2019-2020学年同步译林版英语必修一新教材讲义：UNIT 4 SECTION Ⅲ　GRAMMAR AND USAGE WORD版含答案.doc

1、Section Grammar and usage.单词拼写 根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1He was asked to finish the work on schedule(时间表)2Hes been rather negative(否定) about the idea.3His shortterm memory(记忆) was damaged in the accident.4His research has contributed greatly to our understanding of this disease.5As we all know，some students

2、 are under great pressure nowadays.6Once more the soldiers attacked and once more they were defeated.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1press v压；按；压迫pressure n心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促2contribute vi. & vt.是的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加contribution n贡献3attack n发作；攻击；抨击 vt.& vi.攻击；侵袭；抨击attacker n攻击者.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1in the short term从短期看

3、2contribute to 促成，造成；捐献，捐助3stop sb.from doing. 阻止某人做某事4suffer from 患(某种病)；受(某种病痛)折磨5wake up 醒来； 唤醒，弄醒6have trouble (in) doing. 做某事有困难或麻烦.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?2Sometimes I still suffer from these weaknesses.3I was suddenly woken up by the alarm clock at 3 am.4In th

4、e short term，it may earn you less，in the long term it will pay off.5You could ask the teacher for help when you have trouble (in) learning English.v. ion n.v. . from 动词短语liberation n解放operation n操作；手术pollution n污染make. from. 由制造borrow. from.从借learn. from 向学习 contribute to促成，造成；捐献，捐助(教材P48)Whats more

5、，noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.更重要的是，大城市的噪音污染和光污染也可能导致睡眠问题。contribute.to.把贡献给have little/a lot/much to contribute (to sth.) (对)几乎没有贡献/贡献很大He had very little to contribute to the conversation. 他在这次谈话中几乎什么也没说。His research has contributed enormo

6、usly to our understanding of this disease. 他的研究对我们认识这一疾病贡献很大。The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions to world civilization. 宋朝为世界文明贡献出三大发明。 in the short term从短期看(教材P48)In the short term，people with sleep problems often feel tired，have trouble concentrating and get a poor memory.从短期看，有睡眠问

7、题的人经常感到疲倦，难以集中注意力，且记忆力差。in the long term就长期而言in terms of. 就来说；从角度be on good/bad terms with.和关系好/不好come to terms with (sb.)与(某人)达成协议/妥协/和解Learning is not always easy，but it is always beneficial in the long term.学习并不总是那么简单，但从长远看它总是有益的。Its hard to come to terms(term) with being unemployed.很难接受失业这个现实。We

8、re on good terms with all our neighbours.我们与所有的邻居关系都好。Correct all these sentences in terms of grammar，spelling，etc，so that she can use them properly.从语法、拼写等方面改正这些句子，好让她使用恰当。 attack n发作；攻击；抨击 vt.& vi.攻击；侵袭；抨击(教材P48)If this happens for a long time，the risks of being overweight and having a heart attac

9、k may increase.如果这种情况持续很长时间，超重和心脏病发作的风险可能会增加。(1)attack sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而责难某人be attacked with患/得(病)(2)make an attack on/against攻击；袭击；抨击under attack遭到攻击；遭到抨击a heart attack一次心脏病发作(2019全国卷)When a student attacks a professor on the social media，the language used actually says more about the stud

10、ent.当一名学生在社交媒体上抨击一位教授时，所使用的语言确实是更多地说这位学生。The newspapers made an attack on/upon the Prime Minister because of the new law.由于这项新法令的颁布，各报纸纷纷对首相进行抨击。The city came under attack during the night.城市在夜间遭到袭击。He was attacked(attack) with disease; this was why he was absent.他患病了，这就是他没来的原因。 amount n数量 vi.合计；共计；

11、接近(教材P49) Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep that we get is important to us.每个人都知道高质量的睡眠对我们很重要。(1)the amount of不可数名词的数量a large/great amount of不可数名词 大量的(作主语时谓语动词用单数形式)large amounts of不可数名词 大量的(作主语时谓语动词用复数形式)in large/small amounts 大/少量地(2)amount to 总计为The materials can be produced in larg

12、e amounts.这种材料可以大量地生产。A large amount of money is spent on the construction of school. Large amounts of money are spent on the construction of school.大量的钱被花在学校建设上。The cost amounts to 10，000 dollars.成本总计为1万美元。名师点津表示“大量的”的短语还有a large number of，a great deal of，plenty of，a large quantity of 等。其中a great d

13、eal of 只能修饰不可数名词； a large number of修饰可数名词复数；a lot of，plenty of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。关系副词引导的限制性定语从句语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Thats the cinema where we often go and see films.2.He enjoyed the four years when he studied in Suzhou.3.Do you know the reason why(for which) the sky is blue？4.The study is the pl

14、ace at which (where) I often have talks with my father.5.He will always remember the day on which (when) he left his hometown.1.例句1中where引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the cinema，在从句中作地点状语。2.例句2中when引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the four years，在从句中作时间状语。3.例句3中why引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the reason，在从句中作原因状语。4.例句4中at which引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the pla

15、ce，在从句中作地点状语。5.例句5中on which引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the day，在从句中作时间状语。 一、关系副词的用法关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。when，where，why在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。1when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。The day when we get together will come soon.我们重聚的日子很快就会来的。名师点津若时

16、间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。Do you remember the days(which/that)we spent together?你还记得我们一起度过的那些日子吗？(关系词在从句中作spent的宾语)2where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。He is now working in the factory where his father worked.现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家

17、工厂工作。名师点津若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。The school(which/that)we visited yesterday is newly built.我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)3why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。The reason why he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard.他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。名师点津reason后的定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。Th

18、is is the reason(which/that)our teacher gave us for doing it.这就是我们老师给我们的做此事的理由。(关系代词在从句中作宾语)He gave me a reason that/which was reasonable.他给了我一个合情合理的理由。(关系代词在从句中作主语)即时训练1单句语法填空He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.This is the reaso

19、n which/that he offered at the meeting.二、关系代词作介词的宾语关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whom或whose。1介词的选用“介词关系代词”结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)This is the pilot with whom m

20、y father has worked for ten years.这就是和我爸爸一起工作了10年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配确定)名师点津(1)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词关系代词”可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。I still remember the time when(in which)I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。This is the hotel where(in which)they stayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。This is the reason why(for which)he left in a hu

21、rry.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。(2)有些“动词介词”短语，如look for，look after，send for，call on，come across，long for等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。The doctor that you sent for has not come.你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。2关系代词的选择“介词关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。This is the student for whom I boug

22、ht a book.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。3“名词/数词/代词等介词of关系代词”结构。有时“介词关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。The river，the banks of which are covered with trees，flows to the sea.这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。He has three sons，two of whom are teachers.他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。Maria has wri

23、tten two novels，both of which have been made into television series.玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，这两部都被拍成了电视剧。即时训练2单句语法填空Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.Many young people，most of whom were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dream

24、s.Is this the car for which you paid a high price?.单句语法填空1The valley where the town lies is very beautiful.2I will never forget the days when we stayed together in the countryside.3He is a teacher of rich experience，from whom much can be learned.4Andrew lives alone and enjoys the company of a pet ca

25、t，of which hes grown so fond.5The reason why he was late was that something was wrong with his bike on the way.6The film in which he played the leading role was a great success.7The house for which he paid 200，000 yuan is now worth 350，000 yuan.8The man from whom I got a letter was my brother.9In ou

26、r city there are several big public parks to which many people can go to enjoy the beautiful scenery.10This is the factory that/which I visited last year.完成句子1April Fools Day is a day on which/when people play jokes on friends愚人节是人们可以和朋友开玩笑的日子。2He was educated at a local grammar school，after which h

27、e went to Cambridge.他在当地的一所语法学校接受教育，之后他去了剑桥大学。3Is there a shop near here at which/where I can buy some flowers?这附近有没有可以买到花的商店？4What surprised me most was not what he said but the way (that/in which) he said it让我最吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。5The reason for which/why I didnt write to you was that I didnt know your address.我不给你写信的原因是我不知道你的地址。