2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第1部分 BOOK 5　UNIT 2　THE ENVIRONMENT WORD版含答案.doc

1、Book 5Unit 2The environment晨读暮诵单元话题环境1haze n雾霾2smog n烟雾3reusable adj.可再使用的4existence n生存5energy n能量；精力6pour v倾倒7harm n对有害8pollute v污染9threaten v威胁10totally adv.完全地11effective adj.有效的12greenhouse effect 温室效应13result in导致14pay attention to注意15take measures采取措施16to make matters worse使事情更糟糕的是17preventfr

2、om阻止免于18form a habit of养成的习惯19live a lowercarbon life过低碳生活20raise ones environmental awareness提高某人的环保意识1As we all know，environmental protection has become one of the current hot topics.众所周知，环境保护已成为当下的一个热点话题。2It is high time for us to take measures to prevent the earth from getting warm.该是我们采取措施来阻止全球

3、变暖的时候了。3There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.不可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。4Accordingly/Consequently, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that people are more and more aware of

4、the importance of the protection of the environment.因此，不难得出结论：人们越来越意识到环境保护的重要性了。5Only in this way can we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.只有用这种方法我们才能享受到新鲜的空气并过上健康的生活。结合漫画Three Generations，写一篇100词左右的英语短文，用微信发给某环保部门。1简要描述漫画反映的现象；2分析这种现象产生的主要原因及危害；3提出解决这种问题的方法(至少两点)。参考范文As is vividly shown in th

5、e cartoon，when standing beside the river in their hometown, the grandpa said to himself，“It was clear.” The river was brown in the dads memory，while the child screamed，“It is black now！”What the story mirrors is clearly about water pollution.Many factors account for the pollution，yet nothing but hum

6、an behavior is the main reason.With no effective measures taken by the government，many factories pour amounts of waste water into rivers without treating it.Obviously, drinking heavily polluted water will do great harm to human health，in which case many people are faced with potential risks of sickn

7、ess or even death.To avoid the tragedy, something practical should be done from now on.First of all，the government should take measures to deal with water pollution seriously.Whats more，we suggest some popular programmes be produced to teach people，especially the owners of factories，how to avoid pol

8、lution.Only by raising peoples awareness of the environmental protection can we enjoy clean water and a healthy life.高频词汇1_(n.) 顾问2_(n.& vi.) 辩论；争论，讨论3_(adj.) 贪婪的，贪心的4_(n.) 看法；信念5_(vt.& vi.) 经营；动手术6_(n.) 数量7_(n.)商品，货品8_(n.) 到来，抵达；到达者9_(n.) 海关；关税10_(vi.) 冲突，抵触(n.) 冲突；矛盾11_(vt.&vi.&n.)减少12_(n.) 措施，方法；

9、尺度；(vt.) 测量；估量，判定13_(n.) 洪水；大量，大批；(vt.& vi.) 泛滥；大量涌入；淹没14_(n.) 范围；一系列；山脉；(vi.)(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排序，排列15_(vt.) 欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会16_(n.) 气候17_(adj.) 电的，用电的18_(vt.) 消耗，耗费；消费19_(adj.)专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的20_(vt.) 吸收；理解；使全神贯注21_(n.) 十年【答案】1.consultant2.debate3.greedy4.belief5operate6.quantity7.goods8.arrival9.custom

10、s10.conflict11.decrease12.measure13.flood14range15.appreciate16.climate17.electrical18consume19.particular20.absorb21.decade派生词汇1_(adj.) 经济的_(n.) 经济_(adj.) 节俭的；经济的_(adv.) 节俭地；经济地2_(n.) 产量；生产_(n.) 产品；产物_(v.) 生产(n.) 产品；农产品3_(n.) 责任，职责_(adj.) 负责的_(adv.) 负责地；可靠地4_(vt.)使印象深刻_(n.)印象_(adj.)给人深刻印象的5_(adv.)

11、非法地_(adj.) 非法的_(adj.)合法的6_(vt.)保护，保存；节省，节约 _(n.)(对自然环境的)保护聚焦goods类似词customs海关；关税remains残留物；遗迹works作品surroundings周围环境belongings动产；财物arms武器【答案】1.economic；economy；economical；economically2production；product；produce3.responsibility；responsible；responsibly4.impress；impression；impressive5.illegally；illegal

12、；legal6.conserve；conservation语境活用1Cheap goods are available, but not in sufficient_(数量) to satisfy demand.2Social progress is normally a matter of struggles and_(冲突)3Bank base rates have fallen from 10 percent to 6 percenta _(减少)of 40 percent.4We must take preventive_(措施)to reduce crime in the area.

13、5.The temperature_(在一定范围内变化) between 30 and 40 degrees centigrade on average.6.Many streams have_(淹没)their banks, making some roads impassable.7The police havent really done anything for the black community in_(特别的)8.In order to_(欣赏)the novel one must be able to enter the spirit of the work.9.There

14、has been widespread public _(讨论)over the introduction of genetically modified food.10There will be tax increases on a range of_(商品) and services.【答案】1.quantities2.conflicts3.decrease4.measures5ranges6.flooded7.particular8.appreciate9debate10.goods1_ the floor自由发言2result _ 导致3cut back _ 减少，削减，缩减4use

15、_ 用尽5run _(of) 用完，耗尽6cause/do damage _ 对造成危害7clean _ 打扫(或清除)干净8queue _ 排队等候9pick _ 找出；挑选10_ regard to 关于，至于11let _ 排放12_ particular 尤其，特别13_ ones part 尽自己的职责14set _ 创建，建立，开办15put _danger 把置于危险之地16_use 在使用中17_way 进行中【答案】1.open2.in3.on4.up5.out6.to7.up8up9.out10.in/with11.off12.in13.do14.up15in16.in17

16、.under语境活用1As you cut back_ the amount of caffeine you consume, you may find yourself feeling tired.2I went along thinking of nothing _particular only looking at things around me.3After the midterm exam, the students decided to go on an excursion to let _ stress.4Once the nonrenewable resources are

17、used _， nothing can replace them. 5.Im going to pick _ a few books to send to several friends in South China. 6.What are your future plans_ regard to both higher education and employment? 7.The yearly campaign to raise funds for the Red Cross is already_ way. 8.Please queue_ for a ticket. Do not jum

18、p the queue. 9.The fuel had almost run _ and was forced to break into a filling station.10An increase in cars has resulted_ the decline of public transport.【答案】1.on2.in3.off4.up5.out6.in/with7under8.up9.out10.in1. 原句First I am talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by

19、 chemical waste.点拨句中vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste是定语从句，修饰先行词the way，way后省略了that/in which。仿写计算机已经改变了我们的工作和娱乐方式。Computers have changed _.2. 原句The worlds population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.点拨本句使用了倍数表达法：倍数what从句。仿写这家汽车厂现在的产量是五年前的三倍。The car factory can produce _

20、 five years ago.3. 原句I liked it when you told that joke.点拨句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面when引导的从句。仿写我不喜欢你口是心非。I dont _ you dont say what you mean.4. 原句Therefore，the more petrol and electricity we consume，the more carbon we are letting off.点拨“the比较级，the比较级”句型，表示“越，越”。仿写你越努力，你的进步就越大。_ you work，_ you will get.【答案】

21、1.the way (that/in which) we work and play2three times what it did3.like it when4.The harder；the more progress第一板块核心词汇基础知识要牢记1belief n看法；信念beyond belief难以置信have a belief in 相信hold the belief that 持有信心Its beyond belief that a 14yearold girl could break the provincial high jump record.难以置信的是，一个14岁的女孩可

22、以打破省级跳高纪录。Poor as he was in math, he didnt give up, because he held the belief _diligence makes up for the deficiency.虽然他数学不好，但他没有放弃，因为他坚信勤奋弥补不足。【答案】that2operate vt.经营，管理；操作vi.动手术；运转；见效，起作用(1)operate on sb.(for)(因某病)给某人动手术(2)operation n. 运转，运行；操作come/go into operation 生效，实行be in operation 运转中，实施中(3)

23、operator n. 操作员；接线员Doctors decided to operate on the patient at once.医生们决定立刻对病人实施手术。The new rules come _ operation from next week.新规定从下周起开始实施。一词多义写出下列句中operate的含义。ORBIS is an international nonprofit organization which operates the worlds only flying teaching eye hospital._This machine is very easy t

24、o operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes._Im afraid that your leg will have to be operated on；theres no other way to stop the pain._Although the machine operates well at low temperatures，at high temperatures there are some problems._The doctor said the medicine would operate in ten min

25、utes._【答案】into经营操作动手术运转见效，起作用3impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记，使牢记vi.给人留下印象，使人注意(1)be impressed by/with对有深刻印象impress sth.on/upon ones mind/memory 使某人对某事有印象/使某人铭记某事impress sth.on/upon sb./impress on/upon sb. sth. 使某人铭记某事impress sb.with sth. 某事给某人留下深刻印象(2)impression n. 印象make/leave a deep impression on sb./ones m

26、emory 给某人留下深刻的印象(3)impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；令人难忘的We are very impressed with the standard of the childrens works.这些儿童作品水平之高，给我们留下了深刻印象。The teacher impressed _ his students the importance of making notes in class.老师让学生认识到课堂上做笔记的重要性。A thousand words will not leave so deep _ impression as one deed.千言万语不如一个

27、行动。【答案】on/uponan4conflict vi.冲突；抵触n.冲突，矛盾与相冲突(a)conflict over sth. 关于的冲突She had often come into conflict with her mother.她经常与妈妈发生争执。His account conflicted _ reports received from other journalists.他的讲述和从其他记者那儿收到的报道有出入。She found herself in conflict _ her parents _ her future career.她发现自己在将来择业问题上与父母存在

28、着分歧。【答案】withwith; over5measure nC措施，方法；尺度vt.测量；估量，判定；linkingv.(指尺寸、长、宽、高等)量度为(1)take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事maketo ones measure 依照某人的尺寸做(2)be measuredby/in 用来衡量/计算measure sb.for 为某人量尺寸She was being measured for her wedding dress.正在给她量尺寸做结婚礼服。The government has taken measures _ down the high price

29、s of daily goods to keep the market stable.政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的高价格，以保持市场稳定。【答案】to bring温馨提示measure表示“(测量后)有长(或宽、高、大等)”时是系动词，主动形式表示被动含义。6range n(变动)范围，幅度；一系列；分类；射程；山脉vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序(1)in/within range of在的范围内beyond/out of range of 在的范围外a range of 一系列的(2)range fromtorange betweenand在和范围内变化Classical m

30、usic ranges from jazz to pieces for large orchestras.古典音乐范围从爵士乐到大型管弦乐作品。The customer you are trying to reach is currently _ range.你正在拨打的用户目前不在服务区。【答案】out of/beyond7appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感激；领会(1)appreciate (ones) doing sth.感激(某人)做某事I would appreciate it if 如果，我会感激不尽(2) appreciation n. 欣赏，感激；理解Id apprec

31、iate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.如果你能让我提前知道你是否能来，我会很感激的。I appreciated my teachers _ me learn so much.我很感激我的老师帮我学习到这么多。【答案】helping8absorb vt.吸收(气体、液体、热、光等)；理解；使全神贯注(1)absorb knowledge/information掌握知识/信息absorb ones attention/the attention of sb. 吸引某人的注意absorbint

32、o 把吸收进absorb oneself in 全神贯注于(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注于be absorbed in 全神贯注于More ard more newspapers are being absorbed into the Murdoch empire.越来越多的报纸被并入默多克的媒体帝国。When deeply absorbed _ work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.当他集中精力工作时，这种情况常有发生，他总是废寝忘食。【答案】in9cut back on减少，削减

33、，缩减cut across抄近路穿过cut off 切断(供应)，中断(电话通话等)；断绝cut down 砍倒；削减；裁小cut out 删除；裁剪cut up 切碎cut in 插嘴，打断(谈话)Many schools are cutting back on staff at the moment.目前许多学校在裁员。We _ in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cell phone was out of power.我们在电话里谈到一半，电话就断了，因为我的手机没电了。The community college

34、has to cut _ on staff so as to save money.为了省钱，那所社区学院只好裁员。【答案】were cut offdown10run out (of)用完，耗尽run into撞进；遭遇；达到run across 偶然遇到；穿过run after 追求；追赶，追逐run away 逃离；突然离开He is always running out of money before pay day.他总是在发薪日前就把钱花光了。The supply of our food almost ran _ and we felt helpless.我们的食物给养几乎用光了，我

35、们感觉很无助。词义辨析run out用完，耗尽不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等run out of用完及物动词短语，其主语一般为人give out耗尽，用完不及物动词短语，其主语通常是物分发，散发出及物动词短语，其主语为人或物use up用光，用完及物动词短语，其主语一般为人选用上述词语填空According to the rule of the competition, we have to _all the items before the time_.However, it is a long and tiring process.As a result, that day

36、, long before I _the time given by the judge, my strength had_.What a disappointment! 【答案】outuse up；runs out；ran out of；given out11pick out找出，挑选；辨认出；领会；理解pick up拾起，捡起；收拾，整理；(偶然)学会；用车接人；收听到；好转，(情况)改进；感染；买到pick off 摘掉；摘下来pick ones pocket 扒窃；掏包You can pick out the photo you like best，and Ill make an en

37、largement of it for you.你可以挑选出你最喜欢的照片，我会为你扩大它。She picked _ Spanish when she was living in Mexico.她住在墨西哥时顺便学会了西班牙语。一词多义写出下列句中黑体部分的含义。Perhaps you can help me pick out a pair of jeans now, since you are an expert._It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly pick out my friend._Having read the pass

38、age many times, I finally picked out its main idea._Peter drove to Anns house to pick up his dog, and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window._Id finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine._Its surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very

39、 long._【答案】up挑选辨认出领会用车去接拿起学会词汇训练全通关.单句语法填空1The Ministry of Education demanded many a measure _(take) in schools after the new school year began.2What is the cost of the MP5 here?Well，the prices range _ $100 to$500.3When _(lie) on the sofa，_(absorb) in her book，Judith didnt notice her parents come in

40、.4Right after the disaster，rescue teams began flooding to the worsthit area，and the whole rescue _(operate) will last about five days.5I would appreciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the hairdressing appointment.6The public debate over _ the children of migrants should be allowed to take th

41、e national college entrance exam in major cities is heating up.7Food supplies in the floodstricken area _(run) out.We must act immediately before theres none left.8Traditionally，Chinese people cut _ the Chinese characters Double Happiness and stick them onto walls or doors for weddings.9_ (impress)

42、by the young mans honest speech，they offered him a good post.10Each of his ears _ (measure) approximately 11.5 inches long.【答案】1.(should)be taken2.from3.lying；absorbed4operation5.if6.whether7.are running8.out9Impressed10.measures/measured.单句改错1She picked out Spanish when she was living in Mexico._2O

43、ur food has been run out，so we must go to the market before our guests arrive._3Large quantities of information，as well as money，has been offered since the organization was built._4I hate when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger._5When I came in，I saw my son sitting under the tre

44、e，absorbing in his video games._【答案】1.outup2.去掉been3.hashave4.hate后加it5.absorbingabsorbed第二板块经典句式基础知识要牢记1I liked_it_when you told that joke.我喜欢听你讲那个笑话。句中like是及物动词，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语为when引导的从句。(1)英语中在表示喜爱、憎恶之类的动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句，而要用形式宾语it，然后再加真正的宾语从句，这样的动词有appreciate，enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer等。I don

45、t like it when the weather gets really cold.当天气变得太冷的时候我就不喜欢了。I _ when people talk loudly in public.我不喜欢别人在公共场合大声喧哗。(2)一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语然后加真正的宾语从句，常见的动词短语有：depend on，rely on，see to(确保)等。Yon may _ that they will support you.你相信好了，他们会支持你的。I owe it to you that I have achieved such great results in my r

46、esearch work.我在研究工作中取得如此巨大的成果应归功于你。【答案】dislike itdepend on it温馨提示类似用法的结构还有：owe it to sb.(把归功于某人)和take it for granted(认为理所当然)。2Therefore，the_more petrol and electricity we consume，the_more carbon we are letting off.因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。句中运用了“the比较级，the比较级”句型。用法如下：(1)意为“越就越”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方

47、程度的变化而变化(2)从结构上看，第一个“the比较级”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来；第二个“the比较级”是主句，用一般将来时(3)本结构中常用省略形式The more he thought like this，the more unhappy he became.他越是这样想，就越是不开心。_ you stay in Nanjing，_ you will like it.你在南京待的时间越长，你就会越喜欢这座城市。The sooner，the better.越快越好。【答案】The longer；the more(2016高考四川卷，阅读理解D)T

48、he more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.分析本句为the morethe more结构。翻译你睡觉前摄入的脂肪越多，晚上就对你的身体造成越大的负担。 句式训练全通关.句型转换1Li Ping doesnt like you to point out her mistakes.Li Ping doesnt _ you point out her mistakes.2If you read more，you will learn more._ you

49、read，_ you will learn.3He treated us in that way，which made us not happy.We didnt like the way _ he treated us.【答案】1.like it when2.The more；the more3.that/in which.话题写作根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面小作文。1随着气候的变化和经济的发展，环境变得越来越糟。(climate，economy)2到了我们采取措施来保护环境的时候了。(take measures to do)3每个人都应该负起责任来。(responsibility

50、)4在家我们应该尽可能地少消耗能源。(consume)5离开家时关灯。(when doing)6另外，外出时不开车，乘公交或骑自行车。(in addition)【参考范文】With the changing climate and the development of economy，the environment is getting worse and worse.Its time that we took measures to protect it.Every one of us should take the responsibility.At home，we should cons

51、ume as little energy as possible.Turn off the lights when leaving.In addition，when going out，instead of driving a car，take a bus or cycle.阅读理解组块练.阅读理解AEco City Farms are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the United States.Eco City Farms in Edmonston，Maryland，is located near shopping c

52、enters，car repair shops and homes.The neighborhood is a workingclass community.People do not have very much money，and they have limited access to fresh food in markets.Over the past two years，the farm has attracted volunteers from the community like Marcy Clark.She schools her four children at home.

53、On a recent day she brought them to Eco City Farms for a lesson.Her son Alston Clark thinks his experience is very valuable.“I like coming out here，” he says，“You know，you connect with the earth，where your food comes from.You appreciate the food a little bit more.”Margaret Morgan started Eco City Fa

54、rms.She thinks of it as a place where people can learn to live healthier lives.“Growing food in a community brings people together，” she continues，“Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration to show people everything about how to have an ecofriendly community.”she says.From the Eco City Farms

55、 people come to know that they are not only growing food and raising chickens and bees，but improving the soil with compost(肥料)made from food waste.Eco City Farms is an experimental operation.The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks，but from the sun with solar panels.In winter，

56、the green houses use a geothermal(地热)system. Vegetables can be grown all year.So once a week，all winter long，neighbors like Chris Moss and her three children bike to the farm to pick up a share of the harvest.“I like eating the vegetables，” says fiveyearold Owen Moss.1What is mainly talked about in

57、the passage?AEco City Farms save a lot of energy.BEco City Farms are gaining popularity.CEco City Farms are influencing community life.DEco City Farms help the workingclass live better.2According to the passage，Eco City Farms are close to the following places EXCEPT _.Ashopping centersBcar repair sh

58、opsCfastfood restaurantsDworkingclass community3What is the authors attitude towards Eco City Farms?AEnthusiastic.BDisappointed.CSurprised. DDoubtful.4In which column of a newspaper can you most probably read this article?APeople. BTravel.CEnvironment. DEducation.【答案与解析】1B主旨大意题。通读全文特别是文章首段可知生态城市农场在美

59、国各地日益流行。故答案选B。2C细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“is located near shopping centers，car repair shops and homes.The neighborhood is a workingclass community.”可知，答案选C。3A观点态度题。从字里行间，特别是第四段第二句可知作者对生态城市农场是很热情的。故答案选A。4C文章出处题。这篇文章介绍的是生态城市农场，这是以环保为理念的家场。故答案选C。BIts most keen advocates say that global warming is gradually ruin

60、ing the parts of our planet. But the effects of the phenomenon might be felt more positively a little closer to home, after scientists claimed that it would make flowers smell sweeter.Some flowers could give out a smell that is nine times more fragrant than they currently produce，according to a repo

61、rt.It says that a temperature increase of between 1 (34F)5 (41F) will vastly increase the ability of flowers to produce their sweet smells.The study，published in the journal Global Change Biology，suggests that plants are able to produce more terpenes(萜烯)the chemicals that give them their smellin hot

62、ter conditions.Despite the environmental risk linked to climate change，the effect on flowers could also help bee populations as the stronger smells make flowers easier to find and pollinate(授粉)It also found that the effect could be more significant in cooler countries such as the UK and would have a

63、 strong effect on fruit trees.The finding comes as the unseasonably warm autumn weather this year has led to reports that plants are being “tricked” into blooming early.Guy Barter，chief horticultural adviser at the Royal Horticultural Society(RHS)，described the findings as interesting and said it co

64、uld have a significant effect on lightly scented(有香味的) flowers.“We think about climate change in terms of rising temperatures and sea levels but there are more subtle potential effects which we have not thought about，” he told The Sunday Times.Last year，experts from the Intergovernmental Panel On Cl

65、imate Change warned the average global temperature had risen by 0.5 in 50 years.They predicted temperatures would increase by 3 over the next century，causing a rise in sea levels，flooding，disease outbreaks and mass migration of refugees.5Whats terpenes according to the passage?AGases.BThe chemicals

66、that give them their smell.CFlowers.DA special kind of fruits.6Why can the effect of climate change on flowers help bee populations?ABecause there are so many flowers.BBecause flowers grow well.CBecause the bees like these flowers.DBecause the stronger smells make flowers easier to find and pollinat

67、e.7The underlined word “vastly”in the second paragraph means _.Agreatly BslightlyCimpossibly Dhopelessly8Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?AThe effect could be more significant in warmer countries.BThe effect has a little impact on fruit trees.CNot all flowers could give out a nine ti

68、mes more fragrant smell.DThe researchers have thought about all potential effects.【答案与解析】5B细节理解题。由文章第四段the chemicals that give them their smellin hotter conditions可知，萜烯是让植物发出气味的一种化学物质，故选B。6D细节理解题。由文章第四段as the stronger smells make flowers easier to find and pollinate可知，气味越强烈，花更容易被找到和授粉。7A词义猜测题。由全文及第三

69、段可知，当温度上升15，花朵制造香气的能力会大大增强。8C推理判断题。由文章第二段Some flowers could give out a smell that is nine times more fragrant可知C项正确，not all意为“并非所有的”。CThe need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the worlds supply of water. With 97% of the worlds water too salty to be drunk or used in agricultur

70、e, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the worlds agricultural industries experience constant water shortages. Although dams c

71、an be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered.Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are l

72、ost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements. This is particularly troubling for c

73、ountries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation (灌溉). In Texas, farmers overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys,

74、but much of the water use has been poorly managed. Saudi Arabias attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty

75、years of pumping will see them run dry. 9From the first two paragraphs we learn that_. Amuch of the worlds water is available for useBpeople in high rainfall countries feel luckyCthe costs of water redistribution should be consideredDwater can be easily carried through pipes across the world10Which

76、of the following is TRUE?AThe water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%. BMost industries in the world suffer from water shortages. CThe underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years. DGood management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley. 11What is most lik

77、ely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?ASteps to improving water use management. BWays to reduce the costs of building dams. CMeasures to deal with worldwide water shortages. DApproaches to handling the pressure on water supply. 12The text is mainly about_. Awater supply and increasing po

78、pulationBwater use management and agricultureCwater redistribution and wildlife protectionDwater shortages and environmental protection【答案与解析】9C细节理解题。由文中第一段第二句“With 97% of the worlds water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture”可知A选项错误；由第一段第三句“strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a h

79、igh rainfall country”可知B选项不合文义；第二段前两句指出水资源的重新分配的费用极高，一方面是水利工程本身的造价，另一方面也会对生态造成极大的破坏，所以选项C正确，根据第二段第四句“it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other.”可知D项不正确。10C细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores.”可判断A选项不正确；由第一段最后一句可判断B选项错误；由文章最后一句“fifty years of pu

80、mping will see them run dry.”可知C项正确。根据文章第三段最后一句可知D项不正确。11A推理判断题。文章前面一部分主要是讲述农业在利用水资源过程中存在的问题，接下来应该是介绍加强水资源管理的方法和措施，所以A选项正确。12B主旨大意题。由第一段第二句可知。D(2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国双一流校大联考)Environmental health is defined as the control of the factors in the environment that may have harmful effects on peoples physi

81、cal, mental, or social wellbeing.Because natural disasters expose people to danger by bringing up or threatening their immediate environment, effective management of environmental health after a natural disaster is of great importance.The environmental health measures that must be considered after a

82、 natural disaster include the supply of appropriate shelter for individuals or groups of people left homeless, the distribution of safe and accessible water, and the protection and distribution of safe food products and so on.To effectively manage environmental health during and after a disaster, it

83、 is important that a state of preparation is in effect before the event actually occurs.During an emergency, success lately depends on making good, rapid judgment and appropriate response measures.Highlevel decision makers, therefore, must be familiar with sound measures beforehand and should be giv

84、en an accurate judgment of the disasters specific effects as quickly as possible.This book is intended to serve as a guide for those who may be called upon to make emergency decisions after disaster strikes.The recommended environmental health measures have been listed in the order of priority in wh

85、ich they should be taken during an emergency.However, each natural disaster is unique in the degree or type of emergency.In response to any given disaster, decision makers may find it necessary to change the priority assigned to any particular measure.13Why is it significant to take effective measur

86、es after a natural disaster?AVictims may be at strike without immediate controls.BVictims may be at the risk of losing their properties.CVictims may be exposed to poisonous or radioactive minerals.DVictims may be threatened by environmental health problems.14What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?AGoo

87、d preparation beforehand is vital.BRapid judgment is quite beneficial.CEffective measures sound familiar.DSlow responses sound ineffective.15Whom is the book mainly written for?AA researcher quite into environment health.BAn organizer to handle domestic disastrous situations.CA possible decisionmake

88、r to handle a disaster emergency.DA holidaymaker fond of the topic of effective management.【答案与解析】13D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知对自然灾害后的环境健康进行有效的管理显得尤为重要。分析选项可知D项符合题意。故选D项。14A段落大意题。本段讲述了为了有效地管理灾害期间和之后的环境卫生，在事件实际发生之前进行准备是很重要的，在紧急情况下，有准备才能做出良好、快速的判断和适当的应对措施。分析选项可知选A。15C细节理解题。根据第四段中的第一句可知，本书是给那些在灾难发生后要求做出紧急决定的人提供

89、指导的，分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C项。.七选五(2018北京市朝阳区高三年级第二次综合练习)Rich and FamousTwenty years ago the most common ambition of American children was to be a teacher, followed by working in banking and finance, and then medicine.But todays situation is quite different.1 Instead they most commonly say they want to be a

90、 sports star, or an actorin other words, they hope to become a celebrity.According to experts, young people desire these jobs largely because of the wealth and the fame.2 Lets take athletes and singers as an example.Their careers are shortlived.Many athletes best time only lasts a few years and sing

91、ers can have a very limited career.The field that was once the focus of their lives becomes something they have little or no involvement in.As a result, theyll have a feeling of worthlessness and a lack of control.3 The truth is quite simple: they have been so far removed from it for so long.In spit

92、e of these disadvantage, there is greater ambition than ever among young people to achieve that status.They are not satisfied just making a livingthey want to be rich and famous.Globally, more and more TV shows provide talent competitions where winners can achieve their goals in just a few weeks or

93、months.4 They unrealistically believe that this lifestyle is easily obtained and leads to great satisfaction.While many people argue that there is nothing wrong with having such ambitions, others feel that this trend will finally lead to dissatisfaction as more and more people are unable to reach th

94、eir goals.5 That means they ignore the simple fact that great effort is needed before success.As a result, many people wont realize their childhood dreams, which could have a negative effect on their happiness.AThe younger generation dont favor these professions any more.BIn many ways this has been

95、brought about by the celebrity culture.CUnfortunately, they do not always have a positive effect on peoples life.DBesides, it can be difficult for them to adapt back to a normal everyday life.EPeople no longer have a sense of satisfaction once their goals have been achieved.FThis quick way of gainin

96、g wealth and fame creates a celebrity culture among people.GThe reason is that they dont realize it takes talent and hard work to be rich and famous.【答案】15ACDFG语言知识运用组块练.完形填空A young student was one day taking a walk with a professor，who was commonly called the students friend.As they_1_along，they sa

97、w a pair of old shoes_2_on the road，which they thought belonged to a poor man who was working in a field nearby.The student_3_to the professor，saying，“Let us play a_4_on the man: we will_5_his shoes，and conceal(隐藏) ourselves behind those bushes，and wait to see his anxiety_6_he cannot find them.”“My

98、young friend，” answered the professor，“we_7_never enjoy ourselves by_8_the poor.Since you are_9_，why not give yourself a much greater pleasure by helping the poor man？Put a(n)_10_into each shoe，and then we will hide ourselves and_11_how the discovery affects him.” The student did so，and they both hi

99、d themselves behind the_12_.The poor man soon_13_his work，and came across the field to the road_14_he had left his shoes.While putting on his shoes，he felt something_15_.He stooped(弯腰) down to see_16_it was，and found the coin.He was greatly surprised.He then_17_him on all sides，but found nobody.He t

100、hen put the coin into his pocket，and his surprise was doubled when he found_18_coin.He fell upon his knees，looked up to heaven and uttered aloud a fervent (热烈的) thanksgiving，in which he_19_his sick wife and his children without bread.The student was_20_moved and his eyes were filled with tears.1A.ra

101、nBwentCgot Dcame2A.laying BlyingCputting Dsitting3A.turned BtookCrushed Dreached4A.game BmatchCtrick Dpresent5A.buy BsellCborrow Dhide6A.when BsinceCwhile Duntil7A.must BshouldCwould Dneed8A.taking care of Blooking down uponCmaking fun of Dmaking use of9A.young BoldCpoor Drich10A.coin BgiftCstone De

102、gg11A.hear BlistenCwatch Dask12A.house BdoorCbushes Dtrees13A.began BfinishedCended Drefused14A.where BwhenCthat Dwhich15A.light BheavyCsoft Dhard16A.how BwhichCwho Dwhat17A.looked around Blooked afterCturned around Dturned off18A.another BotherCthe other Dothers19A.talked about Bspoke ofCthought of

103、 Dthought over20A.quickly BslowlyCsuddenly Ddeeply【答案与解析】1B文章开头提到老师和学生正在散步，故此处表示两人“往前走着”。go along指“沿着路向前走”。2B他们看到一双旧鞋“躺”在地上。lying是lie的现在分词形式，在此作宾语补足语。3Aturn to the professor表示“转过身朝着教授”。4Cplay a trick on sb.是固定搭配，意为“捉弄某人”。5D由下文conceal ourselves可推测，学生想“藏”起农夫的鞋，然后隐藏起来，和农夫开玩笑。6A学生想看“当”农夫找不到鞋时焦急的表情。此处填wh

104、en，引导时间状语从句。7B我们永远不“应该”通过取笑穷人来使自己开心。其余选项语气表达不准确。8C本题承接上题。make fun of意为“取笑”。9D由上下文可知，此处的意思应与poor相反，故选rich。10A由16空后的found the coin可知，此处填coin。11C让我们“看看”这一发现会给他带来什么影响。其余选项与文义不符。12C由第一段最后一句中的behind those bushes可知，他们躲在“灌木丛”后。13B由下文可知，那个穷人“干完”了活。14A农夫穿过田地走向了他放鞋的地方。此处应选where来引导定语从句，修饰先行词road。15D他感觉到鞋里有“硬的”东

105、西。hard意为“硬的”，其余选项与文义不符。16D他弯腰看是“什么”东西。17A农夫对鞋子里的钱很疑惑，所以他“环顾”了他的周围。look around意为“环顾四周”。18C表示“两者中的另一个”，用the other。19B他“提到”了生病的妻子和饥饿的孩子。speak of意为“说起，提到”。20D学生被“深深地”感动，热泪盈眶。.语法填空No sooner had the bell rung 1._a middleaged man，accompanied by our teacher，walked into the classroom.All of us looked at one

106、another 2._(question)The man stepped onto the stage and said，“I lost my bag on my way to my office two days ago.As I 3._(be) wondering where I could find it，I received a phone call.It was a girl，who had picked up my 4._(lose) bag near a bus stop and she had found my phone number in the bag.”“Then I

107、realized that I must had lost my bag when I was hurrying to catch the bus.The girl didnt leave until I returned to the bus stop and got back my bag.But she then left in such 5._hurry that I had no time 6._(ask) her name.I had spent two days 7._(visit) the schools nearby.I would like to thank her.”As

108、 he was speaking，our teacher 8._(walk)to Xu Guanlan and asked her，“Why didnt you tell me the reason when you came to school late the day before yesterday? ” At that time，Guanlan had to look up.Before she said anything，the man cried out，“It is her！She is the very person 9._returned the bag to me！”All

109、 the 10._(eye) were fixed on Guanlan with appreciation.【答案】1.than2.questioningly3.was4.lost5.a6to ask7.visiting8.walked9.who10.eyes书面表达组块练.短文改错Dear Mr.Brown，Id like to introduce myself to you.I want apply for a position in your firm.I graduate from college three years ago and since then I have worke

110、d as a engineer.I am good at English and know some Japanese and Germany.I am hardworking and careful in something I do.I am honest，kind and easily to get on with.Born in 1985，I am still unmarried.Im sure I am capable but if I am accepted，I will try out my best to contribute to our firm.Im sure Im fi

111、t at the position.My telephone number is 16161165616.Im looking forward to be answered early.Yours，Li Hua【答案】Dear Mr.Brown，Id like to introduce myself to you.I want apply for a position in your firm.I from college three years ago and since then I have worked as engineer.I am good at English and know

112、 some Japanese and .I am hardworking and careful in I do.I am honest，kind and to get on with.Born in 1985，I am still unmarried.Im sure I am capable if I am accepted，I will try my best to contribute to our firm.Im sure Im fit the position.My telephone number is 16161165616.Im looking forward to answe

113、red early.Yours，Li Hua.书面表达假如你是新华中学学生李华，请你以你所在城镇或农村生活或学习环境的变化为主题，给市长写一封信。信件包括以下内容：1描述最近的变化；2提出相关问题；3提供合理建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Mayor，Im a student from Xinhua Middle School, which lies in a town of our city.Im writing to tell you that great changes in living conditions have take

114、n place around our school.The air has been seriously polluted by a factory near our school recently, making it difficult for us to breathe.We have to stop doing sports and playing games outdoors.Worse still, some of the students fell ill because of the smelly air and they had to stay at home last we

115、ek.Therefore, we wish you could send someone to look into the incident and try to solve the problem as soon as possible.We are looking forward to your reply.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua单元基础回顾练.一句多译1如果你能教我如何使用电脑，我将感激不尽。Id appreciate _me how to use the computer.Id appreciate_you could teach me how to use

116、the computer.2他在音乐会上的表演给我留下了深刻的印象。He_me _his performance at the concert.I was _with/at/by his performance at the concert.His performance at the concert left/had/made _me.3由于专心作画，约翰没有注意到我进入他的书房。As he was _painting，John didnt notice me enter his study._painting，John didnt notice me enter his study.4我的

117、钱已经用完了，我必须找我的父母要点。My money has _.I must go to my parents for some.I have _my money.I must go to my parents for some.My money has_.I must go to my parents for some.【答案】1.you/your teachingit if2.impressed；deeply withdeeply impresseda deep impression on3absorbed inAbsorbed in4.run out /given outrun out

118、 ofbeen used up.单句改错1Many teachers hold a belief which extended studying time doesnt necessarily improve their students grades._2It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measured over 90 meters._3The doctors decided to operate the patient for his lung cancer._4The earlier you set about your work, the soon you will finish it._5Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out of.We must act immediately before theres none left._【答案】1.whichthat2.measured measuring3operate后加on4.soonsooner5.去掉of