Module 1 Unit 2＆Unit 3 知识点详解-广西桂林市雁山中学外研版八年级上册英语.doc

1、外研英语八（上）Module 1 How to learn English知识点详解Unit 2 You should smile at her.(A2).【知识点再现】Send your questions to Diana, the Language Doctor. 把你的问题发送给语言博士戴安娜。【知识点1】send是及物动词，意为“发送，寄”，后接名词或代词作宾语，也可接双宾语，其间接宾语可转化为介词to的宾语，其结构为：send sth to sb=send sb. sth. 意为“把某物寄(送)给某人”。如：I already sent him the letter, but he

2、 said he didnt receive it. 我已经寄了一封信给他，但是他说他没有收到。=I already sent the letter to him, but he said he didnt receive it. 我已经寄了一封信给他，但是他说他没有收到。【拓展】可以接双宾语的动词还有：give，bring，tell，lend，pass，show，teach（后跟to）；buy，cook（后跟for）。(A2).【知识点再现】Many students ask for advice about how to improve their English. Here are th

3、ree basic questions. 很多学生咨询如何提高他们英语水平的建议。【知识点2】ask for advice = ask for suggestions意为“请求（给予）建议，寻求建议”。ask for意为“请求；征求；寻求”，有时也用ask sb. for sth. 表示“请求某人给予某物；向某人索取某物”。如：He asked his father for ten yuan. 他向他父亲要了10元钱。Lucy asked her parents for a bike last Sunday. 上个星期天露西向她父母要一辆自行车。【拓展】与ask有关的短语：ask for 请求

4、（给予）；ask for help 求助；ask sb. for help 求某人求助。ask sb. for sth. 请求某人给予某物，向某人要某物；ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议；ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不）做某事。【知识点3】improve 意为“改善，改进”，在句中用作及物动词。如：I want to imrove my spoken English. 我想要提高我的英语口语。【知识点4】how to improve their English 构成“疑问词+动词不定式（短语）”结构，在句中作about的宾语。疑问词what，

5、who，which，when，where，how等词后常接动词不定式（短语），在句中作know，tell，teach，understand，decide等动词的宾语，也可以作主语。如：Do you know how to use the camera? 你知道怎样使用这台相机吗？We cant decide what to do next. 我们不能决定下一步要做什么？(A2).【知识点再现】I like watvhing English films and listening to English songs, 我喜欢看英文电影和听英文歌曲。【知识点5】like doing sth.=enj

6、oy doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事”。如：I like running in the morning. 我喜欢早上跑步。/ I like playing basketball after school. 放学后我喜欢打篮球。(A2).【知识点再现】Watching films and listening to songs are great ways to learn English! 看电影和听歌曲是学习英语的很好的方式。【知识点6】“Watching films and listening to songs”是动名词形式作主语。动名词形式作主语，表示单项活动时，谓语动词用单数形式

7、；表示两项或两项以上的活动时，谓语动词用复数。Playing basketball is my favourite sport. 打篮球是我最喜欢的运动。Playing chess and playing computer games are my hobbies. 下棋和玩电脑游戏是我的爱好。(A2).【知识点再现】Watch and listen several times, and guess the meaning of the new words. 看或听几遍，并且猜测生词的含义。【知识点7】several times=a few times。意为“几次；几遍”。several在句中

8、用作形容词，意为“几个的，数个的”，修饰可数名词复数。time当“次数”讲时，是可数名词。一次可表示为“once”；两次“twice”；三次及三次以上用“基数词times”表示。对次数进行提问用how many times。time当“时间”讲时，是不可数名词。如：There are several students on the playground. 操场上有几个学生。I go shopping four times a month. 我一个月购物四次。/ Its time for us to do our homework. 我们做家庭作业的时间到了。【知识点8】the meaning

9、of意为“的意思”。meaning在句中用作不可数名词，意为“意义，意思”。如：Do you know the meaning of the word? 你知道这个单词的意思吗？(A2).【知识点再现】Each time you will learn something new. 每一次你将会学到新东西。【知识点9】time是名词，意为“次数”。each time意为“每次”。与time有关的短语：at a time 一次，依次；(at) any time 随时，无论何时；at one time (过去) 有个时期，曾经，一度；at this time 此时此刻。如：Do one thing

10、at a time, and do well. 一次只做一件事情，并且要做到最好！If you have any problems, please call us at any time. 如果你有什么问题，请随时拨打我们的电话。He was at one time so devoted to piano playing. 他一度那么沉迷于弹钢琴。My brain cant hold so much information at one time. 我脑子一下子记不住这么多信息。【知识点10】something new 意为“新东西”，形容词new作后置定语，修饰不定代词something。s

11、omething，anything，nothing，somebody，anybody等不定代词被形容词、动词不定式修饰时，形容词或动词不定式要放在其后。如：I have something to tell you. 我有些事情要告诉你。I want to buy something new in the shop. 我想在商店里买些新东西。There is something interesting in todays newspaper. 今天的报纸上有些有趣的东西。(A2).【知识点再现】I also advise you to talk about the films or songs

12、with your friends. 我也建议你和朋友们谈论一下这些电影或歌曲。【知识点11】advise此处用作及物动词，意为“建议；忠告；向提出建议”。与advise有关的短语：advise sb. (not) to do sth. 意为“建议某人(不)做某事”；advisesth./doingsth.建议/劝告某事/做某事；advisesb.howtodosth.建议某人如何做某事；advise sb. against doing sth.= advise sb. not to do sth. 劝告某人不要做某事。如：She advised me to wear my best clot

13、hes. 她建议我穿上我最好的衣服。I advised the girl not to go out at night. 我建议女孩不要在夜晚外出。I advised him how to improve his English as soon as possible. 我建议他怎样尽快提高他的英语。I advised starting at once. 我建议马上开始。/ He advised leaving early. 他建议早点动身。He advised her against going out at night.= He advised her not to go out at n

14、ight. 他劝她晚上不要出去。【拓展】advise后不能接动词不定时作宾语；后接that从句时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。advise的名词形式为advice，意为“建议；劝告；忠告”，是不可数名词。如：I advised that my father (should) stop smoking. 我建议我爸爸戒烟。【知识点12】【辨析】talk to，talk with与talk of的用法辨析：talk about sb./sth.意为“谈论，讨论某人/某事”，后接谈论的内容，宾语可以是人，也可以是物。如：Im busy now.

15、Lets talk about it later. 我现在忙，让我们以后谈论它吧。Jim and Tom are talking about how to learn English. 吉姆和汤姆正在谈论如何学英语。talk of“谈及，谈到”与talk about 同义。只是talk of 仅指“浅谈表面现象（如作者、书名等）”。如：We often talk of you. 我们经常谈到你。talk to sb.“对某人讲话”,侧重于表示一个人对另一个人讲话,但是不表示对方也需要讲话,主要是强调告诉某人什么事，有时指上级对下级，含有“训话”意味，是单向的。如：The teacher is

16、talking to his students. 老师正在对他的同学们讲话。talk with sb.“和某人一起谈论”,双方都要发表言论,相互沟通，双方是互动的。如：The teacher is talking with his students. 老师正在和他的同学们聊天。(A2).【知识点再现】I am afraid to speak to her. 我不敢和她说话。【知识点13】【辨析】be afraid to do sth.与be afraid of (doing) sth. 的用法辨析：be afraid to do sth. 意为“害怕做某事”。表示主观上的原因不去做，害怕做某事

17、发生不良后果。如：Im afraid to swim in the river. 我不敢在河里游泳。She is afraid to go out alone at night. 她害怕晚上独自出门。be afraid of (doing) sth. 意为“害怕(做)某事”（担心/害怕出现doing的状况或结果），后跟名词、代词等。如：Im afraid of height. 我恐高。 / The boy was afraid of falling off the wall. 这个男孩害怕从墙上摔下来。She was afraid to walk in grass because she wa

18、s afraid of a snake. 她不敢在草丛中走，因为她怕蛇。有时两者可以互换。如：We are afraid to go out at night.=We are afraid of going out at night. 我们害怕晚上出去。【知识点14】speak to sb.=talk to sb.=talk with sb. 意为“和某人说话”。如：She is speaking to her teacher. 她正在跟她的老师说话。(A2).【知识点再现】These are good ways to start a conversation. 这些都是展开一段对话的好方法。

19、【知识点15】动词不定式to start a conversation（开始谈话的方式）在句子中作定语，修饰前面的名词ways。动词不定式（短语）在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：Many animals have no place to live in. 许多动物无处生存。I have something important to tell you. 我有些重要的事情要告诉你。(A2).【知识点再现】And before you begin, you should smile at her! 在你开始说话前，应该对她微笑。【知识点16】【辨析】laugh与smile的用法辨析：

20、laugh一般是有声的笑，有时指大笑。laugh at意为“（恶意）；因而发笑”。如：The funny story made the children laugh. 有趣的故事使得孩子们大笑。His joke made us laugh. 他的笑话使得我们大笑起来。/ Dont laugh at others. 不要嘲笑别人。smile一般是无声的微笑，指面部露出高兴地表情，smile at意为“对微笑，以微笑对待（善意的）”。如：The teacher smiled at my answer. 老师对我的答案报以微笑。She couldnt help smiling. 她情不自禁地笑了。/

21、 The two girls are smiling at the camera. 这两个女孩正对着照相机微笑。(A2).【知识点再现】Remember this: Do not be shy. Just try. 记住这个：不要害羞，只是尝试。【知识点17】remember 是动词，意为“记住，想起，记着”。常用短语：remember to do sth. 记着做某事；remember doing sth. 记得做过某事。如：Remember to close the door, please. 请记得关上门。 / I remembered closing the door. 我记得关上门了

22、。【知识点18】Do not be shy. 意为“不要害羞”，祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never。在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。如：Dont be careless. 不要粗心。/ Dont be late for school! 上学不要迟到!Dont say that again! 别再那样说了！ / Dont forget me! 不要忘记我!(A2).【知识点再现】I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and put them in your

23、bedroom. 我建议你每天在报子上写四到五个单词，并且把纸片放在你的卧室里。【知识点19】suggest是及物动词，意为“建议；提议”，它的过去式是suggested，它的名词形式是suggestion(复数形式是suggestions)。suggest的用法如下：suggest+名词。表示“建议某事”。如：Tom suggested an early start. 汤姆建议早点出发。We suggested a visit to the museum the next day. 我们建议第二天去参观博物馆。suggest doing sth. 表示“建议做某事”，其后可接名词、代词或动名

24、词，但不能接不定式。如： I suggested going home at once. 我建议立刻回家。/ Tony suggested going out for a walk. 托尼建议出去散步。suggest+(that) sb. (should) do sth. 表示“建议某人做某事”，从句用虚拟语气，should可省略，只用动词原形。如：We suggested that he (should) go and make an apology to his teacher. 我们建议他去向他的老师道歉。She suggested that we (should) practise s

25、peaking English every day. 她建议我们应该每天练习说英语。表示“向某人建议某事”应用“suggest sth. to sb.”或“suggest to sb.+that从句”。如：What did you suggest to the manager? 你向经理建议了什么？Tony suggested to me (that) we go out for a walk. 托尼建议我们出去散步。【拓展】suggest作动词，还可以表示“暗示；表明；显示”，后接从句时，从句不用虚拟语气。如：Her smile suggests her consent. 他的微笑表明同意。

26、Her expression suggested that she was very angry. 她的表情显示她很生气。【知识点20】pieces of paper意为“纸张”。paper是不可数名词，要表示几张纸，要通过变化piece的单复数来表示。如：a piece of paper 一张纸；three pieces of paper 三张纸 (A5).【知识点再现】What I am good at 我擅长的事【知识点21】be good at意为“擅长”，与do well in意思相近，与ba bad at相对。如：Mary is dood at drawing. 玛丽擅长画画。/

27、Im good at playing guitar. 我擅长弹吉他。Unit 3 Language in use(A5).【知识点再现】You need to practice speaking more often. 你需要更经常练习口语。【知识点1】need在句子用作实义动词，意为“需要”。need to do sth. 意为“需要做某事”。not need to 意为“不必”。如：Tony needs to practise speaking Chinese every day. 托尼需要每天练习说汉语。You dont need to worry about him. 你不必担心他。/

28、 You need to study hard. 你需要努力学习。Children need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them. 儿童需要自己经历事情以便从中学习.(A5).【知识点再现】How about saying hello to them and asking them where they come from? 向他们打招呼并且问他们来自哪儿怎么样？【知识点2】say hello to sb. 向某人问好；say thank you to sb. 向某人道谢；say goodbye to

29、sb. 向某人告别。I want to say thank you to you, you help me a lot. 我想对你说一声谢谢，你帮了我很多。(A5).【知识点再现】Try to make friends with them and take them around your town. 尽量和他们交朋友并领着他们参观你们的城镇。 【知识点3】make friends (with sb.) (与/和某人)交朋友。交朋友至少涉及两者，所以friend必须用复数形式。类似表示交互关系时使用的复数，称为“交互复数”，常见的有：exchange seats 交换座位；shake hand

30、s with sb. 与某人握手；take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事；join hands with sb. 与某人联系/合作。如：He makes friends with the local people. 他和当地的人们交朋友。【知识点4】take sb. around sp.=show sb. around sp. =take sb. to visit sp.是固定搭配，意为“带领某人参观某地”。如：I will take them around our school. 我将带领他们参观我们的学校。Let me show you around. 让我带你四处参观。/

31、 Shall I show/take you around the factory? 我带你去参观工厂，好吗? (A5).【知识点再现】If there is not, why not start one with your friends? 如果没有，为什么不和你的朋友们创办一个呢？【知识点5】start在句中用作及物代词，意为“开办，创办”。如：Mr. Li started a company last month. 李先生上个月开办了一家公司。【知识点6】【辨析】one，it与that的用法辨析：one 所替代的是前面提到的同类事物，但不是同一件(同类异物、可数)，表示“泛指”；它只能代

32、替可数名词，其复数形式是ones。如：I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one. 我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. 我已经弄丢了我的雨伞，我认为我必须买一把。Idont like these apples. Can you give me some red ones. 我不喜欢这些苹果。你能给我一些红的吗？it 所替代的，与前面的名词是同一事物(同类同物)；它常替代限定词the, this, that 和形容词性物主代词所修饰的单数名词，表示“特指”

33、，其复数形式是them。如：- Do you like the game? 你喜欢这个游戏吗？ - I like it. 是的，我喜欢。I want to ride your bike. Lend it to me, please. 我想骑你的自行车，请把它借给我。I cant find my hat. I dont know where I put it. 我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。that只指物，不指人，可替代可数名词或不可数名词，具有“特指”性质，常用于比较级句型中。指的是同类事物中的另一样东西，即同类异物，其复数形式为those。如：These pictures are

34、 more beautiful than those. 这些图片比那些图片比更漂亮。The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. 茶杯里的水比壶里的水更热。The population of China is much larger than that of America. 中国的人口比美国的人口多得多。(A5).【知识点再现】How about playing a few games and listening to some music? 做些游戏并且听一些音乐怎么样？【知识点7】【辨析】a few，few，little与a l

35、ittle的用法辨析： a few表示肯定，意为“有些，有几个”，修饰可数名词复数，相当于several或some。如：There are a few apples in the fridge. 冰箱里有一些苹果。few表示否定，意为“几乎没有，很少”，修饰可数名词复数。如：There are few apples in the fridge, so I must buy some. 冰箱里几乎没有一些苹果，所以我必须买一些。a little表示肯定，意为“有些，有几个”，修饰不可数名词。如：Li Lei can only speak a little English. 李雷只会说一点英语。l

36、ittle表示否定，意为“几乎没有，很少”，修饰不可数名词。如：Theres little water in the bottle. 瓶里几乎没有水了。(A5).【知识点再现】You can watch an English film together, and try to speak English all the time. 你们可以一起看一部英语电影，并且尽量总是讲英语。【知识点8】all the time意为“总是，一直”，在句中作状语，通常位于句子末尾。与time有关的短语：at a time 依次，逐一，每次；at one time 一度，从前；at times 有时；every

37、 time 无论何时，任何时候；for a time 短时间内，暂且；from time to time 不时，偶尔，间或；in no time 立刻，马上；take ones time 不急，慢慢干；on time 按时，准时；in time 及时。如：Ill still be with you all the time. 我还是一直都会和你在一起的。It is raining all the time, so we have to stay at home all the day. 由于一直下雨，我们只好一整天呆在家里。【辨析】all the time和always的区别：两者都有“总是，

38、一直”的意思，但其用法有所不同：all the time位于句末，强调一段时间内连续的动作或时间上不间断。如：He is playing computer games all the time. 他一直在玩电脑游戏。always位于实义动词之前，助动词和系动词之后，强调动作发生的频率。如：Jack always likes putting up his hands in English class. 杰克总是喜欢在英语课堂上举手。(A5).【知识点再现】You should invite your new English-speaking friends to your club! 你应该邀请

39、讲英语的新朋友到你的俱乐部。【知识点9】invite是动词，意为“邀请；招待”。invite的名词形式为invitation。与invite有关的短语：invite sb to sp. 邀请某人到某地；invite sb to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。如：Liu Ming will invite me to Beijing next Sunday. 刘明下个星期天邀请我去北京。Did you get an invitation to Jims birthday party. 你收到去参加吉姆生日聚会的邀请码？Wang Fei invited his parents to watch t

40、he basketball match last Saturday evening. 王飞上周六晚上邀请他父母去看篮球赛。(A6).【知识点再现】I like listening to English songs, but there are too many new words. 我喜欢听英文歌曲，但是里面有太多的生词。【知识点10】【辨析】too many，too much和much too的区别：too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：There are too many students in our class. 我们班上有太多的学生。 too much意为“太多”

41、，用于修饰不可数名词。如：We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：The box is much too heavy, so I cant carry it. 箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。(A7).【知识点再现】Dont stop to check every word. 不要停下来去核对每个单词。【知识点11】【辨析】stop to do sth.和stop doing sth.的区别：stop to do sth. 意为“停下正在做的事，去做另一件事”，如： He watched TV for a

42、n hour; At 8 he stopped to do his homework. 他看了一个小时的电视，八点钟他停下来(看电视)去做作业。stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事”即“不做某事了”，如： He stopped watching TV and began to read English.他停下来看电视，开始读英语。 (Around the world).【知识点再现】In addition to English magazine, newspapers and radio, there are various kinds of English learning websites. 除了英语杂志，英语报纸和英语广播，还有各种各样的英语学习网站。【知识点12】in addition to=besides意为“除以外（还有）”。如：She can speak English in addition to/besides French. 除了法语外，她还会说英语。