高考英语写作专题经典讲座十三 并列句与复合句的法则.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家写作专题十三 并列句与复合句的法则并列句与复合句的法则一并列句与复合句的法则： M-1= 引导词数目具有两套或以上主谓系统，两套主谓系统用并列连词“and, or, but, so”中的任何一个连接叫做并列句。两套主谓系统用引导词例如“when, that, what, how, where”等等中的任何一个连接叫做复合句。并列句与复合句必须符合M-1= 引导词数目的标准。也就是说，主谓系统的数目减去一等于连接词的数目，连接词包括并列连词与引导词。下面的例句中，主谓系统划线,非谓语斜体。并列句1. Caught in rain yesterday, he is

2、ill toady, but he has gone to school. (两套主谓系统用but进行连接，符合“M-1= 连接词数目”的标准)2. He has no choice but to finish all his homework today, or it will be too late. (两套主谓系统用or进行连接，符合“M-1= 连接词数目”的标准)3. Walking alone along the river bank, I came into Peter, and he took me to his home. (两套主谓系统用and进行连接，符合“M-1= 连接词

3、数目”的标准)复合句1. Because he was caught in rain yesterday, he is ill toady, but he has gone to school. (三套主谓系统用Because与but进行连接，符合“M-1= 连接词数目”的标准)2. When I was walking alone along the river bank, I came into Peter, who took me to his home. (三套主谓系统用When与who进行连接，符合“M-1= 连接词数目”的标准)3. Helped by his teacher, h

4、e made great progress in English, which he had been very much afraid of. (两套主谓系统用which 进行连接，符合“M-1= 连接词数目”的标准)注意：非谓语形式不属于主谓系统，所以它的数目与连接词的数目没有函数关系。例句3具有的非谓语形式 Helped，不会使例句3增减任何连接词。二M-1= 引导词数目的检测作用符合“M-1= 引导词数目”规则的句子都是正确的句子，违反之的句子都是错误的句子。例如，1. Because no one can live in a city with only one pound a da

5、y, so he had to ask his friends for help.2. I did not want to go out on such a cold day, but he insisted, I had to.句子1含有两套主谓系统（划线部分），应该只有一个引导词，所以because与so只能保留一个。句子2含有3套主谓系统（划线部分），应该有2个引导词，所以but的后面应该加because才正确。句子可以表述为：I did not want to go out on such a cold day, but because he insisted, I had to.或者

6、，I did not want to go out on such a cold day, but I had to because he insisted. 只要掌握公式，无论从句怎样移动，我们都能够应付自如。三：配套练习：填上适当的引导词：1. It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. 2. Dont leave the sharp knife _ our little Jane can get it. 3. Several weeks had gone by _ I realized the painting was m

7、issing. 4. Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sun glasses _ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. 5. _ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. 6. I want to know _ the thief was caught on the spot. 7. Our club is open

8、 to adults only. It seems _ your children have entered without permission. 8. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. 9. The road is covered with snow. 1 cant understand _ they insist on going by motorbike. 10. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten ye

9、ars ago. 11. Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?12. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. 13. George Orwell，_ real name was Eric Arthur， wrote many political novels and essays.14. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two coun

10、tries are making progress. 15. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.配套练习答案：填上适当的引导词：1. 解释：这是时间状语从句的一个习惯的时态搭配，我们用since表示持续的时间，“自从上次以来，已经5年没见了”。2. 解释：这是地点状语从句，用where表示地点，意思是“别把锋利的刀放在Jane够得着的地方”。3. 解释：这是时间状语从句，用before 表示

11、“才”，意思是“过了几周我才意识到”。4. 解释：这是原因时间状语从句，用because表示，意思是“因为可以保护眼睛”。5. 解释：这是让步状语从句，用While或者Though表示“虽然”的意思。6. 解释：应该用whether，意思是, “贼是否被当场抓住了”7. 解释：从句内部的结构完整，应该用that,它不充当任何成分，只是起到连接作用。8. 解释：从句内部的结构不完整，应该用where 补充，意思是“这就是我们有分歧的地方”。9. 解释：从句内部的结构不完整，应该用why 补充，意思是“这就是为什么他们坚持骑摩托车去的原因”。10. 解释：从句内部的结构不完整，应该用what 补充

12、，充当从句主语，意思是“在10年前曾经是荒原的地方。”11. 解释：应该用that /which，在从句中充当宾语。12. 解释：应该用where，在从句中充当地点状语，可以还原为“she had wiped her hands on the trousers”,其中on the trousers就是地点状语“on which”,等于where。13. 解释：应该用whose，在从句中充当定语，代替所有格George Orwells,可以还原为“George Orwells real name was Eric Arthur”,其中所有格George Orwells 就是whose。14. 解释：应该用As，在从句中充当主语，修饰后面整个句子。定语从句前置只能够使用as来引导。15. 解释：应该用when，在从句中充当时间状语，修饰this year，可以还原为“in this year for the first time in years their team won the World Cup”, 其中in this year 就是时间in which,等于when。3 版权所有高考资源网