2022版高三英语人教版一轮总复习学案：1 语法 专题二 第4课　介词（短语） WORD版含答案.doc

1、第4课介词(短语) 对应学生用书P216语法自测看高考怎么考单句语法填空1(2020新高考全国卷)Museums must compete for peoples spare time and money with other amusements.2(2020全国卷)Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home.3(2020全国卷)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature.4(2

2、020浙江卷)Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in, through agriculture.5(2020浙江卷)Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children.6(2019全国卷)Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear popu

3、lations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.7(2019全国卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.8(2019浙江卷)But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer to this question is not clear.9(2

4、019天津卷改编)In spite of all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.10(2019天津卷改编)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.11(2019北京卷)First celebrated in 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and

5、regions(地区).12(2018全国卷)I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.13(2018江苏卷改编)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls for a clear road map and timetable.14(2018江苏卷改编)Chinas soft power grows in line with the increasing appreciati

6、on and understanding of China globally.15(2018北京卷)Good morning, Mr.Lees office.Good morning.Id like to make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon.要点突破知内容有哪些考点1几种常见介词的基本用法 /1表示时间的介词介词用法举例at表示时间的点，时刻等at 6：00 oclock在6点钟；at daybreak在黎明 on表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)on Monday afte

7、rnoon在周一下午；on a rainy day morning在一个雨天的上午in表示在某段较长的时间内in the 20th century在 20世纪；in winter在冬季；in September在9月；in the morning在上午since时间点自从以来，常与延续性动词的完成时连用Tom has been doing his homework since 7 oclock.汤姆从下午7点开始就一直在做他的家庭作业。for时间段 长达Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen ye

8、ars after his retirement.布朗先生喜欢乡村生活，退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年。续表介词用法举例during 在期间during the class课堂上until/till 直到until/till midnight直到深夜by 到为止；不迟于by 7 oclock7点前in/after时间段 在之后“in时间段”常与将来时连用；“after时间段”常与过去时连用My father will be back in three days.我父亲将在3天以后回来。My father came back after three days.我父亲是3天后回来的。before

9、 在之前before the end of the year在年底之前over 在期间；直到结束over Christmas圣诞节期间2.表示方位的介词介词用法举例at后常接相对较小的地方arrive at the airport到达机场in后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内arrive in New York抵达纽约续表介词用法举例on表示“在上”(反义词beneath)on the wall在墙上across表示“从的表面穿过；在对面”across the street大街对面through表示“从的内部穿过”through the window透过窗户over表示“从的上面跨过”

10、(反义词under)There is a bridge over the river.在这条河上有座桥。above指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上The water came above our knees.水淹过了我们的膝盖。3.表示工具、手段、方式的介词介词用法举例with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官with a pencil用铅笔by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具by train乘火车；by sea乘船in指使用某种语言、笔墨等in ink用钢笔；in English用英语on多用于固定词组中on the radio/on TV通过收音机/电视4.表示“

11、除之外”的介词(短语)介词用法besides意为“除之外(还有)”，相当于in addition toexcept意为“除之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句but 意为“除之外”(except)，接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则不定式中的to省略续表介词用法apart from既可相当于besides或in addition to，也可相当于except forother than意为“除之外(别无)”5.表示原因的介词(短语)介词(短语)例句for，because of，due to，thanks to，owing to，on account of，as a result o

12、fThe openair celebration has been put off because of the bad weather. 因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。Owing to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。6.其他常考介词介词用法举例against违背，反对；倚靠；以为背景，衬托the fight against terrorism反对恐怖主义的斗争beyond(范围、限度)超出，为所不能及The exercise was beyond the abili

13、ties of most of the class.这个练习超出了班里大多数学生的能力。by程度或增减的幅度；按计Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen.牛奶论品脱卖，黄油论磅卖，鸡蛋论打卖。despite尽管Despite applying forhundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.尽管申请了几百份工作他依旧处于失业状态。for(表示目的)为了；(表示对象或用途)给；因为；从来看；赞成，支持soldiers fighting for our cou

14、ntry为祖国战斗的军人续表 介词用法举例with和在一起；和，跟；具有，带有；(表示伴随)随着His face went red with anger.他气得脸都红了。within(范围、程度)在内He finds it hard to live within his income.他觉得靠自己的收入生活难以为继。without没有She spoke without much enthusiasm.她说话冷冰冰的。off(表示位置)在的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从离开She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the r

15、oad.她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。即时训练单句语法填空1An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.2Only by working hard can you make progress in your studies.3. You can change your job；you can move house，but friendship is meant to be for life.考点2介词短语 /(一)介词与动词构成的搭

16、配call for需要pay for 为付款prepare for 为做准备apply for 申请search for 寻找，搜索wait for 等待begin with 以开始play with 同一起玩；玩弄care about 关心；介意feel like 想要hold up 举起rely on 依靠pass by 经过figure out 想出dream of 梦想listen to 听refer to 提及；参考；查阅contribute to 贡献；有助于；促成laugh at 嘲笑focus on 集中于charge.for. 向要价exchange.for. 用来交换go

17、back to 追溯到(二)介词与名词构成的搭配1. atn.表示状态at a loss 不知所措at peace 处于和平状态at war 处于战争状态at work 在工作2其他以at开头的介词短语at the beginning of 在的开始at the cost of 以的代价at the risk of 冒的危险at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布at the same time 同时3. onn.表示状态on exhibition/show 在展出on fire 着火on sale 出售，打折on the way 在途中on the decrease/increas

18、e 在减少/在增加on holiday/vacation 在度假4其他以on开头的介词短语on account of 因为on average 平均；一般地on behalf of 代表on no account/condition 决不on the top of 在上面/顶端5byn.by accident 偶然地by air/plane 乘飞机by chance 偶然by coincidence 碰巧by hand 手工by mistake 错误地by the day 按天算by nature 天生地6inn.in cash 用现金付款in depth 在深度上in detail 详细地i

19、n height 在高度上in length 在长度上in English 用英语7其他以in开头的介词短语in no time 立刻 in no way 决不in place of 代替in possession of 拥有，占有in addition to 另外in charge of 掌管in return 作为回报in danger (of) 在危险中，垂危in spite of 尽管in exchange for 作为交换in favor of 支持，赞成in case of 万一；如果；假使in support of 为支持in honour of 为向表示敬意in memory

20、of 为了纪念in the middle of 在中间8ofn.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit 有益处的of help 有帮助的of importance 重要的of significance 有意义的of use 有用的of value 有价值的9out ofn.表示状态out of balance 失去平衡out of breath 上气不接下气out of control 失去控制out of date 过期out of order 发生故障out of sight 看不见out of the question 不可能out of work 失业10undern.表示被

21、动under attack 遭到袭击under pressure 在压力下under treatment 在治疗中under control 处于控制之中11withn.表示方式with delight/joy 高兴地with difficulty 困难地with ease 轻而易举地with fear 害怕地with pleasure 乐意地12. beyondn.表示“超出，难以”beyond compare 无与伦比beyond reach 够不到beyond description 难以描述beyond expression/words 难以表达(三)介词与其他词构成的搭配next t

22、o 紧挨着instead of 代替apart from 除之外according to 根据along with 随着together with 连同owing to 因为but for 要不是regardless of 不管，不顾up to 直到；由决定to and from 往返，来来回回in between 在中间，在两者之间by means of 用办法；借助即时训练单句语法填空1As a result，he spends his life in a wheelchair and cannot write by means of a pen or pencil.2But wildli

23、fe today disappears or is in danger just because humans do harm to it.3In memory of the dead soldiers，a grand memorial was built on the spot of the great campaign.4Instead of going on a diet，she eats less fat and sugar and exercises more.5. Scientists estimate that smoking reduces life expectancy by

24、 around two years on average.技巧点拨析典题如何考技巧1“是否宾语”作依据 /介词必须要接宾语，宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或what从句充当。若空格后是名词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语，则要考虑填介词。示例1We should talk about the things the childrens understanding in a simple way.解析：句意：我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。beyond超出，为所不能及，符合句意。答案：beyond技巧2“三种方法”来确定所填介词 /1. 根据语境含义结合介词用法。示

25、例2In some cases，different approaches the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.解析：句意为：在一些情形下，对同一个科学难题进行研究所采用的方法不同，就会得出互相矛盾的推测。approach to 的方法，是固定搭配。答案：to2根据介词与动词等的搭配。示例3I said hello him，smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought，“Why not offer him a piece of chocolate？”解析：考查介词。say hello to sb.意为“向某人问好”，符合语境，故用介词to。答案：to3根据特殊的结构关系，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without。示例4I sat on the side of the stage, my script open on a music stand in front of me.解析：考查介词的用法。句意：我坐在舞台的一侧，我的剧本打开着，放在我前面的乐谱架上。此处符合“with宾语形容词”的复合结构，在句中作状语，表示伴随状态。答案：with