2019年英语新同步浙江专用选修八讲义：UNIT 1 SECTION Ⅱ WARMING UP .doc

1、Section_Warming_Up_&_Reading_Language_Points一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.means n手段；方法2.ministry n. (政府的)部；(全体)牧师；牧师的职责3.hardship n. 苦难；困苦4.federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的5.rail n. 铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条6.percentage n. 百分比；百分率7.boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期8.aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机.拓展词汇1.distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的distin

2、ction n差别；区分；卓著2.majority n大多数；大半major adj.主要的；重要的minority(反义词)n.少数3.elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举(某人)election n选举4.Italy n意大利Italian n. & adj.意大利人(的)；意大利语(的)5.racial adj.人种的；种族的race n人种；种族1.means n手段；方法同义way; manner; method; approach词块a means of communication一种通讯/交流工具2.hardship n苦难；困苦记法n/adj.shipn.hard adj.

3、困难的hardship n苦难；困苦联想member n成员membership n成员资格friend n朋友friendship n友谊owner n所有者ownership n所有权relation n关系；亲戚relationship n关系；关联scholar n学者；奖学金获得者scholarship n学问；奖学金3.percentage n百分比；百分率联想percent n. 百分之4.“多数与少数”面面观major adj.主要的 majority n. 大多数；大半in the majority of . 占多数minor adj. 少数的；次要的minority n.

4、少数；少数派/人in the minority of . 占少数二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.live_on继续存在；继续生存2by_means_of_. 用办法；借助3in_addition 而且；另外；除此之外4declare_war_on_. 向宣战5make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等6keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)7become_home_to 成为的家园8attract_._to_. 把吸引到1.the third largest state 第三大州2a land bridge 大陆桥3the native people 土著人4in

5、the early 16th century 16世纪初期5a strong Spanish influence 很强的西班牙文化的影响6a first or second language 第一或第二语言7in and around San Francisco 在旧金山及其周边地区8the dream of becoming rich 发财梦三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我

6、们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。what引导的名词性从句在句中作介词的宾语。The picture reminded me of what_I_had_experienced in the village.这幅画使我想起了我在那个村子里的经历。2.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能至少在15 000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。it is likely that .“有可能”。It_is_l

7、ikely_that a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience. 对我们学生而言参观长城有可能是一次难忘的经历。3.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。That is why .“那就是的原因”。That_is_why I am writing to invite you to ta

8、ke part in the Chinese papercutting art exhibition.(2017全国卷书面表达)那就是我写信邀请你参加这次中国剪纸艺术展的原因。4.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大

9、，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。It is believed that .“人们认为/相信”，其构成为：Itbe过去分词that从句。It_is_believed_that working hard can lead to success.人们相信努力工作就能成功。1(教材P1)The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.这些移民的风俗习惯及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。live on(1)继续生存；继续存在(on为副词)He died ten years

10、 ago, but his memory lives on.他十年前就去世了，但他仍然活在人们的记忆中。(2)靠生活；以为生；(人)以为食(on为介词)The whale does not live_on_small_fish.这种鲸鱼并不以小鱼为食。live up to符合；不辜负；履行live through 经历过live by doing 靠为生He hosted the Academy Awards again this year, and his talks always live_up_to the expectation of most audience.他今年又一次主持了奥斯

11、卡颁奖典礼，他的语言总能满足大部分观众的期望。The old man lives by selling newspapers every day.这位老人每天靠卖报纸谋生。2(教材P2)Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。means n手段；方法b

12、y means of通过；用；借助于by this means 用这种方法by no means 绝不；无论如何也不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)In addition, we have more choices by means of “wild release”此外，通过“自由分享”我们有更多的选择。Brown said he was by_no_means annoyed; on the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.布朗说他绝不生气；相反，他很高兴能使别人清楚地理解他自己。名师

13、点津(1)means是单复数同形的名词。常见的单复数同形的名词还有：species(种类), series(系列)，works(工厂)等。(2)means作主语且有every, each等表示单数意义的词对其进行修饰时，谓语动词用单数。(3)means作主语且有all, several, many, few等表示复数意义的词对其进行修饰时，谓语动词用复数。Every possible means has_been_tried (try), but none has worked.All possible means have_been_tried (try), but none has wor

14、ked.各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。3(教材P2)Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。majority n大多数；大半(1)a/the majority of .大多数be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数(2)minority n. 少数；少数派

15、/人in the minority 占少数When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority. 当我有不同的观点时，我会选择放弃，尊重大多数人的观点。Only a_minority_of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the majority.在那个城市只有少数人没有汽车，但是乘坐地铁上班的人却占了大多数。名师点

16、津“the/a majority of名词”表示“大多数”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。The majority of the damage is (be) easy to repair.大部分的破损很容易修复。4(教材P2)By the time California elected to become the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个联邦州

17、的时候，它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人elect to do .选择或决定做elect sb.(to be/as) . 选举某人为It is said that only two students will be elected to take part in the coming English Contest. 据说，只有两个学生将被选中参加即将到来的英语竞赛。In addition, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my Engl

18、ish teacher. 另外，我英语掌握得很好，被选为英语课代表。名师点津在“elect sb.职务”句式中，总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不用加任何冠词。We elected him monitor of our class.我们选他当我们班的班长。5(教材P2)In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.1911年，丹麦移民建立了自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。keep up 坚持；维持；持续；保持；沿袭(

19、风俗、传统等)写出下列句中keep up的含义I hope the fine weather will keep up so that we can go out for a picnic.保持The rain kept up for two days and the roads were flooded.维持；持续We should not keep up old customs.沿袭(风俗等)keep up with跟上，与保持同步keep on (doing sth.) 继续(做某事)keep away from 不靠近/远离keep off 不靠近；远离；勿踩；勿踏keep back

20、阻止；保留；隐瞒keep out of (使)不进入By studying hard she managed to keep_up_with her classmates.她靠努力学习而赶上了她的同学。Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. (2017全国卷)有些植物释放出有气味的化学物质来驱赶昆虫。1However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而

21、，可能至少在15 000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。(1)It is likely that .“是可能的”，此句型可转化为Sb./Sth.be likely to do .“某人/物可能做”。It is likely that she was watching TV at home last night.她有可能昨天晚上时在家里看电视。It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.You are_likely_to suffer from bad health if you keep smo

22、king.如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康有可能会受到损害。(2)其他表示“可能”的句型：It is possible for her to set a world record again.It is probable/possible that she will set a world record again.她有可能会再次创造世界纪录。2That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。(1)Th

23、is/That is why .为表语从句的常用句型结构，意为“这/那就是的原因”。That is why I recommend another category of books：literary books.那就是我推荐文学类图书的原因。I know you find the subject difficult, but that_is_why you should work harder at it.我知道你感到这门学科困难，但那就是你应该更加努力钻研它的理由。(2)This/That is because .“这/那是因为”。This_is_because each year mil

24、lions of smokers die from this habit.这是因为每年都有上百万的吸烟者死于这个习惯。(3)The reason why . is/was that .“的原因是”，表语从句常用that引导。The reason why the students favor the first one is that they can carry it with them wherever they go.学生们喜欢第一个的原因是他们无论去哪里都可以随身携带它。3It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities w

25、ill be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。(1)“Itbe过去分词that .”结构中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，that仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。It is believed that reading increases our kno

26、wledge and broadens our horizons.人们认为阅读增长知识、拓宽眼界。(2)该句型中常用的过去分词有：said, reported, believed, hoped, suggested等。It_is_said_that he has passed the driving test.据说他已经通过了驾驶考试。It_is_reported_that the way people spend their holidays has changed a great deal in the past ten years.据报道在过去10年里人们度假的方式已改变了许多。(3)该

27、句型可转换为“Sb./Sth.be过去分词不定式”和“People/Sb.say/think/report/ .that .”。It is believed that the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages.The Internet is_believed_to have both advantages and disadvantages. People_believe_that the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages.人们认为互联网既有优点又有缺点。.单句语法填空1Th

28、e government has taken measures to make this custom live on.2By this means he turned our attention to what was good in the life. 3Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of citizens are (be) black people.4Like men, women have the right to_elect and to_be_elected. (elect)5The c

29、limbers kept up in the hope of reaching the top with the last effort.6(2017浙江高考)While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings.7I wouldnt like to go out; this is because Ive got a cold.8It is_believed (believe) that education is the

30、most important issue facing the government.补全句子1Had she lived_up_to_her_promise,_she would have made it to Yale University. 如果她履行了自己的诺言的话，她就会进入耶鲁大学了。2By no means is_punishment_a_wise_choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.在精神和身体方面帮助孩子们成长时，惩罚绝不是一个明智的选择。3The_majority_of_people find it qui

31、te hard to live_on the money they earn because prices hike in basic goods.大多数人觉得靠他们赚的钱来维持生活相当困难，因为基本的日常生活用品价格飞涨。4She was_elected_as/to_be the new Prime Minister last year.去年她被选为新一届首相。5She felt that she could not keep_up the pretence any longer. 她觉得这种假象再也维持不下去了。6I read about your reform of the school

32、 English newspaper, and thats_why Im writing to voice my opinion.我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是我写信发表观点的原因。7More than 50% of students are_reported_to be shortsighted.据报道超过百分之五十的学生近视。8It_is_likely_that the sports meet will be put off till next week.The sports meet is_likely_to be put off till next week.运动会有可能推迟到

33、下周举行。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1The majority (大多数) of students are against the bicycle trip.2We elected (选举) James chairman, for he is hardworking and responsible.3We have only a small percentage (百分率) of foreign books.4The most popular means (方式) of transportation are bikes and buses.5(2017江苏高考)In the nor

34、th of India, the population is_booming (处于迅速发展时期) due to high birth rates.6The Ministry (政府的部) of Transport made a searching enquiry to discover the cause of the plane crash.7In the USA foreign policy is decided by the federal (联邦制的) government and its laws are made by Congress.8There is a distinct

35、(明显的) possibility that shell be your teacher next term.9This would cause great hardship (困苦) and suffering.10He has devoted himself to fighting for racial (种族的) equality.选词填空by means of， a large percentage of， live on， in the majority， keep up， make a life， be distinct from， a boom in1In this club,

36、young women members are in_the_majority,_so men have not much right to decide on things.2You cant live_on 200 calories a day, or you will be starved to death in a long time.3A_large_percentage_of school books now have pictures，so they look more attractive.4We are very anxious to keep_up the reputati

37、on of the firm.5Many young people are going to big cities to make_a_life for themselves.6More and more people tend to communicate with each other by_means_of the Internet.7There was a_boom_in population in the 1990s，so the generation had to face the pressure from all aspects of life.8They are_distin

38、ct_from each other in colour.课文语法填空California is the third 1.largest (large) state in the USA but has the largest population. It is the most multicultural state in the USA. This is not 2.surprising (surprise) when you know the history of California which has attracted people from 3.nearly (near) eve

39、ry country in the world. No one really knows what time the first 4.settlers (settle) arrived in 5.what we now know as California. Scientists believe that the Native Americans reached Alaska 6.by means of a land bridge.In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Of the first Spanish 7.to_go (g

40、o) to California, the majority were religious men. In 1848, gold 8.was_discovered (discover) in California and the dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. In fact，few achieved their dream, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves. In more recent

41、decades, California 9.has_become (become) home to people from Asia. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be 10.so great that there will be no major racial or cultural groups.串点成篇微表达大多数(majority)医生认为她没有活下去的可能。然而，她的妈妈绝不(by no means)放弃，因为她认为她女儿很可能(be likely to)会康复。为了保持(keep up)

42、她的勇气，妈妈做了所能够做的一切来安慰她。尽管(despite)有很多困难(hardship)，她们最终成功了。The_majority_of_doctors_agreed_that_she_had_no_possibility_to_survive._However,_by_no_means_did_her_mother_give_up_because_she_thought_that_her_daughter_was_likely_to_recover._To_keep_up_her_courage,_the_mother_did_all_she_could_to_comfort_her.

43、_Despite_much_hardship,_they_succeeded_at_last.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.完形填空Once a mango lover climbed up to the top of a tree and picked up some fruit. When he tried to climb down, he accidentally missed a step and started _1_ towards the ground. Fortunately, he _2_ a branch and remained helplessly hanging

44、on the tree. He started to call for help. Nearby villagers _3_ came with a ladder and sticks, but could do little. Then an old man arrived. People wanted to see what he would do, as he was famous for dealing with peoples _4_. He was silent for a minute and then picked up a _5_ and threw it at the ha

45、nging man.Everybody was _6_. The hanging mango lover started to shout, “What are you doing? Are you crazy？” The old man was silent and _7_ throwing stones at the man, even more _8_. The hanging man was very angry, screaming, “If I could just come down, I would show you! You will _9_ what youve done！

46、”Thats what everybody _10_ he came down. But _11_？ Now everybody became _12_， not only because of the hanging mans dangerous _13_， but also the old mans. Some people advised the old man to stop, but he was still silent _14_ he was deaf. Now the hanging man on the tree developed a great _15_ to come

47、down and take revenge (复仇). He used all his skill and _16_ and reached the branches which were safe to start going down. _17_， he made it! Everybody was amazed._18_， the mango lover found the old man had gone. He stood there, realizing that the old mans crazy action had _19_ him to try his best and

48、save himself. “I should be _20_ and not angry，” he said.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。一个爬到树顶摘芒果的人被困住了，无法下来。正当人们无计可施时，一位老人做出了惊人的举动，他捡起石头朝被困者砸去。让人意想不到的是，这种看似疯狂的举动却救了被困者。原因很简单，老人激怒被困者，让他自己想办法从树上下来了。1A.fallingBturningCrunning Dfloating解析：选A他一不小心踩空了，从树上往下掉。2A.met BbrokeCcaught Dtouched解析：选C幸运的是，他抓住了一根树枝，无助地挂在树上，下不来。3A.sud

49、denly BcarefullyCobviously Dimmediately解析：选D他开始呼救。周围的村民听到呼救声后，立即赶来施救。尽管村民们搬来了梯子，拿来了长棍子，但还是无能为力。4A.pains BproblemsCfailures Dtasks解析：选B这时，一位老人来了。他因帮人们解决难题而出名。人们都想知道他会用什么样的办法来解救困在树上的那个人。5A.mango BladderCstick Dstone解析：选D老人想了一会儿，然后做出了让人们都吃惊的举动：他捡起一块石头，朝被困者砸去。6A.surprised BfrightenedCpleased Dexcited解析：

50、选A参见上题解析。7A.forgot BstartedCkept Dstopped解析：选C被困者怒斥老人疯狂的举动，但是，老人还是一言不发，继续用石头砸被困者，甚至更加用力。8A.naturally BviolentlyCgently Dpatiently解析：选B参见上题解析。9A.hate BenjoyCget Dregret解析：选D被困者被激怒了，他吼道：“如果我能下去，有你好看的！你会为你所做的事情而后悔的！”10A.worried BdiscussedCwanted Ddoubted解析：选C这正是人们所希望的事情：被困者从树上下来。11A.how BwhyCwhere Dwhe

51、n解析：选A但是，被困者怎么才能下来呢？12A.serious BbusyCinterested Dnervous解析：选D被困者被激怒了，想着要下来报复老人。而老人还在不停地用石头砸着被困者。人们紧张起来了，不仅因为被困者危险的处境，也因为老人的危险处境，因为只要被困者从树上下来，老人将难逃一劫。13A.reaction BsituationCpresence Dpractice解析：选B参见上题解析。14A.as if Beven thoughCnow that Dso that解析：选A于是，有人就建议老人停下来，但老人就像聋了似的，对人们的建议置若罔闻。15A.choice Bopin

52、ionCexploration Ddetermination解析：选D而这时，树上的被困者是怒火中烧，下定决心要从树上下来好好教训那位老人。16A.weight BheightCstrength Dbenefit解析：选C他拼尽全力，抓住了安全的树枝，然后顺着树枝往下挪动。17A.As usual BAt lastCOn purpose DOn the contrary解析：选B最终，被困者下来了。18A.However BInsteadCBesides DSo解析：选A但是，这个时候那位老人已经离开了。19A.taught BforcedCallowed Dinvited解析：选B平静下来的

53、被困者终于意识到，正是那位老人看似疯狂的举动才迫使他自己想办法从树上下来。20A.relaxed BsatisfiedCgrateful Dpolite解析：选C他也明白了自己应该感激那位老人想办法救了他。.语法填空Shawns Saturday“Hey, Dad！” Shawn shouted, “Im going to play basketball with Peter！” Shawns dad came into the kitchen, “Have you finished_1_ (clean) the garage？”Shawn tried to decide whether to

54、 admit the _2_ (true). His dad would notice the garage hadnt been cleaned, _3_ Shawn wanted to play basketball.Shawns dad understood his silence. “You havent even started, have you? You promised youd take care of _4_ first thing this morning.”Shawn complained, “Why do I have to clean the garage, any

55、way？”“Because you said you would, and you need to follow through with _5_ you say.”“But Dad，”Shawn protested, “I promised Peter.”Soon, his dads face lit _6_.“Lets go out to the garage for a minute.”_7_ (puzzle), Shawn followed his father into the garage. His dad pointed to the dull, gray cement wall

56、s. “What if you ask Peter to come over here? If you and Peter clean up thoroughly, then you can paint _8_ (picture) on those two walls.”“What about playing basketball? Peter _9_ (wait) for me.”His dad said thoughtfully, “If Peter stays over tonight, then I will drive you two over to play basketball

57、after supper.”“Can we order pizza？”“_10_ (absolute)！” his dad grinned. Shawn raced back into the kitchen to call Peter.语篇解读：本文为Shawn为了能出去打篮球而没有打扫车库时和父亲的一段对话。1cleaning短语finish doing sth.意为“完成做某事”。2truth定冠词the后面要接名词。3but通过前后句意可知，这里表示转折关系，因此用but。4it短语take care of后面要接宾语，指代前面提到的事情，因此用代词it。5what介词with后面的宾语从句say缺少宾语，因此用what。6up动词短语light up意为“容光焕发”。7Puzzled表示Shawn的状态，因此用ed形容词，放在句首要大写。8pictures动词paint后面缺少宾语，而且picture为可数名词，因此要用复数形式。9is waiting分析句子成分可知，句子缺少谓语，表示说话时的动作，根据前后时态，因此用现在进行时态。10Absolutely在口语中，副词形式上独立成句，实质上是省略句。该句实际上为：You can absolutely order pizza!