2020-2021学年人教版英语必修3学案：UNIT 4 SECTION Ⅰ　WARMING UP .doc

1、授课提示：对应学生用书第53页ESA to launch space waste collector in 2025语篇导读欧洲航天局拟于2025年发射航天器清理太空垃圾。A fourarmed robotic waste collector will be launched(发射)into space by the European Space Agency (ESA) in what it says will be the first mission(任务) to remove an item of waste.The ClearSpace1 mission，scheduled for l

2、aunch in 2025，will cost C120 million and will grab(抓住) a single piece of waste.But the agency hopes the mission will pave the way for a widereaching clearup operation，with ESAs Director General JohannDietrich “Jan” Wrner calling for new rules that would force those who launch satellites to take resp

3、onsibility for removing them from orbit(轨道) once they are retired from use.“Imagine how dangerous sailing the high seas would be if all the ships ever lost in history were still drifting on top of the water，”said JohannDietrich“Jan” Wrner.“That is the current situation in orbit.”In the past 60 years

4、，thousands of tonnes of waste have accumulated around the Earth，including old rocket parts and satellites.They are typically circulating at a speed of 20,000 km/h.Unless a clearup operation is launched，the chances of collisions(碰撞) will increase as thousands more satellites are put into orbit.The ta

5、rget for ClearSpace1 is a piece of waste called Vespa，which was left in an orbit around 800 km above the Earth by ESAs Vega launcher.Vespa weighs 100 kgaround the size of a small satelliteand was selected because it has a simple shape and strong construction.The “chaser” ClearSpace will be launched

6、into the target orbit where it will track down Vespa，grab it using robotic arms and drag it out of orbit, with Vespa and the chaser both burning up the atmosphere on the way down to the Earth.A future ambition is to create clearup robot that could push waste in the atmosphere，before continuing grab

7、and deorbit other pieces of waste.Section Warming Up & ReadingPreparing授课提示：对应学生用书第53页课文预读释疑原文呈现HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHNo one knows exactly how the earth began，as it happened so long agoHowever，according to a widely accepted theory，the universe began with a “Big Bang”that threw matter in all dir

8、ectionsAfter that，atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.as it happened so long ago是as引导的原因状语从句。that threw matter.是that引导的定语从句，修饰a “Big Bang”。For several billion years after the“Big Bang”，the earth was still just a cloud of dust.What it was to become was uncertain until bet

9、ween 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or notIt exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make

10、 the earths atmosphere.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.it was not clear whether.，it是形式主语，whether从句是真正的主语。Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but，unlike the earth，it had disappeared later.It was not immediately obvious t

11、hat water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.It was not immedia

12、tely obvious that.中，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。which made it possible.是非限制性定语从句，修饰a chain reaction，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to develop。Many millions of years later，the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen，which encour

13、aged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.Next，green plants began to grow on land.They were followed in time by land animals.Some were insects.Others，called amphibians，were able to live on land as well as in the water.Later when the plants grew into forests，reptiles appeare

14、d for the first time.They produced young generally by laying eggs.After that，some huge animals，called dinosaurs，developed.They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.However,65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended.Why they suddenly disappeared still remain

15、s a mystery.This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth.These animals were different from all life forms in the past，because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.called amphibians“被称为两栖动物”，过去分词短语called.作后置定语，相当于定语从句which were called.。Why they sud

16、denly disappeared是why引导的主语从句。made possible.“使成为可能”，宾语the rise of mammals on the earth因为太长而后置。Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals，now with hands and feet，appeared and spread all over the earth.Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.But t

17、hey are not looking after the earth very well.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.As a result of this，many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.So whether life will continue on the earth for mi

18、llions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.阅读清障according to根据。后不跟me，us，view，opinion。如果要表达类似的意思，可用in my view，in my opinion等。widely accepted广泛接受的theory/IrI/n.学说；理论begin with(start with)从开始，起源于Big Bang宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸in all directions(in every direction)朝四面八方atom/tm/n.原子billio

19、n/bIlIn/pron.&n.&adj.英万亿；美十亿a cloud of dust一团尘埃a cloud of一般用来修饰不可数名词。globe/lb/n.球体；地球仪；地球global/lbl/adj.全球性的；全世界的violent/vaIlnt/adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的in time to do sth./for sth.及时做某事，来得及做某事in time及时；终于carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon/kbn/n.碳dioxide/daIksaId/n.二氧化物nitrogen/naItrdn/n.氮water vapour水蒸气vapour/veIp/n.蒸气

20、；水蒸气atmosphere/tmsfI/n.大气层；气氛cool down凉下来，冷却unlike/nlaIk/prep.与不同；不像反义词like prep.与相同fundamental/fndmentl/adj.基本的；基础的be fundamental to是的基础the continued presence of water水的长期存在continued adj.持续不断的presence/prezns/n.出席；到场；存在dissolve/dIzlv/vt.&vi.溶解；解散harmful/hmfl/adj.有害的be harmful to对有害(do harm to)acid/s

21、Id/n.酸a chain reaction连锁反应chain/teIn/n.链子；连锁；锁链in chains戴着镣铐reaction/rIkn/n.反应；回应multiply/mltIplaI/vi.&vt.乘；增加oxygen/ksIdn/n.氧encourage此处意为“激发，促进，助长”。shellfish/elfI/n.水生有壳动物amphibian/mfIbIn/n.两栖动物as well as也，还reptile/reptaIl/n.爬行动物；爬虫lay eggs下蛋dinosaur/daIns/ n恐龙exist/IzIst/vi.存在；生存mammal/mml/n.哺乳动物

22、give birth to产生；分娩thus/s/adv.因此；于是in ones turn轮到某人prevent.from doing阻止/制止做as a result of由于的结果too hot to live on太热而不能在上面居住too.to.太而不能；live on中的on不能省略depend on取决于，依靠,课文译文地球上生命的起源没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始的，因为在很早很早以前它就形成了。然而，根据一种普遍为人们所接受的理论，宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。 大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了，地球还只是一团尘埃。它将

23、成为什么不得而知，直到45亿38亿年前，这团尘埃才逐渐稳定下来变成了固态的球体。地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。它(地球)猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火和岩石，最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。更重要的是，随着地球冷却下来，地球的表面开始出现了水。在其他行星像火星上都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。水对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。这产生了连锁反应，使生命的生长发育成为可能。 好几百万年以后，水的表面开始出现了最早的极小的植物。它们繁

24、殖起来使得海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及各种鱼类后来的进化创造了条件。接着，绿色植物开始出现在陆地上。随后，陆地上出现了动物，其中有一些是昆虫，另外一些叫两栖动物，它们既能在陆地上生活，也能在水里生活。后来，当这些植物长成森林时，爬行动物第一次出现了。它们一般是通过孵蛋来繁衍后代的。再后来，一些叫恐龙的巨型动物出现了。它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。然而，六千五百万年前，恐龙时代结束了。它们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。恐龙的灭绝使地球上哺乳动物的兴起有了可能。这些动物不同于以往所有的生命形态，因为它们从体内生产出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。最后，大约260万年前，一些小巧聪明、长着手脚的动

25、物出现了，它们散布在地球的各个地方。于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。然而，他们对地球却不怎么在意，他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气中，这使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。因此，许多科学家相信地球可能会变得太热而不适合(生物的)生存。所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。课文阅读理解Step 1Match each paragraph with its main idea.1.Para.1A.The importance of water for life.2.Para.2B.The development of plants and animal

26、s on the earth.3.Para.3C.The formation of the earth.4.Para.4D.A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.5.Para.5E.The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.答案：1.D2.C3.A4.B5.EStep 2Choose the best answer according to the passage.1What does this passage mainly talk about?A

27、Why was the earth different from the other planets?BWhy did the plants grow before the animals came?CHow did life begin on earth?DThere used to be nine planets.答案：C2The disappearance of _made possible the rise of mammals on the earth.AhumansBbirdsCfish Ddinosaurs答案：D3What problem is caused by human

28、beings?AThey exist everywhere on the earth.BThey caused global warming.CThey find new methods of growing crops.DThey enjoy hunting and fishing.答案：B4Why did plants appear earlier than animals?ABecause plants could produce oxygen，which was important for animals.BBecause plants were more advanced than

29、animals.CBecause animals needed more water.DBecause plants needed more water.答案：A5According to the passage we can know_.Aonly the earth has life on it in spaceBoxygen in the atmosphere on the earth came from the Big BangChumans are the cleverest animals of the earthDplants played an important part i

30、n the appearance of animals答案：DStep 3Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the passage.How Life Began on the Earth基础知识自检.单词预习1system (n.)系统；体系；制度2theory (n.)学说；理论3globe (n.)球体；地球仪；地球4atmosphere (n.)大气层；气氛5fundamental (adj.)基本的；基础的6chain (n.)链子；连锁；锁链7multiply (vi.& vt.)增加；乘8thus (adv.)因此；

31、于是9religion(n.)宗教；宗教信仰religious (adj.)宗教上的10violent (adj.)猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence (n.)暴力violently (adv.)猛烈地；激烈地11unlike(prep.)与不同；不像like (prep.)像12harmful (adj.)有害的harm (n.)伤害；损害13exist (vi.)存在；生存existence (n.)存在14puzzle (v.& n)使迷惑；难题；谜puzzled (adj.)迷惑的puzzling (adj.)令人迷惑的.短语研习1solar system太阳系2a widely

32、accepted theory 一个广泛接受的学说3in time 及时；终于4cool down 冷却下来；变凉5be fundamental to 对(来说)是基本的6a chain reaction 连锁反应7lay eggs 下蛋8give birth to 产生；分娩9in ones turn 轮到某人10prevent .from 阻止；制止.句型博习1What_it_was_to_become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.它将成为什么不得而知，直到45亿38亿年前，这团尘埃才逐渐稳定下来变成了固态的球体。2The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or_not.地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。3This produced a chain reaction，which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.这产生了连锁反应，使生命的生长发育成为可能。