新教材2020-2021学年英语人教版（2019）必修第三册学案：UNIT 5 SECTION Ⅰ　LISTENING AND SPEAKINGREADING AND THINKING WORD版含解析.doc

1、UNIT 5THE VALUE OF MONEYMark Twain (18351910), one of the best known American writers in the 19th century, was born in Missouri in the middle part of the United States.Mark Twains hometown lay on the banks of the Mississippi River, where he spent his childhood.When he grew up he worked as a pilot on

2、 a river boat for some time.Mark Twain is his pen name.He took it from the shout of the sailors measuring the depth of the water when the water was two marks deep on the lead line.Mark Twain wrote a lot of novels, one of which is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, the masterpiece which brought him fame a

3、nd honor.Some of his writings have been translated into many languages.He and his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.开启快乐学习之旅马克吐温(18351910)生于美国密苏里州。他是美国19世纪著名的作家之一。他的家乡位于密西西比河畔。成年后，他曾在密西西比河的船上当水手。马克吐温是他的笔名，由水文测量标上“两个刻度(two marks)”而得。他写过很多小说。其中最著名的是汤姆索亚历险记(The Adventures of Tom Sa

4、wyer)。他的作品被译成多国文字，深受世界读者喜爱。模块核心素养导航Section Listening and Speaking，Reading and Thinking.重点单词1basis n基础；根据；基点base n基础basic adj.基础的2loan n贷款；借款3plastic n塑料 adj.塑料制的；塑料的4apologise vi.道歉；谢罪apology n道歉，致歉5ignore vt.忽视；对不予理会ignorance n无知；愚昧ignorant adj.愚昧的，无知的6judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断 n法官；审判员；裁判员judgement n看

5、法；判决；判断7scene n(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面scenery n风景，景色(总称)8narrator n(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者；讲述者；(电视节目中的)幕后解说员9narration n叙述；讲述；解说10bet n打赌；赌注 vi.&vt.下赌注；用打赌 vt.敢说11servant n仆人；用人12sail vi.& vt.(船)航行；(人)乘船航行sailor n. 船员；水手13spot vt.看见；注意到；发现 n地点；处所；斑点；污迹14dare vi.&modal v胆敢；敢于15sort n种类；类别16patience n耐心；忍耐力；毅力patient

6、adj.耐心的 n病人patiently adv.耐心地17indicate vt.&vi.表明；显示 vt.象征；暗示indication n象征；迹象18beneath adv.& prep.在(或往)下面；在的表面之下19postpone vt.延迟；延期；延缓20odd adj.奇怪的；怪异的；反常的.重点短语1on the basis of在的基础上；根据2take out a loan取得贷款3in return作为回报；作为回应4make a bet打个赌5as a matter of fact事实上；其实；说真的6by accident偶然地；意外地7to_be honest说

7、实话；坦率地说8ought to应该；应当9be about to do sth.即将或正要(做某事)10care about关心；在乎；在意11show sb. out领某人出去12not.until.直到才.重点句型1About a month ago，I was sailing，and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.大约一个月前，我正在航行，天快黑的时候，我发现我被一阵强风刮到了海里。2And it was the ship that brought you to England.正是那艘

8、船把你带到了英国。3If this is your idea of some kind of joke，I dont think its very funny.如果你们认为这是一个笑话，我可一点儿也不觉得好笑。4You cant open it until two oclock.直到两点你才能打开它。1 basis n基础；根据；基点典型例句His research formed the basis of his new book.他的研究成果是他这本新书的基础。Their view had no basis in fact.他们的观点没有事实根据。思维拓展on the basis of 在的

9、基础上；根据We judge a worker on the basis of his performance.我们根据工作表现来评价一个工人。易混辨析basis, basebasis用来指非物质方面的基础base主要用于指物质方面的基础the economic basis 经济基础(抽象)the base of a building 建筑物的基础(具体)即学即练We drew this conclusion on the basis of experiments.2 典型例句I think you should apologise to your brother. 我觉得你应该给你弟弟赔个不

10、是。We apologise for the late departure of this flight.本航班起飞延迟，谨致歉意。I apologised to her for stepping on her foot carelessly.我因不小心踩了她的脚而向她道歉。思维拓展apologise to sb. 向某人道歉apologise for doing sth. 为做了某事道歉apologise to sb. for doing sth. 为做了某事向某人道歉apology n. C道歉；赔罪make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉accep

11、t/refuse ones apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉owe sb.an apology应向某人道歉即学即练(1)Bill was apologising to his friend for having kept her waiting for a long time.比尔因让他的朋友等了很长时间正在道歉呢。(2)I made my apology to my host and left early.我向主人道过歉后提早离去。(3)Please accept my sincere apology.请接受我真诚的歉意。3 典型例句My advice was completely ign

12、ored.我的建议完全被忽视了。I made a suggestion but they chose to ignore it.我提了个建议，但他们不予理会。思维拓展ignore sb./sth.不理睬某人/不知道某事物ignorant adj.无知的；不知道的be ignorant of/about sth.不知道be ignorant that不知某事ignorance n无知；愚昧be in ignorance of/about sth.不知道；对无知The workers were kept in complete ignorance of the companys financial

13、 situation.公司对工人隐瞒财务状况，他们对财务的事情一无所知。Im afraid Im rather ignorant about computers.我恐怕对电脑一无所知。即学即练(1)She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走来，但没有理睬他。(2)He is ignorant of farm life.He is in ignorance of farm life.他对农庄生活一无所知。4 典型例句You should never judge a person by his look.绝不要以貌取人。Judging from wha

14、t he said, he must be an honest man.从他所说的来判断，他一定是个诚实的人。思维拓展judge sb./sth.from/by.从来判断judge between right and wrong 判断是非as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为judging by/from 从上看，根据判断judgement n判断，审判，意见，判断力in ones judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法注意：judging from/by.在句中常作独立状语，不受句子主语的影响和限制，表达的意义是说话人的看法或判断，类似的用法再如generally

15、 speaking“一般来说”，frankly speaking“坦率地说”。即学即练(1)Dont judge a book by its cover.勿以貌取人。(2)Judging from/by his accent，he must be a southerner.根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人。(3)He was judged to be the best actor of this year.他被评为今年的最佳男演员。5 典型例句This play has three acts, and each act has three scenes.这部剧分三幕，每一幕有三场。She w

16、itnessed some very distressing scenes.她目睹过一些令人非常痛苦的场面。Would you like to enjoy the scenes in the mountains with me?你愿意与我一起欣赏山区的风光吗？思维拓展the scene of the crime 犯罪现场behind the scenes 暗中，秘密地，在幕后(come) on the scene 出现，到场，在场set the scene (为)做好准备，(为)设置舞台易混辨析scenery，scene，sight，viewscenery不可数名词，指某地(总的)自然风景或景

17、色，尤指美丽的乡间景色scene可数名词，指展现在眼前的或某一特定环境中的情景，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内；也可以指现场或戏剧中的一幕sight特指眼前看到的景观，多指人工的事物；表示“名胜，风景”时，必须要用复数sightsview常指从远处或高处看到的景色即学即练用scenery，scene，view和sight完成语段Every year，plenty of people go to see the sights of Beijing.This summer vacation my parents also decided to take me there.On the way to

18、Beijing，we stopped our car again and again to enjoy the scenery.After arriving in Beijing，we lived at the 13th floor of a hotel from whose window we had a better view of the city.We did have a good time in Beijing.But on the way back home，we saw the scene of an accident，so my mother and I kept remin

19、ding my father to drive with caution.6 典型例句Ive just spotted a mistake on the front cover.我刚才在封面上发现了一处错误。There was a big damp spot on the wall.墙上有一大块水渍。We ought to find out the views of the people on the spot.我们应当了解一下在现场的那些人的看法。思维拓展spot sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事on the spot在现场；当场；立即in a spot处于困境be spotte

20、d with满是斑点；点缀着注意：spot用作先行词时，其后的定语从句通常用where引导。即学即练写出下列句中spot的含义(1)The floor was spotted with paint，which made him embarrassed.弄脏(2)Some of the spots on your trousers are hard to remove.斑点；污点(3)I read through the first page of the book and spotted a spelling mistake.发现(4)Fortunately，a man made an off

21、er to take him around the different spots.地点；场所7 典型例句What sort of music do you like best，pop or classical?你喜欢哪种音乐流行的还是古典的？We talked of all sorts of subjects.我们谈了各种话题。These sorts of people are ready to eat anywhere.这种人总是走到哪里吃到哪里。思维拓展sort of有点，在某种程度上(常作状语)all sorts ofof all sorts各种各样的a sort of一种，可以说是的

22、东西 sort vt.& vi.分类；整理sort out分类；整理；解决；处理sort.into把整理成Quickly sort them all out.快把它们分类拣出来。I sorted the books into big ones and small ones.我把这些书整理成大的和小的两类。We must sort out the good apples from the bad.咱们得把好苹果拣出来，同坏的分开。易混辨析sort，kind，type，speciessort指大体相似的东西，有时用于贬义判断kind指同种类的东西type指同类型的东西species指同物种的东西即

23、学即练(1)“Long time no see” is sort of informal，but it is part of the language that Americans use daily.(2)Besides，all sorts (sort) of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses (球场) in good condition.8 典型例句She has been out of patience with his rudeness.她已经对他的粗鲁忍无可忍了。I dont have

24、the patience to do jigsaw puzzles.我没有耐性玩拼图游戏。I had no patience with these naughty children.我对这些淘气的孩子没有耐心了。思维拓展have the patience to do sth.做某事有耐性have/lose patience with对有/失去耐心with patiencepatiently耐心地patient adj.耐心的；能忍受的 n病人be patient with sb.对某人有耐心impatient adj.不耐烦的；没有耐心的 impatience n不耐烦即学即练一句多译我耐心地

25、向国际学生解释关于如何泡茶的所有步骤。(1)I patiently explained all the steps to the international students on how to make tea.(patient)(2)I explained all the steps to the international students with patience on how to make tea.(patience)9 典型例句Jo enjoyed feeling the warm sand beneath her feet.乔很喜欢脚下踩着温暖沙子的感觉。He was sta

26、nding on the bridge looking at the river beneath.他站在桥上，看着下面的河水。易混辨析beneath, below, underbeneath表示“在正下方”，两者接触，与on相对。below不强调在正下方，两者不接触，与above相对。under强调在正下方，两者不接触，与over相对。即学即练I could see the muscles of his shoulders beneath his Tshirt.考点集训一单句语法填空1“Small talk is the basis (base) of good manners，” he sa

27、ys.2If you are really wrong，you should make an apology to your roommate.3I sincerely hope you can accept my (I) apologies and understand me.4I owe you an apology for what I said this morning.Anyhow I meant no offence.5She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on the top floor.6Some

28、 people always do everything they like，but are in ignorance (ignore) of others feelings.7Most people there received so little education that they were ignorant (ignore) of the law.8Judging from her accent，she must be from Sichuan.9Im in favour of his opinion that it is difficult to judge a person on

29、ly by his look.10The rocking boats along the river bank make a beautiful scene.11The boy led his mother to the scene of the accident.12Moreover，the scenery along the Yangtze River is amazing，with many wellknown sightseeing spots (spot)13Caught robbing a lady of her necklace，the young man was arreste

30、d on the spot by a policeman.14There are all sorts of animals，including bears，pigs，kangaroos，and penguins.15She is very patient with young children，so she is fit for the job.16After waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get impatient (patient)1 典型例句They let us use their computers，and in

31、return we give them the results of our research.他们让我们使用他们的电脑，作为回报，我们给他们提供我们的研究成果。思维拓展in return for作为对的报答in turn反过来，转而by turns轮流即学即练用in return，in return for，in turn，by turns完成句子(1)What happens in the world makes us happy and sad by _turns.(2)He gave her some roses in return for her kindness.(3)He is

32、always helping others without expecting anything in return，which，in turn，makes him a popular man.2 典型例句We had a bet on the outcome of the next race.我们就下次比赛的结果打了一个赌。Oliver made a bet that they would win the football match.奥利弗打赌他们会赢那场足球赛。Roderick made a bet on who would win the race.罗德里克就谁会赢得比赛打了一个赌。思

33、维拓展bet n. C赌；打赌 vi.& vt. 打赌；赌钱；敢说；八成儿win/lose a bet 赢/输一场赌局the/your best bet 最好的办法bet sth. against/on 用打赌bet sb. thatclause 敢和某人说/打赌说Paul bet me 20 pounds that I wouldnt do it.保罗和我打20英镑的赌，说我不会那么做。I will bet you that he knows all about it.我敢和你打赌他了解一切。即学即练Mozart hears that you are making a bet on whet

34、her Susan will marry Bobbie.3 典型例句As a matter of fact，I was the one who did it.其实，做这件事的人就是我。As a matter of fact，he is telling lies.事实上，他在说谎。思维拓展“事实上”的不同表达方式：as a matter of fact，in (actual) fact, actually, in reality, to tell (you) the truth, in practice等。即学即练As a matter of fact，the teachers play an

35、important part in the study and life of the students.4 典型例句We met by accident at the railway station.我们在火车站偶然相遇。思维拓展by accidentaccidentally偶然地，意外地by mistake错误地；无心地by chance偶然地，意外地No doubt this happened by chance，but this chance made me very happy.毫无疑问这件事的发生是偶然的，但是这个偶然使我觉得非常幸福。He restored the umbrell

36、a he had taken by mistake.他把拿错了的雨伞放回了原处。即学即练(1)Could you have given them the wrong drug by mistake? (2)I learn by accident that you have just won first prize in the Robotics Competition held in your institute and have shown great talent in designing robots.5 典型例句To be honest，I dont think we have a c

37、hance of winning.说实话，我认为我们没有获胜的可能。To be honest，I have no time to do it.老实说，我没有时间做这件事情。思维拓展honestly speaking老实说to tell you the truth说实话，老实说英语中表示“说”的短语：generally speaking一般来说exactly speaking确切地说to be frankfrankly speaking坦率地说in general一般来说in other words换句话说or rather更确切地说to sum up概括地说that is 也就是说注意：to

38、be honest为不定式作独立成分，在句中作插入语。常见的还有to be exact 确切地说；to tell you the truth 老实告诉你；to begin/start with 首先等。即学即练用表示“说”的短语完成句子(1)Generally speaking，women live longer than men. (2)He got home late last night，or rather early this morning.(3)To be frank/honest，I dont enjoy the performance.(4)Honestly speaking,

39、_I hate the student speaking dirty words.6 典型例句I was about to go out when my mum called me.我正要外出时，妈妈叫住了我。There is about to be a huge party in our school.在我们学校将有一场大型联欢会。思维拓展be about to do.when.正要做这时had just done.when.刚做完某事，这时be doing.when.正在做这时be on the point of doing.when.正要做这时I was about to go out

40、when an unexpected visitor came.我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.我刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。He was reading newspapers when he heard his name called.他正在读报，这时听到有人叫他的名字。The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the ladys handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中

41、，这时公共汽车突然停了。易混辨析be about to do/be going to dobe about to do表示“正要，即将做某事”，时间性比较紧迫，常与when连用，但句中不能再加at once, immediately及表示具体时间的状语be going to do表示某人按计划安排将要做某事表示说话人根据迹象主动推测可能要发生的事，主语一般为物即学即练(1)He was_sleeping (sleep) when there was a knock at the door.(2)I was about to go out when someone knocked at the

42、door.(3)We had just begun to work when the machine broke down.考点集训二单句语法填空1He gave us a lot of help when we were in trouble，but we have nothing to give him in return.2As a matter of fact，many ordinary jobs such as cleaning streets are worth doing.3Yesterday I met Tom in the park by accident，where he

43、was walking up and down，apparently anxious about something.4To be honest，if you dont stop smoking you cannot be cured of the disease.5I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.1 About a month ago，I was sailing，and towards night I found myself carried out to sea

44、 by a strong wind.大约一个月前，我正在航行，天快黑的时候，我发现我被一阵强风刮到了海里。(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句，由并列连词and连接。I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.属于“find宾语宾语补足语”结构。(2)find 复合结构的常见形式：find名词/代词(to be)形容词/副词/名词。意为“发现某人/某物”，to be 常可省略掉。如：I find this job (to be) very exciting.我发现这份工作令人兴奋。She found Jack (to be) an hones

45、t man.她发现杰克是个诚实的人。find名词/代词介宾短语。如：He found a stranger in the room.他发现房间里有个陌生人。find名词/代词现在分词。意为“发现某人/某物一直”，可表示主动和进行。如：She found a wallet lying on the ground.她发现地上有一个钱包。find名词/代词过去分词。意为“发现某人/某物被”，可表示被动和完成。如：He found his dog hidden in the bush.他发现他的狗藏在灌木丛中。find it形容词to do。it 是形式宾语，代替真正的宾语 to do。如：We fi

46、nd it hard to learn English grammar.我们发现学英语语法很难。即学即练(1)On the way home，he found his pocket picked (pick)(2)He hurried to the store，only to find the door closed (close)(3)When he came to himself，he found himself lying (lie) in hospital.2 (1)句式分析：这是一个简单句，使用了强调句型，“It is/was.that.”，强调了主语the ship。(2)强调句型

47、的基本用法说明：基本结构：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他被强调部分：主语、宾语和大部分状语it 和 that/who: it 没有词义；强调任何成分都可用that, 强调人时还可用whoIt is I that/who am wrong.是我错了。(强调主语I)It was here that I lost my watch.我是在这儿丢的手表。(强调地点状语here)It was yesterday that we attended a concert.我们是昨天参加的音乐会。(强调时间状语yesterday)思维拓展强调句型的特殊形式有：一般疑问式：Is/Was it被强

48、调部分that/who其他？如：Was it Jim that/who bought the book?买书的是吉姆吗？特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词is/was it that其他？如：What is it that he wants to see?他究竟想看到什么？not.until 强调式：It is/was not until.that其他。如：It was not until yesterday that I knew it.直到昨天我才知道此事。误区警示若被强调部分是主语，that/who 后的谓语应在人称和数上与原句的主语一致。强调句型的判断：将句子中的It is/was 和 that/

49、who 去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能组成一个完整的句子，那么原来的句子就是强调句型，否则就不是。如：It is when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him.将It is 和 that 去掉后，得到的句子“When you nearly lose someone you fully realize how much you value him.”在结构和意义上是完整的，说明原句是强调句型。即学即练(1)It was with the help of the local guide that t

50、he mountain climber was rescued.(2)It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.3 If this is your idea of some kind of joke，I dont think its very funny.如果你们认为这是一个笑话，我可一点儿也不觉得好笑。(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。If this is your idea of some kind of joke是if引导的条件状语从句，主句是I dont think，后面的its very funny是省略了that的宾语从句

51、。此处主句I dont think its very funny用了否定转移。(2)否定转移的常见用法有：think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 等动词后面的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：I dont think I can remember the 100 words within two hours.我想我不能在两小时内记住这100个单词。I dont suppose that he likes it.我想他不喜欢它。含有否定转移的句子变反意疑问句时有两种情况：若主句主语是第一人称，简短问

52、句的主语和谓语应与宾语从句的主语和谓语分别保持一致；若主句主语不是第一人称，简短问句的主语和谓语应与主句的主语和谓语分别保持一致。切记，简短问句的谓语一律用肯定式。如：I dont think (that) he is interested in that thing, is he?我认为他对那件事不感兴趣，是吗？You dont imagine he passed the exam，do you?你认为他没有通过考试，是吗？即学即练I dont think anyone can finish the experiment，can _they?4 (1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。使用了“not

53、.until.”句型，意为“直到才”。(2)not.until.的用法基本结构：否定结构的主句until名词(短语)/从句，意为“直到才”。当主句为否定句时，主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。He wont go to bed until she returns.直到她回来他才会去睡觉。强调句结构：It is/was not until.that剩余部分。It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。倒装句结构：Not until名词(短语)/从句倒装主句。Not until you told me

54、did I have any idea of it.直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。即学即练(1)It was not until he was twenty that he began to learn English.(2)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he consider having a holiday abroad.考点集训三单句语法填空1When he arrived，he found all the work already finished (finish)2One early morning，I

55、went into the living room to find my mother reading (read) a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again.3It was in the factory that I first met John.4It was not until two days ago that I received his invitation.单词拼写1The basis (根据) of her opinion is something she read in the magazine.

56、2This may have influenced your bank managers decision not to give you a loan (贷款)3The burning plastic (塑料) gave off poisonous gas，which is harmful to our health.4If youre late，you should apologise (道歉) to the host either immediately or later.5He ignored (忽视) the neighbors request that he should make

57、 less noise at night.6In an English speech competition，you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to the judges (裁判员) how you understand it.7A medical team rushed to the scene (现场) of the disaster where hospitals were in need of doctors and nurses.8“Do you have any clothes to be was

58、hed？” the servant(仆人) asked.9I shall get myself a little boat and sail (航行) her around the world.10I warn you; Im beginning to lose my patience (耐心) with you.单句语法填空1The issue of countryside development has been raised on the basis of this.2Li Gang was required to apologise to the people present at t

59、he meeting for what he had done.3I wanted to have a word with her，but she ignored (ignore) me and went away.4Judging (judge) from the way he laughed as he told it，it was meant to be humorous.5Our reporter was the first person on the scene.6When the man was trying to break into the bank，he was caught

60、 by the police on the spot.7In some cases，what you should do is listen patiently (patient) when someone is speaking，even if you have anything important to say.8He is always helping others without expecting anything in return.9It was in this small town that I met him by chance.10To be honest，the lifestyle of the old is different from that of the young.