2020秋新教材高中英语 Unit 4 Natural disasters Section II演练达标 新人教版必修第一册.docx

1、Reading and Thinking (1)阅读理解AA powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at 2:46 p.m. local time on March 11 2011. Japans Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami warnings just three minutes later. The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world

2、.There are more than four thousand Seismic Intensity Meters(地震烈度测量仪) in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity. These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening. Information about the strength and the centre of the earthquake can be learned within three m

3、inutes.There are also concrete(混凝土) sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline. But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.Costas Synolakis, a tsunami expert at the University of Southern California said, “Japan is one of those most well-prepared countries on Ear

4、th in terms of tsunami warning. They had a warning. I think what went wrong is that they had not expected the size of this event.”He says there are two reasons for this. Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last one hundred and fifty years. And scientists had not expec

5、ted such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan.The nine point zero magnitude earthquake was the fourth most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide. It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as thirteen

6、 metres in some areas.Costas Synolakis says Japans concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves.1. Where can this passage probably be adapted from?A. A newspaper.B. A fairy tale.C. A sports website.D. An entertainment magazine.解析：推理判断题。本文介绍了日本由于地震所引发的海啸对日本产生的巨大破坏以及日本对于地震的预防等方面的信息,故最有可

7、能是来自报纸。答案：A2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. A terrible earthquake hit the northeastern coast of Japan.B. The powerful earthquake was also the worst one in Japan.C. The 9.0 earthquake was the fourth most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan.D. Japans concrete sea walls were u

8、nable to handle such high waves.解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“The nine point zero magnitude earthquake was the fourth most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide.”可知,9.0级地震是全世界范围里第四大的地震,而不是日本。故C项说法错误。答案：C3. Why did Japan suffer such a loss according to Costas Synolakis?A. The country has never experienc

9、ed any event as big as this one over the past 150 years.B. Japan has the best earthquake early warning systems.C. There are not enough concrete sea walls around the Japanese coastline.D.The government didnt announce its first tsunami warnings three minutes earlier.解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段中“Japan has not h

10、ad any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last one hundred and fifty years.”可知,破坏性如此之大是因为日本人没有预料到有如此严重的地震会袭击日本。故A项正确。答案：A BMandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree. She lives a

11、t the National Zoo in Washington D.C.And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses said she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on. And shes not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan(猩猩) let out a loud call and the

12、n climbed to the top of her shelter.“Its very different from their normal call,” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. “The lemurs(monkey-like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm call if they see or hear something highly unusual.”“Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing,” said Bran

13、die Smith. “Thats part of their special abilities.”Primates werent the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound and a huge lizard(蜥蜴) ran quickly for cover. The flamingoes(a kind of bird) gathered before the quake and stayed together u

14、ntil the shaking stopped.Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. For example, Smith said the zoos giant pandas didnt jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. “Im not surprised at all,” Smith said.4

15、. Why did Mandara act strangely one day?A. Because she sensed something unusual would happen.B. Because her daughter Kibibi was injured.C. Because she heard an orangutan let out a loud call.D. Because an earthquake had happened.解析：细节理解题。根据文中“Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen.

16、So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree.”可知,Mandara好像意识到有什么不同寻常的事情要发生,故A项正确。答案：A5. Which animal seems unable to sense quakes?A. A lizard.B. A flamingo.C. A lemur.D. A giant panda.解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“For example, Smith said the zoos giant pandas

17、 didnt jump up until the shaking actually began.”可知,动物园的大熊猫直到地震真正开始时才跳起来。答案：D6. What is the best title for the passage?A. How Animals Survive a QuakeB. How Animals Differ from HumansC. How Animals Behave Before a QuakeD. How Animals Protect Their Young in a Quake解析：主旨大意题。通览全文可知,本文主要讲述震前动物的反应和表现,故C项正

18、确。答案：CCLast week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome, successful man devoted to his work and family but uncomfor

19、table with his children. As a child I loved him, as a schoolgirl and young adult I feared him and felt bad about him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight As and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was. Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I use

20、d to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard.On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my fathers friends for lunch at an outdoor caf. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate at the street table, and laughed over my sons funny facial expressions. Gone was my f

21、athers critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before?The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times tog

22、ether became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment. After so many years, Im at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, Im delighted with my new friend. My dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was.7. Why did the author feel bad about

23、her father as a young adult?A. He was silent most of the time.B. He was too proud of himself.C. He did not love his children.D. He expected too much of her.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight As and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as successful as

24、he was.”可知,作者小时候对爸爸感觉不好是因为爸爸对她要求很高。答案：D8. How did the author feel when she went out with her father?A. Nervous. B. Sorry.C. Excited. D. Safe.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard.”,再结合作者小时候对爸爸的态度和看法可知,每次和父亲一起外出度周末,她都非

25、常紧张。答案：A9. What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?A. More critical.B. More unhappy.C. Gentle and friendly.D. Strict and hard-working.解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段和第四段的描述可知,作者的爸爸其实也很温和、友善。从第三段结尾的反问句可以知道作者对爸爸的观感有了变化。第四段中作者感觉和爸爸成了朋友。答案：C10. Whats the best title of the passage?A. Our Good

26、 TimesB. My Father Is Back to MeC. My ChildhoodD. My Earliest Memories解析：主旨大意题。作者以前一直以为爸爸是个严厉、苛刻的人,但到了图森市和爸爸接触之后才看到爸爸友善的一面,整篇文章讲述的就是对爸爸的情感转变过程,故B项正确。答案：BDSome people are naturally better than others at social activities. There are the lucky few that draw people to them without any effort. 11 Put you

27、rself at ease and remember these tips:Smile! A smile is understood in any culture and any age as a sign of friendship. So go ahead! It will put the other person at ease. You will seem approachable and happy. 12Make eye contact. Good eye contact engages the other person to you. When you are introduce

28、d to someone, shake their hands and repeat their names. 13 Making eye contact shows you have confidence and are interested in the other person.14 Having a trusted friend next to you makes it less frightening to walk into a room full of people. But remember that even if you walk in as a pair, it does

29、nt mean you just stick together the whole time. The point in a social gathering is that you make friends with other people.Go to social settings with a shared interest. For example, joining an art class automatically puts you in a setting with other people you already have a common interest in. 15A.

30、 Go with friends.B. Ask the other person questions.C. That will help you remember their names.D. This is the worst impression to make in any setting.E. It will let the other person know that you are safe to talk to.F. But for most of us, we feel shy and awkward in social activities.G. You now have s

31、omething to talk about and work it from there.11. 解析：前面提到,很少有人能毫不费力地吸引人们。空前句中的“the lucky few”与F项中的“most of us”相对应,同时F项中的but引起的句子与空前一句意义正好相反。答案：F12. 解析：本段主要讲述“微笑”的魅力,首先E项中的代词it指代的是“微笑”,同时E项也是表述微笑的益处。答案：E13. 解析：根据前面一句,当你被介绍给某人时,握他们的手并重复他们的名字,很容易推知下层意思:因为这会帮助你记住他们的名字。C项中的代词that与上句相呼应。答案：C14. 解析：要求选择本段的

32、小标题。通览本段内容可知,这里讲的是值得信任的朋友的陪伴,故A项正确。答案：A15. 解析：前面作者建议,根据你的兴趣去参加社交活动。因为当你有了一些可以谈论的东西,就能从这些方面开始谈论。故G项正确。答案：GReading and Thinking (2)基础测评. 单句语法填空1. The nurse takes care of the patient as if he (be) her father.2. Her refusal to do the job left me (shock). Therefore I was speechless.3. It seemed that he h

33、ad great difficulty (breathe) after about twenty-five minutes jogging.4. The family as well as their dog (trap) on the roof by the flood.5. Hard as he tried, all his (effort) to get that job ended up with failure.6. The little girl was sitting with her head (bury) in an interesting book.7. (see) the

34、 police, he made a run for the exit.8. When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood ruins.9. Most of the major cities of the world suffer traffic jams.10. The heavy rain didnt do much damage the crops.答案：1. were2. shocked3. breathing4. were trapped5. efforts6. buried7.

35、 Seeing8. in9. from10. to. 选词填空the dead, in times of, as usual, as if, come to an end, in ruins, the number of, blow away, in shock, dig out1. foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising steadily since 1997.2. If I were the wind, I would the dust of the world.3. After the battle,

36、 the soldiers buried .4. I regret to say that the hurricane left the city .5. For me, the nightmare(噩梦) that lasted 132 days has today.6. Why didnt your father drive you to school that day ?7. As your best friend, I could not leave you trouble.8. The girl looked around in search of something.9. They

37、 sat there and disbelief.10. Many valuables have been in the working site.答案：1. The number of2. blow away3. the dead4. in ruins5. come to an end6. as usual7. in times of8. as if9. in shock10. dug out. 语法填空Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. The water in the villag

38、e wells rose and fell. 1. (chicken) and pigs were too nervous to eat. Bright lights were seen in the sky and loud noises 2. (hear).At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to 3. end! A large city lay 4. ruins in less than one minute. The earthquake caused great

39、damage to the city. People were in shock. Water, food, and electricity were hard 5. (get).Soon 6. the quakes, soldiers were sent to the city to dig out those 7. were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. 8. (slow) the city began to 9. (breath

40、) again.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people, a new Tangshan was built. And up to now the city 10. (become) a home to more than seven million people.答案：1. Chickens2. were heard3. an4. in5. to get6. after7. who8. Slowly9. breathe10. has become 提升测评. 阅读理

41、解An earthquake is a trembling or shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release(释放) of energy stored in the rocks below the surface. Generally, earthquakes last only seconds. Strong ground shaking during a medium(中等的) to large earthquake generally lasts about 10 to 30 seconds. Aftershocks(余震) ca

42、n occur once in a while for weeks or even months.Many people think that there is an “earthquake season” or a kind of “earthquake weather”. As a matter of fact, there isnt. Earthquakes can occur at any time of the year and at any time of the day or night. Earthquakes occur under all weather condition

43、ssunny, wet or cold without any special weather tendency(倾向).Also, you dont need to worry that the ground will open up and swallow people when earthquakes occur. Open ground cracks may form during an earthquakerelated, for example, to land sliding or ground falling. However, such cracks tend to be o

44、pen gaps (they dont “swallow”) that a person could stand in afterwards.The safest place in an earthquake is an open field because buildings and falling objects can injure or kill you. If you are indoors, when you feel the ground start to shake, take cover immediately under a table or strong piece of

45、 furniture, placing something between falling objects and yourself. Dont attempt to use the stairs or an elevator to get out of the building.1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Earthquakes usually last 10 to 30 seconds.B. After a big earthquake, there are many more quakes.C

46、. Cracks in an earthquake are very dangerous.D. What usually injures people during an earthquake are falling buildings.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The safest place in an earthquake is an open field because buildings and falling objects can injure or kill you.”可知,在地震中,造成人们受伤的是倒塌的建筑。答案：D2. The underlined word “s

47、wallow” in Paragraph 3 probably means “”.A. take sb/sth inB. make sb frightenedC. make room for sb to stand inD. make the ground slide解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中“However, such cracks tend to be open gaps (they dont swallow) that a person could stand in afterwards.”可知,这里意思是这些裂口不能吞没人,所以“swallow”意思是“吸收,吞没”。答案：A3.

48、During an earthquake, which of the following things should you NOT do?A. Find an open field and stay there.B. Stay away from buildings.C. Take cover under a table.D. Take an elevator.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Dont attempt to use the stairs or an elevator to get out of the building.”可知,在发生地震时,不能乘电梯。答案：D. 完形填空

49、Do you believe cats have nine lives? If they do, then a cat named Scarlett may have used a few of her 1 all at once. Scarlett was a cat 2 in an old, empty building in New York. One day, the building caught fire. Most animals would have tried to quickly 3. But, Scarlett had five kittens to 4. As the

50、fire got bigger, Scarlett ignored the 5. One by one, she carried her 6 to safety. By the time Scarlett 7 the last kitten, her fur was badly burned, and her eyes were burned shut.A 8 firefighter found all the kittens and 9 their mother. Even though Scarlett could not see him, she 10 his voice and let

51、 him pick her up. He put her in a box with her babies. She couldnt 11 her kittens, so she counted them by touching each ones nose.Scarlett and her kittens were 12 to an animal hospital where it took almost three months for them to heal. Scarletts 13 story was reported in the local newspapers. Many p

52、eople wanted to 14 Scarlett and her kittens. An official of the hospital made sure that they were all adopted(收养) into 15 homes.Scarletts fur grew back, and her eyes fully opened once again. In her new 16, she played with paper balls 17. She didnt act as if she were 18. She was just happy to live in

53、 a safe home with 19 owners. To prove it, she purred(发出呼噜声) loudly when her 20 were near. Scarlett was a true survivor.1. A. chances B. interestsC. lives D. parents解析：根据上文中的“Do you believe cats have nine lives?”可知,如果猫有九条命,那么Scarlett就同时用了她的几条“命(lives)”。答案：C2. A. missing B. survivingC. wandering D. pl

54、aying解析：根据“old, empty”可知,Scarlett 在这栋旧的、空旷的建筑中勉强度日。survive活下来。答案：B3. A. change B. escapeC. hide D. return解析：根据上一句中的“the building caught fire”可知,房子着火了,大多数的动物都会试图“逃跑(escape)”。答案：B4. A. feed B. chooseC. protect D. follow解析：根据下文Scarlett救出自己孩子的语境可知,她要“保护(protect)”自己的孩子们。答案：C5. A. danger B. trouble C. unf

55、airness D. anger解析：由常识可知,火灾发生且火势渐大,Scarlett面临的应该是“危险”。答案：A6. A. boxes B. foodC. friends D. kittens解析：火势逐渐变大,但是Scarlett不顾危险,将所有的“小猫(kittens)”带到了安全地带。答案：D7. A. lost B. leftC. saw D. saved解析：根据下文中的“firefighter found all the kittens”可知,Scarlett“救(saved)”出了所有小猫。答案：D8. A. kind B. smartC. busy D. strange解析

56、：根据下文中消防员救出Scarlett及其小猫们的举动可知,消防员是个“善良的(kind)”人。答案：A9. A. asked for B. looked forC. knew about D. gave up解析：根据下文中的“He put her in a box with her babies.”可知,消防员在找到小猫后又“寻找(looked for)”它们的妈妈。答案：B10. A. forgot B. heardC. recognised D. trusted解析：根据下文中的“let him pick her up”可知,Scarlett“相信(trusted)”消防员,所以让他把

57、她救起。答案：D11. A. see B. touchC. raise D. smell解析：根据上文中的“her eyes were burned shut”可知,Scarlett“看(see)”不见了。答案：A12. A. invited B. introducedC. rushed D. forced解析：Scarlett和她的孩子们被“迅速送往(rushed)”宠物医院。答案：C13. A. scary B. sadC. heroic D. romantic解析：根据上文中Scarlett英勇救出自己孩子们的经历可知,这是个“英勇的(heroic)”故事。答案：C14. A. prai

58、se B. helpC. examine D. cure解析：根据下文中的“they were all adopted”可知,许多人想“帮助(help)” Scarlett和她的孩子们。答案：B15. A. good B. richC. healthy D. old解析：根据下文中的“happy to live in a safe home”可知,猫们都被“好(good)”人家收养了。答案：A16. A. basket B. cityC. home D. hospital解析：由上下文可推知,此处是Scarlett的新“家(home)”。答案：C17. A. proudly B. bravel

59、yC. nervously D. happily解析：根据下文中的“She was just happy”可知,在Scarlett 的新家,她“高兴地(happily)”玩着纸团。答案：D18. A. famous B. blindC. ill D. cute解析：根据上文中的“story was reported in the local newspapers”可知, Scarlett“出名了(famous)”。答案：A19. A. patient B. humorousC. loving D. positive解析：根据上文中的“She was just happy”可知,她的主人“充满爱意(loving)”。答案：C20. A. enemies B. doctorsC. babies D. owners解析：当Scarlett的“主人(owners)”靠近时,她会大声打呼噜表示友爱。答案：D