2019-2020学年同步人教版（新课改适用）高中英语必修五培优练习：UNIT 1 GREAT SCIENTISTS 课时跟踪检测（一） WORD版含解析.doc

1、Unit 1 课时跟踪检测(一)Warming Up & Reading Pre-reading阅读理解AAlbert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with w

2、onder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction to the north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move.Albert did not like school. The German schools of that time were not pleasant. Students could not ask questions. Albert said he felt as

3、 if he were in prison.In 1905, Albert Einstein published some important papers in a German scientific magazine. They included one of the most important scientific documents in history. It explained what came to be called his “Special Theory of Relativity (相对论)”. Ten years later he expanded it to a “

4、General Theory of Relativity”In 1921, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. It was given to him not for his theories of relativity, but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect (光电效应)Albert Einstein left Germany in 1933. He moved to the United States to continue his research. Einstein b

5、ecame a citizen of the United States in 1940.Einstein was a famous man, but you would not have known that by looking at him. His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes. He showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking about his work. Students and friends said he had a way

6、of explaining difficult ideas using images that were easy to understand.Einstein spent the last twentyfive years of his life working on what he called a “unified field theory”. He hoped to find a common mathematical statement that could tie together all the different parts of physics. He did not suc

7、ceed.Albert Einstein died in 1955 at the age of seventysix.语篇解读：爱因斯坦是一位伟大的物理学家，他创立了“相对论”，为现代物理学作出了突出贡献。本文简要介绍了他传奇的一生。1.What do we know about Albert Einstein in his childhood?AHe was very clever.BHe liked talking with people.CHe was curious about new things.DHe was good at inventing new things.解析：选C推

8、理判断题。根据第一段关于爱因斯坦对罗盘产生好奇的故事可以推断出，他对新事物充满好奇心，因此C项正确。2Whats the right order of the following events about Albert Einstein?aHe became a citizen of the United States.bHe won the Nobel Prize in Physics.cHe put forward his “General Theory of Relativity”dHe left Germany for the United States.Ad，b，c，aBd，a，c，

9、bCb，c，d，a Dc，b，d，a解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章第三、四、五段可以得知，a、b、c、d四项发生的时间分别为1940年、1921年、1915年及1933年，因此D项正确。3Whats the passage mainly about?AThe life story of Albert Einstein.BThe scientific discoveries of Albert Einstein.CAlbert Einstein and his theories of relativity.DHow Albert Einstein won great success in his

10、 life.解析：选A主旨大意题。本文简要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平，因此A项最为恰当。BBertha von Suttner received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905 she was the first woman to receive it, and also the inspiration for the creation of the Nobel Prize.She met Alfred Nobel, a rich millionaire, by answering his newspaper ad for a secretary. Although sh

11、e only worked for him for a few weeks, she remained good friends with Alfred Nobel for the next 20 years. When she became involved in the peace movement in Europe, she promised to keep Nobel informed of its progress. When Alfred Nobel died in 1896, his will included the establishment of a peace priz

12、e, thanks to Bertha von Suttners influence.Bertha von Suttner was born in an aristocratic (贵族的) military family, but she spent the second half of her life working for peace. She wrote books, attended peace conferences, gave lectures and helped organize peace societies in Austria, Germany and Hungary

13、, as well as the International Peace Bureau in Switzerland. Her novel, Lay Down Your Arms, was one of the most influential antiwar books of all time, and helped to make her a leader of the peace movement in Europe. Its end to war theme was both the ambition (抱负) and the most important goal in the li

14、fe of this great woman.Bertha von Suttner worked so hard for peace because she believed that a terrible war would break out in Europe if nations didnt work hard to establish lasting peace institutions. She made many major achievements for a more peaceful world, but two months after she died, World W

15、ar broke out. A hundred years after she won the Nobel Peace Prize, nations still seem to view war as a choice to work out their problems. But like Bertha von Suttner did, many today are working hard around the world to help strengthen peace institutions and spread the idea that its time to put an en

16、d to war.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章介绍了第一位女性诺贝尔和平奖获得者Bertha von Suttner。4Bertha von Suttner _.Aworked for Alfred Nobel for 20 yearsBhelped Alfred Nobel draw up his willCpersuaded Alfred Nobel to join the peace movementDinspired Alfred Nobel to establish the Nobel Peace Prize解析：选D细节理解题。由第一段中的“also the inspiration

17、 for the creation of the Nobel Prize”和第二段中的“his will included the establishment of a peace prize, thanks to Bertha von Suttners influence”可知，诺贝尔在他的遗嘱中指明设立诺贝尔和平奖主要是受到Bertha von Suttner的影响。5Paragraph 3 is mainly about Bertha von Suttners _.Aefforts and contributions to the peace movementBfamily backgr

18、ound and work experiencesCwriting career and life experiencesDambition and goals in life解析：选A段落大意题。由第三段中的“wrote books, attended peace conferences, gave lectures and helped organize peace societies ”和“the most influential antiwar books”以及“a leader of the peace movement in Europe”可知，本段主要讲述了Bertha von

19、Suttner为和平运动所做出的努力和贡献。6What can we infer from the last paragraph?ABertha von Suttners fight for peace is still shared by many.BBertha von Suttner failed to found peace institutions.CBertha von Suttner successfully predicted a war.DBertha von Suttner lost her life in World War .解析：选A推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句可

20、知，今天很多人依然在努力帮助实现世界和平、传播结束战争的思想。CIkea is known for designing furniture that people can put together themselves.Recently, a team from Ikea spent time inside a Mars research center to get new design ideas.For three days, five Ikea designers lived inside the Mars Desert Research Station in Utah.It simul

21、ates (模仿) the Mars environment for humans taking part in experiments and training.“Its a crazy, fun experience，” said Ikea Creative Leader Michael Nikolic, who took part in the project.“Were completely isolated (隔离的) for three days to get a taste of what astronauts go through for three years.”The te

22、am spent most of its time inside the Mars habitat a round, twostory building just eight meters in diameter (直径)The habitat contains a laboratory for doing experiments, as well as separate areas for eating, sleeping and other activities.The Ikea designers received NASA training before heading to the

23、research center.Their guide during the habitat visit was space architect Constance Adams.She said the experience was meant to show the team how conditions in space affect the whole design process.For example, air is very limited in space and must be reused for many months, even years.This means all

24、materials have to be designed with this in mind.Another consideration is the huge cost of space transportation.Adams said it would cost about $2 million to transport just one kilo of things to the surface of Mars.This makes it unfeasible for Ikea to send materials to Mars, unless the cost can greatl

25、y be reduced.Marcus Engman is Ikeas Head of Design.He said, “My dream outcome would be to solve the biggest problem on earth.I guess its the same problem in space and that is the thing about storage.How could you make storage in a completely new way？” He said that putting the designers in such a dif

26、ferent and demanding environment forces them to think much more creatively.语篇解读：本文是记叙性说明文。知名家居品牌宜家为了寻找灵感把设计师送到了位于美国犹他州的火星研究中心，体验了三天的火星生活。7Whats the aim of the designers living in the research center?ATo experience the life of astronauts.BTo carry out scientific experiments.CTo receive training for r

27、eal space flights.DTo get new ideas for furniture designing.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段的“.a team from Ikea spent time inside a Mars research center to get new design ideas”可知，这些家具设计师去火星研究中心体验是为获得新的设计灵感。8Whats the meaning of the underlined word “unfeasible” in Para.5?AEasy. BImpractical.CEfficient. DPossible.解析

28、：选B词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的上下文可推断出，unfeasible的意思是“难以实施的”，和impractical意思接近，故选B。9What is the biggest problem that Marcus Engman wants to solve?AThe way of transporting furniture.BThe method of making good use of air.CHow furniture can contain more items.DHow to design modern furniture used on Mars.解析：选C推理判断题。根据

29、最后一段的“I guess its the same problem in space and that is the thing about storage”可知，宜家的设计总监Marcus Engman想要通过这次体验解决家具设计上最大的问题家具的存储功能。10What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo introduce a new project of Ikea designers.BTo show the development in researches on Mars.CTo encourage people to know more about outer space.DTo list things furniture designers should pay attention to.解析：选A写作意图题。综合分析全文可知，本文介绍宜家公司的一个新项目：派设计师住在火星研究中心从而获取设计家具的灵感。