专题06 现在完成时-2020-2021学年八年级英语下学期期末专项复习(外研版).doc
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1、专题06 现在完成时第一部分 语法常见考法:对于现在完成时的考查,多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中,会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时,或者是考查瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用这一知识点。现在完成时基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词)+宾语.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他)过去分词变化规则如下:1. 规则
2、动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点:(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加-ed 。workworkedworkedvisitvisitedvisited(2)以 e 结尾的动词,只在词尾加-d 。 livelivedlived (3)以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,将 y 变为 i ,再加-ed 。studystudiedstudiedcrycriedcried(4)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed 。stopstoppedstoppeddropdroppeddropped2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。
3、cutcutcutithithit现在完成时用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响照片不在这里。2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示),常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用,谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在
4、这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)注意:for和since的用法。for + 时间段 译为:时间since + 过去一个时间点(译为:自从以来)since + 时间段 + agosince + 从句(过去时)It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)注意:瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose.)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时,要改变成延续性动词。变化如下:come/arrive/reach/get tobe in go outbe out finishbe over openbe open diebe dead buyha
5、ve Fall illbe ill Come backbe back Put onbe on/wear Worrybe worried Catch a coldhave a cold现在完成时连用的时间状语现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态,因此,具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段,since+时间点。如:We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从195
6、8年起就住在这个城市里。从以上两个例句我们可以看出,与表示一段时间的状语连用时,谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用,如already, never, ever, just等。如:Ive just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊!我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。3. 与表
7、示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用,如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如:How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何?The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗?The Browns hav
8、e visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止,布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。注意:现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等现在完成时与一般过去时区别1. 侧重点不同现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去,但它们所强调的重点不同:现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响;而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间,即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果,而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如:I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影
9、。(现在我仍记得电影的内容)I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。(强调是三天前,而不是别的什么时候看的电影)Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。(着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑)Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。(强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天)2. 时间状语不同现在完成时常与already,yet,just,ever,never,before等副词以及for+段时间,since+过去时间/从句等时间
10、状语连用;而一般过去时则常与时间段+ago,just now,yesterday,last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如:She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。第二部分 现在完成时专项训练一、单项选择1Will you go
11、to see the film with me tonight? Sorry, I wont. Because I _ it twice.AseeBsawChave seenDwill see2No one _ Mars yet, because Mars is very far away.Ahas gone toBhas been toCgoes toDwent to3I _ much exercise since I got my computer.Adont doBdidnt doChavent doneDhasnt done4I _ lots of speaking competiti
12、ons but havent won any prizes.Awill enterBhas enteredChave enteredDenters5Look! My mother _ a new dress for me.Wow, it looks very nice on you.Ais makingBhas madeCwill makeDmade6My English teacher _ to many countries, so she knows a lot of different cultures.Ahas beenBhas goneCis goingDwill go7My fri
13、ends new restaurant in Wanda Plaza _ two years ago, but I_there so far.Ahas opened; havent beenBwas opened; havent beenCopened; havent goneDhas been open; havent gone8Lily, why are you still here? School is over for half an hour.Because I _ my job yet. I still need one more hour.Awont finishBhavent
14、finishedCdidnt finishDdont finish9How long have you worked in this hospital?_2015.ABeforeBSinceCThenDAfter10Have you washed the clothes _?Yes, I have _ washed them.Ajust; alreadyByet; alreadyCyet; onlyDalready; yet11Would you like to see the film with me?No, I _it twice this week.AseeBhave seenCsawD
15、will see12Richard _ the bike for two months. now he rides to work every day.Ahas boughtBboughtChas hadDhad13Mike and Clare _ Shanghai to enter a competition. they are coming back next week.Ahave gone toBhave been toChas gone toDhas been to14I_ the dog for three months now.Ahas had Bhave Chave had Dh
16、ave bought15A spaceship _to Mars. It has not come back_ .Ahas gone ; yetBhas been ; alreadyChas gone ; alreadyDhas been ;ever16 Its time to work now. OK. Ill wake Carl up. He for an hour.Ahas fallen asleepBhas been asleepCfell asleepDfalls asleep17.My parents _ America for 50 years.Ahave been inBhav
17、e been toChave gone toDhave been18What are you going to do this weekend? I _ yet.Ahavent decidedBwont decidedChave decidedDdidnt decided19I havent _ from my pen friend for a long time.Aheard a letterBhear a letterCheardDhear20-Wheres your father? -He _ to work.Ahas goneBwentChas beenDwill go21Pete t
18、hat camera for five years.Ais buyingBboughtChas boughtDhas had22He an engineer since he from the university.Ais; graduatesBwill be; graduatesChas been; has graduatedDhas been; graduated23Wanda Plaza _ for many years, but I _ there only once.Ahas opened; have goneBhas opened; have beenChas been open;
19、 have goneDhas been open; have been24Where is your father, Jack? He_to New York on business. He_ the airport at 5 a.m.Ahas gone; has left forBhas been; has left forChas gone; left forDhas been; left to25Do you know where Miss Li is? Oh, she_Beijing and she_to Shanghai tomorrow.Ahas been to; will goB
20、has gone to; will goChas been to; cameDhas gone to; came26They _ten years ago. This year they_ for ten years.Amarry, got marriedBgot married, have marriedCgot marry, marriedDgot married, have been married二、完成句子27我还没有在英语书封皮上写名字。I havent _ _ my name on the cover of my English textbook.28那位女教师已经赢得了所有孩子
21、的心。The woman teacher has _ the _ of all the children.29她买这辆自行车大约两年了。She _ _ the bike for about two years.30我从没看过4D电影。I_ 4D films.31自从上个月我就没看到你。I _ last month.32当地人过去住在旧房子里,但是现在,他们中大部分已经搬进了新大楼。Local people_,but now, most of them_.33你尝过这种巧克力吗?_ you _ this kind of chocolate?34迈克从五岁生日起就没有回过家乡。Mike _ _ b
22、ack to his hometown since his _ birthday.35我刚刚听说这个消息。I _ just _ the news.参考答案1C【详解】句意:今天晚上你和我一起去看电影吗?对不起,我不去,因为我看过两次了。考查时态。根据上句邀请去看电影,回答不去,可知看过两次,造成的结果是知道电影内容了,不需要看了,所以用现在完成时态,结构是have/has+过去分词;故选C。2B【详解】句意:还没有人去过火星,因为火星非常远。考查现在完成时态。has gone to 现在完成时态;has been to 现在完成时态;goes to一般现在时态;went to一般过去时态;根据
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