2021-2022学年新教材人教版英语选择性必修第二册学案：UNIT 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND 突破 语法大冲关 WORD版含解析.doc

1、过去分词作表语和状语观察例句1The girls were amazed to see such an open country.2Do you feel frightened when going into the wilderness alone?3Seen from the top of the mountain，the scenery was really fascinating.4Finally，the companyheaded by its new managerstarted to make a profit.归纳用法1例句1中的amazed和例句2中的frightened为过

2、去分词作表语。2例句3中的Seen和例句4中的headed为过去分词作状语，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，往往含有完成的意思。一、过去分词作表语1意义位于系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。She looked disappointed.她看上去很失望。We were encouraged at the news.听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。2过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。The cup is broken.杯子碎

3、了。(系表结构)The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打碎的。(被动语态)3现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别过去分词表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到的”现在分词表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人的”They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。The situation became so worrying that something should be done at once.形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。即学即练1单句语法填空I was

4、too tired (tire) to walk any further.When he heard the moving story，he was deeply moved(move)Tom was more surprised than disappointed (disappoint) at this news.二、过去分词(短语)作状语1意义过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系。2过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能和位置(1) 过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成

5、，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。When offered help，one often says “Thank you” or “Its kind of you”(时间状语)当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“Its kind of you”。Given another chance，I will do it much better.(条件状语)如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。Greatly inspired by what he did，I joined him in he

6、lping others.(原因状语)在他所做的事情的鼓励下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。Visited many times，the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语)虽然已参观了很多次，这个地方仍值得再来。He has been preparing his paper all day long，locked in his study.(方式状语)锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。The guest walked into the room，greeted by the host.(伴随状语)客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。(2)过去分词

7、(短语)在句中作状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间用逗号隔开。Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。He stood there silently，moved to tears.Moved to tears，he stood there silently.他静静地站在那里，感动得热泪盈眶。即学即练2写出下列句中黑体部分分别作什么状语Clearly and thoughtfully written，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek th

8、eir own answers.原因状语Time，used correctly，is money in the bank.条件状语If asked to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once.条件状语Seated at the table，my father and I were talking about my job.方式状语When (you are) given a medical examination，you should keep calm.时间状语3过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况(1)过去分

9、词在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain(When it is seen from the top of the mountain)，the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。Encouraged by the progress he has made(As he is encouraged by the progress he has made)，he works harder.由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。

10、(2)过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room，followed by two students(and was followed by two students)后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon，locked in his study(and was locked in his study)他把自己锁在书房里度过了一整个下午。(3)过去分词作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词过去分词”结构作状

11、语。Even if I am invited(Even if invited)，I will not take part in the party.即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。Unless you are asked to speak(Unless asked to speak)，you should remain silent at the meeting.除非被要求说话，在会上你应该保持沉默。(4)过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构。过去分词

12、(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。The test finished，we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假了。More time given，we could have done it much better.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。即学即练3句型转换When they were asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent.When asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silen

13、t.If we are united，we will make our life better.If united，we will make our life better.Although we were exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it.Exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it.4现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别现在分词与过去分词作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主动与被动关系。(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词动作与谓语

14、动作同时发生用一般式doing；如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用having done，表示被动就用having been done。Walking along the street，I met a friend of mine.沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。Having finished their work，they went home to have a rest.完成工作后，他们回家休息一下。(2) 过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Given more attention，the tree cou

15、ld have grown better.如果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更好一些。Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。即学即练4单句语法填空Impressed (impress) by the beautiful scenery，I forgot to go back home in time.Looking (look) out of the window，I found many children playing on the playground.单句语法填空1Both he and I

16、 are satisfied (satisfy) with the result.2The news was exciting and they were all excited at it.(excite)3We all felt encouraged at the encouraging news.(encourage)4When faced (face) with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.5If given (give) better attention，the serious accident could have been

17、avoided.6The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing (allow) more patients to be treated.7Founded (found) in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.8Much time spent (spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health pro

18、blems.9Absorbed (absorb) in painting，John didnt notice evening approaching.10Raised (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.完成句子1我对试验结果很满意。I am pleased with the result of the experiment.2门仍然锁着。The door remained locked3我希望我们更多地参与到社区中来，我们的生活将变得丰富多彩。I h

19、ope we can get more involved in our community and our life will be colorful.4从观景台看，我们会有一个更好的视野。Seen from the viewing platform，we will have a better view.5因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。Lost in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound.6因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。Written in a hurry，this article was not so good.7当被问到有关他的家庭情况时，

20、他没有回答。When asked about his family，he made no answer.8由于伤得很严重，只好把他送往医院。Seriously injured，he had to be taken to hospital.9即使被很多人嘲笑，他仍然继续他的研究。Laughed at by many people，he still continued his research.10尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。Warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields.短文语法填空(用所给动词的

21、适当形式填空)1Absorbed(absorb) in Scared Step by Step(步步惊心)，the most 2.moving(move) serial(连续剧)，many people，including some elderly people，watched it late into the night. In the serial，a maiden(少女) named Ruoxi went back to the Qing Dynasty, 3.involved(involve) in a fierce fight of Kangxis nine sons for the

22、 throne(皇位). Ruoxi 4.was moved(move) by the eighth sons warmth and concern and fell in love with him. However，after 5.experiencing(experience) many things，Ruoxi found that her true love was the fourth son(later was Emperor Yongzheng). 6.Punished(punish) for refusing the Emperors order to marry the 1

23、3th son，Ruoxi was sent to do hard work in the palace for ten years，7.washing(wash) thousands of clothes every day. 8.Realizing(realize) Ruoxis love for him，Emperor Yongzheng swore that he would love Ruoxi forever. However，Ruoxi died several years later, 9.making(make) Yongzheng very sad. In the end of the serial，Ruoxi came back to the modern times.10.Entering(enter) a museum，she found herself painted in a picture.