2020-2021学年新教材高中英语 课时作业23 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS Discovering Useful Structures（含解析）新人教版必修第一册.doc

1、UNIT 4 Natural disasters.阅读理解Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆). They can happen any time of a day, at any point during the year. But dont worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt. Only a few big ones hurt people. However, its important to know what to do when an earthquake is hap

2、pening.Do NOT go outside. You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings. If you are outside, stay away from buildings and power lines (输电线)Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture. Hold on to it. Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms

3、 and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing. Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.Keep away from windows, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building, and anything else that could fall and hurt you. Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake,

4、 not by the shaking itself.Also keep away from a fire. You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire.If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if its safe. Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops, and dont drive near bridges. Try not to stop by power lines or trees. The

5、se could fall and hurt you.本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对如何在地震中幸存下来和保护好自己几方面的讲解，使我们了解和提高了安全防范意识。1Most earthquakes are too _ to hurt people.AstrongBweak CdangerousDheavy答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句But dont worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt.可知大多数地震都很“微弱”，故答案选B。2From the passage，when an earthquake is ha

6、ppening，we should _.AStay under a big building BStay under a strong furnitureCStand by windowsDdrive near a big bridge答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furniture.可知地震发生时我们应该躲在桌子、椅子或其他结实的家具下，所以答案选B。3It isnt safe for you to _ while the earthquake is happening.Arun out of the

7、 buildingBstay in a corner of the buildingCcover your head with your armsDcover your mouth with a towel答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Do NOT go outside. You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings.以及第三段最后一句Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.可知地震期间不要出去会更安全一些，故答案选A。4

8、This passage tells us _.Ahow dangerous the earthquake isBhow to be safe in an earthquakeCwe shouldnt be afraid of the earthquakeDhow the earthquake comes into being答案：B解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句However, its important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening.以及下文每一段的第一句可知本文讲的是地震来了如何保护自己，故答案选B。.七选五T

9、he Science of Earthquakes _1_The surface of the earth is divided into different pieces. These are called tectonic plates (构造板块). When two plates suddenly slip past one another, an earthquake happens. This shakes the ground and everything on it.What cause earthquakes and where do they happen? _2_ The

10、y are inner core, outer core, mantle (地幔) and the earths crust (地壳). The crust and the top of the mantle make up a thin skin on the surface of the planet. But this skin is not all in one piece. It is actually made up of many tectonic plates. They are like puzzle pieces. These pieces are always slidi

11、ng around and bumping into each other. Sometimes their edges get stuck together. When this happens, the rest of the plate keeps moving. Eventually the edges come unstuck. _3_Why does the earth shake when there is an earthquake?Earthquakes send out waves in all directions. When they reach the earths

12、surface, they shake the ground. _4_ The P wave squeezes and stretches the earth. The S wave shake it up and down. _5_Scientists use special tools to record and measure earthquakes. These tools are called seismographs. Recordings from seismographs tell scientists when and where an earthquake took pla

13、ce. They can also tell scientists the size of an earthquake.AHow are earthquakes recorded?BThat is when an earthquake happens.CThere are different types of earthquake waves.DWhat is an earthquake?EThe earth has four main layers (层)FCan scientists predict earthquakes?GScientists can tell where an ear

14、thquake took place by studying the P and S waves.本文是一篇说明文。短文主要介绍了关于地震的一些知识。1D解析：由“The surface of the earth is divided into different pieces. These are called tectonic plates (构造板块). When two plates suddenly slip past one another, an earthquake happens. This shakes the ground and everything on it.”可知

15、，地球表面被分成不同的部分。这些被称为板块。当两个板块突然擦肩而过时，就会发生地震。这震动了地面和上面的一切事物。所以本段在向读者解释地震是什么也就是小题1本段标题的内容。故D选项“地震是什么”符合句意。故D选项正确。2E解析：由“They are inner core, outer core, mantle (地幔) and the earths crust (地壳)”可知，它们是内核、外核、地幔和地壳。所以小题2要总说“地球有四个主要层”。故E选项“地球有四个主要层”符合句意。故E选项正确。3B解析：由“These pieces are always sliding around and

16、bumping into each other. Sometimes their edges get stuck together. When this happens, the rest of the plate keeps moving. Eventually the edges come unstuck”可知， 这些碎片总是四处移动，互相碰撞。有时它们的边缘会卡在一起。当这种情况发生的时候，剩下的板块继续移动。最终边缘会松脱。所以以上这些都在说明小题3所要总结性表达的内容那就是地震发生的时候。故B选项“那就是地震发生的时候”符合句意。故B选项正确。4C解析：由“The P wave sq

17、ueezes and stretches the earth. The S wave shake it up and down.”可知，纵波挤压并拉伸地球。横波上下摇动地球。所以小题4要总说“地震波有不同的类型”，然后再具体说明。故C选项“地震波有不同的类型”符合句意。故C选项正确。5A解析：由“Scientists use special tools to record and measure earthquakes. These tools are called seismographs. Recordings from seismographs tell scientists when

18、and where an earthquake took place. They can also tell scientists the size of an earthquake.”可知，科学家使用特殊工具记录和测量地震。这些工具被称为地震仪。地震仪的记录告诉科学家地震发生的时间和地点。它们还可以告诉科学家地震的强弱。所以本段主要在讨论地震是如何被记录的也就是小题5本段的标题的内容。故A选项“地震是如何被记录的”符合句意。故A选项正确。.语法填空My family has lived in one big city after another because of my dads job.

19、 I love living in the city because I can find opportunities for culture, _1_ (educate), and entertainment. Now, I live in London. _2_ my free time, I can visit the museums, the zoo, cinema and community centers. I can also read good books in public _3_ (library) and bookshops. Besides, I can visit l

20、ovely and peaceful parks _4_ (relax) myself. However, some people who live in the country dont like to live in the city because they feel stressful, noisy and _5_ (crowd)I also like living in the country. I can feed cows, goats and chickens, and even learn to ride _6_ horse. I can also go on nature

21、walks, and explore forests, caves and beaches. However, some city people think country life is lonely because they think they _7_ (cut) off from the outside world. They are also more likely to be lonely when _8_ (live) in a big city.So it is hard to decide _9_ city life is better than country life o

22、r not. _10_ (actual), its not where you live but how you live that decides your happy life.本文是一篇议论文。文章作者通过讲述自己在城市和乡村的生活经历，说明了这样一个道理事实上，不是你在哪里生活，而是你如何生活，决定你的幸福生活。1education解析：考查名词。句意：我喜欢生活在城市，因为我可以获得文化、教育和娱乐的机会。介词for之后，用名词，所以填education。2In/During解析：考查介词。句意：在我的空闲时间，我可以参观博物馆、动物园、电影院和社区中心。文中表示“在期间”，所以填I

23、n/During。3libraries解析：考查名词单复数。句意：我也去公共图书馆和书店读好书。文中“公共图书馆”是复数，用名词复数，所以填libraries。4to_relax解析：考查不定式。句意：此外，为了放松我自己，我去令人愉快和宁静的公园游玩。文中表示“为了放松我自己”，所以用不定式作目的状语，填to relax。5crowded解析：考查形容词。句意：然而，生活在这座城市的一些人不喜欢生活在这座城市，因为他们感觉有压力、吵闹和拥挤。feel是感官动词，后面用形容词，所以填crowded。6a解析：考查冠词。句意：我能喂牛、羊和鸡，甚至学骑一匹马。文中泛指“一匹马”，horse的首字

24、母发音是辅音，所以填不定冠词a。7are_cut解析：考查时态和语态。句意：一些城市人认为农村生活很孤独，因为他们认为他们被和外部的世界分开了。表示主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，“他们”和“分开”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填are cut。8living解析：考查非谓语动词。live的逻辑主语是They，它们之间是主动关系，用现在分词作时间状语，所以填living。9whether解析：考查宾语从句。句意：很难决定城市生活是否比乡村生活更好。 _9_ city life is better than country life or not.是一个宾语从句。whether.or not是常用结构，所以填whether。10Actually解析：考查副词。句意：事实上，不是你在哪里生活，而是你如何生活，决定你的幸福生活。该空位于句首，修饰整个句子，用副词，所以填Actually。