山东省2021届高考英语二轮复习 考点透析解密02 名词和主谓一致讲义 分层训练.doc

1、解密02名词和主谓一致【命题解读】名词和主谓一致是历年高考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。名词部分主要考查：名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）名词的所有格抽象名词的具体化名词和冠词的搭配高考关于主谓一致的考查主要集中在一下三个方面：语法一致意义一致就近原则【命题预测】语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中在给出词根进行此类转化，根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词，名词的复数形式，所有格形式的变化。主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。【名师指导】 1. 整体把握，注意语境从近年高考试题看，高考语法填空对名词的考查离不开具

2、体的语境，在语境中考查名词的相关知识。做题时，既要全面、整体地看题干，还要注意分析句子成分，并根据提示词来确定名词的相关考点。通常，涉及名词考点的试题包括：（1）根据语境判断名词的单复数；（2）提示词是形容词、动词等此类，根据句子成分和词缀知识加上相应的后缀变成名词；（3）名词的固定搭配；（4）名词的所有格及名词的其他相关知识2. 确定考点，注意搭配语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识，解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定考点，试题是考查名词的词类转换，还是考查复数名词、名词的所有格，还是考查主谓一致、名词的固定搭配等，确定了考点之后，再结合其他相关知识来做出正确解答。3. 多记单词，积累词缀

3、高考对名词的考查注重基础，我们在平时的复习中要打好基础，掌握足够的考纲词汇，并熟知其常见搭配和用法，并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。4. 巧用就近原则当主语是由or, nor, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also连接的并列成分时以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则。考向1 名词的数一、 名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词二、 名词的数1. 可数名词的复数(1)规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加sstudents，teachers，doc tors，tables以s，

4、x，ch，sh结尾加esglasses，dishes，boxes，watches但stomach复数形式直接加s，即stomachs以辅音字母y结尾变y为i再加esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母y结尾加sboys，toys，pianos，photos以f或fe结尾大都变f或fe为v，再加esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少数加sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o结尾通常加sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes【名师点睛】

5、以o结尾的下列名词要加es，它们是黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，即Negroes，heroes，echoes， potatoes，tomatoes。但下列以o结尾的名词既可以加es，也可以加s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes) 蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。以f或fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉，加ves，它们是为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手 里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves， wolves，halves。但下列

6、以f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加ves，也可以直接加s，如：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕。名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man 或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如：woman doctorwomen doctors(2)不规则变化自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子childrenman男人mentooth牙teethfoot脚，英尺feetmouse老鼠micephenomenon现象phenomenamedium传播媒介media常见单复数同形的名词：Chinese 中国人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；mean

7、s 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。 Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill. Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked. 合成名词的复数形式：son-in-law sons-in-lawpasser-by passers-bystory-teller story-tellers【名师点睛】名词+名词时，仅将后面的名词变复数：girl student g

8、irl students 但是man/woman+名词时，前后都要变为复数：woman singer women singers1. (2020年1月浙江卷语法填空）For Japan, the _(number) are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.【答案】numbers。【解析】考查名词复数。根据句中are 可知主语应该用名词复数形式。2. (2020年7月浙江）Later, they learned to work with the _(season),【答案】seasons。【解析】考查名词复数。后来他们随着季节的

9、变更劳作。根据句意，一年有四季，故填名词复数，seasons。3. （2019新课标卷I短文改错）All the player on the playground cheered loudly.【答案】player改为players。【解析】考查名词复数。句意：操场上所有足球运动员都大声欢呼起来。根据all 可知player 要用复数形式。4.（2018新课标卷I语法填空）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_66（that which）_showed a mere five to 10 min

10、utes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _67_(cause).【答案】causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。5.house to raise dozens of chicken.【答案】chicken改为chickens【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。6. （2018全国新课标

11、卷短文改错）After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.【答案】sort改为sorts【解析】sort在此意为“种类”，是可数名词，和all搭配时用复数形式。故将sort改为sorts.7.（2018浙江卷）Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese _56_(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】dishes 【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，

12、表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。8.（2017全国新课标卷I语法填空）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.【答案】effects 【解析】考查单复数。分析语境

13、可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多，故填effects。9.（2017新课标卷语法填空）In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work

14、.【答案】crowds【解析】此处表示复数概念，crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds.10.（2017新课标卷语法填空）She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.【答案】invitations 【解析】考查名词单复数。several修饰可数名词复数形式，故填invitations。11.（2016全国新课标卷I语法填空）Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias bigge

15、st building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract). The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70(the) other is with mum she never suspects.61.【答案】attraction【解析】考查名词。 形容词top后面跟名词形式。69.【答案】days【解析】考

16、查名词复数。few修饰复数名词。2. 不可数名词(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词：advice建议， furniture家具， fun乐趣；information信息，news新闻， weather天气， progress进步，wealth财富，value价值等。(2)不可数名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success 成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴

17、的事 failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情 shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。物质名词具体化drink饮料two drinks 两杯饮料coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡chalk 粉笔a chalk 一支粉笔hair 头发a hair 一根头发抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如：Being able to afford a dr

18、ink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。（3）“of+抽象名词”相当于形容词。能用在此结构中的抽象名词有importance, value, use, significance, help 等。Its of no practical use to me.这对我没什么实际用途。The work I am doing is not of much value.我做的工作没有多大价值。1. (2020年全国I卷.语法填空）The far side of the moon is of particul

19、ar _(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山）, more so _than the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】 此题考查的是“be of +(形容词)抽象名词”的用法。设空处作介词of 的宾语，根据提示词可知设空处需填名词形式，故填名词interest.2. (2020年全国卷.语法填空）Filled with _(curious), the artist packed his bag and left.【答案】C【解析】 此题考查不可数名词。句意：

20、心中充满了好奇，这位画家收拾好行囊就出发了。设空处充当了with的宾语，所以要用所给词的名词形式。故填curiosity. 3. Youradviseisoflittle_.itdoesnthelptoimproveourEnglish. A. usefulB. uselessnessC. importanceD. helpless【答案】C【解析】 此题考查的是“be of +(形容词)抽象名词”的用法。useful 和helpless为形容词，故排除A和D, 根据后半句知“建议不能帮助我们提高英语成绩”，前半句也应该表示否定意义， little 本来就表否定意义，而uselessness又

21、是否定意义，故排除B.4. She has gained many unforgettable _ about animals when _ in the forest doing research.A. experiences; stayedB. experiences; stayingC. experience; stayedD. experience; staying【答案】B【解析】根据句意可知，experience在这里表示经历，因此为可数名词，所以排除C项和D项。When引导的从句其实是when she is staying in the forest doing research

22、.当主句主语和从句主语一致，并且从句中有系动词时，可以把从句中的主语连同系动词一起省略，故用staying。所以B项正确。句意：当停留在森林里做研究时，她已经获得了许多关于动物的难忘的经历。3. 表示数量的词(组)与名词的搭配修饰可数的量词： a number of, the number of, many, a great/good many few , a few, several 修饰不可数的量词： a large amount of , huge amounts of, a great deal of, much, too much little, a little 两个皆可修饰的量词

23、：some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of , quantity of考向2 名词的格1. -s所有格用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加-s 或；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加-s或。Toms and Jims rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。Tom and Jims room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。at the barbers在理发店at the teachers在老师办公室2. of所有格表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有

24、格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。the content of the novel小说的内容the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字3. 双重所有格指名词of名词所有格或名词of名词性物主代词。a play of Shakespeares(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)1.（2018全国新课标卷II短文改错）When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night.【答案】Fridays改为Friday。【解析】考查名词的格

25、。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有关系，故把Fridays改为Friday。2. mother was unconscious for five hours after being admitted to hospital. A. John and MaryB. Johns and Marys C. Johns and MaryD. John and Marys【答案】D【解析】句意：约翰和玛丽的妈妈被接收入院后五个小时都不省人事。此处主语是单数名词

26、，表示约翰和玛丽共有的妈妈，所以只在最后一个名词词尾加-s。如表示他们各自的母亲，则用Johns and Marys mothers。考向3 名词作定语1. 直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。college students大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛Lets stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。2. 名词所有格作定语。students b

27、ooks学生用书 Chinas capital中国的首都 the worlds population世界人口3. man，woman，gentleman作定语man，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。4. 某些常用复数的名词用作定语某些常用复数的名词，当它们

28、用作定语时，也须用复数形式。arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店sales department营业部 a goods train货车 savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department外语系5. 单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部6. 表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。a peasant family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语) a workers f

29、amily(worker习惯用所有格作定语)7. 两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。women drivers女司机 the womans driver这位妇女的司机girl friend女朋友 the girls friend 这女孩的朋友mother tongue母语 mothers tongue母亲的舌头8. 名词与其同根形容词都可以作定语，但意思上往往有差别：用名词作定语时，表示被修饰的名词的质地 或性质；用名词的同根形容词作定语，则说明被修饰的名词的特征。gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金)（2018浙江卷）R

30、esearchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _64_(weigh) problems.【答案】weight 【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。考向4 主谓一致高考主谓一致的知识结构一致原则考点详解例句语法一致1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。His father is w

31、orking on the farm.To study English well is not easy.What he said is very important for us all.The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.2. 由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl w

32、ere surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than， besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody b

33、ut Jim and Mike was on the playground.She，like you and Tom，is very tall. 4. either，neither，each，every 或no +单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。Each of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.5. 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。He is one of my friends who are working ha

34、rd. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are look

35、ing for the lost child.7. 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of +名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls.注：a number of 与the number of的区别8. 在倒装句

36、中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.逻辑一致1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。Which is your bag？Which are your bags？All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于

37、作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Ten miles is too long.3. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.一致原则考点详解例句逻辑一致5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其

38、谓语动词采用单数形式。Twelve plus eight is twenty.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics 以及news， works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。The paper works was built in 1990.I think physics isnt easy to study. 7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等词作主语

39、时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a（the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。The old are taken good care of.9. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。A large quantity of people is needed here.注意：quantities一般用复数。Quantities of f

40、ood (nuts) were on the table.10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.就近一致1. 当两个主语由either or， neither nor，whether

41、 or ，not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right. 2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.Here引导的句子用法同上。如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.一、语法一致语法一致：就是谓

42、语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1. 单数n.，不可数n.,不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。His father is working on the farm. Time is money. To finish all the work on time is impossible. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意

43、义的 并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。What I bought were 3 English books. What I say and do are helpful to you.2. 由and 或both.and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are friends. Both she and he are Young Pioneers.如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。 The writer and artist has come.由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each,

44、 every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it.3. 主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。 Mr Green, together with his wi

45、fe and children, has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4. either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of 复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter.Neither of th

46、e texts is interesting. None of us has been to South Africa.5. 定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。He is one of my students who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.1.(2020全国I卷.语法填空）because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how th

47、e moon 68. (construct) 【答案】67.means； 68. is constructed； 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。68. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之

48、间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。2.（2020山东新高考.语法填空）Often, only a small part of a museums collection 41. (be) on display.【答案】is【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museums collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or

49、used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。 3.（2018新课标卷I语法填空）While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 (than) walking, cycling or swimming.【答案】is【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，表示单数概念。故填is。4. He is on

50、e of the most selfish men that _ ever lived; thats why hardly _ making friends with him.A. has；anyone likesB. have；does anyone likeC. has；no one likesD. have；anyone likes【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men，因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数，one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词，因此第一个空用have；后半句译为那就是几乎没有任何人和他

51、交朋友的原因，hardly表示几乎不，根据句意，后面应是肯定句，故排除C项；hardly作为否定副词放在句首时，句子才使用倒装语序，因此排除B项。故选D项。5.集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。 His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)One third of the population here are

52、 workers.(人)people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。6. 由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of 名词，或者是分数/百分数名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。 The rest of the lecture is wonderful. A lot of time is wasted. A lot of people take part in the meeting. 2/3 water is drunk by him. 2/3 students are a

53、bsent.7. 倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.1.（2019年全国I卷.语法填空)Of _the_nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six_(70) stable,one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are。【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。 根据设空前后与本空并列的谓语动词的时态可知，本

54、空需要一般现在时；主语是six (subpopulations), 故填are. 二、意义一致原则1. 表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Twenty minutes is enough for the work. One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.2. 如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.one and a half 复数n.，谓语动词用单数。One a

55、nd a half apples is left on the table.3. 算是中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除）4. 表示学科的以ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。Physics is an important subject in middle schools. Mathematics is the study of numbers. Politics, economics, athletics等。5. 复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。 The glass works was built up in 1980. These glass works are near the r

56、ailway station.6. 由两部分组成的名词，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。a pair of 等量词时，视情况而定。7. The adj. 表示一类人，作主语时用复数。The young are usually very active. The old are lonely.三、就近一致原则就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1. 当两个主语由either or， neither nor，whether or ，not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻 近的主语一致。N

57、either his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个 主语保持一致。There aretwopens，abookandthreepencilsonthedesk. 书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。Thereis abook，twopensandthreepencilsonthedesk. 书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。3. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的

58、主语一致。Here is a map and a handbook for you. 这是一张你的地图和一本手册。Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。4. 就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有aswellas，asmuchas，alongwith，with，like，ratherthan，togetherwith，but，except，besides，including，inadditionto等。Yoursisteraswellasyourparentsisveryki

59、ndtome你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。She，likeyouandbetty，isveryclever像你和betty一样，她也很聪明。The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A.is goingB.goC.goesD.are going【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在冬天的每个星期天下午，这位父亲和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河面上滑冰。当 as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与as w

60、ell as前面的名词或代词保持一致。本题的谓语动词应与The father保持一致，用单数形式；由时间状语 every Sunday afternoon可知，本句应用一般现在时。故选C项。四、 名词+介词短语作主语 名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。 She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。 He with his parent

61、s is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。 Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。五、不定代词作主语1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。 Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。 Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。 Every minute is i

62、mportant to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。 Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗? Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。 Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。A

63、ll we need _ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.A.areB. wasC. isD. were【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句中的主语为代词all，代指的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的水果树。故C正确。六、特殊名词作主语1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词

64、作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。 The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名) Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)2. the+形容词作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。 The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。 The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，phy

65、sics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。 The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。 A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。 Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃

66、草。【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。七、表数量概念的词或短语作主语1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。 Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。 100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。 Tw

67、o and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。 Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。3. many a/more than one+单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。 Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。4. one and a half+复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。 One and a half pe

68、ars is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。5. the rest of. 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。 The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。 The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。6. none of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。 None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。7. a number of+名词复数表示许多/大量的，其后的谓语动词用复数；t

69、he number of+名词复数表示的数量，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。 A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到2 000多人。8. a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 A lot of time is needed.

70、 需要大量的时间。Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。八、动名词、不定式和从句作主语动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。 Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。 To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。 What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。The university estimates th

71、at living expenses for international students _ around $8，450 a year, which _ a burden for some of them. A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：那所大学估计，对国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是8450美元，这对他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living expenses，是复数，因此谓语动词用复数；第二空的主语是which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数。难点剖析 一、名词类别间的互换个体

72、名词与抽象名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质She held someflowersin her hand.The trees are now inflower花儿个体名词开花抽象名词Youthis beautiful.He is ayouthof twenty青春抽象名词年轻人个体名词They have achieved remarkablesuccessin their work.How about the Christmas evening party?I should say it was a success.成功抽象名词成功的事个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质Iron

73、is a kind of metal.Please lend me youriron.铁物质名词熨斗个体名词He broke a piece ofglass.He broke aglass.玻璃物质名词玻璃杯个体名词I bought a chicken this morningPlease help yourself to somechicken小鸡个体名词鸡肉物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如：have等）连用，表示某一次短暂的动作Id like_information about the management of your hotel,please.

74、Well, you could have_word with the manager. He might be helpfulA.some,aB.an,some C.some,some D.an,aThey sent usword of the latest happenings.消息（抽象名词）A.aB.anC./D.theCould we haveword before you go to the meeting?话（个体名词）A.aB.anC./D.the类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a

75、looktake a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发)/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in_international trade today.A.a,/B.the, an C.the, the D. /, thea knowledge

76、of truth(知道实际情况)give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识)If there were no examination, we should have_at school.A.the happiest timeB.a more happier timeC.much happiest timeD.a much happier timeis money.A.The timeB.A timeC.TimeD.Times抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一

77、种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰Oh, John. _you gave me!A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surpriseShe looked upwhen I shouted.A.in a surpriseB.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in some surprise其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have

78、 had some unpleasant surpriseIt is_work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.A.so unusualB. such unusualC.such an unusualD.so an unusual二、 主谓一致的其他情况其他情况例句and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复数；但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时，谓语使用单数。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher ar

79、e coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用复数。Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike, like his brother，enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。the

80、number of+复数名词作主语谓语用单数; a(good/large) number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生人数超过八百。A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500. 许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers, boots等。若此

81、类名词被a kind of/a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数。The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼镜的售价很高。当not only. but also.，not. but.，or，either. or.，neither. nor.等连接并列主语时，以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则。Neither Jack and I have seen this film.

82、杰克和我都没有看过这部电影Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。某些集体名词class, club, family, team, group等作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则，即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感

83、恩节。【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。【巧学妙记】主谓一致记忆口诀单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。有些名词谓常复，people、police即这般。主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。many a作主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。or、nor、but also、there be，近主原则挂嘴边。关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见，rest，means，following等，意义决定其复、单。none，all，

84、half of等，of之宾语定答案。还有分数、百分数，仍据of之宾定复、单。代词all指人谓复数，all指事情谓用单。量词用法请注意，谓语要随量词变。and连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠。no，each，every后单名，两种事物一概念。以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。形容词带the一类人，姓氏复数加定冠，-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。代词neither，either，each，用作主语谓全单。检测训练题组一 真题在线1.（2020江苏卷单项填空） The health security systems of many countries are undergoing conside

85、rable _.A. reservationB. transformationC. distinctionD. submission【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。2.（2020天津卷单项填空）His vivid descriptions of country life quickly becam

86、e popular, which established his _as one of Americas greatest writers.A. trustB. contactC. reputationD. theory【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对乡村生活的生动描述迅速流行起来，这树立了他作为美国伟大作家之一的声誉。A. trust信任；B. contact联系；C. reputation声誉；D. theory理论。根据句意，尤其是greatest writers可知此处用reputation“声誉”符合语境，故选C项。3.（2019江苏卷单项填空） Nowadays th

87、e _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。4.（2019天津卷单项填空）We can observe that artificial intelligence has alre

88、ady made a(n) _on our lives in many ways. A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。statement“陈述说明”；impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”；impression“印象，感想”；judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。5. （2018天津卷）The_ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspire

89、d scientists to explore the outer space.A. advice B. orderC. possibility D. invitation【答案】 C【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。6.（2018江苏卷）Trytounderstandwhatsactually happening instead of acting on the _ youve made.A. as

90、signment B. associationC. acquisition D. assumption【答案】D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment分配；B. association交往；C. acquisition获得；D. assumption假设。故选D。7.（2017江苏）The publication of Great Expectations, which _ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, statu

91、s as a leading novelist.A. is B. are C. was D. were【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致。本句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是Great Expectations是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据strengthened可知，被广泛阅读和得到高度评价发生在过去，故选C。8. （2017天津）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A. regard B. is reg

92、arded C. are regarded D. regards【答案】B 【解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard.as (把看做)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。9.（2016浙江）It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your _.A. condition B. income C. credit D. st

93、atus【答案】C【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。condition条件；income收入；credit学分，信用（卡）。根据句意可知C。10.（2016天津）The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _ of rain later tonight. A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance 【答案】D【解析】句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。 11.（2016江苏） Can you tell

94、 us yourfor happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full, definitely.A. recipe B. recordC. rangeD. receipt【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条；句意：你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？当然是尽情享受每一天。根据句意可知A项意为秘诀，与上下文相符。12.（2015湖北）When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his _ a

95、nd had a bad fall.A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place 【答案】A【解析】句意：男孩在追他哥哥时，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。A项平衡；B项机会；C项记忆；D项地方。lose ones balance失去平衡。故选A项。13.（2015湖北）He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went to carry out the secret task. A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure 【答案】C【解析】句意：他执行一项秘密任

96、务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项情绪；B项才能；C项身份；D项财富。故选C项。【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词secret task（秘密任务）和 gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字），然后推知肯定是为了hide his identity（掩藏身份），从而锁定正确答案。14.（2015安徽）There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some _ and then let me know.A. thoughtB. supportC. protection D. autho

97、rity【答案】A【解析】句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。15.（2015江苏）Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.Id like to, but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _ .A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets【答案】C【解析】句意：Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项请求；B项借口；C项道歉；D项遗憾，后悔。故选C项。16.

98、（2015江苏）Some schools will have to make _ in agreement with the national soccer reform.A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements【答案】B【解析】句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项判断，决断；B项调整；C项评价，评论；D项成就。故选B项。【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另

99、外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on对做出评价/评论，缩小正确答案的范围。17.（2015福建）The failure was a big _to him, but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.A. blowB. issueC. excuseD. Factor【答案】A【解析】blow打击； issue问题；excuse借口；factor要素。句意：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A18.（2015

100、浙江）One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive【答案】B【解析】句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。production产品， stress压力， energy能源， passive力量。根据常识可知，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B.。题组二 名校模拟. 单项填空1. The shoes were covered with mud, so

101、I asked them to take them off before they got into car. A. girls; TomsB. girls; Toms C. girls; TomsD. girls; Toms【答案】C【解析】考查名词所有格。根据后半句中的I asked them可知是多个女孩，所以第一个空格处用girls；后一个空格处是单数概念，用Toms。2. She has gained many unforgettable _ about animals when _ in the forest doing research. A. experiences; stay

102、edB. experiences; staying C. experience; stayedD. experience; staying【答案】B【解析】句意：当她停留在森林里做研究时，她已经获得了许多关于动物的难忘的经历。根据句意可知，experience在这里表示经历，因此为可数名词，所以排除C项和D项。When引导的从句其实是when she is staying in the forest doing research.当主句主语和从句主语一致，并且从句中有系动词时，可以把从句中的主语连同系动词一起省略，故用staying。所以B项正确。3. He found a lot of we

103、re . A. passers-by; grown-upsB. passer-bys; growns-up C. passer-bys; grown-upsD. passers-by; growns-up【答案】A【解析】考查名词复数。句意：他发现很多过路人是成年人。passer-by“过路人”的复数是passers-by；grown-up“成年人”的复数是grown-ups。故选A。4. We already have pencils, but we need two pens. A. dozen of; dozenB. dozens of; dozens C. dozens of; doz

104、enD. dozen; dozen【答案】C【解析】句意：我们已经有了很多铅笔，但是我们还需要2打钢笔。dozens of许多，大量；dozen前面有基数词表示确切数字时，接dozen原形。故C项正确。5. It is believed that very little _has been made of the waste materials from factories in the past decades, which on the contrary has brought pollution to the environment.A. costB. useC. valueD. act

105、ion【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意为：有人认为在过去几十年里，来自工厂的废料的利用率很小，这反而给环境带来了污染。make use of是固定搭配，表示利用，故B项正确。6. Lots of campaigns have occurred in China to defend the Nansha Islands recently. What is your _ of the situation?A. intentionB. assessmentC. attitudeD. appointment【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。intention意图，打算；assessment

106、评估，评价；attitude态度；appointment约定，约会。句意：在中国，为了保卫南沙群岛，开展了大量的运动。你对形势有什么评估？根据句意，B选项正确。attitude要和介词to/toward连用。7.So far as I know, a number of the students in our school _ from the suburb and the number of them _ 500.A. come；isB. comes；areC. comes；isD. come；are【答案】A 【解析】考查主谓一致。第一空的主语是a number of the studen

107、ts in our school，指许多学生，谓语用复数形式；第二空的主语是the number of them，指学生的数量，谓语用单数形式。故选A。8.The teacher along with her students _ the Palace Museum when we came across her.A. were visitingB. was visitingC. has visitedD. have visited【答案】B 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：当我们遇见那位老师的时候，她正在和她的学生们参观故宫。名词+介词短语作主语时，谓语动词要和介词前面的名词保持一致，即遵

108、循就远原则。该题中，谓语动词要和the teacher保持一致。该句时间状语为when we came across her，表示过去的时间，且根据句意可知，该空表示我们遇见老师时老师正在做的事情，要用过去进行时态。故选B。9Not even one of the hundred students who took the test passed.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。本句运用了定语从句，先行词是the hundred students，引导词who指代the hundred students，所以句子的主语是Not even one

109、of the hundred students，谓语用单数；主语与pass是主动关系。故选A。 10In front of the pine trees a family, members are always friendly to their neighbors.A. lives;whereB. live, whoseC. lives, whoseD. live;where【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致和定语从句。“In front of the pine trees _ a family”是句子主干，是倒装句，主语是a family，它是一个集体名词，强调整体时谓语动词应用单数，故第一空

110、填lives。“_ members are always friendly to their neighbors”是定语从句，修饰a family，关系词在定语从句中作定语，故第二空填whose。故选C。11Contrary to what we had expected, the noodles and rice they served on the plane quite delicious.A. areB.isC. wereD. was【答案】C【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。结合该句中宾语从句谓语动词had expected可知，该处应用一般过去式；主语是the noodles and r

111、ice，谓语动词应用复数，故选C项。12The professor, _ some of his assistants , _ to attend our discussion.A. and; isB.as well as; isC. or ; areD. except for; are【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致。and连接两个名词或代词作主语，谓语动词应用复数；or连接两个名词或代词作主语，谓语动词的单复数采用就近原则；as well as和except for连接两个名词或代词作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于前者，故选B项。 13One third of the country _ co

112、vered with trees and the majority of citizens _ Han people.A.is ; areB.is；is C. are；areD. are；is【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。one third of the country指该国国土面积的三分之一，是不可数名词，故用is；the majority of citizens指大多数公民，是可数名词，故谓语用复数，选A项。14The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around $8,450

113、per year, which _ a burden for some of them.A. are; isB.is; areC.is; isD. are; are【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：大学估计，国际学生的生活费用是8，450左右一年，对一部分同学来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是前面的宾语从句中的living expenses，这是一个复数名词，故用are；第二空中，作主语是前面的which，which引导的定语从句补充说明前面的living expense for international students are around 8，4508 a year这一件事，所以用单数

114、。故选A。15Either you or one of your assistants _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A.isB. areC. haveD. would【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致和动词。句意：你或你的一位助手将出席明天的会议。either or连接两个主语，谓语用就近原则；be to do sth. 打算做某事。故选A。. 语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Styrofoam is plastic1a bad reputation.It cannot be recycled w

115、ithout releasing(释放) dangerous pollutants into the air. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency2(say) it is the fifth largest creator of dangerous waste.Scientists from the U.S. and China have discovered that mealworms can digest plastic. One mealworm can digest a pill-sized amount of plastic a day

116、.Study co-author Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic3(turn) into carbon dioxide.Are the worms hurt by4(eat) plastic? The study found that worms eating Styrofoam were as5(health) as worms eating bran (糠).Styrofoam is a lightweight material, about 95 percent air, with very good insulation pr

117、operties (绝缘性),according to Earthsource. org. It is used in products from6(cup) that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging materials7protect items during shipping.Solving8problem of plastic pollution is important. Landfill space is becoming limited, says Wu, a Stanford University environmental e

118、ngineering instructor.About 33 million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every year. Plastic plates, cups and containers take925 percent to 30 percent of space in Americas landfills. One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years10(recycle) in a landfill, according to Cleveland

119、 State University.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中美科学家发现大黄粉虫的幼虫能消化塑料垃圾。1with 考查介词。with a bad reputation表示有坏名声。2says 考查动词时态和主谓一致。文章时态以一般现在时为主，且主语为单数名词，故填says。3is turned 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语the plastic为不可数名词，与turn之间构成动宾关系，且该句为一般现在时，故填is turned。4eating 考查非谓语动词。介词by后接动名词作宾语，故填eating。5healthy 考查形容词。系动词后用形容词作表语，故填healthy

120、。6cups 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空后that引导的定语从句中的谓语动词为keep，故应用复数名词cups。7that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，从句缺少主语且指代物，故填that或which。8the 考查冠词。因problem后有of plastic pollution作后置定语，表示特指，故填the。9up 考查固定搭配。根据语境可知，此处表示占据(take up)，故填up。10to recycle 考查非谓语动词。根据sth./sb. takes some time to do sth.结构可知，此处应填to recycle。. 短文

121、改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。It was my 17th birthday and I was looking forward to see my friends. I arrived at my favorite restauran

122、t, waiting for him. We would have the special birthday dinner. I looked for a familiar face but failed. Soon the restaurant was filled customers, none of which were my friends. An hour later, I went back home, lonely and disappointing. To my great surprise, I found the door was wide open while I arr

123、ived home. Nervously, I walk into the dark room. Suddenly, all the light went on and my friends were appeared shouting surprise”. I had an unforgettable birthday.【答案】It was my 17th birthday and I was looking forward to my friends. I arrived at my favorite restaurant, waiting for. We would have speci

124、al birthday dinner. I looked for a familiar face but failed. Soon the restaurant was filled customers, none of were my friends. An hour later, I went back home, lonely and . To my great surprise, I found the door was wide open I arrived home. Nervously, I into the dark room. Suddenly, all the went o

125、n and my friends appeared shouting surprise”. I had an unforgettable birthday.【解析】这篇文章主要讲了作者十七岁生日时，作者的朋友给作者举办的一个特殊的生日宴会。第一处：考查固定用法。look forward to期盼，后面要接动词的ing形式，所以see改成seeing。第二处：考查代词。指代前面的“我的朋友们”，所以him改成them。第三处：考查冠词。我们将有一个特殊的生日宴会。泛指“一个特殊的生日宴会”，且special的首字母发音 是辅音，所以the改成a。第四处：考查固定用法。be filled with

126、是固定用法，意思是满是，充满，所以filled后面加with。第五处：考查定语从句。这个句子含有一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以which 改成whom。第六处：考查v+ed形式。v+ed修饰人，v+ing修饰物，这里描述作者的感受，所以disappointing改成 disappointed。第七处：考查连词。when表示“当的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用非延续性动词，这些动 词既可以表示动作，又可表示状态，常跟一般过去时。while表示“在的时候”“在期间”。 while从句中必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动词，常跟过去进行时，所以while改成when。第八

127、处：考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以walk改成walked。第九处：考查名词单复数。突然，所有的灯都开了。“所有的灯”是复数意义，所以light改成lights。第十处：考查语态。my friends与 appeared之间是主动关系，所以用主动语态，删去were。高考名词专练1. (2019全国I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) th

128、at populations are increasing. belief2.(2018全国I卷）.reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all_(cause).causes3.(2017江苏，34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative_(explain) are hard to find.【答案】explanations 【解析】句意：恐龙灭绝未必是由天体事故

129、造成的，但是很难找到其他的解释。设空处在此处作句子的主语，要用名词形式。根据谓语动词are可知此处要用名词的复数形式。4.(2016浙江，4)It is important to pay your_ (electric)bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.【答案】electricity 【解析】句意：按时交电费很重要，因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。本题考查名词作定语。名词作定语时，常用其单数形式，故答案为electricity。5.(2016江苏，24)Can you tell us your recipe for_(h

130、appy) and a long life?- Living every day to the full , definitely .【答案】happiness 【解析】句意：你能告诉我们你幸福、长寿的诀窍吗？切地说，就是充实地度过每一天。介词后需用名词形式，happiness作“幸福”讲为不可数名词，故答案为happiness。6.(2016天津，2)The dictionary is out of_ : many words have been added to the language since it was published.【答案】date 【解析】句意：这本词典过时了：自从它出

131、版以来，这种语言已经添加了许多单词。out of date过时。7.(2015安徽，30)There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some_ ( think ) and then let me know .【答案】thought 【解析】句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案，思考一下然后让我知道。本题考查名词。some修饰名词，故填thought。8.(2015湖北，21)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his _ (balanced) and had a ba

132、d fall.【答案】balance 【解析】句意：这个男孩在追他哥哥的时候失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。lose ones balance失去平衡，符合语境。9.(2015湖北，22)He gave himself a new name to hide his_ (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task.【答案】identity 【解析】句意：在去执行秘密任务的时候，为了隐藏自己的身份，他给自己取了一个新名字。考查名词。identify是动词，意为“鉴定，识别”。identity是名词，意为“身份”。10.(2015江苏，32)S

133、ome schools will have to make_ (adjust)in agreement with the national soccer reform.【答案】adjustments 【解析】句意：有些学校将不得不做出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。adjustment是adjust的名词形式，make adjustments意为“做出调整”11.(2015江苏，35)Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.- Id like to , but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _ (apologize).【

134、答案】apology 【解析】句意：Dave,去向你妈妈道歉。我愿意去，但是我担心她对我的道歉并不会感到满意。apologize的名词形式是apology。12.(2015浙江，15)One of the most effective ways to reduce_ (stressed) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.【答案】stress 【解析】句意：减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈感受。在本句中应用名词形式，stress是名词，意为“压力”。13.(2014安徽，29)Why not buy a second-

135、hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?-Thats a good_(suggest)【答案】suggestion【解析】 句意：如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话，为什么不先买辆二手车呢？那个建议不错。根据句子结构可推知设空处需用名词形式，设空处前有不定冠词，故设空处填suggestion。14.(2014湖北，21)Her_ (motivate)for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.【答案】motivation【

136、解析】 句意：她写作的动机是渴望为妇女争取接受高等教育的权利。形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式，此外后面的谓语动词为was,故设空处需用名词单数形式。15.(2013江西，22)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _ (patient).【答案】patience 【解析】句意：每当我犯错时，老师都会耐心地把它们指出来。设空处前面为介词with,故应填写名词patience(耐心）。16.(2013天津，7)While she was in Paris, she developed a_ (tasty)for fine art.【答案】taste 【解析】句意：在巴黎期间，她培养了对美术的兴趣。冠词a后加名词，故填taste。