2019年高考英语一轮巩固达标练题Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars含解析新人教版必修3.doc

1、Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars李仕才*阅读理解。I told my friend Graham that I often cycle two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route. He replied, “You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provi

2、ded. My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to lose weight and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. Finally I comfort myself with the

3、thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationary exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free. I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill.Problems are there to be faced and overcome. We cannot achieve anything with an easy life. Hele

4、n Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree. Her activism and writing proved inspirational. She wrote, “The character cannot be developed with ease. Only through experiences of suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved

5、.”One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity. From time to time we all face hardships, problems, accidents and difficulties. Some are of our making but many are no fault of our own. While we cannot choose adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it.Douglas

6、 Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident. He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aviators in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans. He was an inspiration to others during the war. He said, “Dont

7、listen to anyone who tells you that you cant do this or that. Thats nonsense. Make up your mind, and youll never use crutches or a stick, and then have a go at everything. Go to school, and join in all the games you can. Go anywhere you want to. But never, never let them persuade you that things are

8、 too difficult or impossible.”The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced. The common thread(思路) is that they did not become depressed. They chose their attitude. They chose to be positive. They took on the challenge. They won.

9、Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”骑自行车去镇中心时要经过山地，“我”经历了从开始的抱怨到将山地当作锻炼契机的过程。人生之旅也是如此，我们要有战胜生活中的艰难的勇气。1Which of the following is true according to the author of the passage?AThose who want to achieve success cant expect to li

10、ve an easy life.BClimbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise.CGoing to a gym is greatly beneficial to peoples health.DPeoples attitude to hardships is the only factor of their success.A解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句可知，简单容易的生活不会使我们取得成功；据此可以推断，想要成功就不要期望过容易的生活，故A项正确。2By quoting what Douglas Bader s

11、aid, the author intends to tell us “ ”AFailure is the mother of successBA bad workman quarrels with his toolsCNothing is difficult to the man who will tryDIf you risk nothing, you will have nothingC解析：写作意图题。根据第五段Douglas Bader所讲的“Make up your mind，and youll never use crutches or a stick，and then have

12、 a go at everything.impossible”可知，Douglas Bader认为面对困难应当勇敢尝试，不要听信别人所言的太困难或不可能，没有什么克服不了的困难；据此可以判断，作者引用Douglas Bader的话旨在说明，对于勇于尝试的人来说，世界上没有克服不了的困难。故C项正确。3Following this passage, the author will further talk about Ahow his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the challenge he facedBwhy it is

13、 important to keep optimistic in the face of trouble Cwhat steps to take to change your attitude towards the difficulties you faceDwhat great people have in commonC解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，如何改变面对困难的态度仍然是一个问题；据此可以判断，下文将就此问题作进一步的阐述。故C项正确。4Which of the following can best function as the title of the passage

14、?ADifferent Attitudes Towards MisfortuneBFace Difficulties with a SmileCNothing is ImpossibleDLife is Full of AdversityB解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文作者通过叙述将骑自行车经过的山地视为锻炼的机会及Helen Keller和Douglas Bader的故事说明，成功的关键是面对困难的积极态度。故B项最能概括主题。*语法填空。Last December my mother and I _1_(fly) to London. The first thing we did w

15、as to go on a bus sightseeing tour.This is the best way to see all the sights and learn all about the history of the city. By the time the tour was over it was dark. The Christmas lights were very colorful. And _2_really impressed me was so many people made _3_(they) way home through the heavy traff

16、ic on bicycles. I was looking forward to spending the next day in Oxford Street with all its _4_(amaze) shops.And what _5_wonderful experience that was! We bought a ticket for the underground and could go everywhere very quickly.Wespentallmorningshoppingandadmiringthe Christmas displays inside the s

17、hops and out in the streets. Then we went to a wax museum _6_(call) Madame Tussauds (杜莎夫人蜡像馆), which had a lot of wax _7_(figure) of famous people.My mother took a picture of me standing _8_Prince Charles and Prince Harry. From there we took the tube to Buckingham Palace, the home of the two princes

18、, to watch the Changing of the Guard but _9_(fortunate) we couldnt really see well as there were thousands of tourists waiting _10_(take)photos of the ceremony.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和妈妈去年12月坐飞机前往英国伦敦旅游的经历。1flew考查动词的时态。由时间状语“Last December”可知，应用一般过去时，故填flew。2what考查

19、主语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，所填词意为“的事物”，故填what。3their考查代词。make ones way意思是“前往”，且主语为people，故填their。4amazing考查词性转换。amaze意思是“使惊奇”，它的形容词amazing意思是“令人惊奇的”，常用来修饰物。由shops可知应填amazing。5a考查冠词。此处是what引导的感叹句，句中experience作名词，意为“经历”，是可数名词，所以要用不定冠词修饰，故填a。6called考查非谓语动词。call与wax museum为动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词作后置定语，故填c

20、alled。7figures考查名词的数。此处表示“那里有许多名人的蜡像”。由“a lot of”可知，此处要用可数名词的复数形式，故填figures。8between考查介词。between . and表示“在之间”。9unfortunately考查副词。根据空后的“we couldnt really see well”可知，应用提示词的否定形式，且要用副词来修饰整个句子。故填unfortunately。10to take考查非谓语动词。wait to do sth. “等待做某事”，为固定用法。*完形填空。When you give thanks for help，everyone ben

21、efits.And the _1_ will last longer than youd expect：researchers have found that writing thankyou notes raises peoples _2_ levels for up to six months.“If you express gratitude in a diary，it makes you happier，but if you _3_ it with the person who helped you，it has the _4_ to bring you two closer toge

22、ther，”says researcher Jeff Tsang.Lawyer John Kralik experienced this personally.Hed been feeling depressed and _5_ about his life：Hed been divorced and wasnt _6_ with his children.He felt tired from the _7_ hours he devoted to work.At a/an _8_ low point，he remembered his grandfather telling him abou

23、t the importance of _9_.He decided to write 365 thankyou notes over 365 days，hoping for a/an _10_ change.Immediately，he noticed his _11_ begin to improve.“The first effects are that you realise that your life is much better than you thought and you become more positive，”Kralik says of his _12_ acts

24、of expressing thanks._13_ by Kraliks experience，I decided to try the _14_ myself.I chose someone from my past whom Id _15_ thanked before：my wonderful highschool English teacher.I wasnt sure if Id be able to _16_ him，but eventually I found where he lived.In my letter，I thanked him for the _17_ and s

25、upport that hed given me years earlier.I may never hear from him _18_，but that isnt the _19_.The letter helped me _20_ my life，and Ive been happy now for months.1A.timeBthoughtsCeffects Drelationship2A.education BhappinessCincome Dhealth3A.share BcompleteCcompare Dleave4A.method BdesireCenergy Dpote

26、ntial5A.discouraged BdishonestCimpatient Dsurprised6A.bored BstrictCclose Dhonest7A.limited BvaluableCdelightful Dlong8A.importantly BparticularlyCphysically Dexactly9A.forgiveness BachievementCgratefulness Dpatience10A.positive BunexpectedCpossible Dinstant11A.wealth BattitudeCposition Dcompetence1

27、2A.generous BstrangeCbrave Dsimple13A.Struck BInspiredCShocked DInvited14A.idea BbeliefCletter Dtest15A.nearly BfrequentlyCalready Dnever16A.remember BrecogniseClocate Dreward17A.degree BmoneyCgift Dguidance18A.in advance Bin publicCin return Din person19A.case BpointCfact Dsolution20A.appreciate Bu

28、nderstandCface Dreview【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过亲身经历告诉我们这样一个道理：当你对别人表达出感谢之情时，你会变得更快乐。1C考查名词辨折。根据“benefits”并结合第一段可知，此处指感谢别人对自己的影响要比你预想的长久。C项意为“效果，影响”，符合语境。A项意为“时间”；B项意为“想法”；D项意为“关系”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。2B考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指写感谢信可以提高人们的幸福水平。B项意为“幸福”，符合语境。A项意为“教育”；C项意为“收入”；D项意为“健康”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。3A考查动词辨析。根据此句中的“bring

29、you two closer together”可知，此处指与帮助你的人分享这件事。share sth.with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”，符合语境。B项意为“完成，实现”；C项意为“比较”；D项意为“离开”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。4D考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指如果你与帮助你的人一起分享感激之情，这就有可能将你们两人之间的距离拉近。D项意为“可能性，潜能”，符合语境。A项意为“方法”；B项意为“欲望”；C项意为“精力”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。5A考查形容词辨折。根据该句中的“feeling depressed”可知，此处应用“discouraged”与“depressed”

30、并列，指他对生活感到沮丧。 A项意为“泄气的”，符合语境。B项意为“不诚实的”；C项意为“没有耐心的”；D项意为“感到惊讶的”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。6C考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“Hed been divorced”可知，他已经离婚了，并且与孩子也不亲近。C项意为“亲近的，亲密的”，符合语境。A项意为“无聊的”；B项意为“严格的”；D项意为“诚实的”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。7D考查形容词辨析。根据“felt tired from”可推知，此处指因为长时间的工作，所以他感到疲劳。D项意为“长的”，符合语境。A项意为“有限的”；B项意为“有价值的”；C项意为“高兴的”，均与语境不符。故

31、答案选D。8B考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，他离婚了，和孩子也不亲近，而且工作辛苦，所以这是他人生的低谷。B项意为“尤其，特别”，符合语境。A项意为“重要地”；C项意为“身体上”；D项意为“恰恰，正好”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。9C考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“He decided to write 365 thankyou notes”可知，此处指他记起祖父告诉过他感激的重要性。C项意为“感激”，符合语境。A项意为“原谅”；B项意为“成就”；D项意为“耐心”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。10A考查形容词辨析。根据下一段第二句中的“you become more positive”可知，此处指他希

32、望通过这种方式获得一个积极的改变。A项意为“积极的”，符合语境。B项意为“出人意料的”；C项意为“可能的”；D项意为“立即的”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。11B考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，这位律师正处于人生的低谷时期，然后通过写感谢信使得他的态度开始改善。B项意为“态度”，符合语境。A项意为“财富”；C项意为“位置”；D项意为“能力”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。12D考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“expressing thanks”可知，写感谢信只是表达感谢的一个简单的行为。D项意为“简单的”，符合语境。A项意为“慷慨的”；B项意为“奇怪的”；C项意为“勇敢的”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。13

33、B考查动词辨析。根据下文可知，“我”也决定写感谢信了。由此推断出，“我”是受了Kralik的经历的鼓舞。B项意为“鼓舞，激励”，符合语境。故答案选B。14A考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，“我”决定亲自试试这个想法。A项意为“想法，主意”，符合语境。B项意为“信念”；C项意为“信”；D项意为“测试”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。15D考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，“我”不知道这位高中英语老师的地址，所以他是“我”以前从未感谢过的人。D项意为“从未”，符合语境。A项意为“几乎”；B项意为“经常”；C项意为“已经”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。16C考查动词辨析。根据“but eventually I fo

34、und where he lived”可知，此处指“我”不知道是否能够找到他。C项意为“找出的准确位置”，符合语境。A项意为“记得”；B项意为“认出”；D项意为“奖励，奖赏”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。17D考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，“我”感谢的对象是“我”的一位高中英语老师，所以“我”应是感谢他给予“我”的指导和帮助。D项意为“指导”，符合语境。A项意为“程度，等级”；B项意为“金钱”；C项意为“礼物”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。18C考查介词短语辨析。根据常识可知，“我”写感谢信给多年前的老师，而老师不一定会回信给“我”。C项意为“作出回应”，符合语境。A项意为“提前”；B项意为“公开地

35、”；D项意为“亲自”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。19B考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“Ive been happy now for months”可知，“我”快乐了几个月，所以此处指老师是否回信不是重点。B项意为“重点，要点”，符合语境。A项意为“事例”；C项意为“事实”；D项意为“解决方法”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。20A考查动词辨析。联系全文的内容可知，文章主要是关于表达出感谢可以给自己带来快乐，所以此处指这封感谢信帮助“我”感激“我”的生活，“我”为此快乐了几个月。A项意为“感激”，符合语境。B项意为“理解”；C项意为“面对”；D项意为“回顾”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。*短文改错It i

36、s five years now since I graduate from high school. Last Saturday, our class held a gettogether, which took us a long time prepare. It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a properly time for all of us. We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, talk about the people and thi

37、ngs they were familiar with. It was a pity which some of us were not present as they had gone abroad with further study. Besides, they called back or sent greeting card from different places.答案：It is five years now since I from high school. Last Saturday, our class held a gettogether, which took us

38、a long time prepare. It was indeed not easy to get in touch with everybody and set a time for all of us. We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, about the people and things were familiar with. It was a pity some of us were not present as they had gone abroad further study. ， they called back or sent greeting from different places.难项分析：第一处：graduategraduated考查动词时态。在“It is时间段since引导的时间状语从句”中，从句要使用一般过去时，故graduate应使用过去式。第五处：talktalking考查非谓语动词。主语We与talk之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动，故应使用现在分词作伴随状语。第九处：BesidesHowever考查副词。根据前后句句意可知，前后为转折关系，且此处用逗号隔开，故应用副词However。*