初中英语新外研版八年级上册Unit 2 Getting along语法和写作（2025秋）.doc

1、八年级英语上册Unit 2语法和写作一、语法【现在完成时】1.表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续下去。常与for或since引导的时间状语（从句）连用。用how long提问，谓语动词用延续性动词。for + 时间段Eg: I lived here for about ten years.我住在这大约十年了。since + 时间点：Eg: We have been very busy since the new term began.从新学期开始我们就非常忙。since + 从句（一般过去时）Eg: I have learnt English since I

2、was 5 years old.从五岁我就开始学英语。2.短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间状语连用短暂性动词变延续性动词的情况：begin(start) - be on; go there - be there;come back - be back; come here - be here;open - be open; close - be close;die - be dead; marry - be married;finish - be over; go to bed - be in bed;leave - be away; return - be back;get out - be o

3、ut; fall asleep - be asleep;lose - be lost; fall ill - be ill;borrow - keep; put on - wear/ be on;become - be; get to know - know;buy - have (own); receive - have;catch a cold - have a cold;go to sleep - sleepEg: I have borrowed that book for one month.()- I have kept that book for one month.() 我可以借

4、这本书一个月。瞬间动词可用于现在完成时中，但不可接一段时间。3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：（1）二者意义上的区别：现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调现在的情况，它与现在有密切的关系。它不是从时间上就是从结果上和现在联系了起来，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。（2）时间状语上不同：现在完成时的时间状语有：already, yet, still, ever, so far(到目前为止), recently, these days/weeks/years, since +时间点, for + 时间段, in the la

5、st/past (few years)等。一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday 系列；last 系列；ago系列；in + 过去时间；及上下文暗示或其他一些特殊的时间状语Eg: (1) I have already seen the film.(强调我已经知道电影的内容)(2) I saw the film last week.(强调我看电影的动作)4.have been to 去过某地（已经回来了）have gone to 去了某地（还没有回来）have been in 曾住在某地Eg: (1) I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。(2) He h

6、as gone to Beijing.他去北京了（还没有回来）。(3) She has been in Beijing for 3 years.她在北京住了三年。5.already, yet, ever, still在现在完成时中的区别：already“已经”用于肯定句中，与现在完成时连用，already不用于否定句中，但可用于疑问句中，表示期待对方做出明确或表示惊讶，此时already位于句末yet“已经”与现在完成时连用，用于否定句或疑问句中，位于句末，可与not连用表示“还没有”ever“曾经”用于现在完成时中，用于否定句、疑问句、比较结构或带if的句子中still“至今还，现在仍然”用

7、于肯定句中Eg: (1) I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。(2) I havent finished reading this book yet.我还没有读完这本书。(3) Have you ever been there? 你去过那吗？(4) Tom is still here.汤姆仍然在这。注意：在含有already的句子中变一般疑问句时将already变为yet移到句尾Eg: I have already finished working.我已经结束工作了。- Have you finished working yet?你完成工作了吗？二、

8、写作【话题】Write a short story about understanding between people.【提示】1.When does the story happen? 这个故事发生在什么时候？2.Where does the story happen?这个故事在哪发生的？3.Who are the main character of the story?这个故事的主人公是谁？4.What problem do the characters face?主人公们面对什么问题？5.How do the characters solve the problem?主人公们是如何解决

9、问题的？6.What does the story teach us about relationships? 这个故事在人际关系方面教会了我们什么？【写作步骤】定文体(记叙文)、人称(第三人称)、时态(一般过去时、现在完成时)【范文】Last Friday afternoon, I had a misunderstanding with my classmate Eric.It happened after school in the classroom.I couldnt find my English notebook, and I thought Eric had taken it b

10、y mistake, because we often sit near each other.At first, I felt angry and didnt say anything.But then I thought, “Maybe I should try to understand before blaming.” I walked over and asked Eric politely.He looked surprised and said he hadnt seen it, but offered to help me find it.Together, we looked

11、 around and finally found the notebook under my desk.I felt a bit embarrassed and said sorry.Eric smiled and said, “Dont worry.It happens.” His kindness helped me feel better.That day, I learned that understanding others and communicating calmly can solve problems and make our friendships stronger.2