北京市西城区2023届高三英语一模试卷（Word版附解析）.docx

1、2023届北京市西城区高三一模英语试卷第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 As a child growing up in the 1980s, Marlene Irvin took many trips to Joyland, an amusement park in her hometown of Wichita, Kansas. She got excited the moment her family drove into Joyland

2、s parking lot. “The carousel circling at the entrance to the park was always the_1_for me,” Marlene said. “I could watch the horses for hours.”Joyland certainly made a/an_2_ impression on Marlene, as she got her “first real job” years later at Wichitas Chance Manufacturing, the largest maker of amus

3、ement park rides in the world at the time. Marlene started in the fiberglass workshop, where the carousel horses frames, along with parts for Ferris wheels, roller coasters, and other rides, were pieced together. She_3_found her way to Chances art and decoration department, becoming one of the lead

4、horse artists. Then, after working at Chance for nearly fifteen years, Marlene decided to start her own business,focusing on carousel restoration.Around the same time, Joyland started experiencing a_4_ in attendance. At last, to the heartbreak of Wichitans young and old, Joyland_5_ after more than f

5、ifty years of operation. Local preservation organizations purchased some of the parks historical items, and Joylands thirty-six carousel horses were donated to Botanica, a Wichita-owned botanical garden. Botanica asked Marlene to_6_ the old, broken horses, and she accepted the challenge.As Marlene f

6、inished each horse, Botanica_7_ them for the public to see. Although they looked_8_compared to their glory (辉煌) days at Joyland, thanks to Marlenes artistic efforts, the horses impressed observers even more than they had before. When native Wichitans saw them, their most_9_question was: “Will we be

7、able to ride them?” Even as_10_, they remembered riding the horses at Joyland when they were kids.Marlene always smiled and answered: “Theyve been waiting for you to come back.”1. A. memoryB. dreamC. highlightD. comfort2. A. immediateB. lastingC. accurateD. general3. A. suddenlyB. definitelyC. hesit

8、antlyD. eventually4. A. declineB. breakC. boostD. return5. A. went downB. fell downC. got downD. shut down6. A. replaceB. rearrangeC. restoreD. reuse7. A. displayedB. movedC. protectedD. advertised8. A. modernB. differentC. attractiveD. unique9. A. basicB. unexpectedC. commonD. remarkable10. A. repa

9、irmenB. customersC. residentsD. adults【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Marlene Irvin帮助修复Joyland又旧又破的旋转木马，给人们留下了深刻的印象。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：公园入口处的旋转木马一直是最让我激动的。A. memory记忆；B. dream梦；C. highlight最好（或最精彩、最激动人心）的部分；D. comfort安慰。根据下文“I could watch the horses for hou

10、rs”可知，公园入口处的旋转木马一直是最让Marlene激动的。故选C。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Joyland无疑给Marlene留下了持久的印象，多年后她在Wichitas Chance Manufacturing（当时世界上最大的游乐园游乐设施制造商）得到了她的“第一份真正的工作”。A. immediate立刻的；B. lasting持久的；C. accurate准确的；D. general普遍的。根据上文“She got excited the moment her family drove into Joylands parking lot”可知，Joyland无疑给Ma

11、rlene留下了持久的印象。故选B。【3题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她最终进入了Chance的艺术和装饰部门，成为主要的马艺术家之一。A. suddenly突然；B. definitely肯定地；C. hesitantly犹豫地；D. eventually最终。根据下文“found her way to Chances art and decoration department”可知，她最终进入了Chance的艺术和装饰部门。故选D。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，Joyland的入场率开始下降。A. decline下降；B. break打破；C. boost提高；D. re

12、turn回来。根据下文“Local preservation organizations purchased some of the parks historical items, and Joylands thirty-six carousel horses were donated to Botanica”可知，Joyland的入场率开始下降。故选A。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最终，令Wichita的老老少少心碎的是，在运营了50多年后，Joyland关闭了。A. went down下来；B. fell down倒下；C. got down下来；D. shut down关闭。根据

13、下文“Local preservation organizations purchased some of the parks historical items, and Joylands thirty-six carousel horses were donated to Botanica”可知，Joyland关闭了。故选D。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Botanica请Marlene修复这些破旧马，她接受了挑战。A. replace代替；B. rearrange重新安排；C. restore修复；D. reuse再次使用。根据下文“the old, broken horses”可知

14、，旋转木马旧了，Botanica请Marlene修复这些破旧的马。故选C。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Marlene每完成一匹马，Botanica就把它们展示给公众看。A. displayed展示；B. moved移动；C. protected保护；D. advertised打广告。根据下文“for the public to see”可知，Marlene每完成一匹马，Botanica就把它们展示给公众看。故选A。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管由于Marlene在艺术上的努力，它们看起来与在Joyland的辉煌岁月相比有所不同，但它们给观察者留下的印象比以前更深刻。A. m

15、odern现代的；B. different不同的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. unique独特的。根据下文“compared to their glory (辉煌) days at Joyland”可知，它们看起来与在Joyland的辉煌岁月相比有所不同。故选B。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Wichita的人看到它们时，他们最常见的问题是：“我们能骑它们吗？”A. basic基本的；B. unexpected出乎意料的；C. common常见的；D. remarkable非凡的。根据上文“the horses impressed observers even more

16、 than they had before”可知，当Wichita的人看到它们时，他们最常见的问题是：“我们能骑它们吗？”。故选C。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使成年后，他们也记得小时候在Joyland骑过马。A. repairmen修理工；B. customers顾客；C. residents居民；D. adults成年人。根据下文“they remembered riding the horses at Joyland when they were kids”可知，句子表示“即使成年后，他们也记得小时候在Joyland骑过马”。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15

17、分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。My name is Barbara and I work at a department store. I _11_(work) there for one year when another Barbara joined the staff. Then I changed my name tag from “Barb” to “Barbie”. _12_made me feel funny was how small kids talked about me.

18、“Is she really Barbie?” they asked. I changed it at my other job, too and began answering the phone, “This is Barbie. How can I help you?” The callers have gotten used to that over time, ninety percent of _13_now respond with my name: “Barbie, can you tell me.” Pronouncing that long “e” sound forces

19、 your mouth into a smile, but I have found the smile is usually returned voluntarily.【答案】11. had worked 12. What 13. whom【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在一家百货公司工作时，另一位和作者同名的人也加入进来的趣事。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：我在那里工作了一年之后，另一个Barbara加入了工作。由“when another Barbara joined the staff”可知，当另一个Barbara加入了工作时，“我”已经工作一年了，空格处用过去完成时表

20、示动作发生在过去过去，因此空格处是had worked。故填had worked。【12题详解】考查主语从句。句意：让我觉得好笑的是小孩子们怎么谈论我。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处指“小孩子们怎么谈论我”这件事，因此空格处用what引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填What。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，来百货公司的的人已经习惯了，现在90%的人对我名字的反应是“芭比，你能告诉我吗？”空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词callers是人，因此空格处用whom，故填whom。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词

21、的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Its said that for the Englishman, his house is his castle. However, this does not mean that his house is a beautiful palace that others _14_ (invite) to see. For the British, the home is a place to protect oneself from the outside world. Its a private place in

22、 which he goes to hide away _15_ the troubles of life. To the American, the home is an expression of _16_ (he). Much money is often spent on each and every room _17_ (create) the right “feel” according to the persons lifestyle. Therefore, he is happy to show his house to others.【答案】14. are invited 1

23、5. from 16. himself 17. to create【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“房屋”对英国人和美国人分别意味着什么。【14题详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：然而，这并不意味着他的房子是一个美丽的宫殿，其他人都会被邀请来参观。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语others与invite为动宾关系，表示“被邀请”，故需要用到被动语态；文章为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态。故填are invited。【15题详解】考查介词。句意：这是他躲避生活烦恼的私人场所。结合句意，表示“躲避”为固定短语hide away from。故填from。【16题详解】考查反身代词。句意

24、：对于美国人来说，房屋就是表达他自己的一种方式。结合句意可知，空处需要填反身代词表示“美国人自己”；根据谓语动词is和宾语an expression可知，此处反身代词需要用单数形式，在性别有男有女时，用himself代指。故填himself。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通常会在每个房间都花很多钱，以根据人们的生活方式来创造一种合适的“感觉”。分析句子结构，谓语动词为is spent，故空处需要填非谓语的形式；结合句意，表示“来”为目的，故用to do不定式的形式。故填to create。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括

25、号内所给词的正确形式填空。Smoke jumpers are firefighters, trained to fight fires in places that fire engines cant reach. They travel in small planes and, _18_(use) a parachute, jump into remote wild areas to fight fires. Smoke jumpers have to respond quickly. While a fire is still small, the pilot _19_(drop) tea

26、m members into the area as needed. Their first job may be to build a fire line to stop the fire from spreading. Water is sent down to them. Smoke jumpers must be _20_(high) trained, very experienced and extremely fit. Their job is very dangerous.【答案】18. using 19. drops#will drop 20. highly【解析】【导语】本文

27、是一篇说明文。介绍了跳伞灭火工作人员的工作方式，内容和条件。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们乘坐小型飞机旅行，并使用降落伞跳入偏远的荒野地区灭火。分析句子成分可知，本句的谓语动词为“travel”和“jump”，连词为“and”，故提示词应为非谓语动词。照应主语“They”，为逻辑上的主动关系，故用doing形式作方式状语。故填using。【19题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：当火势还很小时，飞行员会根据需要将队员空投到该地区。分析句子成分可知，本句为“While”引导的时间状语从句，主将从现，故主句应用一般将来时。另外，本句也可理解为客观描述，可用一般现在时。故填drops/will d

28、rop。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：跳伞灭火员必须训练有素，非常有经验和非常健康。根据空前后为谓语动词“must be trained”可知，应为副词修饰动词。故填highly。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADear Teachers and Parents,This June, during Financial Literacy Month, we have some to share.In 2015, a free online financial

29、education course named FutureSmart was introduced to middle school students, specifically targeting this group at a time in their lives when financial habits take hold and grow.Fast forward to today, FutureSmart, available in English and Spanish, has reached over 13,000 schools across all 50 states.

30、 More than two million students have completed the course, with almost half coming from low-to-moderate income families.But we arent stopping there. We promise to reach four million more students by the end of 2025.Why? Because this moment calls for brave action. Never before have money management a

31、nd investment decisions been so easy to conduct at any time or place through the use of a smartphone. It is time to offer students more critical financial literacy education to encourage them to make good financial decisions on a daily basis as they make their way through a complex world.From weighi

32、ng opportunity costs to delaying instant satisfaction for long-term financial gain, FutureSmart educates our youth using hands-on simulations (模拟) to introduce concepts like daily financial decisions and the rewards of long-term planning. Teaching young learners how to build solid financial foundati

33、ons is an important step in building financially healthy communities.Although our work is far from complete, we know that FutureSmart works. And it works exceptionally well.In the largest study of its kind, supported by the MassMutual Foundation and EVERFI, the University of Massachusetts Donahue In

34、stitute (UMDI) recently concluded that 90% of students saw a statistically significant and educationally meaningful increase in knowledge after taking the FutureSmart course.Whats more, these results were consistent across all student demographics including race, age, gender, school year, and socioe

35、conomic status.We have a long way to go to reach every single middle school student, but we welcome the challenge. Together, our teams have started a movement to provide equal access to financial education, and we invite others to join us.Visit getfuturesmart com to learn more and see how you can br

36、ing FutureSmart to the young people in your life.MICHAEL FANNING RAY MARTINEZHead of MassMutual US President and Co-Founder of EVERFI21. The course FutureSmart .A. is offered in two different languagesB. requires skillful smartphone operationC. has been bought by a large number of schoolsD. targets

37、students from low-to-moderate income families22. How does FutureSmart introduce financial concepts?A. By establishing financially healthy communities.B. By managing opportunities and rewards.C. By simulating real-life situations.D. By delaying financial gain.23. After taking the course, the students

38、 should be able to .A. improve their academic performanceB. accept financial challenges at any timeC. understand people from various backgroundsD. build a stable financial foundation for the future【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。一门名为FutureSmart的免费在线金融教育课程被介绍给了中学生，该课程专门针对这一群体，旨在教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础。

39、【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Fast forward to today, FutureSmart, available in English and Spanish, has reached over 13,000 schools across all 50 states. (快进到今天，FutureSmart有英语和西班牙语版本，已经覆盖了美国50个州的13000多所学校。)”可知，FutureSmart课程以两种不同的语言提供。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段首句“From weighing opportunity costs to delaying instan

40、t satisfaction for long-term financial gain, FutureSmart educates our youth using hands-on simulations (模拟) to introduce concepts like daily financial decisions and the rewards of long-term planning. (从权衡机会成本到为了长期财务收益而推迟即时满足，FutureSmart通过实际模拟教育我们的年轻人，介绍日常财务决策和长期规划奖励等概念。)”可知，FutureSmart通过模拟现实情况引入金融概念

41、。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段末句“Teaching young learners how to build solid financial foundations is an important step in building financially healthy communities. (教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础是建立财务健康社区的重要一步。)”以及第七段“Although our work is far from complete, we know that FutureSmart works. And it works exceptionally well.

42、 (虽然我们的工作还远未完成，但我们知道FutureSmart是可行的。而且效果非常好。)”可知，FutureSmart课程是为了教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础，且效果非常好。所以，学习完课程后，学生应该能够为未来建立一个稳定的财务基础。故选D。BI was sitting in a chemistry lab class during my first year of university, nervous about the experiment we were to perform. I grabbed a pipette and, as I feared, my hand starte

43、d to shake. The experience was disheartening. I was hoping to pursue a career in science, but I started to wonder whether that would be possible. I thought my dreams had crashed to the ground. I was a boy born with brain damage. My family managed to find good doctors where we lived, in Leningrad (no

44、w St. Petersburg), Russia, and I took part in clinical trials testing new treatments. Shortly after my first birthday, I started walking and it became clear my intelligence function was unaffected. So, in some sense, I was lucky. Still, I couldnt do some things growing up. Both hands shook, especial

45、ly when I was nervous or embarrassed. My left hand was much worse than my right, so I learned to write and do simple tasks with my right hand, but it wasnt easy to do anything precisely.As a teenager, I faced a lot of bullying at school. Feeling alone, I joined a study group called “The natural worl

46、d”. I thought that getting into the world of animals would keep me away from people. Thats how I came into the field of biology. At university, I enjoyed the lectures in my science classes. Many lab tasks proved impossible, however. As I struggled with my mood, I read a book about depression. From t

47、hen on, the physiology of mental disorders became my scientific passion. I looked into what was being done locally and was excited to discover a lab that did behavioral experiments in rats to study depression.At the end of my second year, I approached the professor of the lab to see whether I could

48、work with her. I was afraid to admit I couldnt do some lab tasks. To my relief, she was completely supportive. She set me to work performing behavioral experiments for others in the lab with the help of colleagues. I loved the supportive atmosphere and stayed there to complete my masters and Ph.D.Iv

49、e come to realize that my hands arent the barrier I thought they were. By making use of my abilities and working as part of a team, Ive been able to follow my passions. Ive also realized that theres much more to being a scientist than performing the physical labor. I may not collect all the data in

50、my papers, but Im fully capable of designing experiments and interpreting results, which, to me, is the most exciting part of science.24. What was the authors dream?A. To live a normal life.B. To become a scientist.C. To get a masters degree.D. To recover from depression.25. The author said he was l

51、ucky in Paragraph 2 because .A. he didnt lose the function of both handsB. he learned how to walk at the age of oneC. his family could afford to see good doctorsD. his brain damage didnt affect his intellectual capacity26. From the passage, it is clear that .A. the authors own depression inspired hi

52、m to help others with mental disordersB. the author was surrounded by a team who urged him to further his studyC. the authors loneliness moved him towards the world of biologyD. the author finally finished the lab tasks on his own27. What message does the author want to express?A. Loving yourself ma

53、kes a difference.B. Opportunity follows prepared people.C. A bright future begins with a small dream.D. The sun somehow shines through the storm.【答案】24. B 25. D 26. C 27. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者天生脑损伤，但仍然梦想成为一名科学家。经历了重重困难，最终作者实现了自己的梦想。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was hoping to pursue a career in science, b

54、ut I started to wonder whether that would be possible. I thought my dreams had crashed to the ground.(我希望从事科学方面的职业，但我开始怀疑这是否可能。我以为我的梦想已经破灭了)”可知，作者的梦想是成为科学家。故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Shortly after my first birthday, I started walking and it became clear my intelligence function was unaffected. So, in s

55、ome sense, I was lucky.(在我第一个生日后不久，我开始走路，很明显我的智力功能没有受到影响。所以，在某种意义上，我是幸运的)”可知，作者说他在第二段是幸运的，因为他的脑损伤没有影响他的智力。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“As a teenager, I faced a lot of bullying at school. Feeling alone, I joined a study group called “The natural world”. I thought that getting into the world of animals wou

56、ld keep me away from people. Thats how I came into the field of biology.(十几岁的时候，我在学校遭遇了很多欺凌。感到孤独，我加入了一个名为“自然世界”的学习小组。我以为进入动物的世界会让我远离人类。这就是我进入生物学领域的原因)”可知，从文章中可以看出，作者的孤独使他走向了生物学的世界。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ive come to realize that my hands arent the barrier I thought they were. By making use of my abi

57、lities and working as part of a team, Ive been able to follow my passions. Ive also realized that theres much more to being a scientist than performing the physical labor. I may not collect all the data in my papers, but Im fully capable of designing experiments and interpreting results, which, to m

58、e, is the most exciting part of science.(我开始意识到我的手并不是我想象中的障碍。通过发挥我的能力和团队合作，我能够追随我的热情。我也意识到，作为一名科学家，除了从事体力劳动，还有更多的事情要做。我可能无法在论文中收集所有的数据，但我完全有能力设计实验并解释结果，对我来说，这是科学中最令人兴奋的部分)”结合文章讲述了作者天生脑损伤，但仍然梦想成为一名科学家。经历了重重困难，最终作者实现了自己的梦想。可推知，作者想要表达的是：阳光总会穿过暴风雨。故选D。CImagine a simple blood test that could flag most ki

59、nds of cancers at the earliest, most curable stage. Liquid biopsies could, in theory, detect a tumor (肿瘤) well before it could be found by touch, symptoms or imaging. Blood tests could avoid the need for surgeons to cut tissue samples and make it possible to reveal cancer hiding in places needles an

60、d scalpels cannot safely reach. They could also determine what type of cancer is taking root to help doctors decide what treatment might work best to destroy it.Liquid biopsies are not yet in hand, because it is hard to find definitive cancer signals in a tube of blood, but progress in recent years

61、has been impressive. Last year the journal Science published the first big prospective study of a liquid biopsy for DNA and proteins from multiple types of cancers. Though far from perfect, the blood test called CancerSEEK found 26 tumors that had not been discovered with conventional screenings.Liq

62、uid biopsies can rely on a variety of biomarkers in addition to tumor DNA and proteins, such as free-floating cancer cells themselves. But what makes the search difficult, Ana Robles, a cancer biologist of the National Cancer Institute, explains, is that “if you have an early-stage cancer or certain

63、 types of cancer, there might not be a lot of tumor DNA,” and tests might miss it. The ideal blood test will be both very specific and very sensitive so that even tiny tumors can be found. To tackle this challenge, CancerSEEK looks for cancer-specific mutations (突变) on 16 genes, and for eight protei

64、ns that are linked to cancer and for which there are highly sensitive tests.Simple detection is not the only goal. An ideal liquid biopsy will also determine the likely location of the cancer so that it can be treated. “Mutations are often shared among different kinds of cancer, so if you find them

65、in blood, you dont know if that mutation is coming from a stomach cancer or lung cancer,” says Anirban Maitra, a cancer scientist at the Anderson Cancer Center. To solve that problem, some newer liquid biopsies look for changes in gene expression. Such changes, Maitra notes, are “more organ-specific

66、”. On the nearer horizon are liquid biopsies to help people already diagnosed with cancer. Last year the government approved the first two such tests, which scan for tumor DNA so doctors can select mutation-targeted drugs. Scientists are working on blood tests to detect the first signs of cancer rec

67、urrence (复发) in patients who have completed treatment. This work is moving fast, but does it save lives?That is the question companies such as Thrive and Grail must answer for their broadly ambitious screening tests. “These companies have to prove that they can detect early cancer and, more importan

68、t, that the early detection can have an impact on cancer survival,” Maitra observes.28. According to the passage, liquid biopsies are expected to A. flag cancer and determine the treatmentB. detect cancer signals from a sample of bloodC. take images of tumors and prevent potential cancersD. show typ

69、es of cancer by measuring the amount of proteins29. What can we learn from the passage?A. Signs of cancer recurrence are not detectable.B. Different kinds of cancer have different gene mutations.C. Biomarkers are much more reliable than tumor DNA and proteins.D. Organ-specific cancers will be identi

70、fied through changes in gene expression.30. The author is mostly concerned about whether .A. liquid biopsies can discover tumors conventional screenings cant findB. liquid biopsies can improve the application of mutation-targeted drugsC. liquid biopsies can help save the lives of those with cancerD.

71、 liquid biopsies can be developed for cancer prevention【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了液体活检检测肿瘤的研究以及目前存在的一些不足之处。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Liquid biopsies could, in theory, detect a tumor (肿瘤) well before it could be found by touch, symptoms or imaging. (理论上，液体活检可以通过触摸、症状或成像能发现之前检测出肿瘤)”可知，液体活检，如血

72、样能够检测出肿瘤。故选B项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段后二句“To solve that problem, some newer liquid biopsies look for changes in gene expression. Such changes, Maitra notes, are “more organ-specific”. (为了解决这个问题，一些新的液体活检寻找基因表达的变化。Maitra指出，这种变化“更具器官特异性”)”可推测出，器官特异性的肿瘤将能通过基因表达上的变化被识别出。故选D项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“These compa

73、nies have to prove that they can detect early cancer and, more important, that the early detection can have an impact on cancer survival,” Maitra observes. (“这些公司必须证明他们能够检测到早期癌症，更重要的是，早期检测可以对癌症生存率产生影响。”Maitra说道。)”推知，作者关心的是液体活检是否有助于挽救癌症患者的生命。故选C项。DTechnology seems to discourage slow, immersive readin

74、g. Reading on a screen, particularly a phone screen, tires your eyes and makes it harder for you to keep your place. So online writing tends to be more skimmable and list-like than print. The cognitive neuroscientist Mary Walt argued recently that this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an inv

75、isible, game-changing transformation” in how readers process words. The neuronal circuit that sustains the brains capacity to read now favors the rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis. We shouldnt overplay this danger. All readers ski

76、m. Skimming is the skill we acquire as children as we learn to read more skillfully. From about the age of nine, our eyes start to bounce around the page, reading only about a quarter of the words properly, and filling in the gaps by inference. Nor is there anything new in these fears about declinin

77、g attention spans. So far, the anxieties have proved to be false alarms. “Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline,” the American author Selvin Brown wrote. “No one ever said that poems were evidence of short attention

78、spans.”And yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. For a start, it means that there is more to read, because more people than ever are writing. If you time travelled just a few decades into the past, you would wonder at how little writing was happening outside a classroom. And digita

79、l writing is meant for rapid release and response. An online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published. This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But often it treats other peoples words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder to say somet

80、hing else. Everyone talks over the top of everyone else, desperate to be heard.Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a social good and source of personal achievement. But this advocacy often emphasizes “enthusiastic”, “passionate” or “eager” reading, none of which adjectives

81、 suggest slow, quiet absorption.To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in the words and their slow comprehension of a line of thought. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he has done and just enjoys how his body

82、 feels and moves in water.The human need for this kind of deep reading is too tenacious for any new technology to destroy. We often assume that technological change cant be stopped and happens in one direction, so that older media like “dead-tree” books are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. I

83、n practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.31. What is the auth

84、ors attitude towards Selvin Browns opinion?A. Favorable.B. Critical.C. Doubtful.D. Objective.32. The author would probably agree that .A. advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow readingB. digital writing leads to too much speaking and not enough reflectionC. the public should be aware of t

85、he impact skimming has on neuronal circuitsD. the number of Internet readers is declining due to the advances of technology33. What does the underlined word “tenacious” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?A. Comprehensive.B. Complicated.C. Determined.D. Apparent.34. Which would be the best title for the pa

86、ssage?A. Slow Reading Is Here to StayB. Digital Technology Prevents Slow ReadingC. Screen vs. Print: Which Requires Deep Reading?D. Reading Is Not a Race: The Wonder of Deep Reading【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者对于慢阅读的看法，指出了慢阅读的重要性和好处，并指出科技不能改变人们对这种深度阅读的需求。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“No

87、r is there anything new in these fears about declining attention spans. So far, the anxieties have proved to be false alarms. “Quite a few critics have been worried about attention span lately and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline,” the American author Selvin Brown wrote. “No one e

88、ver said that poems were evidence of short attention spans.”(对注意力持续时间下降的担忧也不是什么新鲜事。到目前为止，焦虑被证明是虚惊一场。美国作家Selvin Brown写道：“相当多的评论家最近开始担心注意力持续时间，他们认为非常短的故事是文化衰落的标志。从来没有人说过诗歌是注意力持续时间短的证据。”)”可推知，作者对Selvin Brown的观点持赞成态度。故选A。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“And digital writing is meant for rapid release and response. An

89、online article starts forming a comment string underneath as soon as it is published. This mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But often it treats other peoples words as something to be quickly harvested as fodder to say something else. Everyone talks over the top of everyone els

90、e, desperate to be heard.(数字写作意味着快速释放和反应。一篇在线文章一经发表，就开始在下面形成一个评论字符串。这种写作和阅读的模式可以是互动的和有趣的。但它经常把别人的话当作可以迅速收获的素材，用来说别的东西。每个人都说得比别人多，渴望被别人听到)”可知，作者认同数字写作导致过多的表达，而缺乏足够的思考。故选B。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The human need for this kind of deep reading is too”以及后文“for any new technology to destroy”可知，tooto表示“太以至于不能”

91、，即人类对这种深度阅读的需求是如此坚定，任何新技术都无法摧毁。故画线词意思是“坚定的”。故选C。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle has not killed off the printed book any more than the car killed off the bicycle. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a

92、 fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.(实际上，旧技术可以与新技术共存。Kindle并没有消灭纸质书，就像汽车没有消灭自行车一样。我们仍然想要享受缓慢形成的思想和精心选择的词语。即使在一个快速发展的时代，也有时间进行慢速阅读)”可知，文章主要论述了作者对于慢阅读的看法，指出了慢阅读的重要性和好处，并指出科技不能改变人们对这种深度阅读的需求。因此A选项“慢阅读将会持续下去”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文中七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余

93、选项。Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. Its an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe._35_Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence.New research suggests young children dont seek help in school, even when they need it, for the same reason. Until

94、recently, psychologists assumed that children did not start to care about their reputation and their friends thoughts about them until around age nine.But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some

95、point, every child struggles in the classroom._36_To learn more about how children think about reputation, we created simple stories and then asked children questions about these situations to allow kids to showcase their thinking.Across several studies, we asked 576 children, ages four to nine, to

96、predict the behavior of two kids in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test._37_The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two kids as the

97、one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. And childrens expectations were truly “reputational” in nature-they were specifically thinking about how the characters would act in front of others.

98、 When assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it._38_Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. They should also help students realize asking questions in front of o

99、thers as normal, positive behavior. _39_Parents could point out how a childs question kicked off a valuable conversation in which the entire family got to talk and learn together. Adults could praise kids for seeking assistance. These responses send a strong signal that other people value a willingn

100、ess to ask for aid and that seeking help is part of a path to success.A. Kids could be afraid to ask their parents for help.B. Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable.C. In another study we told them that only one kid did poorly.D. Such reputational barriers likely require reputation

101、-based solutions.E. The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost.F. But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer.G. We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their c

102、lass to ask the teacher for help.【答案】35. E 36. F 37. G 38. D 39. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。给读者提供建议，如何解决孩子因为害怕在他人面前呈现自己的无能而不愿提问寻求帮助这一问题。【35题详解】上文“Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. Its an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe. (成年人在寻求援助时常常感到尴尬。这是一种会让人们感到情绪不安全的行为。)”指出，成年人不愿意寻求帮助，是因为会

103、让他们感到情绪不安全。下文“Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. (寻求帮助可能会让人觉得你在散播自己的无能。)”指出，寻求帮助会让人觉得你无能。选项E“The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost. (毕竟，当你问路的那一刻，你就表明你迷路了。)”延续上文，以问路表明自己的迷路这一例子呈现出为什么会让人感到情绪不安全，也呈现出下文所说的表明了“你”的无能，故符合语境。故选E项。【36

104、题详解】上文“But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom. (但我们的研究表明，早在七岁时，孩子们就开始将寻求帮助与在他人面前看起来无能联系起来。在某些时候，每个孩子都在教室里挣扎。)”指出，孩童也会讲寻求帮助和让他人觉得自己无能联系起来。选项F“But

105、 if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. (但是，如果他们因为同学在看而不敢寻求帮助，学习就会受到影响。)”进一步指出，如果孩子因为害怕呈现出自己的无能而不寻求帮助，这会带来不良影响。故选F项。【37题详解】上文“In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test. (在一项研究中，我们告诉孩子们，两个孩子在测试中都表现不佳。)”指出，在一个研究中，参与者得知了有

106、两个孩子在测试中表现不佳这一情况。选项G“We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. (然后，我们问这些角色中哪一个更有可能在课堂前举手向老师寻求帮助。)”延续上文，继续指出这个研究的下一个动作为：判断这两个孩子谁更有可能寻求老实的帮助。故选G项。【38题详解】下文“Teachers could give children more opportunities to see

107、k assistance privately. (教师可以给孩子们更多的机会私下寻求帮助。)”指出，教师应该多私下提供机会帮助孩子们。选项D“Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. (此类声誉障碍可能需要基于声誉的解决方案。)”指出，这类问题的解决需要一些特定的方案，下文是对这一表述的具体建议之一，故此句符合该语境要求。故选D项。【39题详解】上文“They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others

108、 as normal, positive behavior. (他们还应该帮助学生认识到在别人面前提问是一种正常的、积极的行为。)”指出，要教育学生认识到在他人面前提问是正常的行为。选项B“Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable. (寻求帮助甚至可以被认为是社会所需要的。)”指出寻求帮助是这会所需要的，这进一步佐证上文观点，让“在他人面前提问是正常积极的行为”这一观点根据可信度，符合语境。故选B项。第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文

109、，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。In Martin County, Florida, two non-profit organizations have come together to plant seeds of hope through community gardening. Recently, the House of Hope charity for the homeless and people with addictions and other mental health issues partnered with Project L.I.F.T. an organization

110、 that helps at-risk teens, to grow community gardens in four small towns across the county.The teens in Project L.I. F.T.s programmany of them aged 14-19 who are also struggling with addictions, managing mental health or legal issuesvisit the gardens every day after school where they grow seeds, mai

111、ntain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals. They take some of the produce home to their families but most is sent to House of Hope for the homeless community.Beyond the need for food, Project L.I.F.T. hoped the gardens would provide an educational opportunity for

112、 their teens.“Were trying to teach kids nutrition to deal with the health problemsdiabetes and obesityin our community, but when we get into the garden, now theyre doing hands-on stuff that really connects.” Bob Zaccheo, the executive director of Project L.I.F.T. tells Guideposts. org.The gardens al

113、so offer the teens professional skills that can help them find work later in their largely rural county. Beyond skills, this project has helped the teens find confidence and hope for their futures.So far, the four gardens around Martin County have generated 100 pounds of produce for House of Hope an

114、d the community at large. Although the amount of food cant meet the greater need of the area, the program is an opportunity to teach kids that the importance of giving back is just as valuable as the food theyre harvesting.“You see a major shift in the thinking of these kids,” Zaccheo says. “You see

115、 them giving. The kids are learning to give at a bigger level than theyve ever been able to give at before.”40. What kind of organization is Project L.L.F.T.?_41. What do the teens do when they visit the gardens?_42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and

116、 explain why.The four gardens were built only to provide an educational opportunity for at-risk teens._43. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else could at-risk teens learn through community gardening? Explain why. (In about 40 words)_【答案】40. An organization that helps at-risk tee

117、ns. 41. They grow seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals. 42. The four gardens were built only to provide an educational opportunity for at-risk teens.The four gardens were built to provide both food for homeless people and an educational opportunit

118、y for at-risk teens. 43. They can learn to cooperate with each other better and also learn to give back the love they have received during gardening and also pass that energy and love to others who need help.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了弗洛里达州马丁县的两个非营利组织联合起来，帮助了无数无家可归的、有毒瘾和其他精神健康问题的人。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段

119、“Recently, the House of Hope charity for the homeless and people with addictions and other mental health issues partnered with Project L.I.F.T.an organization that helps at-risk teens, to grow community gardens in four small towns across the county.(最近，针对无家可归者、有毒瘾和其他精神健康问题的人的慈善机构“希望之家”与帮助高危青少年的组织“l.

120、i.f.t.项目”合作，在全县的四个小镇种植社区花园。)”可知，Project L.I.F.T是一个帮助高危青少年的组织。故答案为An organization that helps at-risk teens.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“The teens in Project L.I. F.T. s programmany of them aged 14-19 who are also struggling with addictions, managing mental health or legal issuesvisit the gardens every day a

121、fter school where they grow seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals.(参加L.I. F.T计划的青少年其中许多年龄在14-19岁之间，他们也在与毒瘾作斗争，处理心理健康或法律问题每天放学后都会去花园，在那里他们种种子，维护和浇灌植物，收获农产品，并学习自己做饭。)”可知，他们在花园里会种种子，维护和浇灌植物，收获农产品，并学习自己做饭。故答案为They grow seeds, maintain and water plants,

122、 harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“They take some of the produce home to their families but most is sent to House of Hope for the homeless community.(他们把一些农产品带回家，但大部分都送到了无家可归者社区的希望之家。)”和第三段“Beyond the need for food, Project L.I.F.T. hoped the gardens would

123、 provide an educational opportunity for their teens.(除了对食物的需求，L.I.F.T.项目还希望菜园能为他们的青少年提供教育机会。)”可知，花园不仅仅是为了用来给高危青少年提供教育机会而建的，还用于给无家可归的人提供食物等。故答案为The four gardens were built only to provide an educational opportunity for at-risk teens. The four gardens were built to provide both food for homeless peopl

124、e and an educational opportunity for at-risk teens.【43题详解】开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：他们可以学会更好地相互合作，也学会回报他们在园艺过程中得到的爱，并将这种能量和爱传递给需要帮助的人。故答案为：They can learn to cooperate with each other better and also learn to give back the love they have received during gardening and also pass that energy and love to ot

125、hers who need help.第二节(20分)44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。最近你收到英国好友Jim的来信，得知他和朋友们骑车旅行一周的计划没有得到父母的许可，他感到非常沮丧。请你给Jim写一封回信，内容包括：1.表示安慰；2.给出建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_YoursLi Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Im sorry to hear that you didnt get your parents permission to go on a week-long bike trip with your friends

126、. Youre upset and Id like to give you some comfort and advice.As far as Im concerned, the most important thing that you need do now is have a good conversation with your parents, which is beneficial to your relationship. Besides, there is no need for you to be disappointed about this because your pa

127、rents just want to protect you from potentially dangerous situation.I hope you will get better in no time.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。最近你收到英国好友Jim的来信，得知他和朋友们骑车旅行一周的计划没有得到父母的许可，他感到非常沮丧。请你给Jim写一封回信，表示安慰，并提出建议。【详解】1.词汇积累失望的：disappointed/upsetdiscouraged建议：advicesuggestion有益的：benefici

128、alhelpful此外：besidesin addition2.句式拓展同义句转换原句：Youre upset and Id like to give you some comfort and advice.拓展句：Since youre upset, Id like to give you some comfort and advice.【点睛】高分句型1 As far as Im concerned, the most important thing that you need do now is have a good conversation with your parents, which is beneficial to your relationship. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)高分句型2 Besides, there is no need for you to be disappointed about this because your parents just want to protect you from potentially dangerous situation. (运用了because引导原因状语从句)