2021届高考英语一轮复习 基础语法精讲及真题练习 专题10 名词性从句（含解析）.docx

1、高考分析 名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目，主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年高考试题不难发现，连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外同位语从句中，经常考查that的用法。除此之外，it作形式主语和形式宾语代替主语从句和宾语从句其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。专题10 名词性从句一、名词性从句概览二、语法详解名词性从句相当于名词，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，分别为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例句：1. That everything in the world changes was often a theme in poetry of the Romantic

2、 Movement. (主语从句)2. I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet.（宾语从句）3. He is not what he was a few years ago.（表语从句）4. I have no idea what hes talking about.（同位语从句）（一） 名词性从句的引导词（二） 引导词的用法(1) 以that引导的从句1. 主语从句 ：that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：句型例句It+be+形容词（obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonder

3、ful,funny，possible，likely，probable等）+that从句It is certain that she will do well in her exam.It+be+名词(词组)（no wonder, an honor, a pity, no surprise等）+that从句It is surprise that our team has won the game.It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, suggested等)+that从句It is said that Mr. Green has arrived

4、 in Beijing.2. that从句作宾语从句(常可省略that)Do you know (that) he has joined the army?1. that引导的宾语从句有宾补时，经常用it作形式宾语，将that引导的宾语从句后置。makethink +it+宾补+that从句consider等例句：He has made it clear that he will not give in.2. that 引导的宾语从句一般不跟在介词后。如果需要，一般先用it作形式宾语。 例句：You may depend on it that I shall always help you.3

5、. that 引导的从句作表语从句、同位语从句从句用法例句表语从句that从句作表语从句，that一般不可省略。The trouble is that we are short of funds.同位语从句that从句作同位语从句，that不可省略I didnt receive the news that the meeting had been put off.4. that引导同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别从句用法例句同位语从句1. 对前面的名词起补充说明的作用2. 同位语从句不缺任何成分The news that our football team won the match

6、was encouraging.定语从句1. 对先行词起修饰限制的作用2. 定语从句成分残缺The news that we heard on the radio was not true.练习说出that引导的是什么从句1. My idea is that we should do it right now.2. She wont believe that he has become a thief.3. That he is a famous singer is known to us.4. I knew the news that our team won the match5. His

7、 suggestion is that we should finish the work at once.应注意的问题that的用法 1. 在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中一般不能省略。 2. 在宾语从句中有时可以省略，但是要特别注意以下两种情况：l 当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省略。例如：They share little in common except that they are from the same country.l 当主句谓语动词后连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的不能省略。例如：I believe (that) youve don

8、e your best and that things will improve.(2) 以whether/if(是否)引导的从句用法：whether可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句 if可以引导不位于句首的主语从句和宾语从句1. 只用whether不用if的情况情况例句引导位于句首的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时Whether it is true remains a question.The question is whether we should go on with the work.引导为了强调而置于句首的宾语从句时Whether he will come I a

9、m not sure.Whether he is married I dont know.从句作介词或discuss的宾语时It depends on whether you can do the work well.We are discussing whether we will accecpt his offer.与or not直接连用或与or连用时I dont care whether or not he comes.It makes no difference whether he comes or leave.后加不定式I dont know whether to go there

10、.用if容易产生歧义时Please let me know whether you need help.注意：1. 用it作形式主语把主语从句后置时，whether和if都可。 2.宾语从句为否定句时，只用if不用whether。I dont care if he doesnt come. 请用if / whether填空：1、I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is saf

11、e.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon.(3)连接代词/副词引导的从句引导词类别常见引导词作用连接代词what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever有词义；在从句中担任成分，作主语

12、、表语、宾语或定语等连接副词how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever有词义；在从句中担任成分，作状语例句：1.What worries us most is who let out the secret.2.Whoever breaks the law should be punished.3.Go and get your coat. Its where you left it.4.I have no idea how I can get to the railway station. 5.Thats why I want you

13、to work there. 6. Wherever he goes makes his parents worry.注意：what、who与whatever、whoever的区别区别例句What、who是指具体的人或物，有特指的含义I want to know what he has told you.Who made the call is not important.Whatever、whoever表示任何一个人或事物，有泛指的含义。Whatever he likes will be given to him.Whoever did this job must be rewarded.名

14、词性从句练习一、 单句语法填空1(201811月浙江高考)It is possible _ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.2(2017天津高考改编)She asked me_ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.3(2016北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is_ one can be entirely free from dust.4(2016天津高

15、考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.5(2016江苏高考改编)It is often the case_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.6(2018全国卷)Im not sure_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.7(

16、2018北京高考改编)This is _ my father has taught me to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 8(2018北京高考改编)Without his support, we wouldnt be_ we are now. 9(2018天津高考改编)The gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bicycle race. 10(2018江苏高考改编)By boat is the only way to get here, w

17、hich is_we arrived. 11(2017北京高考改编)Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.12(2017北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing_she was heading.13(2017江苏高考改编)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of_it

18、 used to charge.14(2016北京高考改编)Your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.15(2015全国卷)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.16(2014广东高考)I didnt understand _ this would happen and my credit ca

19、rd had already been charged for the reservation.答案：1.解析：that分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。2.解析：whether/if句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认说我还没有还。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用；又根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故用whether或if引导宾语从句。3.解析：that句意：雨季最令人高兴的事情就是人们可以完全远离灰尘。分析句子结构可知，本句包含一个表语从句，且表语从句中句子结构完整，故使用that引导表语从句，

20、that在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。4.解析：that句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，故填that。5.解析：that句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整，故使用that引导。6.解析：who分析句子成分，空格处作从句的主语，根据后面的“me or the female gorilla”可知，作者把自己和大猩猩作对比，表示“我不知道我和大猩猩谁更害怕”，故填who。7.解析：what句意：这就是父亲教给我的永远

21、面对困难并且寄予最大的希望。表语从句中动词taught缺少直接宾语， 且表示“的东西”，故填what。8.解析：where句意：要是没有他的帮助，我们就不会是现在的情形了。空处引导表语从句，表示的是具有抽象意义的地点，故用where引导。9.解析：whoever句意：这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。从句中缺主语且表示“人”，因此填whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。10.解析：how句意：坐船是到达这里唯一的方式，我们就是这样来的。how 引导表语从句，表示方式。11.解析：whoever句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮风筝的人将会获奖。根据句子结构和句意可知，主

22、语从句中缺少表示人的主语，故填whoever。12.解析：where句意：简在绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，不知道她要去哪里。本句考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，根据句意和句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连词， 故填where。13.解析：what句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。此处考查宾语从句的引导词，在of后面what既引导宾语从句，又在从句中作charge的宾语。14.解析：Whatever句意：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，你们做的任何事情都有帮助。根据句意和结构可知，whatever引导的是主语从句，主语从句中缺少谓语动词do的宾

23、语，表示事物， 故用Whatever引导。15.解析： how分析句子结构可知，空格处是一个宾语从句。空格后的thick为形容词，因此空格处应用副词，故填how。16.解析：why根据语境可知，“我”不知道/不明白为什么会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引导宾语从句。二、 单句改错1(2015全国卷)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.2(2016全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaur

24、ant close to that I live.3How I do every day is to listen to lectures, take notes and do my homework, which seems to be endless.4I also feel grateful to my dad just because of which he has been doing for me ever since.5Whenever I want to see it, that I must do is to close my eyes, and it will appear

25、 in front of me.6The police told him what it had happened: his car had been on a private parking lot and had been taken away by the police.7To make matters worse, I had to share a double room with someone I did not know, despite the fact I had paid for a single room.8As the College Entrance Examinat

26、ions will be held in June, the students should make full use of time to review that what they have learned.9How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on what he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.10Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is that he never finishes anyt

27、hing.答案解析1. 解析：wherethat或去掉wherefound后是一个宾语从句，不缺少句子成分且句意完整，所以不能用where，应该用that引导，that也可省略。2. 解析：thatwhere分析句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。3. 解析：howwhat 分析句子结构可知引导主语从句的连接词在从句中作宾语，所以不能用how，应该用what引导。4. 解析：whichwhat 分析句子结构可知，介词of之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺宾语，故用what引导。5. 解析：thatwhat 引导主语从句的连接词在从句中作do的宾语，故

28、不能用that引导，应该用what。6. 解析：去掉it 分析句子成分可知what引导的从句为宾语从句，在从句中作主语，与it作主语重复，故去掉it。7. 解析：fact后加that 根据句子结构可知fact后的从句为同位语从句，从句句子成分完整，用that引导不可省略。8. 解析：去掉that 分析句子成分可知review后的从句为宾语从句，出现两个引导词，故需去掉其中之一，分析从句可知从句的引导词需要作宾语，故去掉that。9. 解析：whatwho 根据句意可知，引导从句的引导词指的是人，故用who来引导。10. 解析：thatbecause 分析句意可知，表语从句句子成分完整，但句意不完整，缺少原因状语，故应将that该为because。