2022届新高考英语北师大版一轮学案：UNIT 22 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WORD版含答案.doc

1、选修Unit 22 Environmental Protection一、背单词与词块 (一)背阅读单词会认就行 (背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)1ecology n生态2consultant n. 顾问3corrupt adj. 贪污受贿的；腐败的4conservation n. 保护5consensus n. 一致的意见6drought n. 旱灾7hurricane n. 飓风8species n. (动植物的)物种9habitat n. 栖息地10enforce vt. 实施，执行11irrigation n. 灌溉12offshore adj. 在近海岸的13catast

2、rophe n. 巨大的灾难14negative adj. 消极的，负面的15fragile adj. 易毁的；脆弱的16evolution n. (生物)进化17carve vt.& vi. 雕刻 (二)背重点单词写对才行 1.endanger vt. 危害2trap vt. 使困住3principle n. 原则，道德准则4beyond prep. 超出5claim vt. 声称6relevant adj. 有关的7coincidence n. 巧合8condemn vt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地9sacrifice vt.& vi. 牺牲；献出10advocate vt. 主张，提倡

3、11recycle vt. 回收利用12substitute n. 代替品，代用品13seize vt. 依法没收；(用武力)夺取14behalf n. 代表15arm vt. 武装16means n. 方法17flee vt.& vi. 逃走18potential n. 潜在性，可能性19finance n. 资金 (三)背拓展单词用准才行 1.reserve n保护区 vt.保留；预订reservation n预订；保留；保护；疑惑reserved adj.预订的，保留的2agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的3threat n威胁，恐吓threaten v

4、t.威胁，恐吓4extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的extinction n灭绝，绝种5fashion n流行，时尚fashionable adj.流行的，时髦的6change n& v变化changeable adj.多变的7separate adj.分开的v.分离，分开separation n分离，分开8construct vt.建造construction n建造9adopt vt.采用；收养adoption n收养；采用adopted adj.收养的10consider vt.考虑considerate adj.想得周到的，体贴的consideration n考虑considerin

5、g prep.考虑到；鉴于considerable adj.相当多的11allocate vt.分配，配给allocation n分配，配给12sharp adj.锋利的sharpen vt.削尖sharpener n卷笔刀13calculate vt.计算，算出calculation n计算calculator n计算器 语境活用1The old man considers his daughterinlaw considerate because she always takes everything into consideration when she deals with famil

6、y affairs.(consider)2A new bridge is being constructed over the river and its construction will be finished next year.(construct)3It is not safe to let the child sharpen his pencil using the sharp sharpener.(sharp)4Mr White is the adopted son of Mrs Green, who adopted him when his parents died 20 ye

7、ars ago. Thanks to her adoption,_Mr White could receive a good education and became an engineer.(adopt)5The world is changeable,_ and everything is changing.(change)6If necessary, students are allowed to calculate the volume (容积) of the container using a calculator,_ which will make the calculation

8、simpler.(calculate) (四)背高频单词先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行1trap vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境 n陷阱；圈套背词条用法(1)trap sb.into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；诱骗某人(做)某事be/get trapped in 被困在中(2)fall into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套fall into the trap of doing sth. 落入的圈套；做某事不明智set/lay a trap for 为设圈套背写作佳句(2015江苏高考)Whats worse, some drivers, cyclists

9、 and pedestrians are trapped in the traffic jams because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. 更糟糕的是，由于近年来汽车数量的不断增加，一些司机、骑自行车的人和行人被困在交通堵塞中。It is his horse, according to the old man, which saved him from the trap. 按照老人所说，是他的马把他从陷阱里救出来的。Once you fall into a trap, it will not be easy to ge

10、t out of it. 一旦落入圈套，想出来就没那么容易了。2reserve vt.储备；保存；保留；预订，预约 n保护区；储备背词条用法(1)reserve sth.for sb./sth. 为某人/某物保留、预订某物be reserved for 留作，(专)供之用(2)in reserve 贮存；备用(3)make a reservation (of) 预订(座位、房间等) without reserve/reservation 毫无保留地背写作佳句Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientif

11、ic way for future use. 首先，我认为，一个有效的方法是以科学的方式储备水源以供将来使用。It is advisable to keep some food in reserve in case of emergency. 储备一些食物以应急需是明智的。If you want to fly to somewhere, you can ask the airline to make a reservation online. 如果你想飞往某个地方，你可以在网上向航空公司预订座位。3.coincidence n巧合；同时发生；一致，相符背词条用法by coincidence碰巧

12、，巧合的是It is/was a coincidence that . 是巧合的What a coincidence! 真巧！背写作佳句(2016全国卷)By coincidence, you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. 恰好你拍照好而且一直想为环保做些事情(2017全国卷)It is really a coincidence that you asked me about the Tang poems, and I just have lear

13、nt something about them.。你问我关于唐诗的事，而碰巧我刚刚了解到唐诗的一些情况。What a coincidence! I never dreamed of meeting you here. 真巧！我从没想到会在这里遇见你。4sacrifice v& n牺牲；献出背词条用法(1)sacrifice .for . 为而牺牲；牺牲而换得sacrifice .to do sth. 为做某事而牺牲(2)make sacrifices/a sacrifice for 为做出牺牲at the sacrifice of 以牺牲为代价背写作佳句(2015浙江高考)The main r

14、eason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism, I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit. 我之所以这样选择，主要是因为我在一个强调集体主义的文化环境中长大，我更倾向于为了群体利益而牺牲自己的利益。Parents often make many sacrifices in order to make their children receive a good education. 父母为了让儿女接受好的

15、教育经常会做出很多牺牲In our country, a campaign is being launched to encourage children to sacrifice 30 minutes of online time a day to head for the great outdoors. 我们国家正在发起一个活动，鼓励孩子们每天从上网的时间里抽出30分钟亲近大自然。5advocate vt.主张，提倡 n提倡者，拥护者背词条用法(1)advocate (doing) sth. 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocate that . 主张从句谓语动词用(should)动词原

16、形 (2)be an advocate of/for 的提倡者/拥护者背写作佳句(2017北京高考)Graduation ceremony finally came.My classmates and I advocated doing something meaningful. 毕业典礼终于到了。我和同学们都主张做一些有意义的事情(来纪念这一时刻)。He advocated that the children (should) take part in sports games. 他主张孩子应该参加体育活动。6threaten vt.威胁，恐吓背词条用法(1)threaten sb.with

17、 .用威胁某人threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事(2)a threat to sb./sth. 是某人或某事的威胁背写作佳句As is known to us all, the environmental pollution and illegal hunting threaten animals and plants.As a result, many of them have died out. 众所周知，环境污染和非法狩猎威胁着动植物的生存。结果，它们中的许多已经灭绝。30 percent of reptiles, birds, and fish are current

18、ly threatened with extinction. 目前，30%的爬行动物、鸟类和鱼类面临灭绝的危险。China is a peaceloving country, and we have never been a threat to the world. 中国是一个爱好和平的国家，我们从来不会成为世界的威胁。7seize vt.依法没收；(用武力)夺取；抓住；捉住背词条用法seize sth.from sb.从某人那里夺过某物seize sb.by the . 抓住某人的seize on/upon 抓住，利用seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会背写作

19、佳句I regret to inform that you have failed the exam, but what you should do now is not to regret wasting so much time but to seize every moment from now on. 我很遗憾地通知你考试没及格，但你现在应该做的不是后悔浪费了那么多时间，而是从现在开始抓紧每一刻。(2020浙江高考)Elli seized this opportunity to take some pictures of the bear. 埃利抓住这个机会给熊拍了几张照片。8mean

20、s n方式，方法；手段背词条用法means of (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法、途径by means of 借助的手段by all means 可以，当然行；务必，一定by no means 决不(置于句首，句子倒装) by this means 用这种方法背写作佳句As is known to all, with the improvement of peoples living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing great convenience to our life. 众所

21、周知，随着人们生活水平的提高，汽车已成为一种流行的交通工具，给我们的生活带来了极大的方便。We will by all means achieve our goals as long as we stick to them and work hard. 只要我们坚持并且努力工作，就一定会实现我们的目标。Furthermore, punishment is by no means a wise choice to help children grow up mentally and physically. 此外，惩罚绝不是一个帮助孩子在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。9adopt vt.采用，

22、采纳；收养背词条用法adopt a policy/habit 采用某项政策/某种习惯adopt ones suggestion/plan/idea 采纳某人的建议/计划/想法adopt a method/measures 采用某种方法/采取措施adopt an orphan 收养孤儿背写作佳句300 Tang Poems is so popular that many poems have been adopted by modern Chinese language textbooks. 唐诗300首如此受欢迎，以至于许多诗歌被现代汉语教材所收纳。In my opinion, the sch

23、ools must adopt new methods of teaching foreign languages to improve teaching quality. 在我看来，学校必须采用新的外语教学方法来提高教学质量。10considerate adj.体贴的，想得周到的背词条用法(1)be considerate to/of/towards 对体贴，体谅It is considerate of sb.to do (sth.) 某人做某事真是体贴(2)under consideration 在考虑中show consideration for 对表示关心out of consider

24、ation for 出于对的考虑/体谅take .into consideration 把考虑在内；考虑(3)consider sb./sth.to be/as . 认为是；把看作consider doing sth. 考虑做某事背写作佳句You are so considerate to us that we hope to be friends with you no matter where you are. 你对我们如此体贴，因此无论你在哪里，我们都希望与你成为朋友。(2019全国卷)All in all, my sense of responsibility will make me

25、 a qualified volunteer.Id appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. 总之，我的责任感将使我成为一名合格的志愿者。如果你能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。If you can help other people with pleasure and show your consideration for them, everybody will like to be with you. 如果你能乐意帮助别人并体谅他们，每个人都会愿意和你在一起。 (五)背短语词块表达出彩，需多积词块才行

26、单元短语再认再现1a_number_of一些2in_turn 依次；轮流3take_action 采取行动4lead_to 引起，导致5ahead_of 在前面6apart_from 除以外7answer_for (对已产生的不良后果)负责任8carry_off 掠去，夺走9call_for_an_end_to_sth. 要求结束10refer_to 指，意即11all_in_all 总的来说12earn_ones_living 谋生13as_a_matter_of_fact 实际上14look_ahead 展望未来15result_in 导致16on_somebodys_behalf 代表1

27、7break_away_from 摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织)18sum_up 总结，概括19or_else 否则，不然20beyond_ones_control 超出的控制，不受的控制21be_about_to_do 正要/就要做某事22in_the_last_few_decades 在过去的几十年里重点短语拓展用活1refer to指，意即；涉及，提及；谈到；参考；查阅背相关短语(1)refer to .as . 把称作refer .to . 把提交给(以求获得帮助) (2)in/with reference to 关于背写作佳句(2011安徽高考)When I am faced

28、 with a difficult question, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages. 当我面对难题时，我常常选择参考相关学习资料或网页。(2013全国卷)Chinese knot is referred to as Chinese traditional decorative knots. 中国结被视为中国的传统装饰绳编。(2019全国卷)With/In reference to your advertised position, I have the pleasure to say

29、 that I am the just person you are asking for. 关于广告上登的职位，我很高兴地说，我就是你们要找的那个人。2lead to引起，导致，造成(后果)；通向背相关短语lead sb.to . 引导某人去；带领某人通往lead sb.to do sth. 使得某人做某事lead a .life 过生活lead the way 领路背写作佳句All in all, every road leads to Rome, but I believe hard work pays off. 总之，条条大路通罗马，但我相信努力工作总是有回报的。Let your ch

30、ild learn to be independent, for eventually he will leave home to lead his own life as a fully independent adult. 让你的孩子学会独立，因为他最终会离开家，作为一个完全独立的成年人过自己的生活。With the old man leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village hidden in the woods. 有老人带路，我们很容易就找到了隐藏在树林里的村庄。3apart from除之外(都)；除之外(还有)背

31、相关短语take .apart 将拆开/拆分tell .apart 分辨出fall apart 破裂；断裂；散开set sb.apart 使某人与众不同背写作佳句(2018天津高考)The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as some national competitions. 除了定期培训外，培训计划还包括参加各种活动，例如一些国家比赛。They are so alike, and its difficult to tell

32、the two brothers apart. 他们长得太像了，很难把这两兄弟区分开。二、背佳句与佳作 (一)背写作佳句多“输入”才能巧“输出”教材内句式举一反三1Without these naturally occurring gases, the suns rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.(without引导的含蓄条件句)如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光会反射回太空，使得地球处于寒冷中而不适合生命生存。佳句(2020全国卷)For one thing,

33、I wouldnt have made such great progress in maths without his patient assistance. 首先，如果没有他的耐心帮助，我的数学成绩不会取得这么大的进步。佳句(2020全国卷)China wouldnt have made such achievements in the battle against the COVID19 outbreaks without Zhong Nanshan. 如果没有钟南山，中国就不会在抗击新冠肺炎疫情的斗争中取得这样的成就。佳句 Without your help, I couldnt ha

34、ve won the first place in the English Speaking Competition. 要是没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。2Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.(given用作介词或连词，表示“鉴于；考虑到；倘若”)鉴于这些数据，人类活动与全球气温上升之间的联系看来就不仅仅是巧合了。佳句 Given the present condi

35、tions, I think he has done rather well. 考虑到目前的条件，我认为他已经做得相当出色了。佳句Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given that I dont earn that much. 考虑到自己挣得不多，我用钱通常比较精打细算，这也是迫不得已。3The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.(拟

36、人修辞手法)在过去的几年里，发生了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测，更严重的灾难将接踵而至。佳句(2018全国卷)Our school has witnessed great changes in the last few years. 我们学校在过去几年里发生了很大的变化。佳句(2017北京高考)The past decade has witnessed great changes in the tourism industry in China. 过去十年见证了中国旅游业的巨大变化。同主题佳句熟读成诵1It is well known that the global water shortag

37、e is becoming increasingly severe due to global warming.众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺(问题)正变得日益严重。2There is no doubt that the Earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global warming.毫无疑问，地球正在变暖，而全球变暖正是人类活动所致。3Consequently, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that pe

38、ople are more and more aware of the importance of the protection of the environment.因此，不难得出结论：人们越来越意识到环境保护的重要性了。 (二)背满分作文好习作就靠“仿效”和“背诵”本辑学点说明文 题目要求 (2016四川高考)某中学生英文报站正举办“The Season I Like Best”的征文活动，请用英文写一篇短文投稿，内容应包括：1你最喜欢的季节；2你喜欢该季节的两条理由(如：气候、景色、活动、感受)。注意：1.词数100左右；2题目已为你写好；3行文连贯，语篇完整；4文中不得透露个人真实信息

39、。 The Season I Like Best 背范文The Season I Like BestEach of us knows that there are four seasons in a year. Different people like different seasons, and my favorite season is spring.I love to smell the fragrance of flowers, see the new green trees and hear the singing of birds. There are many busy but

40、terflies and bees over the flowers. Sometimes it rains, but usually rains quietly. The rain moistens the trees and the flowers. And I can play outside too! Whether we like riding bikes, jogging or going hiking, spring allows us to enjoy outdoor activities.Of course, there are many other reasons to e

41、xplain why Im so excited about spring. Thank you, spring! 学亮点1学亮丽开头开头先用there be句型陈述“一年有四季”，从而引出自己最喜欢的季节春季。开头非常简洁，开门见山。2学高级表达(1)使用高级词汇和语块，如：the fragrance of flowers, moisten, allow sb. to do等，提高了作文的档次。(2)熟练使用高级句式，如：there be句型There are many busy butterflies and bees over the flowers；让步状语从句Whether we l

42、ike riding bikes, jogging or going hiking；宾语从句why Im so .等，为作文增色不少，也彰显了考生的语言功底。 3防微点失分考生容易把“Each of us knows that there are four seasons in a year.”中的谓语动词knows错用为know，或把“Different people like different seasons, and my favorite season is spring.”中的seasons误用为season，从而导致失分。学案(一)重点单词的查漏补缺打牢必备知识 全面练练清易错微

43、点.单词拼写1Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to develop to their greatest potential (潜能)2I dont think what he said is relevant (相关的) to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.3Those quilts (被子) dont give you much protection against the cold.4In the course of e

44、volution (进化), some birds have lost the power of flight.5With prices sliding (滑动) fast, small computers are becoming popular.根据语境写出加蓝部分的汉语意思1(2020江苏高考)When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had happened to their

45、 lives. 灾难2(2020 天津7月高考)If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk. 黏土3(2019天津高考)Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that

46、 all too often come with passing years. 采用，采纳4(熟词生义)A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. 配备5(熟词生义)They killed a sheep as a sacrifice. 贡品，祭品6(熟词生义)The only thing the wolf could do was climbing up to the ground from the trap. 陷阱.单句语法填空1I sat down by the l

47、ake armed (arm) with a pair of binoculars.2The engineers designed a new type of vehicles for mountainous (mountain) regions.3We used the money to set up an irrigation (irrigate) project.4We should do our best to save endangered (endanger) species.5He came to China in order to learn Chinese agricultu

48、ral (agriculture) skills.6The whole construction (construct) of our society depends on mutual trust.7It is obvious that we cant change the changeable (change)weather.We have to adjust to it.8At night, the temperature would drop sharply (sharp).完成句子1.We substitute_the_red_balls_for_the_blue_ones,_to

49、see if the baby would notice.我们用红色球代替蓝色球，看宝宝是否能注意到。2.The policeman seized_the_thief_by_the_arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。3.He was_condemned_to_death for murder and later hanged.他因谋杀罪被判处死刑后被绞死。4.The family have_adopted_three_children_as their own.这家人已经收养了三个孩子作为他们自己的孩子。名师点拨“一站清”(1)substitute A for B“用A代替/取代B”，相当于sub

50、stitute B with/by A。(2)seize指突然一把“抓住”某人或某物时，可直接用被抓的部位作宾语，也可用“seizesb./sth.bythe部位”结构，但表示部位的名词前不可用物主代词。(3)condemn sb.to death“判某人死刑”， 相当于 sentence sb.to death。(4)adopt与adapt词形相近，但意思不同，adapt 意为“适应；改编，改写”。 重点练深化高频考点1trap 明其义vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境 n陷阱；圈套 通其用(1)单句语法填空He felt he had been trapped into acceptin

51、g (accept) the terms of the contract.Dont fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place.The old man was trapped in the burning house at that moment.(2)句式升级The girl was trapped in ruins, but she still wore a smile, waiting to be rescued.Trapped_in_ruins,_the girl still wore a smile, wai

52、ting to be rescued.(用过去分词短语作状语) 解其困表示“被困在中”的短语还有：be/get locked inbe/get stuck inbe/get caught inbe/get blocked in2sacrifice 明其义v. & n牺牲；献出_ 通其用(1)单句语法填空Would you sacrifice a football game to_go (go) shopping with me?As a mother, she was ready to sacrifice everything for her family.(2)完成句子She made_ma

53、ny_sacrifices to get her son a good education.为了让儿子接受好的教育，她做出了很多牺牲。He sacrificed_a_promising_career_to_look_after his kids.他为了照顾孩子牺牲了前途光明的事业。 解其困sacrifice作动词时只用作及物动词，后接名词或代词作宾语。表示“为牺牲”时，常与介词for或to连用。它可用于被动结构，还常接动词不定式作目的状语。3advocate 明其义vt.主张，提倡 n提倡者，拥护者 通其用单句语法填空He advocated that the children (should

54、)_be_taken (take) good care of in the charity house.Many experts in education advocated encouraging (encourage) children for good behavior.She has always been an advocate of/for changes to the local economic reform. 解其困advocate后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语；接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。4threaten 明其义vt.威胁，恐吓 通其用(1)单句语法填空

55、He was threatened with dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment.David threatened to_report (report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.(2)句式升级He was threatened by terrorists and didn

56、t dare to vote for the president.(过去分词短语作状语)Threatened_by_terrorists,_he_didnt_dare_to_vote_for_the_president. 解其困threaten to do sth.还可表示“(坏事)可能发生，将要发生”。如：The fighting is threatening to turn into fullscale war.这场战斗有可能会演变为全面战争。5means 明其义n方式，方法；手段 通其用(1)选词填空(by means of; by all means; by no means; by

57、this means)By_no_means is the problem as simple as we first thought.If you have a better idea, then by_all_means let me know.She could not speak，but made her wishes known by_means_of signs.Only by_this_means can you solve the problem.(2)一句多译各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。Every_possible_means_has_been_tried,_bu

58、t none worked.(means 为单数名词)All_possible_means_have_been_tried,_but none worked.(means 为复数名词) 解其困(1)当means表示“方法，方式，手段”时，单复数同形。means作主语且有every, each, one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, all, few等词修饰时谓语动词用复数。(2)表示“(做)的方法”的表达还有：the approach to (doing) sth.; the way to do/of (doing) sth.; the method o

59、f (doing) sth.等。6considerate 明其义adj.体贴的，想得周到的 通其用(1)单句语法填空He has never shown much consideration for his wifes needs.However, a husband should be considerate of his wife.(consider)Womens Day is around the corner, and Im considering buying (buy) a gift for Mum, one that is to her taste.Chinas new “Bel

60、t and Road” initiative has considerable (consider) potential to create positive benefits.What a pity！Considering (consider) his ability and experience, he might have done better.We are told the matter is still under consideration.(2)句式升级If you take all things into consideration, you will find that g

61、overnments would want to ban drugs.All_things_considered,_you_will_find_that_governments_would_want_to_ban_drugs.(用独立主格结构)With_all_things_taken_into_consideration,_you_will_find_that_governments_would_want_to_ban_drugs.(用with复合结构) 解其困take .into consideration“把考虑在内；考虑”，相当于take .into account。学案(二)词块、句

62、式的活学活用强化关键能力 词块的验收盘点.词块点点练选词填空look ahead， all in all， lead to， earn ones living， in turn， answer for， break away from ， ahead of， result in， sum up 1If you drive this car without a licence, youll have to answer_for the consequences.2Only then did I realize that it was foolish of me to break_away_fro

63、m all my friends and never contact them.3Look_ahead in the distance, and you can see the lights of the village.4All_in_all,_words fail to express my thankfulness to you.5.Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead_to many diseases.6.The young man made a promise to his parents that

64、 he would try to earn_his_living after graduation.7.He spends too much time on maths, and this in_turn affects the progress of his other subjects.8Stress and tiredness often result_in a lack of concentration.9We can sum_up the main point of the lesson in three sentences.10.Talking to a network guida

65、nce counselor ahead_of time can also be helpful.名师点拨“一站清”(1)lead to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。表示“导致，造成”的短语还有：result in; contribute to；bring about等。(2)earn ones living“谋生”， 其同义短语为make a living。(3)in turn中的turn用单数，而by turns和take turns中的turn用复数。(4)ahead of time“提前”，相当于ahead of schedule。.易错对对碰辨析比较1apart fr

66、om VS except for VS besides VS except比较We all passed the exam except/apart_from Mike, because he hadnt studied hard. We passed the exam besides/apart_from Mike, so we were cheerful. Except_for/Apart_from her illnesses, she had a particularly happy childhood. Its too late to go out now.Besides,_its b

67、eginning to rain.辨清(1)apart from 既有 except/except for 的含义，也有 besides 的含义；(2)except 意为“除了，排除在外”； (3)besides 意为“除了之外还有，包括在内”。2result in VS result from比较The terrible accident resulted_from his careless driving. His careless driving resulted_in the terrible accident.辨清(1)result from意为“是的结果，由于而发生”，即主语表示结

68、果，介词from的宾语则表示原因，即主语的结果是由宾语的原因引起的；(2)result in意为“结果是，导致；结果造成”，其主语表示原因，介词in的宾语则表示结果，即主语的原因导致或造成了宾语的结果。.多义比比看一词多义(写出下列句中refer to的含义)If you dont know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.查阅Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are preparing for a test. 参考We h

69、ave reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again. 提及 句式的验收盘点 (一)given的用法通其用1单句语法填空Given (give) that theyre inexperienced, they have done a good job.Considering (consider) your salary, you should be able to put aside at least twenty dollars a week.2完成句子Providing/Provided_that_your_

70、car_should_break_down_on_the_road,_what would you do then? (provide)假如你的车子在路上抛锚，那你怎么办？Suppose/Supposing_(that)_you_are_able_to_come_with_us,_please let us know and well wait for you at the school gate at 9：00 in the morning.(suppose)如果你能和我们一起去，请让我们知道，我们将在早上9点在学校门口等你。 解其困(1)given为介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，表示原因，后

71、可接that从句，that可省略；还可以表示假设，意为“倘若，假定”。(2)引导条件状语从句用法相似的表达还有：considering (that) .考虑到，鉴于seeing (that) . 既然，鉴于provided/providing (that) . 假定assuming (that) . 假设，如果suppose/supposing (that) . 假如，如果 (二)拟人修辞手法通其用1翻译句子总的来说，过去几年里，班级逐渐地发生了一些变化。All_in_all,_these_past_years_witnessed_gradual_changes_in_the_class.国庆

72、节高速公路上严重堵车。The_National_Day_witnessed_so_many_traffic_jams_on_the_expressway.2句式升级Great changes have taken place in our hometown since the reform and opening policies started.(用拟人修辞手法)Our_hometown_has_seen/witnessed_great_changes since the reform and opening policies started. 解其困(1)see意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，

73、常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹，发生，经历”了某事。(2)与see用法相同的动词有find, witness, say, experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。学案(三)高考语篇的价值发掘提升学科素养2020全国卷阅读理解B篇对接课标主题：人与环境、人与动植物 (一)精读真题拓展语言能力(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用法) 1When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last mon

74、th, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they werent there to throw red paint on furcoatwearing film stars. Instead， one activist, dressed in a fullbody monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)！”2The creativ

75、e team behind “Apes” used motioncapture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realisticlooking ape.3Yet

76、“Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact，Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping_tabs_on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Eleph

77、ants，” “The Hangover Part ” and “Zookeeper，” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly4 I. n some cases，its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that (1)has activists worried; its the offset training and living condit

78、ions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.,析微点厚积语言基础微技法注意文章转折处往往是关键信息，为解题提供依据。第一段中的Instead为第24题提供了解题依据。构词法looking同根词realisticlooking adj.逼真的goodlooking adj. 漂亮的plai

79、nlooking adj. 长相普通的微提醒词义猜测题一定要联系上下文，结合语境和逻辑关系进行综合判断。微积累case短语总结：in some cases 在某些情况下in no case 绝不in any case 在任何情况下in case 万一；以防in case of 假使，万一通句式句子(1)中含有两个强调句。第一个强调句中被强调部分为“not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio”；第二个强调句中被强调部分为“the offset training and living conditions”。 理脉络内

80、化读文规律 (二)解析真题感悟素养立意 考什么怎么考真题再做24Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?ATo see famous film stars.BTo oppose wearing fur coats.CTo raise money for animal protection.DTo express thanks to some filmmakers.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Instead，one activist，dressed in a fullbody monkey suit，had

81、arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers：Thanks for not using real apes(猿)！”可知，动物保护者在Hollywood Boulevard 集会是为了向一些电影制片人表示感谢，故D项正确。25What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?AThe cost of making “Apes.”BThe creation of digitalized apes.CThe publicity about “Apes.”DThe performance of real apes.解析：选B段落

82、大意题。根据第二段中的“The creative team behind Apesused motioncapture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals . records an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像)”可以判断，第二段主要介绍了数字化猿的创作过程，故选B。26What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in par

83、agraph 3 probably mean?AListing completely.BDirecting professionally.CPromoting successfully.DWatching carefully.解析：选D词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment”可知，该非营利性组织旨在监督电影娱乐业对待动物的方式，所以画线短语与 monitor(监督)意义接近，故D项正确。27What can we infer

84、 from the last paragraph about animal actors?AThey may be badly treated.BThey should take further training.CThey could be traded illegally.DThey would lose popularity.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In some cases, its not so much the treatment .that are raising concerns.”可以推断，动物演员可能受到了不公正的对待，故A项正确。 为什么考有何价值导向解读

85、一、发展思维品质文中第27题考查学生的逻辑性思维。通过最后一段可知，在某些情况下，让动物保护主义者非常担忧的并不是在拍摄现场对待动物的方式，而是拍摄现场外对动物的训练情况和它们的生活条件。并且对在美国以外的地方拍摄的电影他们也存在疑问，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到密切的关注。由此可推知动物演员可能受到了不公正的对待。故A项正确。二、聚焦核心价值本文以电影猩球崛起的拍摄以数字成像的技术呈现动物为背景，介绍动物在影视作品拍摄中的现状，即很多动物未被很好地对待。文章以独特的视角，展现了人与动物在和平共处中面临的严峻挑战。文章以人与自然为主题语境，体现了动物保护这一话题，呼吁人们寻求动物保

86、护的合理方式和策略，文章旨在培养学生的批判性思维和创新思维能力，增强保护动物的意识和责任感。 (三)借力真题发掘学习能力.单句语法填空1There are various treatments (treat) available for this condition.2She was concerned (concern) that she might miss the turning and got lost.3Each of students progress is closely monitored (monitor)4Most living creatures (creature) a

87、re capable of adaptation when forced to do so.5It was Lucy who/that was saved by the firefighters from the big fire.分析长难句1The creative team behind “Apes” used motioncapture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actors perf

88、ormance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). 句式解构本句是一个含有一个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是The creative team，谓语动词是used。其中现在分词状语spending .作方式状语；that引导定语从句修饰先行词technology，在定语从句中and连接了两个并列谓语动词records和processes。句意翻译猿(电影猩球崛起)背后的创作团队使用了动作捕捉技术创造出了数字化的动物(图像)，先是拍摄一位演员的表演，随后用计算机图像(软件)进行

89、处理，以创造最终的影像，该团队在这项技术上花费了数千万美元。2And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely productions filmed in the States.句式解构本句是含有一个非限制性定语从句的there be句型。主句为there be句型，主句的主语是questions，谓语动词是are。其中made outside the States 作后置定语，修饰先行词films;_which引导非限制性定

90、语从句。句意翻译而且在美国之外的电影拍摄中存在一些问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的作品那样受到密切的关注。.主题语境写作近年来，越来越多的动物濒临灭绝，请你写一篇小短文来呼吁人们保护环境、爱护动物。注意：1.词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考范文：Animal is the friend of mankind, an important part of the natural ecosystem. It is human precious natural resources.But with the development of society, many animals

91、 are facing the danger of extinction.In order to maintain ecological balance, we should take some effective measures to protect animals. We can also establish a national park as a wild animal protection area.The most important thing is to improve peoples knowledge of animal care.Let us join hands in

92、 creating a harmonious coexistence of human and animal beautiful homes.课下主题训练人与环境、人与动植物课时练(一)一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)pollutionradiationrubbish litter damage smelly disappearance destruction environment expectation endangered forbid protect punish severe surroundings emission haze

93、 noisy consume (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空1Waste water from the factory is the main cause of the pollution (pollute)2The disappearance (disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.3It will cause the destruction (destroy) of our seas and oceans.4Please give him lots of love instead

94、 of high expectations (expect); otherwise he will be loaded with great pressure.5Hes devoted his whole life to the protection (protect) of the rare animals.6A good judge will try to make the punishment (punish) fit the crime.7Everyone should realize the importance of wildlife protection, because som

95、e animals are endangered (endanger)8The soldier who disobeyed the commander has been severely (severe) punished.写出下列句中加蓝词的汉语意思1The news of the radiation leak caused widespread public alarm. 辐射2Dont leave any rubbish, and dont forget that the ecology of Antarctica is very delicate. 垃圾3Our teacher tol

96、d us not to drop litter carelessly anywhere. 垃圾4Once the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. 损害5The once beautiful rivers have turned into smelly and dirty dustbins. 难闻的6Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live. 环境7Some began to reform

97、 their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning. 禁止8Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves. 环境9Some of the most efficient refrigerators consume 70 percent less electricity than traditional models. 消耗10The emission of gases such as carbon dioxide shoul

98、d be stabilised at their present level. 排放二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解More and more rare species are being threatened by tourism on the Galapagos Islands. Among them are lizards (蜥蜴), birds and other animals that live on the islands. Most of them are killed by the growing number of cars and buses that cross the h

99、ighlands. Especially finches (雀类), birds that helped Charles Darwin prove the theory of evolution, are in danger of dying out completely.The Galapagos, volcanic islands in the Pacific, about a thousand kilometers off the coast of Ecuador, represent a whole ecosystem with animals and plants that cann

100、ot be found elsewhere on Earth. UNESCO made the islands a World Heritage Site.However, the islands are being ruined by environmental changes. Coastlines and harbors show signs of oily water as boatloads of tourists arrive there.Towns have hotels that are only halffinished.The Galapagos Islands have

101、witnessed an economic boom over the past years. About 40,000 people live in the richest place in Ecuador, where wages are almost 70% higher than the wages in most of the country. Although Ecuadorian authorities restrict immigration to the islands, many go there in search of a new life. With them arr

102、ive new species of ants and insects. They also bring along dogs, cats, rats and other animals that destroy the natural ecosystem of the islands.What started out as ecotourism with only a few thousand people visiting the Galapagos Islands every year has turned into mass tourism. Today almost 200,000

103、tourists come to the islands annually. However, they are not so much interested in biology or wildlife but in spending a nice vacation.The fight to save the endangered islands has long been underway. Even though the Galapagos Islands are being helped with money from environmental organizations, loca

104、l people do not always know how to use it. The government has also realized that they need to protect the islands, because tourism is a big source of income to the poor Latin American country.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了旅游业对加拉帕戈斯群岛上的生态造成了极大的破坏。1What makes the Galapagos become a World Heritage Site?AThere ex

105、ists unique wildlife.BTheir economy develops quickly.CA large number of tourists pour in every year.DThey are the origin of the theory of evolution.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段的“represent a whole ecosystem with animals and plants that cannot be found elsewhere on Earth”可知，加拉帕戈斯群岛因其独特的动植物被联合国教科文组织选为世界文化遗址。2Whats

106、 the main reason why immigration to the islands is restricted?AIt brings competition to the local labor force.BIt widens the gap between rich and poor.CIt makes the islands very crowded.DIt threatens the ecosystem of the islands.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段可知，厄瓜多尔当局限制移民，主要原因是他们带来的外来生物对岛上的生态造成了威胁。3What do we kno

107、w about the ecotourism carried out on the islands?AIt has destroyed the tourism on the islands.BIt has brought real benefits for the locals.CIt has gone into the wrong way.DIt has proved to be a success.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，原本加拉帕戈斯群岛进行的环保旅游结果却变成了大规模旅游，破坏了岛上的生态。4What can be a suitable title for the te

108、xt?AThe Galapagos Islands begin to appear on UNESCOs listBMass tourism endangers the ecology of the Galapagos IslandsCThe Galapagos Islands get help from environmental organizationDThe Galapagos Islands are experiencing a period of economic boom解析：选B标题归纳题。本文主要讲了旅游业对加拉帕戈斯群岛上的生态造成了极大的破坏。.完形填空(2021天津模拟

109、)Some of the greatest problems we face today are concerned with the gradual destruction of our environment.Brown clouds; wildlife _1_； polluted water.These _2_ all seem so huge.So my family does what we can.We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags.We walk where we dont have to _3_.

110、But does it do any good?I recently learned something about flamingos (火烈鸟)These beautiful birds gather in _4_ groups of a thousand or more.Every year, when the time _5_ for migration, a few flamingos start the process by taking off from the lake.But _6_ of the others seem to notice, so the tiny grou

111、p returns.However, the next day they _7_ again.This time a few more struggle along with them, but the vast majority still _8_ no attention, so these pioneers come back.The _9_ continues for several more days.Every time a few more birds join in but, _10_ the thousands of others still take no _11_， th

112、e great migration plan is once again _12_.Then one day something _13_.The same small group of birds takes wing and a tiny number more join in, just as before.And this time their total number, though still quite _14_， is enough to tip the balance.As one, the whole group takes flight and the migration

113、 _15_.What a _16_ sight it must be thousands of flamingos taking to the sky at once!A few can make a _17_.Its true that all of the great problems of the world have been solved because of the _18_ efforts of a few.If you believe in a cause (事业), dont _19_！ Others will someday take notice and together

114、 we will _20_ even our greatest problems.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从那些准备迁徙的火烈鸟先行者身上认识到少数人也可以产生大影响，最终会带领大多数人行动起来解决与环境破坏有关的大问题。1A.protectionBextinctionCmigration Dseparation解析：选B此处与“Brown clouds”和“polluted water”并列，表示三个严重的问题，指的是野生动物灭绝(extinction)，故选B。2A.questions BcostsCexamples Dproblems解析：选D根据第一句中的“problems

115、”可知，这些问题看起来都很严重，故选D。3A.drive BrunCcycle Dstand解析：选A根据本空前的“We walk where we dont have to”可知，作者和家人步行去不需要开车(drive)去的地方，故选A。4A.tiny BdifferentChuge Dsimilar解析：选C根据空后的“groups of a thousand or more”可知，一个鸟群有很多只火烈鸟，规模非常大(huge)，故选C。5A.comes BpassesCvaries Dmoves解析：选Athe time comes for .表示“到的时候了”，故选A。6A.all B

116、anyCnone Dmost解析：选C根据空后的“so the tiny group returns”可知，其他的火烈鸟中没有谁(none)注意到它们，于是这一小群火烈鸟又飞回到湖面上，故选C。7A.gather BtryCsing Dappear解析：选B根据空后的“This time a few more struggle along with them”可知，第二天，这些少数的先行者会继续尝试(try)起飞(准备迁徙)，故选B。8A.attract BrequireCescape Dpay解析：选Dpay no attention to表示“不理会”，故选D。9A.plan Btrend

117、Cactivity Dmovement解析：选B此处指火烈鸟起飞准备迁徙的尝试趋势(trend)，故选B。10A.since BthoughCunless Dwhile解析：选A因为(since)成千上万的火烈鸟仍然没有注意到它们，所以大迁徙计划再次被推迟，故选A。11A.responsibility BnoticeCchance Dmeasure解析：选B“take no notice”与上文“pay no attention to”意思相近，表示“没注意到”，故选B。12A.put off Bcut offCcarried out Dworked out解析：选A根据上文先行者又飞回来可知

118、，迁徙计划又被推迟了(put off)，故选A。13A.approaches BworksCchanges Ddisappears解析：选C根据空后的“The same small group of birds takes wing and a tiny number more join in”可知，情况发生了改变(changes)，又有一些火烈鸟加入，故选C。14A.significant BreasonableCadequate Dsmall解析：选D根据空前的“though”及空后的“is enough to tip the balance”可知，尽管总数仍然很小(small)，但足以扭

119、转局面，故选D。15A.continues BdelaysCfinishes Dbegins解析：选D经过多次尝试后，大迁徙终于开始了(begins)，故选D。16A.familiar BstrangeCmagnificent Dunrealistic解析：选C根据空后的“thousands of flamingos taking to the sky at once”可知，成千上万只火烈鸟同时飞上天空，场面一定非常壮观(magnificent)，故选C。17A.point BdecisionCdifference Dmistake解析：选Cmake a difference表示“有意义，有影

120、响”，故选C。18A.useless BtirelessCextra Dspecial解析：选B根据上文可知，正是因为那些少数先行者一次又一次的尝试，最后火烈鸟大军才成功迁徙。tireless“孜孜不倦的”，故选B。19A.give up Bgive inCgive away Dgive out解析：选A如果你相信你的事业，那么不要放弃。give up“放弃”，故选A。20A.identify BunderstandCpredict Dsolve解析：选D根据第一段提到的那些与环境破坏有关的问题可知，此处指我们将一起解决(solve)我们最大的问题，故选D。课时练(二)一、主题语基拓展练 (一

121、)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)preventdeclinereduce replacement natural disappointment atmosphere challenging environmentallyfriendly recycle harmony species conservation unbearable unbelievable catastrophe widespread circumstance alternative absorb (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空(有两词多余)decline， species， atmosphere

122、， environmentallyfriendly， reduce， recycle， prevent， harmony， widespread， alternative 1Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.2There is a great deal of evidence indicating that listening to soft music can reduce stress.

123、3The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.4Fashion isnt very environmentallyfriendly because it makes people buy things they dont need, just because theyre new.5It is wellknown that the giant panda has become an endangered species.6Denmark recycles n

124、early 85% of its paper.7There has been a sharp decline in profits this year.8Carbon dioxide prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.单句语法填空1The country wants to play an active role in the prevention (prevent) of violent conflict.2To our disappointment

125、(disappoint), it turned out that the button didnt work any more.3My secretary leaves us next week, so we are advertising for a replacement (replace)4When the artificial flowers are contrasted with natural (nature) ones, you can hardly tell the difference.5Challenging (challenge) as the task is, we a

126、re confident that we will succeed sooner or later.6The conversation was carried on in a harmonious (harmony) and friendly atmosphere.7It was unbearable (bearable) to see the sorrowful eyes of the mourning people.8It would be unbelievable (believable) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed h

127、is friends.9The surrounding villages have been_absorbed (absorb) by the growing city in the last ten years.二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解Meet the longestliving vertebrate(脊椎动物)in the world, the Greenland shark.Found primarily in the very cold waters of the North Atlantic, these slowswimming sharks can be as big as

128、the largest great whites, reaching up to 21 feet in length.Theyre among the largest of carnivorous (食肉的) fish, and yet grow perhaps only a centimeter or so a year.Such slow growth yet big size is usually an indicator of a longlived animal.“We only expected that the sharks might be very old，” Julius

129、Nielsen, at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, told NPR.“But we did not know in advance.And it was, of course, a very big surprise to learn that it was actually the oldest vertebrate animal.”Imagine being 150 years old before youre ready to have your first child! Imagine being born before the

130、United States was even a reality.For humans who rarely make it to a century mark its difficult to fully understand.Little is known about Greenland sharks, even basics such as where they give birth or how many of them there are, though researchers at a conference at the University of Exeter thought t

131、hat they may mate in “hidden”Arctic fjords.No one has even witnessed one hunting, though they have been found to have various vertebrate ones in their stomachs such as polar bear, seals, fastswimming fish and even moose etc.Given the sharks incredibly long lifespans, scientists are diving into the s

132、ea creatures genome, looking for clues.That conference also highlighted the work being done to separate the sharks longevity gene, with complete DNA information gathered from almost 100 sharks, including some born in the 1750s.Finding such a gene could go a long way in explaining why some vertebrate

133、s, like humans, have such limited lifespans.These sharks also serve as swimming history books.Their tissue, bones and DNA could tell us a great deal about the waters of the world from a time before the Industrial Revolution, largescale commercial fishing and the pronounced ocean pollution we see tod

134、ay.Check out what its like to swim with one in this encounter with what is a small and young and yet to us, still fairly old Greenland shark.1What can we know about Greenland sharks from the first two paragraphs?ALongestliving, and slowswimming carnivorous vertebrate.BLongestliving, and slowestswimm

135、ing vertebrate.CLargest, but fastgrowing carnivorous vertebrate.DLongestliving, largest carnivorous vertebrate but fastgrowing.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段可知，格陵兰鲨鱼是世界上最长寿的脊椎动物。根据第二段第一、二句可知，这种鲨鱼游泳缓慢并且食肉。故选A。2Why were scientists surprised after they examined Greenland shark?AGreenland shark can live as old as hum

136、ans.BGreenland shark is the largest animal in the world.CGreenland shark can live more than one hundred years.DGreenland shark is really the oldest vertebrate in the world.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“a very big surprise to learn that it was actually the oldest vertebrate animal”可知，科学家们因为发现格陵兰鲨鱼是世界上最古老的脊椎动物而感

137、到惊讶。故选D。3What kind of animals do Greenland sharks prefer?ABoth polar bear and seal.BOnly fastswimming fish.CVarious vertebrate animals.DPolar bear, moose and fish.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，格陵兰鲨鱼喜欢吃各种各样的脊椎动物。故选C。4What information can we get from the passage?AScientists declare that they have known all a

138、bout Greenland sharks.BScientists want to get more information about longevity from their study on sharks.CScientists consider sharks can only serve as swimming history books.DScientists just want to know why Greenland sharks have a long life.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第六段可推知，科学家们希望从他们对鲨鱼的研究中获得更多关于长寿的信息。故选B。.阅读七选

139、五(2021潍坊模拟)Hotels in Shanghai are requested to stop offering disposable toiletries (一次性洗漱用品) unless customers ask, in order to make efforts to reduce waste and pursue (追求) green development. _1_.The move is stated in a set of regulations on garbage sorting and recycling that went into effect in Shan

140、ghai.Under the new regulations, most household plastic wastes should be sorted and recycled.The city also encourages individuals and companies to reduce their use of disposable plastic products.Kunlun Jing An hotel is one of those that answered the government call that “not offering disposable toile

141、tries unless asked”_2_.“Shanghai is taking a lead in the country to fight against plastic waste，” said Gerd Knaust, general manager of Kunlun Jing An hotel.“Hotels should make contributions to sorting and recycling garbage._3_.” _4_. “It is a good thing to reduce waste in daily life，” said Zhang Wei

142、, 40, from east Chinas Shandong Province who checked in the hotel for a business trip.He brought a reusable toothbrush after being informed by the hotel in advance.At least 6.5 million sets of disposable toiletries are said to be used every day if the occupancy rate (入住率) is 50 percent for the 13 to

143、 15 million hotel rooms across China, said Du Liangliang of the Hotel Business Unit of Ctrip, Chinas leading online travel agency. “ _5_，” Du said.AThe hotel said the new measure will help reduce plastic wasteBGuests are encouraged to use recyclable toiletries during their stayCIf hotels stop offeri

144、ng disposable toiletries, it will be great progressDIt is one of the steps that the government takes to protect our environmentEAlso, we should encourage customers worldwide to lead an ecofriendly lifeFThe hotel has informed people of the change through online and offline meansGPlastic products harm

145、 our environment so greatly that we shall reduce their use语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为了减少浪费和追求绿色发展，上海的酒店被要求停止提供一次性洗漱用品，除非顾客提出要求。1选B结合上下文可知，在上海实施的一套垃圾分类和回收条例中，酒店被要求停止提供一次性洗漱用品，除非顾客要求。B项“酒店鼓励客人在入住期间使用可重复使用的洗漱用品”承接上下文。故选B。2选A根据下文“在全国范围内，上海在打击塑料垃圾方面处于领先地位”可知，A项“该酒店表示，新措施将有助于减少塑料垃圾”承接下文。故选A。3选E根据上文“酒店应该为垃圾分类和回收做出贡献”可

146、知，E项“同时，我们应该鼓励世界各地的消费者过一种环保的生活”承接上文。故选E。4选F根据下文的举例及本段最后一句中的“being informed by the hotel in advance”可知，F项“酒店已经通过线上和线下的方式告知了人们这一改变”符合本段语境。故选F。5选C根据上文“如果全国1 300万到1 500 万间酒店客房的入住率为50%，那么每天至少有650万套一次性洗漱用品被使用”可知，C项“如果酒店停止提供一次性洗漱用品，那将是一个巨大的进步”承接上文。故选C。.书面表达假定你是李华，你校计划周六举行主题为“保护环境，人人有责”的演讲比赛，请给交流生Chris写封邮件，

147、内容包括：1邀请对方参赛；2告知比赛时间、地点；3就如何准备提出建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Chris， Yours，Li Hua参考范文：Dear Chris，I am writing to invite you to take part in a speech entitled “Start from ourselves to protect our environment”Here are more details.As scheduled, the contest is to be held in our lecture hall by

148、the Student Union on March 10th.You are supposed to get adequately prepared before the contest.Above all, its strongly recommended that you should talk about the present coronavirus outbreak which caused great loss to our lives and economy, and further analyze the causes and future prevention measures.If you want to attend, please come to the school assembly hall, which is located in the third floor.Dont hesitate to take part! Im sure you will do your part in protecting our Earth.Yours，Li Hua34