2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮人教新课改省份专用讲义：选修8 UNIT 3 INVENTORS AND INVENTIONS WORD版含答案.doc

1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventions一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词省时高效.阅读单词(知其意)1patent n 专利证书；专利权2courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井3perfume n. 香水；香味4cube n. 立方体；立方5string n. 线；绳子；一串6greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果商(pl.)蔬菜水果店7jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱8microphone n. 麦克风；话筒9dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的10personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员11multiple adj. 多种

2、的；多样的；多类型的 n. 倍数12extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸.重点单词(写其形)1dial vt. 拨(电话)2claim n& vt. 要求；声称；主张3.abrupt adj.突然的；意外的4rainfall n. 降雨5forehead n. 额头6seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺7file n. 文件；档案；文件夹 vt. 提交；将归档8valid adj. 有效的；确凿的9ripe adj. 成熟的；熟的10bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担11tap vt.& vi. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头12stable adj. 稳固的；稳

3、定的；安定的13current n. (水或气)流；电流adj. 现在的；当前的14passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的15directory n. 电话簿；商行名录.拓展单词(通其变)1distinguish vi.& vt.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的2merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的merciless adj.残忍的；无情的mercy n宽恕；仁慈3product n产品produce v生产producer n生产者；制片人4convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的convenience n方

4、便；便利conveniently adv.便利地5caution n小心；谨慎cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地6expectation n预料；期待；期望expect v预料；期待；期望；认为7recognition n认出；认可；承认recognize vt.认出；承认8freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的freeze v冰冻frozen adj.冻结的9identification n鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明identify v确定；鉴别10innocent adj.清白的；天真的；无罪的innocence n天真；清白11occa

5、sionally adv.偶然地；不时地occasional adj.偶然的occasion n时机；机会；场合12associate vt.联想；联系 n同伴；伙伴association n联系；联盟；协会13practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的practice n& vt.实践；练习14merry adj.愉快的；高兴的merrily adv.高兴地；愉快地语境活用1He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution.You should get on with him cautiously.(cautio

6、n)2You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient,_that is, at his convenience. His house is conveniently near the bus stop.(convenient)3In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isnt any association between them.(associate)4If nobody can p

7、rove your innocence,_how can you say you are innocent？(innocent)5He is such a merciful man and always has mercy on those homeless animals but sometimes he can be merciless to those he doesnt like.(mercy) 6The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone but was expected to go out.(expect)7It is free

8、zing outside now, and more snow is falling on already frozen streets.(freeze)8This is my occasional visit to the theme park, in which I occasionally meet the cartoon characters I like most. (occasion)9Although there are many practical difficulties in learning oral English, you must keep practicing s

9、peaking every day. (practice)(二)练中记短语记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.ring_back回复电话2ring_off 挂断电话3set_about 开始；着手4now_and_then 偶尔；有时5set_out_(to_do) 开始(做)6call_up 给打电话；使想起7dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入8hang_on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住9out_of_order 次序颠倒；发生故障10get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过1.It was before I had time to speak

10、that he rang_off.2He has been diving_into the history of Chinese literature.3Benjamin Franklin set_about learning the printers trade at an early age.4After being divided into groups, we set_out to work at once.5After that, he knew he could get_through any emergency by doing what he could to the best

11、 of his ability.6If you hang_on for a while, I will go and see if I can find your mother.7Tell her Ill ring_back in a few minutes.8Every now_and_then you hear some bombs bursting.(三)仿写明句式以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when co

12、oled. 在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。连词过去分词。当被告知你对唐诗感兴趣时，我迫不及待地想向你推荐一本诗集。When_told_you_are_interested_in Tang poems, I cant wait to recommend a collection of poetry to you.2.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. (评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被

13、接受。so . that .引导结果状语从句。(2018浙江高考写作)通过做兼职工作，我已经积累了如此多的相关经验，以至于我认为我非常适合这项工作。I have accumulated so_much_related_experience_by_working_parttime_that I think Im well qualified for the work.3.Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occup

14、y your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。祈使句and/or .陈述句。希望今年夏天在训练营见到你，我们可以一起玩得很开心。Hope_to_meet_you_at_the_training_camp_this_summer_and we can have fun together.4.The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Wa

15、tson.授予专利是1876年，但五天之后贝尔才向他的助手华生发了第一个电话信息。it is/was not until .that强调句。(2015全国卷书面表达)直到下午四点我们才回到学校。It_was_until_4_oclock_in_the_afternoon_that we went back to our school.二、课堂重点深化1distinguish vt.& vi.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别自主体验单句语法填空(2017江苏高考)They can even distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female s

16、tranger. Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.As we all know, she has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.系统归纳(1)distinguish between A and B 区分A和Bdistinguish . from . 把与区分开来distinguish oneself as

17、作为而出名(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的be distinguished for . 因而出名be distinguished as . 作为而出名重点强化佳句时时写(2017全国卷书面表达)剪纸作为一种传统的艺术形式而出名，在中国有着1 500多年的历史。Papercutting is_distinguished_as_a_traditional_art_form in China, which has a history of more than 1,500 years.2bear vt.(bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；记住；生育；结果

18、实；带着自主体验写出下列句中bear的含义Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？负担；承担She couldnt bear the thought of leaving her parents.忍受She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.生育单句语法填空I cant bear young people casting (cast) away their youth.Obviously, we should bear in mind what we are supposed to d

19、o first in case of an emergency.系统归纳(1)bear doing/to do sth.忍受做某事bear sb./sb.s doing sth. 忍受某人做某事(2)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事bear/keep in mind that . 记住重点强化佳句时时写我们必须牢记中国是一个人口大国。We must always bear_in_mind_that China is a big country with a huge population.3associate vt.联想；联系n.同伴；伙伴自主体验单句语法填空If you

20、 associate with positivethinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success.There are many serious health problems which are associated (associate) with smoking.He always associates (association) the smell of those flowers with his happy childhood. 系统归纳(1)associate . with .使与联系起来associate w

21、ith sb. 与某人交往/联系be associated with 与有关(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；社团in association with 与联合/有关联重点强化佳句时时写(2017全国卷书面表达)这次展览是由当地政府和几个剪纸艺术家共同组织的。This exhibition was organized by the local government in_association_with_several papercutting_artists.僻义牢牢记Ive got a new job and a new set of work associate

22、s.同事1call up给打电话；使想起系统归纳call off取消；停止call for 要求；呼吁；需要；去接(某人)call at 拜访(某地)call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召；需求重点强化用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)The photo calls_up the story of my childhood. Dont let anything call_off your attention from your studies. As we all know, success in school calls_for much hard work.Mr.White called

23、_at my house after he finished his speech.易错对对碰(call off/call for)I will call_for you at 8 oclock at the school gate.佳句时时写如果你有时间的话，我就星期一请假去拜访你。Ill ask leave to_call_on_you on Monday if you can spare me the time.2get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽自主体验写出下列句中get through的含义I managed to get thro

24、ugh the task and the effort was worth it in the end.做完I couldnt get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then.设法联系上Luckily, the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through.通过The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his m

25、om for some more.用完系统归纳get (sth.) across (to sb.)使(某事)被(某人)理解get along with sb. 与某人相处；进展get away with sth. 携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事get over熬过；克服(困难)；从中恢复过来重点强化用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)How can I get it across to you how important this is?I think the problem can be got_over without muc

26、h difficulty.According to Lee, it was Bens carelessness that accounted for the accident. But Ben got_away_with his wrongdoing.佳句时时写(2018浙江高考写作)作为一个外向的女孩，我几乎和身边的每个人都相处得很好。As an outgoing girl, I nearly get_along_well_with_everyone_around_me. 3祈使句and陈述句教材原句Follow_it_up,_explore_all_around_it,_and befor

27、e you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.自主体验Follow_your_doctors_advice,_and you will get better soon.遵循医生的建议，你很快就会好的。It is really dangerous. One more step, and_the_child_will_fall_into the well.真危险，多走一步，这个小孩就会掉进井里。归纳点拨(1)祈使句and陈述句If .主句(2)祈使句or/or else/otherwi

28、se陈述句If .主句(3)名词词组and陈述句佳句背诵(增分要点句)(2018全国卷书面表达)Dont be too talkative, or you may leave a poor impression on others.(精彩收尾句)Give me a chance, and I will reward you with more.本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“科技发展与信息技术创新”子话题相对应一、话题语素积累多一点话题词汇记一记子话题(一)计算机温故浅易词汇mousekeyboardscreensoftwaremonitor printer speaker f

29、ile识记生疏词汇scanner n扫描仪hardware n硬件data n数据；资料 chip n芯片database n数据库 delete vt.删除adapter n适配器 breakabie adj.可破译的insert vt.插入 device n装置 operate vt.操作 handy adj.方便的creative adj.创新的 effective adj.有效的fingertips n指尖 positive adj.积极的子话题(二)网络温故浅易词汇Internetemailwebsiteconnect download clickchat information t

30、ransform识记生疏词汇access n进入；使用权digital adj.数字的microblog n博客 Facebook n脸书newbie n新人；新手 FAQ常见问题spam n垃圾邮件 hacker n黑客BBS电子公告板 Usenet新闻论坛fictional adj.虚构的 supervision n监管decipher v破译 password n密码常用词块忆一忆virtual net虚拟网highspeed broadband network 高速宽带互联网with the popularity of the Internet 随着网络的普及have access t

31、o/be accessible to 能使用edit text 编辑信息browse web pages 浏览网页communicate with 沟通rely on 依赖ITinformation technology 信息技术search engine 搜索引擎distract ones attention 分散某人的注意力have a negative effect 有负面影响electronic books 电子书send text messages 发短信tablet personal computer 平板电脑portable computer 便携式电脑chat online 网

32、上聊天surf the Internet 上网冲浪take advantage of 利用keep in touch with 和保持联系写作佳句背一背With the development of the Internet, many individuals favour online shopping because it is more convenient and can save time.You can shop as you like as the online shops are open 24 hours a day.I am convinced that human is

33、able to use the Internet properly and scientifically.二、“分步写作”表达准一点概要写作要点归纳精准化阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。I often hear parents say, “My child does not tell me anything.” Children go through certain periods, particularly during their adolescent years, when they find no proper reason to communicate with

34、their parents except when they have their most basic needs or their material desires.Adolescence, the period of childrens life when they are most vulnerable (脆弱的) to outside influences, is a relatively scary time for parents. Children of this age become the target of many negative influences while a

35、t the same time they are experiencing hormones that are raging out of control. But parents should not be fooled by their childrens rejection and rudeness. In fact, children expect the constant support, guidance, and influence from their parents.I come from a family where anger always lies just below

36、 the surface, waiting for an excuse to erupt. My parents often said that my sisters and I could tell them anything. Though they promised not to be angry at whatever we would say, they couldnt do it. Without the emotional support from my parents during my most vulnerable years, I often found myself l

37、osing my temper easily and even doing risky behavior.There is no certain standard about parenting, but I knew exactly what I should not do after I became a parent. I knew the importance of establishing open communication and trust, which resulted in my proper reactions and my childrens trust.Our hom

38、e is a quiet place, a shelter for my childrens emotional wellbeing. My children can freely share with me what happened in their lives, whether good or bad, shocking or humorous. As their mother, I rarely raised my voice and my reactions to their telling about their improper behavior remained calm, n

39、o matter how I felt inside.Parenting was far from easy. It took patience, persistence, and consistency. Everyone hopes for good relationships with their children, and everyone can have them. The theory is simple: trust is the lock communication is the key.写作步骤第一步：归纳主旨大意主旨大意：本文是议论文。作者通过讲述自己青少年时期的经历及自

40、己做了母亲后与孩子的互动，论述了应该如何成为合格的父母。短文结构分析：全文分为四个部分。第一部分(第一段)：父母抱怨处于青春期的孩子不和自己交流；第二部分(第二、三段)：父母不要被青春期孩子的表面做法所迷惑；第三部分(第四、五、六段)：我青少年时期的家庭成长环境以及我为人母之后的做法；第四部分(第七段)：如何成为好的父母。第二步：提炼关键词Part 1：1.I often hear parents say, “My child does_not_tell_me_anything.” 2Children go through certain periods, particularly durin

41、g their adolescent years.Part 2：3.Adolescence, the period of childrens life when they are most vulnerable to outside_influences,_is a relatively scary_time for parents.4Children of this age become the_target_of_many_negative_influences while at the same time they are experiencing hormones that are r

42、aging out of control. Part 3：5.I knew the importance of establishing_open_communication_and_trust,_which resulted in my proper reactions and my childrens trust.6My children can freely share with me what_happened in their lives.Part 4：7.Everyone hopes for good_relationships with their children, and e

43、veryone can have them.8The theory is simple: trust is the lock communication is the key.第三步：合并和改写1要点1和2合并：Many parents feel puzzled at their childrens behavior when they go through certain periods, particularly during their adolescent years.改写：Many parents feel puzzled about what_to_do_with their ad

44、olescent children.2要点3和4合并：Adolescence is a relatively scary time for parents because it is likely that children of this age are influenced by hormones and something negative. 改写：Adolescence is scary for parents because their children are_likely_to be influenced by hormones and something negative.3要

45、点5和6合并：It is important to establish open communication and trust, and children can freely share with us what happened in their lives.改写：To solve the problem, parents should know their childrens true_thoughts and needs clearly.4要点7和8合并：The two important factors in building good relationships with the

46、ir children for parents are trust and communication.改写：Trust_and_communication are two important factors in building good relationships with their children for parents.第四步：核查成文核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词；核查标点和语法；核查词数。最终成文如下：Many_parents_feel_puzzled_about_what_to_do_with_their_adolescent_children._(要点1)Adoles

47、cence_is_scary_for_parents_because_their_children_are_likely_to_be_influenced_by_hormones_and_something_negative._(要点2)_In_fact,_to_solve_the_problem,_parents_should_know their_childrens_true_thoughts_and_needs_clearly._(要点3)_Trust_and_communication_are_two important_factors_in_building_good_relatio

48、nships_with_their_children_for_parents._(要点4)一、复现单元考点增强备考信心.高考中的语法填空1(2018浙江高考)No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished (distinguish) writer.2(2018江苏高考)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be emailing each other, for we will have developed

49、more convenient (convenience) electronic communication tools by then.3(2017江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations (expect), which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.4(2014江苏高考)Most positive emotions are associated (associate) with appro

50、ach behaviour: we move closer to people we like.5(2014湖北高考)Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I cant seem to get through.6(2014四川高考)The manager was satisfied to see many new products (product) developed after great effort.高考中的完形填空(选用dist

51、inguished, seize, practical, cautiously, get through填空)1(2015江苏高考完形填空)Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to _39_ my own cancer experience？get_through 2(2014重庆高考完形填空)All our shared life, I was the “artist”， bringing to our house much imagination. Steve was

52、the “_18_” one. He had a real gift for handling chores (家务活), sheltering me from unpleasant repair jobs.practical3(2014山东高考完形填空)The owner stormed over, _15_the bird, took it into the “black room”， shook it a bit, pulled out a few feathers, and said, “Dont ever, ever say anything to embarrass my cust

53、omers again. You got that！”seized4(2012陕西高考完形填空)Sitting on a rock and wondering what to do, she began crying.After a while, she decided to walk along a wide path lined with tall trees and thick bushes. When it was getting dark, she saw a small, dark wooden house. She opened the door and _30_ stepped

54、 in.cautiously5(2010江苏高考完形填空)My father introduced me to her with these words: “I would like you to meet the fellow who is _37_ for being the worst boy in this county and will probably start throwing rocks at you no later than tomorrow morning.”distinguished二、复现话题词汇提高阅读准度新高考下的命题新视角：“科普知识与现代技术”包括计算机与网

55、络技术、最新发明、前沿科技等子话题。科学技术的发展正在影响着你我的生活，更是高考常考话题；回顾历年高考，有关该话题的选材俯拾皆是，因此对此话题应给予足够重视。话题感悟学习目标 语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)(2018北京高考)Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation (航空) Center1If youre looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be.The Cente

56、r offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with handson tasks and lots of fun.2More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to

57、 be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with realworld applications for what theyre studying in the classroom.3For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges (荣誉徽章)At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, lea

58、rn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a variety of flight sim

59、ulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water and landsurvival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.4With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigg

60、er task.5All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.6Stay an hour or stay a week there is something here for everyone!7For more details, please visit us online at www. .语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

61、文中作者介绍了一个航空航天中心培训项目的相关内容。其目的在于激发人们的航天梦，让人们积极参与进来。1Why do people come to SAC?ATo experience adventures.BTo look for jobs in aviation.CTo get a degree in engineering.DTo learn more about medicine.解析：选A细节理解题。根据本文标题以及第一段第一句“If youre looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is

62、the place to be.”可知，人们去航空航天中心是为了体验太空冒险项目，故选A。2To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to _.Afly to spaceBget an Aviation badge firstCstudy the principles of flightDbuild and fire model rockets解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they buil

63、d and fire model rockets”可知，参加培训的人为了得到太空探险荣誉徽章需要建造和发射火箭模型，故选D。3What is the most important for trainees?ALeadership.BTeam spirit.CTask planning. DSurvival skills.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四段“With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.”可知，在所有的培训项目中，团队合作精神最为重要。故选B。学习目标 题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透掌握干扰项的五大特征，迅速确定正确选项(1)无生有：选项在原文中没有涉及；(2)事实反：选项与原文表述明显不一致；(3)范围变：选项所涵盖的内容比原文所涵盖的内容扩大或缩小；(4)对一半：选项中有一部分内容和原文相符；(5)偷梁换：和原文相比，选项存在偷换概念的现象，如上文第1题中的B、C、D三项。