、e earth warms, the more people need them. But the more there are, the warmer the world will be.Cutting the impact of cooling requires three things (beyond turning up the thermostat(温度调节器) to make rooms less Arctic). First, air-conditioners must become much more efficient. The most energy-efficient m

128、odels on the market today consume only about one-third as much electricity as average ones. Minimum energy-performance standards need to be raised, or introduced in countries that lack them altogether, to push the average units performance closer to the standard of the best.Next, manufacturers shoul

129、d stop using damaging refrigerants. One category of these, hydrofluorocarbons, is over 1,000 times worse than carbon dioxide when it comes to trapping heat in the atmosphere. An international deal to phase out these pollutants, called the Kigali amendment, will come into force in 2019. Foot-draggers

130、 should approve and implement it; America is one country that has not done so.Last, more could be done to design offices, malls and even cities so they do not need as many air-conditioners in the first place. More buildings should be built with overhanging roofs or balconies for shade, or with natur

131、al air-circulation. Simply painting roofs white can help keep temperatures down.Better machines are necessary. But cooling as an overall system needs to be improved if air-conditioning is to fulfil its promise to make people healthier, wealthier and wiser, without too high an environmental cost. Pro

132、viding indoor sanctuaries of air-conditioned comfort need not come at the expense of an overheating world.63. Why does the author think air-conditioning is an overlooked industry？A. Because many hot countries havent put the energy-controlling rules into force.B. Because it has caused the same impact

133、 on peoples life and work as automobiles have.C. Because it has brought great economic, physical, and educational benefits to humans.D. Because it doesnt get the due criticism for its environmental impact as automobiles do.64. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A. The price of air-conditioning will

134、go up due to the large demand for it.B. A high environmental cost will come along with the air-conditioning service.C. Environmentalists are expecting extra machines which can warm the world.D. Governments partially agree that air-conditioning is a luxury we cannot afford.65. With regard to the meas

135、ures to cut the impact of cooling, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Manufacturers should only stop using hydrofluorocarbons.B. People should avoid turning up the air-conditioners to have cool rooms on hot days.C. People should adopt more environmentally-friendly materials when designing

136、buildings.D. Governments should give a green light to the agreement on eliminating the pollutants.66. The author writes this passage to _.A. arouse peoples attention to the global warming.B. appeal for the global joint efforts to combat global warming.C. give credit to air-conditioning for its great

137、 contributions to humansD. offer a new perspective on how to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions【答案】63. D 64. B 65. C 66. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者写这篇文章对如何减少温室气体排放提供一个新的视角。【63题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Air-conditioning is one of the worlds great overlooked industries. Automobiles and air-conditioners were invented a

138、t roughly the same time, and both have had a huge impact on where people live and work. Unlike cars, though, air-conditioners have drawn little criticism for their social impact, emissions or energy efficiency.可知，作者认为空调是一个被忽视的行业是因为它不像汽车那样受到应有的环境影响的批评。故选D。【64题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中The more the earth warms,

139、the more people need them. But the more there are, the warmer the world will be.可知，我们可以从第四段了解到空调服务将带来很高的环境成本。故选B。【65题详解】推理判断题。根据第七段中More buildings should be built with overhanging roofs or balconies for shade, or with natural air-circulation. Simply painting roofs white can help keep temperatures do

140、wn.可知，人们在设计建筑时应该采用更环保的材料。故选C。【66题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段中The answer is: make air-conditioners radically better. On one calculation, replacing refrigerants(制冷剂) that damage the atmosphere would reduce total greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 90bn tonnes of CO2 by 2050. Making the units more energy-

141、efficient could double that.可知，作者写这篇文章主要内容是对如何减少温室气体排放提供一个新的视角。故选D。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。根据第一段中The answer is: make air-conditioners radically better. On one calculation, replacing refriger

142、ants(制冷剂) that damage the atmosphere would reduce total greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 90bn tonnes of CO2 by 2050. Making the units more energy-efficient could double that.可知，作者写这篇文章是为了对如何减少温室气体排放提供一个新的视角。故选D。Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper se

143、ntence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.How Will Machines and AI Change the Future of Work?Several recent studies have examined how machine automation and artificial intelligence (AI) will change the future of work.The Rand C

144、orporation recently issued its own report on the future effects of automation and AI on jobs and the workplace. Osonde Osoba was a co-author of the report. _67_In 16th century England, Queen Elizabeth famously refused an inventors request for a patent for a device to make material for clothing. The

145、Queen explained that the device would lead to major job losses, forcing affected workers to become “beggars”._68_ But he believes the future problems have been overestimated without historical evidence to back up the predictions.The McKinsey Global Institute has also studied the issue. Its research

146、suggests that up to one-third of work activities across 46 nations could be displaced by 2030. _69_ It says this growth, along with other economic influences, could help offset (弥补) the displacement of millions of workers. “All workers will need to adapt, as their occupations evolve alongside increa

147、singly capable machines,” the report said. This will require ongoing retraining of workers. In addition, employees will be spending more time on activities difficult to automate._70_ These include jobs depending on human motor skills, positions requiring creative thinking and actions, and jobs deali

148、ng with intense social interaction.Rand Corporations Osonde Osoba agrees with McKinsey. He also thinks that it will be very difficult for companies to completely automate most jobs, because they require a worker to perform many different duties and to react to unexpected situations.A. Osoba says thi

149、s can be problematic for machines, which do not understand cultural norms in the population.B. McKinsey identifies three job types that will be very difficult to replace with a machine.C. He noted that fears over machines taking jobs from humans goes back centuries.D. The study also predicts rising

150、demand for educators, and “creatives”, a group of workers including artists, performers and entertainers.E. The study says automation will also raise productivity and economic growth.F. Osoba agrees there will be major job destruction due to AI and automation, especially for lower skilled workers.【答

151、案】67. C 68. F 69. E 70. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章探讨了机器和人工智能将如何影响未来的工作。【67题详解】上文“The Rand Corporation recently issued its own report on the future effects of automation and AI on jobs and the workplace. Osonde Osoba was a co-author of the report.(Rand公司最近就自动化和人工智能对就业和工作场所的未来影响发布了自己的报告。Osonde Osoba是该报告的合著者之

152、一)”提到关于自动化和人工智能对就业和工作场所的未来影响的报告，以及该报告的作者之一Osonde Osoba，分析选项，C项“他指出，对机器夺走人类工作的担忧可以追溯到几个世纪以前”简单介绍了该作者在报告中的观点，C项中He指代上文的Osonde Osoba。故选C项。【68题详解】上文“The Queen explained that the device would lead to major job losses, forcing affected workers to become beggars.(女王解释说，这种设备会导致大量失业，迫使受影响的工人成为乞丐)”以英国女王的事例说明自

153、动化会造成一些人失业，F项“Osoba也认为人工智能和自动化将会对工作岗位造成重大破坏，尤其是对低技能工人”符合语境，故选F项。【69题详解】根据下文“It says this growth, along with other economic influences, could help offset(弥补) the displacement of millions of workers.(报告说，这种增长以及其他经济影响可以帮助抵消数百万工人失业的影响)”可知，空处应是提及关于“this growth”的具体内容，E项“该研究称，自动化还将提高生产率和经济增长”符合语境，下文“this g

154、rowth”指代E项中的“productivity and economic growth”。故选E项。【70题详解】下文“These include jobs depending on human motor skills, positions requiring creative thinking and actions, and jobs dealing with intense social interaction.(这些工作包括依赖人类运动技能的工作，需要创造性思维和行动的工作，以及需要激烈社会互动的工作)”介绍了难以被机器取代的工作类型，B 项“McKinsey确定了三种工作类型，

155、它们将很难被机器取代”符合语境。故选B项。IV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.71. 与学生时代的他相比，那位教授简直判若两人。(how)（汉译英）【答案】Compared with what he was like back in school, how different a person the professor is !【解析】【详解】考查短语、动词时态和感叹句。表示“与相比”短语为compare

156、 with ；“学生时代的他”意思是“他学生时代的样子”，是一种过去的状态，用一般过去时，可翻译为what he was like back in school；how意为“多么”，可引导感叹句，句型为“how + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语”。“那位教授简直判若两人”的意思是“那位教授前后差别很大”，故可翻译为how different a person the professor is。根据句意，此句描写的是一种看法，故主句用一般现在时。分析句子可知，what he was like back in school和compare是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，作句子的状语。故翻译为Co

157、mpared with what he was like back in school, how different a person the professor is !72. 各企业安排员工灵活返岗，和政府一起共克时艰。(arrange) （汉译英）【答案】All enterprises arrange employees to return to their posts flexibly to overcome difficulties together with the government.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“各企业安排员工灵活返岗”翻译为all enterp

158、rises arrange employees to return to their posts flexibly；表示“和政府一起共克时艰”应用不定式短语to overcome difficulties together with the government，作目的状语。句子用一般现在时。故翻译为All enterprises arrange employees to return to their posts flexibly to overcome difficulties together with the government.73. 汉服蕴含如此之多的中国文化的元素以至于这种能追

159、溯到几千年前的传统服装在网上大卖。（So）（汉译英）【答案】Hanfu contains so many elements of Chinese culture that the traditional clothing, dating back thousands of years/dating back to thousands of years ago/dating from thousands of years ago, is a huge hit online. 【解析】【详解】考查固定句型、非谓语动词和固定短语。蕴含：contain；如此以至于：so.that.；元素：elemen

160、t；中国文化：Chinese culture；追溯到：date back to/from；传统服装：traditional clothing；某物卖得好：a huge hit。 “汉服蕴含中国文化的元素”为一个简单句；“传统服装在网上大卖”为一个简单句；“如此以至于”将两个简单句连接起来；“追溯到”使用非谓语动词来表达，“date back+时间段”或者“date back to+时间点”或者“date from+时间点”可以表达“追溯到某段时间以前”，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故翻译为：Hanfu contains so many elements of Chinese cult

161、ure that the traditional clothing, dating back thousands of years/dating back to thousands of years ago/dating from thousands of years ago, is a huge hit online. 74. 难道你没有意识到，大自然一直在以洪涝和疾病的形式，提醒我们要与它和谐相处吗？(remind) （汉译英）【答案】Dont you realize that nature has been reminding us to live in harmony with it

162、in the form of floods and diseases?【解析】【详解】考查动词、短语和名词。remind意为“提醒”，remind sb. to do sth.意为“提醒某人做某事”；表示“大自然”的英文为nature；表示“你有没意识到”短语为dont realize；表示“在以洪涝和疾病的形式”短语为in the form of floods and diseases；表示“与它和谐相处”短语为live in harmony with it。分析句子可知， “一直”是指从过去到现在持续的状态，应用现在完成进行时。根据句意可知，此句是一般疑问句。故翻译为Dont you re

163、alize that nature has been reminding us to live in harmony with it in the form of floods and diseases?V. Guided Writing75. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.学校提供了三类寒假志愿者工作供学生选择：（1）在公园里协助维护环境卫生，（2）在社区帮忙照顾小学生，（3）在地铁站附近做引导员（gu

164、ide）。请你选一项志愿者工作，并说明：1. 为什么选择这项工作。2. 你打算做哪些准备。【答案】 It is a great honor to participate in the school winter vacation volunteer activities.I would like to go to the community to help take care of primary school students. First of all, I think primary school students,who are the hope of the future of th

165、e motherland,should get better care and concern.Besides, I think children are very cute.They are very naive, very lively and very energetic.I think it is very interesting to be with them,willing to take care of them. I will make a lot of toys for them to play with, make a lot of food for them,tell t

166、hem stories and teach them to sing and so on.In the end, I hope that we can have a pleasant winter vacation.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生按照学校要求选择一项志愿者工作，并说明为什么选择这项工作和打算做哪些准备工作。【详解】1.词汇积累参加：participate intake part in此外：besideswhats more聪明的：cuteclever照顾：take care oflook after2.句式拓展同义句转化原句：I think it is ver

167、y interesting to be with them,willing to take care of them.拓展句：I think it is very interesting to be with them so I am willing to take care of them.【点睛】【高分句型1】 It is a great honor to participate in the school winter vacation volunteer activities.(运用了it作形式主语)【高分句型2】First of all, I think primary school students,who are the hope of the future of the motherland,should get better care and concern.(运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句)