普通高中教科书 英语 选择性必修 第三册（人教A版）.pdf

1、选择性必修第三册普通高中教科书英语选择性必修第三册英语YINGYUPUTONG GAOZHONG JIAOKESHU绿 色 印 刷 产 品 绿 色 印 刷 产 品 定价：元人教教材封面 高中英语 选择性必修3 1人教教材封面 高中英语 选择性必修3 12020/8/18 下午3:142020/8/18 下午3:14统编版第三册选择性必修普通高中教科书英语北京ENGLISH人民教育出版社 课程教材研究所英 语 课 程 教 材 研 究 开 发 中 心圣智学习集团（中国）（美国）编著统编版普通高中教科书 英语 选择性必修 第三册（中国）人民教育出版社 课程教材研究所 英 语 课 程 教 材 研 究

2、开 发 中 心 编著（美国）圣智学习集团出 版 （北京市海淀区中关村南大街 17 号院 1 号楼 邮编：100081）网 址 http:/重 印 出版社发 行 新华书店印 刷 印刷厂版 次 2020 年 3 月第 1 版 印 次 年 月第 次印刷开 本 890 毫米 1240 毫米 1/16印 张 8字 数 220 千字印 数 册书 号 ISBN 978-7-107-34789-4定 价 元定价批号：号 版权所有未经许可不得采用任何方式擅自复制或使用本产品任何部分违者必究如发现内容质量问题，请登录中小学教材意见反馈平台：如发现印、装质量问题，影响阅读，请与 联系调换。电话：-主 编：刘道义 郑

3、旺全副 主 编：吴 欣 张献臣编写人员：Patrick Wallace Tim Gibbs Simon McCue Edward Yoshioka 肖 菲 王生军 扈华唯 庄 力责任编辑：肖 菲 王生军美术编辑：胡白珂统编版普通高中教科书 英语是为了适应新时代的发展需要，依据普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版）的精神，充分征求广大师生的反馈意见，在普通高中课程标准实验教科书 英语的基础上精心修订而成。此次教材修订的主要目的是：全面落实立德树人根本任务，培育社会主义核心价值观，弘扬中华优秀文化，充分体现英语课程工具性和人文性的统一，发展学生的语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力等英语学科核心素

4、养，充分体现英语学科特殊的育人价值，培养具有中国情怀、国际视野和跨文化沟通能力的社会主义建设者和接班人。修订后的教材主要具有以下特点：注重思想引领 教材融入了社会主义核心价值观的基本内容和要求，注重培养学生良好的政治素质、道德品质和健全人格，弘扬中华优秀文化，增强文化自信，引导学生形成正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。反映时代要求 教材充分反映当代社会发展新变化、科技进步新成果，展示新时代中国特色社会主义新成就，将先进的教育思想和理念融入教材之中，同时紧密结合学生的学习和生活实际，关注信息化环境下学生的发展需求。强调语言实践 教材以英语学习活动观为指导，以主题为引领，以语篇为依托，通过板块式设计将

5、语言知识与听、说、读、看、写等技能有机整合，强调学习过程和学习策略，突出活动目标，让学生用语言做事情，在实践中培养语言运用能力和创新思维。突出文化意识 教材通过展示多姿多彩的中外文化来培养学生对中华文化的认同和传承，加深对人类优秀文化的学习和鉴赏；通过让学生分析中外文化异同，发展其多元思维和批判性思维，增强学生跨文化理解和跨文化沟通能力，构建人类命运共同体意识。激发学习动机 教材以真实性、趣味性、规范性和经典性作为内容选编原则，主题覆盖面广，语篇题材和体裁丰富，活动呈现形式多样，版式设计生动活泼且富有美感，力求激发学生的学习兴趣和动机，引发他们积极思考、主动参与语言实践活动，提升英语学习效率。

6、满足不同需求 教材编排内容和活动设计既充分考虑学生的共同基础，又兼顾学生不同的能力水平和学习需求，提供了拓展性的教学内容，为教师灵活使用教材进行教学提供了便利，也切实促进学生的个性发展。本套教材为高中英语教学提供了丰富的教学资源。希望教材能够帮助同学们打下坚实的语言基础，提高英语水平，获得全面发展；同时也希望老师们能够充分利用教材，在实践中不断完善教学，取得良好的教学效果。编者 2020年4月前 言统编版CONTENTSReadingListening Unit 1 p.61Unit 2 p.68Unit 3 p.75Unit 4 p.82Unit 5 p.89A Short History

7、of Western PaintingIdentify changeAncient Chinese Art on ShowThe Starry NightHabits for a Healthy LifestyleFind the main idea of a paragraphLetters to the EditorMy Experiences with Computer GamesA Successful FailureInfer character traits and emotionsThe Reward for PerseveranceFan ZhongyanA Few Simpl

8、e Forms of English PoemsPoetry comprehensionWind on the Hill/Dream/A MatchExploring Poetry in ChinaClimate Change Requires World AttentionDraw a diagramReducing Water Pollution in the Li RiverSmall Waste,Big ProblemAn ink wash animation filmListen for signpost markersThe purpose of artBreaking and b

9、uilding habitsDistinguish facts from opinionsStress managementTalking about air pollutionSummarise informationA forest in the sandThe rescue Identify cause and effectHow to deal with adversityAttending a poetry contest Use your prior knowledgeRobert Burns and Auld Lang Synep.1p.13p.25p.37p.49ThemeWO

10、RKBOOKUNIT 1ARTUNIT 2HEALTHY LIFESTYLEUNIT 3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONUNIT 4ADVERSITY AND COURAGEUNIT 5POEMS统编版SpeakingWritingStructureAPPENDICESNotes p.96Grammarp.104Words and Expressions in Each Unit p.106Vocabularyp.112Irregular Verbsp.119Infinitives(2)as the predicativeInfinitives(3)as the subjectR

11、eview of relative clausesThe present perfect continuous tenseReview of tensesDirect speech&indirect speech*ProjectDo a talk showabout an artistDo a health surveyPrepare an environmental proposalGive a report on people who persevereOrganise a poetry contest*Video TimeQingming ShangHe TuDid Laughter E

12、volve to Make Us Healthy?Green School in UruguayAntarctic ChallengeThe Poet Su ShiAn announcement for an art exhibitionA letter to the editorA report on an environmental issueAn essay about Shackleton and his men on EnduranceA poemMaking a presentationAsking for and giving adviceAccepting and refusi

13、ng adviceReferring to common knowledgeExploring optionsPraising and encouragingPronunciation:read poetry aloud统编版统编版UNIT 1PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENTLove of beauty is taste.The creation of beauty is art.Ralph Waldo Emerson In this unit,you will 1 read about the history of Western painting and some famous

14、artists.2 hear and talk about works of art in different cultures.3 write an announcement for an art exhibition.4 explore the value of art.Look and discuss1 What can you see in the painting?2 What does the painting make you think about and how does it make you feel?3 Why do you think people create ar

15、t?ARTUNIT 1School of Athens1统编版Learn about different painting styles in Western artReading and Thinking1Before you read,look at the paintings in this section.What do you know about them?Do you know who painted them?2Read the passage and make a flow chart to show the changes in Western painting style

16、s.A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTINGWhat is Western art?It is hard to give a precise definition.As there have been so many different styles of Western art,it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western pa

17、inting over the centuries.The Middle Ages(from the 5th to the 15th century)During the Middle Ages,the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.Thus,artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes.Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional,and the main characte

18、rs were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance.This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone(12671337).While his paintings still had religious themes,they showed real people in a real environment.In particular,his paintings are set apart from other paint

19、ings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.The Renaissance(from the 14th to the 17th century)New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages.As a result,painters concentrated less on religious themes.They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.An i

20、mportant breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio(14011428).Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci(14521519),Michelangelo(14751564),and Raphael(14831520)built upon Giotto and Masaccios innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.Ano

21、ther innovation was the use of oil paints.With their deep colours and realism,some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil,this technique reached its height with Rembrandt(16061669),who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.In su

22、bject matter,the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us.Kings,nobles,and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mytholo

23、gy.Finally,most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.Identify changeTo help identify the changes that an article talks about,look for words that express change,such as development,breakthrough,innovation,begin,and shift,and the construction from to.Self-Portrait wi

24、th Shaded Eyes2UNIT 1 ART统编版4Discuss the following questions in groups.Impressionism(late 19th to early 20th century)The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century.After that,paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looke

25、d like.Hence,painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.From this,Impressionism emerged in France.The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet(18401926)called Impression,Sunrise.In this work,Monets aim was to convey the light and movement in the scenethe subjectiv

26、e impression the scene gave himbut not a detailed record of the scene itself.While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life,others,such as Renoir(18411919),focused on people.Unlike the cold,black-and-white photographs of that time period,Renoirs paintings are full of light,shadow,c

27、olour,and life.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects,but their inner warmth and humanity as well.Modern Art(from the 20th century to today)After Impressionism,subsequent artists began to ask,“What do we do next?”Painters such as Picasso(18811973)tried to analyse the shapes which

28、 existed in the natural world but in a new way,with Cubism.Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality.Still others turned to abstract art.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality,but instead to ask the question,“What is art?”Impression,Sunrise3Match the paintings belo

29、w with the correct period of art.Use the information in the reading passage to help you.1Which period of Western art do you like most?Why are you fond of it?2How would you answer the question,“What is art?”The Middle Ages religious themesThe RenaissanceImpressionismModern ArtUNIT 1 ART3统编版Learning A

30、bout LanguageBuild up your vocabulary1In groups,brainstorm words and phrases concerning art and then make a mind map to connect them.2Read the passage about Monet and Impressionism.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words or phrases in the box.3Work in groups.Look up each group of word

31、s in the dictionary and discuss their differences.Then create a blank-filling activity based on your understanding of these words.Exchange your activity with another group and see how well you can do.be fond ofemergeinfluentialin particularpurchaserealisticsubjectivethemeaccurately/precisely/exactly

32、 rank/grade/degree realistic/practical/actualreputation/fame/popularity subsequent/later/latterEXAMPLEEXAMPLEsculptortoolsUnlike the earlier Realists who painted in a style,Impressionist painters focused more on their feelings of things and instant impressions.When Impressionism in France in the lat

33、e 19th century,artists became more interested in everyday subject matter.They were also fascinated by modern objects.As one of the most Impressionist painters,Claude Monet was impressed by the visual effects of the steam engine,and he later produced twelve paintings of a train station in Paris.In 18

34、83,Monet and his large family moved to Giverny,where he a house and some land for his gardens.During his days at Giverny,Monet painting his own gardens,with the water lilies,the pond,and the arched bridge.From this we can see that there were two clear apparent in his work throughout his career:colou

35、rs and reflections in water.realistic/practical/actual You need to have realistic expectations of the returns from investments.The bride appeared five years younger than her actual age.Mr Liu has a lot of practical experience in restoring historic buildings.fine artsculpturepaintingpainter4UNIT 1 AR

36、T统编版Discover useful structures 1Read these sentences and fill in the blanks using the correct words from the text on pages 2 and 3.Discuss with your partner the function of the italicised infinitives.2Match the sentence halves and underline the nouns or clauses used as the subject in each sentence.E

37、xplain the meanings of the complete sentences.3Work in pairs.Make conversations using the following questions and sentence patterns.1Perhaps the best to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.2During the Middle Ages,the of Western art was to teach

38、 people about Christianity.3In this work,Monets was to convey the light and movement in the scene 4 was no longer show reality,but instead to ask the question,“What is art?”1Whats your biggest dream/ambition in life?2How are you going to make your dream come true?3How are you going to achieve your g

39、oal?4Do you have any plans?5What might be difficult for you?6How are you going to deal with.?1The young singers intention of performing the song was 2The best way to do business is 3What the survivors attempted to do was 4The main purpose of art education in schools is5The aim of the two leaders at

40、the conference was 6For a humble person,one of the hardest things might be7When you are faced with a serious decision,my suggestion is8The mothers wish is9All he wanted after a tiring day wasAto build trust between you and your client.Bto achieve permanent peace between their two countries.Cto build

41、 a memorial to the heroes who saved their lives.Dto share his love for rock music with his fans.Eto be left alone.Fto criticise other people.G to inspire students to be creative.Hto listen to your own inner voice.Ito raise her son to become a man with a noble mind and a generous heart.UNIT 1 ART5 My

42、 biggest dream/ambition in life is to I think all I have to do is My plan is to I think one of the hardest things might be I guess the best way to is 统编版Using Language1 Before you listen,look at the following pictures and discuss the questions in groups.Use the words and phrases in the box to help y

43、ou.2 Listen to the presentation and put the following items in the order that you hear them.3 Listen again and answer the questions.Talk about works of artabcThese pictures are representative of ink wash animation films.Have you seen any of them before?What do you know about them?ink wash animation

44、filmink wash paintingQi Baishiframe Tadpoles Searching for MotherThe Cowboys Flute Feeling from Mountain and Waterguqinsymphonyhand-painted the background of ink wash animation films a short review of the film introduction to the topic of the presentation a description of the story in the film an ex

45、planation of the decline in ink wash animation1Which film does the speaker mainly talk about?2When were the three ink wash animation films produced?3Why is the film regarded as a masterpiece of Chinese ink wash animation?4What is the speakers attitude towards the ink wash animation style?5How do you

46、 feel about this kind of film?6UNIT 1 ART统编版Listening and Speaking4 Listen again and tick the signpost words that you hear.5 Work in groups.Choose a work of art you like and prepare information about it.Use the table below to help you.Then give a presentation about the work of art to the class.Liste

47、n for signpost markersSignpost markers are phrases and expressions that are used to tell a listener what is going to be talked about next.Speakers use signpost markers when they want to introduce a new topic,to start a new point,to give an example,to summarise,etc.By listening for signposts,you will

48、 be able to follow what is being said.IntroductionWelcome the audience:Introduce the subject:MainbodyBackground of the work of artDescription of the work of artReview of the work of artConclusionMaking a presentationIntroducing the topicIm glad to have this opportunity to Today,Id like to talk/speak

49、(to you)about My topic today is Id like to share some thoughts on Starting a pointLet me/Lets start by First,let me tell you about Ive divided my topic into parts:Lets turn now to Giving an exampleFor instance,For example,Take.for example,Let me illustrate,To illustrate,Let me give you an example,Su

50、mmarising the pointsIn conclusion,To conclude,In short,To sum up,All in all,In brief,UNIT 1 ART7统编版Using LanguageANCIENT CHINESE ART ON SHOWThe Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud to present our new exhibition,“From Shang to Qing:Chinese Art Through the Ages.”Join us as we explore more than 3,000

51、years of wonderful art from the Middle Kingdom.From bronze bowls to ceramic vases,and jade sculptures to ink wash paintings,our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.The highlight of this exhibition is the painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass,one of the great w

52、orks of Tang Yin(14701524).Born during the Ming Dynasty,Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service,so he turned to painting instead.In time,he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known.This painting,showing high mountains,trees,and houses covered in snow

53、,was made with extraordinary skill.Though it is over 500 years old,it looks as fresh and full of life as the day it was created.Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty(1600 BCE1046 BCE).While the artists who made these great works are not known,they s

54、howed great skill in creating these beautiful pieces.Some of the items on display are thought to have come from the collection of Emperor Qianlong(17111799),a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze.Finally,we have many fine examples of Tang Dynasty(618907)sculptures.Most of these are of Buddhist orig

55、in.Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier,it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century.During this same period,trade along the Silk Road also boomed.Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the S

56、ilk Road.These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality.Looking at the faces of the figures in these sculptures,one sees the faces of the past.History is brought to life.This is just a small taste of what is in store for you in this exhibition.We guarante

57、e that“From Shang to Qing:Chinese Art Through the Ages”will transport you to another time with its amazing collection of works.“From Shang to Qing:Chinese Art Through the Ages”will run until November 25.Opening hours are from 9:00 a.m.to 5:00 p.m.,from Tuesday to Sunday(the museum is closed on Monda

58、ys).No one will be admitted into the exhibition after 4:30 p.m.Admission:$10 for adults;$8 for students;$5 for children under 12;free for children under 5.No photos or food and drink are allowed in the museum.8UNIT 1 ART1 Read the text and discuss for whom it was written.Write an art exhibition anno

59、uncement统编版UNIT 1 ART9Highlights:The painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass,by.A collection of nearly 100.Many fine examples of.You will.Date:Now until.Opening hours:a.m.to p.m.Museum is closed on.Tickets:Adults$,Students$,Children under 12$5,Children under 5 freeNo photos or food and drink

60、 allowed in museum.4Exchange drafts with a partner.Use this checklist to give feedback on your partners draft.5Get your draft back and revise it.Then put up your announcement in the classroom.3You are now going to write an announcement for art club members about a trip to see an exhibition.2Read the

61、 text again and complete the advertising leaflet below.1Work in groups.Brainstorm the details about the exhibition and take notes.For example:What is the exhibition about?Where shall you meet?What are the highlights?How are you going to get there?When are you going?What should you bring?2Write your

62、announcement based on your notes.To:From:Subject:On,we will go to see.This exhibition is Is the announcement clear and to the point?Is all the necessary information about the exhibition and the trip included?Does the writer use correct grammar,punctuation,and spelling?NEW EXHIBITION“”More than of wo

63、nderful art from China on display.RICHFIELD MUSEUM OF FINE ARTTHE 统编版1 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.2 Use your own ideas to complete the sentences,using infinitives as the predicative.3 Look at the paintings below and identify each painting style.Explain how

64、you know.What new information concerning art have you learnt from this unit?Which artist mentioned in the unit do you like most?Why?Which art style would you like to learn more about?Why?Which part of this unit did you find the most difficult?How did you overcome it?Overall,I thought this unit was i

65、nteresting useful so-so difficult.REFLECTING dimensionemergeexhibitionguaranteeinvestmentpurchaserecognitionrepresentativevisualAssessing Your Progress1The first principle for any art collector is to only what you love.2If you are not interested in works of art by classical masters,contemporary art

66、by artists is also worthy of your attention.3In the art market,no one can that an artist will be a good.4The art competition gives young artists a chance to gain from the most respected art professionals.5Different from other art forms,sculpture operates in three.6The From Rembrandt to Vermeer is qu

67、ite of the Dutch Golden Age of art.1If you want to learn how to paint,my advice is.2My plan for the summer holiday is.3The most challenging thing for me might be.4My ideal job is.5If you want to be successful,the least you could do now is.6What I want to do this weekend is.10UNIT 1 ART统编版*Project:Do

68、 a talk show about an artistYou are going to make a role-play of a talk show which has a famous artist as the guest.1In groups,brainstorm a list of famous artists and their representative works.Here are some ideas.2Decide on which artist your group is going to talk about.3Choose one person to be the

69、 talk show host,one person to be the artist,and the remaining members to be a family member,a friend,a teacher,or an art critic.Have each person do research on the artist and prepare notes on what he/she will say.4Now role-play your talk show before your class.La Primavera,by Sandro Botticelli(14451

70、510)Le Pote,by Auguste Rodin(18401917)Shrimps,by Qi Baishi(18641957)talk show host:questions for the guests artist:biography of the artist,philosophy towards art,details about his/her most representative works family:What was the artist like when he/she was a child or growing up?What was it like liv

71、ing with the artist?What do they think of the artists talent and work?friend:How did they meet the artist?What is the artist like as a person?What do they think of the artist and his work?teacher:What was the artist like as a student?Could he/she imagine that the artist would grow up to be famous?ar

72、t critic:How is the artists work critically received?Notes for doing the talk show:Keep in mind that guests may have different opinions as to what the artist is like and how talented he/she was,so they should feel free to disagree and discuss.If possible,the group should also find large photos or po

73、sters of the artists representative work to be used as talk show exhibits.Towards the end of the talk show,the host should go out into the“audience”(i.e.,the class)and take questions from the audience.UNIT 1 ART11统编版BEFORE YOU WATCHWhat do you know about the Chinese painting Qingming Shang He Tu?Rea

74、d the statements below and decide whether they are true(T)or false(F).1Qingming Shang He Tu is no more than 24 cm wide and 520 cm long.2The painting was once lost for some time and hundreds of copies were made.3It is believed that the version in the Palace Museum is the Song Dynasty original paintin

75、g.4The painting shows life along the Yellow River during the Qingming Festival.5The painting scroll also includes a short biography of Zhang Zeduan and the seals of its previous owners.WHILE YOU WATCH1 Check the answers in Before You Watch.2 Take notes about the details that are displayed in the pai

76、nting.Left RightThe cityThe first city gateThe roads leading to the city The RainbowBridgeThe road and the riverThe countrysideAFTER YOU WATCHDiscuss the following questions in groups.1What does the following statement mean:“This paintings great appeal is that it provides us with a look into ordinar

77、y peoples lives in the Song Dynasty”?Who do you think the painting is most appealing to?2Do you know of any other paintings like this one?Qingming Shang He TuOne of the most famous Chinese paintings in the world is the Qingming Shang He Tu or Along the River During the Qingming Festival,by Zhang Zed

78、uan,a court painter for the emperor during the Northern Song Dynasty.*Video TimeTFTFTFTFTF12UNIT 1 ART统编版UNIT 1PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENTHEALTHY LIFESTYLEUNIT 2UNIT 2HEALTHY LIFESTYLE Look and discuss1 How do you think the people feel in the photos?2 Do you think they are all leading a healthy lifestyle?

79、Why or why not?In this unit,you will 1 read about developing a healthy lifestyle.2 hear and talk about breaking and building habits.3 read about making good lifestyle choices and write your own story.4 explore a lifestyle experiment and its results.The greatest wealth is health.Virgil 13统编版Reading a

80、nd Thinking14UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLELearn to develop good health habits1Before you read,discuss these questions in groups.2Read the text and find out what main ideas are included in it.Tick the correct ones.HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE1Are bad habits easy to change?Why or why not?2What habits do

81、you think are unhealthy?3What can you do to correct these bad habits?As teenagers grow up,they become more independent and start making their own decisions.However,during this period,it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.These bad habits,if left unchecked,could lead to more serious ones

82、 when they become adults.For example,some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse,which can lead to physical and mental health problems.To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenagers life is essential.They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriat

83、e changes.To change bad habits is never easy,even with many attempts.There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle:“We are what we repeatedly do.”In many ways,our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made.We make a choice to do something,and then we repeat it over and over again.S

84、oon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change.The good news is that we can change,if we understand how habits work.According to modern psychology,we must first learn about the“habit cycle”,which works like this:Firstly,there is a“cue”,an action,event,or situation

85、that acts as a signal to do something.Secondly,there is a“routine”,the regular action you take in response to the cue.Thirdly,there is the“reward”,the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.THE HABIT CYCLEROUTINEREWARDCUEFind the main idea of a paragraphThe main idea is sometimes stated in ei

86、ther the opening or closing sentence.If not,look for another“standout”sentence,or summarise the paragraph in your mind by asking yourself,“What is it mainly about?”A How to change a bad habit and create good onesB The cycle of how habits are formedC Habits that can help us study betterD Changing hab

87、its graduallyE No easy way to change bad habitsF What a habit is G Why bad teenage habits should be changed统编版ROUTINECUEREWARDUNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE153Read the text again and answer the questions.4Work in groups.Complete the tasks.For example,when we feel unhappy(cue),we eat lots of unhealthy snac

88、ks(routine),which makes us feel happy(reward).The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle,and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits,we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this b

89、y combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.For example,we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive.So,when we feel unhappy again(cue),rather than eat snacks,we could listen to some of our favourite music instead(routine),which will make

90、us feel relaxed(reward).Aside from changing bad habits,we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits.For example,when we come to an escalator(cue),our normal routine is to ride it,but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.Many of us try to cha

91、nge bad habits quickly,and if we are not successful straight away,we often become pessimistic and give up.In fact,the most successful way to change is not suddenly,but over a period of time.As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote,“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”One step see

92、ms small,but it is essential.To reach the goal of change,a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.After all,it is not easy to break bad habits.For young people,there is plenty of time to change bad habits.However,there is no“magic pill”or delete button that will help y

93、ou;you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!1How can a choice lead to a habit?2What are the three stages of the habit cycle?3What should we do to change a bad habit?4How can a person use discipline to

94、help change a bad habit?5Will you use the habit cycle to break your bad habits?Why or why not?1Think of one bad habit and write down the cue,routine,and reward.Then come up with an idea of how to break the bad habit.2Do you know any alternative ways to better habits?Discuss with your partner which w

95、ay you think is most effective.统编版Learning About LanguageBuild up your vocabulary 2Find“verb+a habit”collocations from the previous text.Then make sentences with them.3Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.Add more sentences or paragraphs to the passage if possible.exa

96、mine dominate facilitate rely onalcoholappropriatecuecyclenegativepillpsychologyrewardtobaccodisciplineSimply speaking,a healthy lifestyle is about finding the right balance and making good choices.Life is composed of many elements,such as family,friends,study,work,entertainment,and so on.If one ele

97、ment your life and the others are ignored,you will lose balance and not feel good.Carefully your daily activities.Your health what you choose to do in your daily life.A healthy lifestyle is generally a balanced life in which you make wise choices.Neither too much nor too little is good.Slowly change

98、s in your lifestyle by using a step-by-step process.You do not have to change everything at once.Make small changes each day and your lifestyle will become healthier.form a habitchange a habit16UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE1Complete the summary using the words from the box below.Teenagers often have bad

99、habits.Most can be stopped by taking action.However,habits like and abuse can lead to serious addictions.According to modern,to change bad habits,we must first analyse them using the“habit”.To fix or improve a bad habit,we must first find out what the is.Then we must change the old routine to someth

100、ing more positive.If successful,we will feel a sense of and our bad habit may disappear.Changing a bad habit is difficult,and it is easy to make excuses and give up.We need to make up our minds and show some,and make small changes over time.There is no magic to help us,but changing will ensure we ha

101、ve a happy and healthy life!统编版Discover useful structures1To change bad habits is never easy.2It took the surgeon three hours to finish my mothers lung surgery.3To join the Peoples Liberation Army,it is required for men to shave off their beards.4It was not polite to disturb your neighbours with lou

102、d music last night.begin withbe in control ofmake a choicedecide onmake up ones mind1important/avoid/passive cigarette smokingIt is important to avoid passive cigarette smoking.2will take/nutrition specialist/a balanced diet menu/make/an hour/for you3useful/turn to/fitness consultant/for advice4ille

103、gal/dangerous/take/drugs5harmful/skip breakfast/often1A:Hello,doctor.I want to lose weight,but I just cant seem to do it.What can you do to help me?B:Well,first,its necessary to what you eat.Cut out all fatty food and sugary drinks,and eat more fruit and vegetables.2A:I really need to a way to exerc

104、ise more.I could use a fitness app,but my phones full.B:So delete a few files.Im sure the app doesnt take up much space.3A:Before exercising,always do a few warm-ups to.B:I know.But then I always feel too tired to continue!4A:Should I go for the pizza or the fried chicken?I hate like these.You know

105、whatIm going to eat both!B:Wow!Dont eat too much junk foodyoull get fat.Ive actually to go on a diet,so Ill just stick to the fruit salad.UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE171Look at the following sentences and pay attention to the italicised infinitives.Find more infinitives in the reading passage.In pairs,d

106、iscuss their meanings and functions.2Join the words to make full sentences,and then join the sentences to make a paragraph.You can add your own sentences if necessary to make your paragraph more meaningful.3Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the phrases in the box.统编版Using Language

107、1 Look at the pictures.What choices or preferences make it easier for people to develop these bad habits?2 Listen to the conversation and complete the chart below.3 Listen again and answer these questions.Give advice on changing bad habits1Why is a good nights sleep important for the first student?2

108、Why does the second student never exercise?3What is the experts bad habit?Do you think it is a health problem?4What would you advise the expert to do to control this habit?2 using a phone too much1 not sleeping enough5 drinking too much coffee4 overspending3 overeatingStudent 2Student 1ProblemCueRou

109、tineReward18UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE统编版Listening and Speaking4 Decide whether these statements from the conversation are facts(F)or opinions(O).Discuss the opinions with a partner and see if you agree on them.5 Work in pairs.Choose a bad habit from the table below and have a conversation with your p

110、artner about it.The expressions below may help you.It is important to know whether what the speakers say is a fact or an opinion.An opinion is a subjective statement and a fact is objective.A fact is what really is true,while an opinion is what you believe,often using phrases like“I think/believe”,“

111、in my opinion”,“to me”,and so on.Distinguish facts from opinions EXAMPLEA:I think Im watching too much TV.B:Yeah.Me too.C:In my opinion,you should spend your time on something more active instead.For example,try to get more exercise.B:OK,sure,Ill try that.A:Thats a nice thought,but I dont really enj

112、oy exercising.C:Hmm.How about reading more books instead?A:All right,maybe I can try that.1 It was a really interesting talk.2 It often takes me half an hour to fall asleep at night.3 You look tired.Not enough sleep,right?4 It is affecting my schoolwork.5 I failed in all my school subjects this seme

113、ster.6 I usually pick up my phone.7 I think the phone is the problem.8 A five-minute walk is so easy that it is hard to say no!sleeping too muchovereatinggame addictTV addictInternet addictstaying up too lateoverspending My problem is Im having problems with I cannot stop Please give me some advice

114、about I think/believe you should So,why dont you?Well,have you thought about?In my opinion,Asking for and giving advice Sure,Ill do that.Thats a good idea!Thats just what I need!Lovely!Great!Terrific idea!Sorry,but I Id like/love to,but Thats a good idea,but Thank you for telling me,but Its a nice t

115、hought,but I cannot because Accepting and refusing adviceUNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE19统编版Using Language1Two students attended the summer camp organised by the magazine Healthy Life and wrote to the editor.Read the letters and then complete the chart on page 21.Write a letter to the editor about your li

116、festyle20UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLEDear Editor,As I took part in the summer camp about personal life choices,I started to analyse my choices,especially what I did to relax and how it was affecting my whole life.After starting high school,I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games

117、.I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night.Playing was fun,but I felt even more worn out afterwards!So after the camp,I realised that it was very,very important to adjust my lifestyle.I decided to take control of my life and find other ways to relax.It was a big struggle not to join my

118、 friends in playing online games as Im mad for them.However,I realised that to succeed in quitting,I had to replace it with something else.So I thought about what to try.Rock climbing,bowling,watching comedies,and playing basketball were the things I thought of doing instead.Now my dad and I go rock

119、 climbing together monthly!It has enhanced the quality of my life,improving my health and increasing my happiness.I get refreshed through climbing,spend more time with my dad,and get to meet new friends.After six months of trying out new ways of relaxing,I feel much more energetic.I feel that I can

120、change myself for the better.And if thats true for me,then it might truly be possible to change the world for the better.As Gandhi said,“Be the change you want to see in the world.”Sincerely,George FieldingDear Editor,After I attended your summer camp about health and lifestyle choices,I realised I

121、hardly ever felt well,either physically or mentally.I often felt sleepy and dizzy,and lacked passion.Most worrying,though,I got the flu easily and experienced many toothaches,too.At the end of the camp I heard,“Change the world by changing yourself.”This stimulated my motivation.A dentist once exami

122、ned me and told me that too much sugar in my meals had damaged my teeth and health.I made up my mind to change two things in my life:to eat nothing with sugar and to exercise regularly.After that I stopped buying all the sweets,biscuits,and sugary drinks that I used to have every day.Whenever I went

123、 out with friends,I brought snacks from home,things that didnt have any added sugar:fruit,nuts,dried meat,etc.My exercise was very simple:I went outside every day for at least 30 minutes and did something active.Sometimes I played table tennis or badminton with my cousins.Other times I jumped on my

124、skateboard and rode around my neighbourhood,or just took a long walk.The results have been fantastic.I feel more dynamic and stronger than ever,in both body and mind.I sleep soundly at night now.I no longer suffer from a flu virus or toothaches either.Best of all,in my opinion,is how I feel about my

125、self.I feel like Im in control of my own life.To make choices about myself is within my own power.I CAN change myself.I just need to try.Yours truly,Wang Lu统编版3Write a letter to the editor about one aspect of your own lifestyle that you would like to change.4Exchange drafts with a partner.Use this c

126、hecklist to give feedback on your partners draft.5Get your draft back and revise it.Then share your letter with the rest of the class.Wang LuGeorge FieldingProblem did not feel felt,lacked got,experienced felt felt even more after Decision to to to Action stopped exercises every day for goes Result

127、more in sleeps,no longer feels like feels much more feels he can 2Analyse the organisation of the letters.Label the paragraphs using the letters below.Some paragraphs may cover more than one topic.Aidentifying problem(s)Bconsidering what to doCwhat he/she has done to changeDthe results Does the lett

128、er say what the writers problem is?Does the letter explain the decisions the writer made to solve the problem?Does the letter show the ways to change?Are the results included in the letter?Can you see the writers attitude and determination in the letter?Is the letter clear and complete?1Brainstorm w

129、ith your partner.What lifestyle habit you would like to change Why you want to change How you plan to change What result you hope to see2Draft your letter to the editor.Use the organisation of the letters above to help you.UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE21统编版Assessing Your ProgressDo you know what a health

130、y lifestyle is after finishing this unit?What is the most useful thing that you have learnt in this unit?How can you use what you have learnt to improve your lifestyle?What new words and expressions have you learnt in this unit?Can you use the infinitive as the subject properly in different situatio

131、ns?Overall,I thought this unit was cool useful just OK difficult.REFLECTING 1Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.2There are eight mistakes underlined in the passage.Correct them,read the passage again,and then give a title to it.monthlydisturbharmfulcigarettesurgeryc

132、onsultantMy father used to smoke far too often and was always coughing,which me greatly.One day,I spoke to the health at my school.He said the nicotine in tobacco is and can do great damage to my fathers lungs.Then I persuaded my father to see a lung specialist.The specialist said my father should m

133、ake a plan to smoke less,otherwise he may need in the future.Im so glad my father agreed to make a plan to break his bad habit!It is not easy to manage stress successfully.When you are stressed,every problem you have seems become worse.Serious stress can also lead to health issues,such as dizziness,

134、skin conditions,and breathing problems.So that is best to find a solution as soon as possible.For minor stress,to wash your face with cold water or go for a short walk outside.To fight long-term stress,it is a great idea taken up a new hobby.Do something you really liketo ride a skateboard,go bowlin

135、g,or watch a comedywhatever stimulates your mind and makes you feel happy.Absorbing stress effectively,however,you must be sure to do something that completely takes your mind off everything else.If you can find something else to concentrate for a while,you will most certainly feel much more refresh

136、ed later on.So remember,to free yourself from stress,try and find something positive replace it with.After all,it is far too stressful to stress all the time!22UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE统编版*Project:Do a health surveyUNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE231How well are your classmates looking after their physical a

137、nd mental health?Work in groups and make a survey.Design a multiple-choice questionnaire to collect information.Use online survey tools if possible to help you make,distribute,and analyse your questionnaires.2Each person in your group should help make the survey.Then ask classmates outside your grou

138、p to take the survey.3Collect and analyse the survey results by creating pie charts,bar charts,or other ways of summarising data.4Prepare a written or oral report,giving general recommendations for how to solve the most common lifestyle problems that you have found among your classmates.PHYSICAL HEA

139、LTH1Ask questions about what to eat and drink,such as staple foods,snacks,drinks,and other substances,etc.EXAMPLEHow often do you skip meals?never once a day several times a week others:2Ask questions about what to do with ones body,such as sitting,exercise,sleeping,etc.MENTAL HEALTH1Ask questions a

140、bout what people do in their spare time,such as reading,watching TV,usingphone/Internet,playing video games,etc.2Ask questions about what people do to feel better when they are stressed,unhappy,or angry.3Ask questions about what to do with ones mind,such as learning new things for fun,doing creative

141、 activities,etc.EXAMPLEHow Often Meals Are Skipped统编版BEFORE YOU WATCHLook at the pictures below and answer the questions.1 What do you think these people are doing?ASinging.BPractising laughter yoga.CDoing belly laughs.2 Why do you think they are doing this?ATo amuse themselves.BTo tell everyone how

142、 happy they are.CTo reduce the likelihood of a heart attack or stroke.3 How do you think they feel?WHILE YOU WATCH1 Check your answers in Before You Watch.2 Answer these questions.1 What do adults not necessarily remember?2 Aside from making us feel good,what else does laughter do according to resea

143、rch?3 What happens when you have 510 minutes of laughter,besides your blood vessels opening up like you have gone jogging or taken cholesterol medication?4 What does it mean when we say that laughter is contagious?5 What will a mother usually do if she tickles her baby and the baby fusses or cries?6

144、 Which do you think is more important for bringing out the benefits of laughter,the act of laughing or the social interaction connected to it?What are your reasons?AFTER YOU WATCHDiscuss these questions in groups.1 How does laughter make you feel?2 What is your way to make other people laugh?Do you

145、think the ability to create laughter is some kind of talent?Did Laughter Evolve to Make Us Healthy?Laughter is a natural medicine for preserving our health.It helps us to ease pain,feel good,keep the blood vessels healthy,and is good for our soul and heart.*Video Time12324UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE统编版

146、UNIT 1PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT3UNIT ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONEarth provides enough to satisfy every mans needs,but not every mans greed.Mohandas K.Gandhi In this unit,you will 1 read about different environmental problems.2 listen to an interview with an expert and talk about air pollution.3 write a rep

147、ort on an environmental issue.4 learn more about environmental issues and ways to protect our planet.Look and discuss1 Where do you think this photo was taken?2 What does this photo make you think of?25统编版Reading and Thinking1Before you read,look at the graph and the picture below and discuss these

148、questions in groups.2Read the text and answer the questions.Discuss climate change1What is the graph about?What information can you get from it?2Have you ever seen the photo before?What might be the story behind it?1What happened to the polar bear in the photo?Why did the writer write about it?2Why

149、is the“natural”greenhouse effect important and necessary?3What are the consequences of high greenhouse gas emissions?4Why did the author mention the climate scientists warning?5What is the authors purpose of writing this text?In 2013,a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear

150、that was found on Norways Arctic island of Svalbard.According to the scientists who found its dead body,all that remained of the polar bear was“skin and bones”.An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died

151、.Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before,so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earths ecology.Then what is causing the increase in t

152、he global average surface temperature?Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the“greenhouse effect”,which has two common meanings:the“natural”greenhouse effect and the“man-made”greenhouse effect.The“natural”-0.6-0.4-0.200.20.40.60.811.219201928193619441952196019681976198419922

153、00020082016Temperature Anomaly(C)YEARGlobal Surface Temperature:1920-2016 Base PeriodTemperature Anomaly()26CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLDS ATTENTIONWe have known about climate change for decades.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer(see the graph).A warming ocean and atmo

154、sphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.统编版greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earths surface as short-wave radiation.The heat is released back into space at longer wave le

155、ngths.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,such as methane and carbon dioxide,trap some of the heat,keeping Earths climate warm and habitable.Without this process,Earth could not sustain life.However,the“man-made”greenhouse effect has now become a big problem.When people produce huge amounts of extra

156、greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels,more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earths surface temperature to rise quickly.There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide,not only caus

157、ing serious damage,but also costing human lives.Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions,this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.In fact,news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing dea

158、ths and economic losses.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenho

159、use gas emissions.We as individuals can also reduce our“carbon footprint”by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming,along with its causes and impacts,because this is the most serious

160、issue affecting all of us on this planet.So what will you do to help?3Read the text again and create a diagram describing how the greenhouse effect works.4Discuss these questions in groups.1What examples of extreme weather and disasters do you know?Can you make a list?2Do you think climate change is

161、 the result of human activity?Give your reasons.3Who do you think should take responsibility for dealing with climate change?What can we do?Draw a diagramDiagrams are very useful tools that can be used to brainstorm ideas,map out processes,show cause and effect relationships,explain a new idea or co

162、ncept,and so on.When you read an essay about scientific issues,you can try drawing a diagram,which will not only allow you to visualise the problems more clearly but also can help demonstrate your creative thinking and problem-solving.27统编版Learning About Language1Complete the sentences with the corr

163、ect forms of the words in the box.2Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.3The following words and phrases can all mean“to make something happen”.Look them up in the dictionary and discuss their differences.Then create sentences of your own using each of them.Build up yo

164、ur vocabularybroadcast comprehensive ecology starve seize fuel policy release restrict sustain trend cause be responsible for bring about lead to result in 1The Amazon basin,known as the“lungs of the world”,not only provides some balance for the planet,but also food and resources for the local nativ

165、es.2Thousands of baby penguins to death because the changing climate forced their parents to leave them and travel long distances in search of food.3Many experts link Chinas economic success to the reform that China has undergone since 1978.4The speaker said the media should make more that spread aw

166、areness of the climate crisis and possible solutions.5To deal with climate change,we must the initiative to do whatever is necessary to protect our environment.Carbon dioxide is through human activities such as destroying forests and burning fossil,as well as natural processes such as volcanic erupt

167、ions.The measurements by climate experts show a rising of carbon dioxide emissions.If this continues,our planet will face further environmental disasters.In response to this environmental issue,China is implementing significant and measures to address climate change,aiming to coal consumption,promot

168、e a harmonious relationship between man and nature,build a energy system,and advocate a moderate,green,and low-carbon lifestyle.EXAMPLEAccording to the report submitted by researchers,between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.A

169、 breakdown in the computer system was responsible for yesterdays chaos in the subway station.28UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION统编版1Work in groups.Look at the sentences in both columns and discuss the differences between each pair.Summarise the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech.2He

170、re are some statements and questions by children who attended scientific lectures.Guess who they were talking to and then change the sentences into indirect speech.3Work in groups.Do a survey on what your group members are doing to help the environment and what else they can do.Then report to the cl

171、ass.Discover useful structures Direct SpeechIndirect Speech1The expert said,“From the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.”The expert said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.2The reporter asked,“Will polar bears die out

172、 because of climate change?”The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.3The reporter asked,“How can we save polar bears from extinction?”The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.4“Lets work together to stop climate change,”the expert said.T

173、he expert advised us to work together to stop climate change.NameStatements/QuestionsDiane“What made Hurricane Katrina unusual?”“Was it the worst natural disaster in American history?”Martha“I want to become a scientist and help the world.”“Im doing a project on behalf of my school about global warm

174、ing.”Bob“Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic?”“Could you explain how the nuclear disaster happened?”Laura“How many animals have disappeared because of human hunting?”“What can we do to help wild animals?”Vincent“Ive never been to the Amazon Jungle.”“Will scientists discover new species there?”Mic

175、helleI always use my cloth bag when I go shopping,rather than use plastic bags.JackI often walk or ride a bike instead of taking a taxi.SallyDont print out documents unless really necessary.JoeWould it be best to share books with others?EXAMPLEI asked my group members what they did to limit the amou

176、nt of carbon dioxide produced in their daily lives.Jack told me that he often walked or rode a bike instead of taking a taxi.Joe advised us to share books with others.Sally asked us.UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION29统编版Using LanguageTalk about air pollution1Before you listen,look at the pictures belo

177、w and discuss the questions in groups.2Listen to an interview with an air pollution expert and decide whether the statements are true(T)or false(F).1The expression“smog”originated in Britain and means a combination of“smoke”and“fog”.TF2Smog became a severe problem in Britain because people at that t

178、ime burnt lots of fossil fuels.TF3The worst smog in British history happened in London in 1942.TF4The Great Smog of London claimed 5,000 lives.TF5Later,the UK government ordered people not to burn wood in their homes.TF1What information can you get from these pictures?2How do these situations influe

179、nce your life?30UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION统编版4Work in groups.Discuss the questions.The expressions in the box may help you.1Have you experienced heavy smog where you live?Have you seen photos of big cities under clouds of smog?What is it like?2What do you think are the major causes of smog in C

180、hina?3What measures have the government and citizens taken to help address the problem?Summarise informationIn active listening,summarising helps you review the key points of a speakers message.In order to write a good summary,you must take notes of the most important points as you listen.When summa

181、rising,you need to be as concise as possible and use your own words.Vehicle restrictionTree planting3Listen again and take notes on what the expert said.Then summarise the information you got from the interview.Ben Drake,an expert on air pollution,is being interviewed on the radio.He said that smog

182、was a severe problem century in Britain.At that time,Britain was experiencing a boom in.Factories and homes,which created smog.He also mentioned the heavy smog in London in 1952.Later the UK government restricted in homes and forced factories to.As smog is harmful to everyone,the expert advised us t

183、o,use,and further develop.Everyone knows that There is no doubt that Most people think that We all know that As is known to all,It is obvious that Referring to common knowledgeUNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION31统编版Using Language1Look at the title and the picture below and discuss the questions.2Read t

184、he report and then answer the questions.REDUCING WATER POLLUTION IN THE LI RIVERWrite a report on an environmental issueThe beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in Chinas Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.It attracts millions of dom

185、estic and foreign visitors each year.However,its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects on the rivers water quality.This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it.Previously,water quality in the Li River had suffered greatl

186、y from an increasing volume of tourists,many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.Many tour boats contributed to the problem too.Kitchens on board were using lots of oil,which was often thrown into the water.The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly,as well as the

187、 number of commercial and industrial enterprises.Water pollution levels increased,with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.In order to feed more people,more chemicals were used to increase crop production.These chemicals led to severe water quality issues,causing a decrease in

188、 the number of fish species.Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the rivers original beauty.A comprehensive initiative was started,with a number of measures that addressed the issues.The construct

189、ion of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation.The collection and transport of household waste was also improved.Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.The local government set up strict regulations regarding further industrial development.New

190、 rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods.Furthermore,1What do you know about the Li River?Have you ever been there?2What do you think might have caused water pollution in the Li River?32统编版3Study the organisation and language features.4Use what you have lea

191、rnt to write a report on an environmental issue.5Exchange drafts with a partner.Use this checklist to give feedback on your partners draft.6Get your draft back and revise it.Then present your report to the class.1What were some of the negative effects on the Li River as a result of the growth in tou

192、rism?2What measures have been taken to improve the Li Rivers water quality?3What is the“River Chief System”?1Read the text again and complete the paragraph summaries.1Choose an environmental problem that directly affects you or your local community.Research the issue on the Internet.Consider the fol

193、lowing questions:What is the issue?Why does it need to be dealt with?Where does the issue occur?What are its causes?What effects does it have?What actions have been taken so far?What future actions are planned?Has the issue been dealt with well?Is it likely to be solved completely?Why or why not?Wha

194、t alternative solutions are possible?2Write your report.2Draw a mind map to show all the factors that caused the pollution.Paragraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Paragraph 4Introducing the topicDescribing the Presenting somePresenting furtherDoes the writer describe the environmental issue clearly?Do the

195、measures taken to deal with it sound effective?Does the writer use correct grammar,punctuation,and spelling?the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy.At the same time,they started to carry out inspections regularly and fi

196、ne tourist organisations for abuses.With these measures,it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.In addition,the ambitious“Water Ten Plan”is also now tackling water pollution across the country.Other initiatives,such as the“River Chief System”,hold sen

197、ior officials responsible for reducing water pollution.With such campaigns in effect,Chinas waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future.UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION33统编版Assessing Your Progress1Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.2Report the direct

198、speech in Activity 1.garbage harmonious initiative restrict restore dozenREFLECTING What new words and expressions have you learnt from this unit?Can you report others statements,requests,or questions fluently and accurately?If not,what are your difficulties?What have you learnt about environmental

199、issues from this unit?What are you going to do to help solve the environmental problems we are facing?Overall,I thought this unit was interesting useful so-so difficult.When asked by a TV reporter to talk about air and water quality in his hometown,(1)Qi Mu noted,“The air is great now,and we can tak

200、e more walks and enjoy being outdoors again.”He felt quite pleased because the villagers were living with nature once more.However,he could not forget about an earlier time when his village had been struggling with a serious air quality problem.In the 1990s,from a nearby city was usually brought to

201、the village.(2)“How can we make use of this?”the villagers wondered.Soon they found that garbage could be used to feed pigs.(3)“Over the next few years,of pig farms were set up,”Qi recalled.But then nobody in the village wanted to open their windows.(4)“The smell from the garbage and pig waste was m

202、aking us sick,”Qi said.The numbers of mosquitoes and flies were also horrifying.(5)“Under such circumstances,no single women wanted to marry anyone in our village and move here,”Qi sighed.The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation.So an was launched and a“clean-up”campaign was added to the

203、 government agenda,including large vehicles from passing through the village.Garbage from the city was no longer disposed of in the village,and more trees were planted.(6)“We can all breathe more freely now that the natural beauty of our village has been,”said Qi.1 2 3 4 5 6 34UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL P

204、ROTECTION统编版*Project:Prepare an environmental proposal1In groups,discuss the following questions.1What is the main environmental issue you want to address?Choose one from the list below,or think of your own.Plastic bag waste Energy conservation Waste sorting system for recycling Water conservation2W

205、hat small things can people do in their community to help?What simple inventions might help reduce the impact of the issue?Use the Internet to help you find ideas and take notes.3Will you give advice for people to follow?What is your advice?2Now create your project presentation.Use diagrams and illu

206、strations to show how your ideas will work.Use the example below for ideas.3Now present your proposal to the class.Each member should take turns to explain or show one part of the presentation.4After hearing all the presentations,discuss which proposals and presentations were the best and give sugge

207、stions for improving them.Take shorter showersTurn off the light when you are not in the roomInstead of turning up the heat,put on more clothesDont leave things like TVs and computers on standbyUnplug appliances that are not in useAdjust the amount of water for toilet flushesUse cold water to wash c

208、lothes when possibleUse energy-efficient light bulbsPut lids on cooking pots to cook fasterOUR PROJECT:SAVING ENERGY IN THE HOMEA lot of energy is wasted every day.We can make many small changes in our daily lives to help improve energy conservation.Here are our ideas for saving energy in the home:F

209、ollowing this advice can help reduce energy consumption and save money.UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION35统编版*Video TimeGreen School in UruguayThis video is about a green school in Uruguay that teaches its students about recycling,energy saving,and growing their own food.Built from recycled materials,

210、the school produces no waste and is powered by solar panels.BEFORE YOU WATCHHere are some photos from the video.In groups,use the following words and phrases to describe what is going on in the photos.WHILE YOU WATCH1 Check your answers in Before You Watch.2 Answer these questions.1 Where is Uruguay

211、?2 Why is the school“autonomous”?3 What nickname does the US architect Michael Reynolds call himself?4 Who else other than the students learn from the workshops?5 How does one student educate his mother about waste?AFTER YOU WATCHDiscuss these questions in groups.1 Do you know any similar projects i

212、n your city or country?How do people reuse and recycle trash to create new things and technologies?2 In small groups,discuss other ways trash could be reused and recycled.What things could you make?What kinds of trash could you use?solar panelstrashschoolreuse build tin cansplantsvolunteersgrow food

213、collect old car tyreslearnchildrenteach14253636UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION统编版UNIT 1PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENTGreat works are performed not by strength,but perseverance.Samuel Johnson In this unit,you will 1 read about Shackletons Antarctic expedition.2 listen to the crew members talk about their own

214、experiences during the expedition.3 write an essay about the story.4 learn about explorers and other outstanding people and how they overcame adversity.Look and discuss1 What happened to the ship in the photo?2 How would you feel and what would you do if you were on this ship?ADVERSITY AND COURAGEUN

215、IT 437统编版Explore the spirit of adventureReading and Thinking1Read this advertisement that was posted by a famous British explorer.Discuss the questions with your group members.2Read the text and answer the questions.for a dangerous journey:small wages,bitter cold,long months of complete darkness,con

216、stant danger,and safe return uncertain.Honour and reward will follow if it is successful.Ernest ShackletonMEN WANTED1According to the advertisement,what kind of men was Ernest Shackleton looking for?2Would you like to join an expedition like this?Why or why not?A SUCCESSFUL FAILUREPerce Blackborow j

217、oined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914.Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions.Below are some of Blackborows diary entries.31 Oct 1914 Well,it so happened that on

218、e morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackletonthis is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.And I was ready for it.At the age of 19,I am fit and full of vigour.However,when I applied t

219、o join the expedition,Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasnt qualified.But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship,the Endurance,and hid in a small cupboard.Unfortunately,three days after we set off I was disc

220、overed.Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job,but only after he promised me,“If anyone has to be eaten,then you will be the first!”He assigned me to be a steward,and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men,three times a day.How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them

221、 about the amazing places I have been to!21 Nov 1915The journey has not been easy.Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck!We saw the ship get crushed by the ice.And when the ship sank,our hearts sank with it.Before we aba

222、ndoned the ship,Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential suppliesthe small boats,our food,the cook stove,candles,clothes,and blankets.This was no time to panic.We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings,and Shackleton himself threw away all his g

223、old.But to our surprise,he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo.Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up.We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive,but spring is coming,and the ice will soon begin to melt.38UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE统编版3What do the highlighted words mean?Use

224、 your own words to explain them.4Read the text again and discuss the questions with your partner.5Imagine you are Perce Blackborow.Write a message in a bottle to explain your situation and ask for help.1How did Blackborow come to join the expedition?2What happened to Endurance?What did the crew memb

225、ers have to do?3What did Shackleton do to make sure they could survive?1How did Blackborows feelings about being on the expedition change as the days passed?2What personal qualities did Shackleton,Wild,and Blackborow exhibit?Find examples from the text to support your answers.To infer means to guess

226、 something based on the evidence.When inferring character traits and emotions in a story,you need to look at the characters words and actions.What do these tell us about their personal qualities and feelings?Infer character traits and emotions20 May 1916We have been struggling for days,but things on

227、 Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place.Soon after we arrived,Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island,1,320 kilometres awaythe voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to ma

228、ke it in our small boats.If Shackleton fails,will we have any hope of rescue?No.No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island,and no one else knows that we are here.I feel low.Its cold and windy.The island has no plants.Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat.Otherwise,there i

229、s no food.I try to think of happier things:decent food,warm and dry clothes,a cosy bedroom,sunny days,and my mothers face However,these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.I shouted,“Shut the door!”“Hold on now,Perce.Dont you go turning into another Tom,”came the reply.“

230、Weve caught another penguin,so its penguin soup tonight!”Bless Frank Wild,the kindest man there is after our leader,Ernest Shackleton.How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees!Without Frank and Ernest,wed all be dead by now.Their genuine concern for others,their perseverance

231、,and their resolve fill me with hope.Perhaps there is a chance we will return home,after all.Ernest Shackleton UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE39统编版Learning About LanguageBuild up your vocabulary1Find the suitable adjectives from the previous text to complete the sentences.The first letter of each word

232、has been given.2Choose the appropriate word to complete each sentence.3Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.abandon aboard assign crew cupboard resolve set off sinkturn down voyage1He behaves in a d manner and we think he is a real gentleman.2With the gentle music,soft

233、 lights,and comfortable sofas,this caf is everything you need after a tiring day.It is a c and relaxing place.3He used to be so cross and b that nobody could tolerate him,but the birth of his son changed his life and made him a better person.4Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young.Although livin

234、g a m life,he had a very kind heart.5Try to learn from your mistakes and b failures.It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.6The young boy has demonstrated a g interest in the expedition to the Antarctic.1The fire alarm caused a panic/worry in the theatre and the crowd fled in al

235、l directions.2Although my grandpa is retired,he is very enthusiastic/concerned about volunteer work.3The officer was assigned/employed to conduct a thorough investigation into the incident.4The sun was sinking/falling behind the mountains when we reached the top.5It took him a lot of vigour/energy t

236、o move all the items of furniture inside the house.After seeing the advertisement in the newspaper,Perce Blackborow to join the Antarctic expedition led by Sir Ernest Shackleton no matter what challenges might lie ahead.Unfortunately,his application because he was too young and not qualified enough.

237、However,he managed to get the Endurance with his friends help.He hid in a,but was soon discovered and brought to Shackleton.Although the captain was angry,he the boy the job of cooking for the.Their did not go smoothly,and the Endurance became stuck in the ice.Before the Endurance was crushed and in

238、to the sea,Shackleton gave the order to ship,and the crew had to camp on ice.They then sailed to Elephant Island.Soon after that,Shackleton selected a boat party and for South Georgia Island to get help.40UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE统编版Discover useful structures1Look at the sentence in the present p

239、erfect continuous tense.Find more examples from the previous text and discuss the function of the tense.EXAMPLE This is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.2Read each situation and rewrite each sentence using the present perfect continuous tense.3Complete the sentences below using the correct

240、 tenses of the verbs in brackets.Then explain your reasons to your partner.4Work in pairs.Interview your partner about the things that he/she has been doing.The following questions might help you.1The dog started to bark about two hours ago.I really hope it will stop soon.The dog has been barking fo

241、r about two hours.I really hope it will stop soon.2Steve started to play rugby at the age of eight.Now he has become a professional player.3Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat.He looks a little tired after playing table tennis for two hours.4Diane hasnt got much

242、 sleep this week.She looks terrible today.5I tried to phone you this morning.I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.1For the whole morning,the board of directors (discuss)the resolution to increase wages in the coming year.2Jasons only recreation is painting.He (learn)how to paint

243、for over five years.3Even though we lost the game,we should be proud of ourselves because we (try)our best and (work)as a team.4He finally (finish)the research paper under his tutors guidance.5My nephew Sam (collect)comic books since he was five.Now he has more than two hundred of them.6The company

244、(launch)an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image.Do you have any hobbies or interests?How long have you been learning/playing?What have you been doing recently?UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE41统编版Using Language1 Shackleton and a team tried to sail to another island to find help.Look at th

245、e picture below and discuss the challenges you think they faced.2 Listen to one of the team members talk about the rescue plan and their journey.Complete the summary.3 Listen again and answer these questions.Learn how to handle challengesDuring a talk,a speaker can talk about cause and effect.Causes

246、 are often introduced with phrases like Due to,The reason for this is,and because,while effects are introduced by phrases like Thats why,This means,so as to,so that .Identify cause and effectThe team consisted of members.They sailed on rough seas for days before they landed on the side of South Geor

247、gia Island.Later they climbed over the mountains and the whaling station.Later,Shackleton arranged for a rescue boat to return to Island.Luckily,everyone was.1Why was it necessary for Shackleton to travel to South Georgia Island?2Why was it important to include a navigator in the team?3Why did Shack

248、leton choose the most difficult and unfriendly man to join the rescue mission?4Why did Shackleton look extremely old?South Georgia Island42UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE统编版Listening and Speaking4 Which two sailors do you think Shackleton chose to join the rescue team?Look at the list below and discuss

249、 in groups who you think should join the team.5 After you have selected your two sailors,present your choice to the class.Who should join the rescue team?NameSkillsQualities1 Frank Wild good leader experienced in exploring the Antarctic loyal,kind,and calm2 Frank Worsley excellent navigator experien

250、ced sailor odd behaviour at times,but liked by crew3 Tom Crean second officer experienced in living in the Antarctic strong,energetic,and brave 4 Hubert Hudson navigator best at catching penguins friendly and lively5 Thomas Orde-Lees efficient store keeper motor expert excellent skier selfish,lazy,a

251、nd bad-temperedExploring options What do you think(about)?Any ideas?How do you feel(about)?What are the alternatives?Lets look at Lets move on to the next candidate.What/How about?Should we move on to the next one?The expressions in the box below may help you with your discussion.EXAMPLEA:We have to

252、 decide on which two sailors Shackleton chose for his rescue team.Lets look at Frank Wild.B:He is a good leader and is experienced in exploring the Antarctic.So,I think hes suitable to join the rescue team.C:Hmm,I think we should move on to the next sailor.According to Perces diary entries,Frank Wil

253、d was left with the other crew members on Elephant Island.A:I agree.Lets move on to the next candidate.What do you think about Frank Worsley?B:Well,he is UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE43统编版THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE1 This is a continuation of the story of Shackletons men who were left on Elephant Isl

254、and.In pairs,predict what happened to the crew members.Then read the memoir below to see if your predictions were correct.Learn about optimism and perseveranceWe watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island.It was easy to imagine the danger ahead of them.Would they ever return

255、 to find us?What might happen to them?What if they were delayed?We felt so alone and desperate.But it was not for long.There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.Life fell into a regular pattern.Staying alive took all our time and energy.For example,we needed water,and Elepha

256、nt Island had none.We found that we could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it.But how could we make fire?There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil,so the only fuel we could use was animal fat.This gave off oily,black smoke,but it stayed burning even in strong winds.Food wa

257、s also a problem,as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island.One of our group members,Lionel Greenstreet,noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals:“The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures.”If it werent for sea animals,we would all starve.As a chef,it was my

258、duty to cook,so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could.But it was difficult.We had to be careful not to go outside too often,as the changing temperatures could make us ill.It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few

259、.The sweat could freeze very quickly.Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires.It damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs.Using LanguagePoint Wild,where Shackletons men were rescued in 191644UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE统编版2 Read the text again and answer t

260、he following questions.3 Based on the diary entries and the memoir you have read,write an essay about the story of Shackleton and his men on the ship Endurance.4Exchange drafts with a partner.Use the checklist to give feedback on your partners draft.5Get your draft back and revise it.Then put up you

261、r essay in your classroom or read it to the class.1Read the story again and think about the following questions.Make notes with your answers.How does the author describe Shackleton and his crew members?What kind of relationship did Shackleton have with his crew?What struggles did they face?What were

262、 the motives for their actions?What did you like most about the story?2Begin your essay with a brief summary of the story.Remember to include who,what,where,when,why,and how.3Use your notes and cite examples to explain what you think about the characters.4End your essay by talking about how the stor

263、y made you feel,and give your overall impressions of the expedition and the men who went on it.Explain why you feel this way.1What did the men eat and drink on the island?2What were the dangers of living on the island?3How did the men stay in good spirits while waiting to be rescued?4What do you thi

264、nk were the key reasons for their survival?5If you were one of the men on Elephant Island,would you have trusted Shackleton?Why or why not?Does the essay contain the main points in the story?Is the essay written in the writers own words?Does the writer give his/her opinion about the story?Does the w

265、riter present his/her ideas clearly by using linking words and phrases?The twenty-two of us lived like this in the cold for four months.Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way.We also celebrated our birthdays,festivals,and

266、even the times when we caught a sea animal.This was an episode in my life that I would never forget.When we were finally rescued,we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.We were at last free to go home to warm beds,good food,and the care of our family and friends.Our opti

267、mism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive.And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE45统编版1Complete the passage with the proper forms of the words in the box.2Complete the sentences with the correct forms of

268、the verbs in brackets.Assessing Your Progress What have you learnt from Earnest Shackleton and the Endurance expedition?What adjectives would you use to describe Shackleton and his crew?Give your reasons.What do you think are good ways to overcome adversity?Which part of the unit did you find the mo

269、st difficult?How did you cope with it?Overall,I thought this unit was interesting useful so-so difficult.REFLECTING candidate commitment cruel damp motive resolution wageOne hundred years ago,exploring the Antarctic was a dangerous business.Because of the weather and very little knowledge of how to

270、survive in the Antarctic,the chances of success were quite slim and many explorers died.The people who signed up for such voyages were paid low and had to tolerate poor working conditions and rough seas,along with the cold and weather.They also had to have a strong to finish what they had started no

271、 matter how hard it was,great personal discipline,and a firm to the other members of the team.Yet,many still applied to join such explorations.Some might have wanted to become famous.Others were looking for rewards.However,the for many was to experience a great adventure.1The philosophy of Confucius

272、,also known as Confucianism,deeply(influence)Chinese culture.2Henry (join)the navy when he was 20 and he (retire)now.3The girl (want)to meet the pianist ever since she (attend)his concert.4 you (hear)of the saying“Curiosity killed the cat”?5Your fridge (give off)a terrible smell.When you last (clean

273、)it?6As the children are older now,we (think)of moving to a bigger house.7My friend Maggie (ask)me to visit her for ages,but I not really (have)the time.8I (expect)the movie to end happily,but actually it has a sad ending.46UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE统编版*Project:Give a report on people who persever

274、eGive a report on people who have encountered adversity in their lives but have persevered and overcome the difficulties.1Work in groups.Brainstorm and make a list of possible candidates that you would like to conduct research on.2Choose three people to do your research on.Each person should come fr

275、om a different country and have faced a different challenge.3Here are the kinds of information you should gather:4After gathering the information you need,create an outline to help you organise ideas for your report.5Turn your outline into a report.Remember to include pictures.Then share your report

276、 with the class.EXAMPLENameGenderOccupationCountryFrdric Franois Chopin(March 1,1810October 17,1849)malecomposer,pianistPolandSima Qian(145 BCE?)malehistorianChinaLudwig van Beethoven(Dec 16,1770March 26,1827)malecomposerGermany Basic background information about the person Challenges that this pers

277、on faced How he/she overcame the difficulties His/Her subsequent achievements What people think of him/herUNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE47统编版BEFORE YOU WATCHRead the following events and try to number them in the correct order._ The climbers wait in their tents for the bad weather to pass._ The team t

278、ravels 64 kilometres over the ice and snow._ The team begins the climb again._ The team spends the night in tents that hang about 450 metres above the ground._ The team reaches the top of the mountain._ Lead climber Conrad Anker begins climbing Mount Rakekniven._ Jon Krakauer puts a flag on the top

279、of the mountain._ The weather changes._ The team is forced to climb down the peak.WHILE YOU WATCH1 Check your answers in Before You Watch.2 Answer the questions using information from the video.1 What is so special about Mount Rakekniven?2 What is Jon Krakauers main job on this climb?3 Apart from th

280、e steepness of the mountain,what makes this climb especially difficult?4 How long does the climb take in total?AFTER YOU WATCHDiscuss these questions in groups.1 Why do you think Krakauer wanted to climb another mountain again so soon after climbing Mount Qomolangma?2 The video says that the challen

281、ge of the climb was“not only physical,but personal”for Krakauer.What do you think this means?3 How might a difficult challenge help a person overcome sadness or other bad feelings?Antarctic ChallengeIn 1996,author and mountain climber Jon Krakauer attempted to climb Mount Qomolangma.While he was suc

282、cessful in his climb,the mountain was hit by bad weather that day,and eight other climberssome of his good friendswere killed.Less than a year later,Krakauer and five other men attempted to climb Mount Rakekniven in Antarctica.*Video Time148UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE统编版UNIT 1PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENTT

283、wo roads diverged in a wood,and II took the one less travelled by,And that has made all the difference.Robert Frost In this unit,you will 1 read a brief introduction on some simple forms of English poems.2 listen to a discussion about poetry and talk about how to write poems.3 write your own poems.4

284、 explore the characteristics of different forms of poems and learn to appreciate English poems.Look and discuss1 Do you understand the poem lines in the photo?Can you use your own words to explain them?2 When you think of the words“poem”or“poetry”,what comes to mind?POEMSUNIT 549统编版Appreciate differ

285、ent forms of English poemsReading and Thinking1Before you read,discuss the questions with your partner.1Compared with other forms of literature such as the novel,drama,and the short story,what are the characteristics of poetry?2Why do you think people write poems?A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMST

286、here are various reasons why people compose poetry.Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the readers mind.Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow.The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words,descriptive and vivid language,integ

287、rated imagery,literary devices such as similes and metaphors,and arrangement of words,lines,rhymes,and rhythm.Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves.Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.They

288、are usually the traditional poems or folk songs.The language of these rhymes,like Poem A,is to the point but has a storyline.Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme,have a strong rhythm,and often repeat the same words.The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory,but they ar

289、e easy to learn and recite.By playing with the words in nursery rhymes,children learn about language.One of the simplest kinds of poem is the“list poem”,which contains a list of things,people,ideas,or descriptions that develop a particular theme.List poems have a flexible line length and repeated ph

290、rases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.Some rhyme(like B and C),while others do not.2Read the text and complete the table on page 51.Hush,little baby,dont say a word,Papas gonna buy you a mockingbird.If that mockingbird wont sing,Papas gonna buy you a diamond ring.If that diamond r

291、ing turns to brass,Papas gonna buy you a looking glass.If that looking glass gets broke,Papas gonna buy you a billy goat.If that billy goat wont pull,Papas gonna buy you a cart and bull.Only One MotherHundreds of stars in the pretty sky,Hundreds of shells on the shore together,Hundreds of birds that

292、 go singing by,Hundreds of lambs in the sunny weather.Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn,Hundreds of bees in the purple clover,Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn,But only one mother the wide world over.George CooperABCLIFELife can be good,Life can be bad,Life is mostly cheerful,but sometimes sa

293、dLife can be dreams,Life can be great thoughtsLife can mean a person,Sitting in court.50UNIT 5 POEMS统编版BrotherBeautiful,athleticTeasing,shouting,laughingFriend and enemy tooMineAnother simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain,which is made up of five lines.With these,you ca

294、n convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.Look at the example(D).Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.It has a format of three lines,containing 5,7,and 5 syllables respectively.It is not a traditional form of English poetry,but is very popular with E

295、nglish writers.It is easy to write and,like the cinquain,can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words.The haiku poem(E)on the right is a translation from Japanese,which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.English speakers also enjoy poems from China,those

296、 from the Tang Dynasty in particular.A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English,such as this one(F).With so many different forms of poetry to choose from,you may eventually want to write poems of your own.Give it a try!3Listen to the recording of the text and read aloud the poems.Where sh

297、e awaits her husband On and on the river flows.Never looking back,Transformed into stone.Day by day upon the mountain top,wind and rain revolve.Should the traveller return,this stone would utter speech.Wang JianType of poemCharacteristicsExampleTopics and poetic devicesNursery rhyme concrete but cre

298、ative languageA love between father and baby rhymes,repetitionList poemBCCinquainDHaikuETang poemF Poems paint pictures with words through the use of figures of speech and metaphors,so to understand a poem fully,you have to imagine in your mind the picture the poem is painting.Further,the sounds,rhy

299、thm,and rhymes in a poem give it a musical quality.Poems often have to be read aloud,and with feeling,to be really understood and enjoyed.Poetry comprehensionDA fallen blossomIs coming back to the branch.Look,a butterfly!EFUNIT 5 POEMS51统编版Learning About LanguageBuild up your vocabulary1Find the wor

300、ds in the poems that rhyme with the words below.Then add other words that rhyme.The first one has been done for you.3Complete each sentence using the correct word.2Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.delicatedramaarrangecomposeliteraryrhythmsorrowpoetry1mockingbird

301、,word,heard2sad3sky 4together5teasing1 It seems incredible to me that the question of how best to books on shelves could cause a lively online discussion.2 The purpose of criticism is to get to the core of the text and discover what message the author is attempting to convey.3 If you need to handle

302、a situation,you should behave wisely.4 The poet quite a few poems featuring the image of cherry blossoms,and describing the joys and of life.5 Blank verse is probably one of the most common and influential forms of English.It is so close to the natural of English speech and it has no rhyming.In Shak

303、espeares,characters from civilians to kings all speak in blank verse,but still in distinctive voices.recite/repeat/retell1 Could you what you just said?2 Students are required to over 60 ancient poems or works of prose they have learnt from their Chinese course.3 If you have finished reading the sto

304、ry,please try to it in your own words.emotion/mood/spirit4 Her rose at the approach of the summer holidays.5 We couldnt see any in him.He is so calm in spite of what he has experienced.6 Rainy days always put everyone in a depressed.52UNIT 5 POEMS统编版Review useful structures1Connect the sentences usi

305、ng relative pronouns or adverbs.Then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.2Read the following introduction about the Brownings.Help the author edit the passage to make it more concise,using relative clauses if necessary.3Work in pairs.Describe your favourite Chinese poets usin

306、g sentences that contain relative clauses.1 The Crescent Moon is perhaps the most famous collection of childrens poems.It is known to people in China.2 There are also many poems written from a childs perspective.In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of childrens feelings.3

307、 The English version of the book contains nearly 50 poems.The focus of the poems is on the parent-child relationship.4 The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother.The mother loves her baby at play and at rest,in laughter and in tears.5 Many people love to read this collection of

308、poems.The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.6 It was written by the Indian poet Tagore.Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.If you study the history of English literature,you will find the names of Robert and Elizabeth Bar

309、rett Browning.They were one of the most romantic literary couples of the Victorian era.Elizabeth Barrett started to write poetry from about the age of six.In 1844,Elizabeths Poems brought her great success.It also attracted the admiration of poet Robert Browning.Browning fell in love with her poetry

310、 and then they entered into personal correspondence.The couple exchanged many letters.These letters obviously helped sow the seeds of love between the two.Elizabeth had been ill for many years.She stayed at home and almost never saw visitors.Browning was sure about his love,so he found a way to visi

311、t her,and immediately convinced her to become his bride.However,their subsequent marriage was carried out in secret.It was because Barretts father was a dominant and selfish man.He would refuse to let his daughter go.The couple moved to Italy in 1846.Elizabeth lived there for the rest of her life.Br

312、owning had a great influence on Elizabeths writing.The best evidence that can be found is Sonnets from the Portuguese.The sonnets were written during the time when she was in love with Robert Browning.EXAMPLE Bai Juyi was one of the greatest Chinese poets who ever lived.He was born during the mid-Ta

313、ng Dynasty,which was a period of rebuilding and recovery for the Tang Empire.UNIT 5 POEMS53统编版Using Language1 Before you listen,discuss the following questions with your partner.2 You are going to listen to a conversation between a teacher and her students about a poetry contest.Listen to Part 1 and

314、 answer the questions.3 Listen to Part 2 and find out how the students will inspire themselves to write poetry.4 Listen to the two parts again and tick the expressions you hear that are used to praise and encourage somebody.Talk about attending a poetry contest1 Have you ever written a poem before?I

315、f so,what did you write about?2 What might inspire you to write poems?1 When is the deadline for the poetry contest?2 What does Nora mean by saying that she needs time to polish her writing?3 Why doesnt Pitt want to enter a poem contest?4 What does George plan to do?George:Nora:Pitt:Use your prior k

316、nowledgeIf you come across a topic you are familiar with,you can think about what you already know about it before you listen.Using prior knowledge will make it easier for you to predict what you will hear.This will also reduce your anxiety and help you better understand the conversation while liste

317、ning.Thats a good idea.Thats a good effort.What a great idea!Keep up the good work.I think thats a fantastic idea.Come on,you can do it.I like that idea.You are doing well.Your ideas sound very encouraging to me.Do your best.You know what?Thats a good idea.Give it your best shot.Praising and encoura

318、ging54UNIT 5 POEMS统编版UNIT 1PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENTListening and Speaking5Work in groups.Discuss entering a poem contest like the one in the listening section.The expressions in Activity 4 and the following questions may help you.1 What kind of poem are you going to write?2 What are the topics you woul

319、d love to write about?3 How will you inspire yourself to write the poem?4 Will you use rhyming words in your poem?Why?PronunciationListen and practise reading the following poems aloud.Pay attention to the rhyming words and the rhythm of the poems.NIGHTThe sun descending in the west,The evening star

320、 does shine;The birds are silent in their nest,And I must seek for mine.The moon,like a flower,In heavens high bower,With silent delight,Sits and smiles on the night.Farewell,green fields and happy groves,Where flocks have took delight.Where lambs have nibbled,silent movesThe feet of angels bright;U

321、nseen,they pour blessing,And joy without ceasing,On each bud and blossom,And each sleeping bosom.William BlakeRead poetry aloudPoetry should always be read aloud,as that is when you can hear the music of the words.When reading poetry aloud,start slowly.Find and emphasise the rhythm of the words.Begi

322、n to think about how the poem makes you feelhappy,sad,in loveand read the poem with emotion,pouring out your feelings.THE ARROW AND THE SONG I shot an arrow into the air,It fell to earth,I knew not where;For,so swiftly it flew,the sightCould not follow it in its flight.I breathed a song into the air

323、,It fell to earth,I knew not where;For who has sight so keen and strong,That it can follow the flight of song?Long,long afterwards,in an oakI found the arrow,still unbroke;And the song,from beginning to end,I found again in the heart of a friend.H.W.Longfellow55统编版Using LanguageWrite a poem1Before y

324、ou read,discuss how to understand a poem with your partner.Make a list of questions that the readers should consider while reading poems.The following points may help you.2Read the poems below and then complete the table.SubjectImagesToneRhythm and soundsFeelings and emotionsRhetorical devicesNo one

325、 can tell me,Nobody knows,Where the wind comes from,Where the wind goes.Its flying from somewhereAs fast as it can,I couldnt keep up with it,Not if I ran.But if I stopped holdingThe string of my kite,It would blow with the windFor a day and a night.And then when I found it,Wherever it blew,I should

326、know that the windHad been going there too.So then I could tell themWhere the wind goes.But where the wind comes fromNobody knows.A.A.MilneWIND ON THE HILLDREAMHold fast to dreams,For if dreams dieLife is a broken-winged birdThat cannot fly.Hold fast to dreams,For when dreams go Life is a barren fie

327、ldFrozen with snow.Langston HughesIf love were what the rose is,And I were the leaf,Our lives would grow togetherIn sad or singing weather,Brown fields or flowerful closes,Green pleasure or grey grief;If love were what the rose is,And I were like the leaf.A.C.SwinburneA MATCH56UNIT 5 POEMS统编版3 Choos

328、e one of the poems and write a short essay about it.The following example may help you.4 Write your own poem by following these steps.5 Work in groups.Take turns to read aloud your poems and then have a discussion on what you think they mean.Give your personal opinion or advice based on what you hav

329、e learnt from this unit.6 Read aloud your poem to the class or put it up in the classroom.Wind on the HillDreamA MatchSubjectImagesRhyming wordsRhetorical devicesStart with the theme first.Ask yourself,“What message do I want to give to the reader?What is important to me?”Next,think about the words

330、and phrases you would like to use.Make a list of words related to your theme.Then check how well your details paint a picture in your head.Now write the poem.Read it aloud and listen to how it sounds.Finally,give it a title.Now your poem is ready!The poem Dream by Langston Hughes is very short with

331、only 8 lines.When I read the poem aloud I can hear that the ends of the second and fourth sentences rhyme“die”and“fly”.The last word from the sixth and eighth sentences also rhyme“go”and“snow”.These rhyming words sound nice and make the poem pleasing to read.When I close my eyes,I can see different

332、images from the poem.For example,I can see two hands being held.I can see a bird flying in the sky.I can see a field and I can imagine what it looks like with lots of snow.I start to feel cold when I read these lines!I learnt a new phrase,“hold fast”,which means to hold onto something.“Barren”is als

333、o a new word to me,which means empty.I think the poet is giving us advice.He wants us to keep dreaming,because life is much better when we dream and have something to look forward to.UNIT 5 POEMS57统编版amateurera format recite respective rhyme sowversionPoetry probably had its origins in traditional f

334、olk music tens of thousands of years ago.In that,there were no TVs or films,and writing had not been invented,so people would sit around the fire at night and sing songs to entertain themselves.These songs reflected themes from the peoples daily lives,such as hunting animals or crops.Since nothing w

335、as written down,over the years different of these songs developed,and each area would have its own rhythm.In addition to this,people would stories of past heroes.As these stories were often quite long,they often had and rhythm to help people remember them more easily.While in the beginning such song

336、s and stories had a very simple,over time they became more complicated and more polished.These were no longer the works of sitting around a fire,but works of true poets who cared about their art and who sometimes made a living from it.Assessing Your Progress1 Complete the passage using the correct f

337、orms of the words in the box.2 Read the conversations below and write a short description about the poetry or the poet they are talking about.Use relative clauses to connect your sentences.A:Who was Langston Hughes?B:He was a famous African-American poet.A:Whats special about his poems?B:Well,his po

338、ems mainly tell the story of black people in America,including their joys and pain.A:Can you give me an example?B:Dream Variation,for example.It was one of his most celebrated poems.The poem is about the dream of a world free of inequality and racial prejudice.A:What is free verse?B:Free verse is an

339、 open form of poetry.A:What do you mean by“open”?B:A free verse poem does not follow any rules.It has no regular metre or rhythm.A:I see.So it means the poet has complete control over their creation.I have learnt different forms of poetry from this unit,including.The poetic devices that I have learn

340、t from this unit include.My favourite poem of this unit is.It describes.I had difficulty in understanding.I thought writing an English poem was interesting useful challenging.REFLECTING 58UNIT 5 POEMS统编版blank versecinquainconcrete(shape)coupletfree versehaikulimericklist poemnursery rhymesonnet*Proj

341、ect:Organise a poetry contest1Work in groups.Surf the Internet to research different forms of poetry and discover their formats.Find examples of three forms of poetry that you can imitate.Here are the names of some poem types and examples to get you started:2Now think of the common themes that go wi

342、th the three types of poems.For example,a limerick should usually be silly,a haiku is often about nature,and a sonnet is often about love.4Present your poems to the class and then have everyone vote on the best poem.3Brainstorm ideas and make a mind map related to your theme.You can include in your

343、mind map:metaphors and similes concrete nouns and vivid verbs words that rhyme your feelings a personal story anything the theme makes you think ofThen write your poems based on your mind maps.Limerick:There was an Old Man in a boat,Who said,“Im afloat!Im afloat!”When they said,“No!you aint!”He was

344、ready to faint,That unhappy Old Man in a boat.Edward LearFree verse:THIS IS JUST TO SAYI have eatenthe plumsthat were inthe iceboxand whichyou were probablysavingfor breakfastForgive methey were deliciousso sweetand so coldWilliam Carlos WilliamsConcrete(shape)poem:Dusk Above the Water hang the loud

345、 flies Here O so gray then What A pale signal will appear When Soon before its shadow fades Where Here in this pool of opened eye In us No Upon us as at the very edges of where we take shape in the dark air this object bares its image awakening ripples of recognition that will brush darkness up into

346、 lighteven after this bird this hour both drift by stop the perfect sad instant now already passing out of sight toward yet-untroubled reflection this image bears its object darkening into memorial shades Scattered bite of Light No of water Or something across water Breaking up No Being regathered S

347、oon Yet by then a swan will have gone Yes Out of mind into what vast pale hush of a place past sudden dark as if a swan sang UNIT 5 POEMS59统编版BEFORE YOU WATCHMatch each word or phrase with the correct definition.You may use a dictionary to help you.WHILE YOU WATCH1 Check your answers in Before You W

348、atch.2 There are three of Su Shis works that are mentioned in the video clip.Take notes about what Su Shi wanted to convey or express through his works and how important these works are.1 Reflections on the Ancient Red Cliff:2 The Cold Food Festival:3 Shui Diao Ge Tou:AFTER YOU WATCHDiscuss these qu

349、estions in groups.1 What else do you know about Su Shi and his works?2 Based on what you have learnt about Fan Zhongyan and Su Shi from this book,what do you think they have in common?3 What do you think are the basic values that influenced these two Chinese scholars in ancient times?The Poet Su Shi

350、As one of the most popular Song Dynasty poets,Su Shi was not only gifted in poetry,but also made great contributions to other fields such as painting and calligraphy.*Video Time1cipai2magistrate3The Cold Food Festival4aspiration5the running styleAa fixed-rhythm formBa cursive style of Chinese charac

351、tersCa strong desire to achieve somethingDan official who acts as a judge in a local court of lawEan artistic masterpiece of calligraphy written by Su Shi*Video Time60UNIT 5 POEMS统编版UNIT 1ART1List the words with the following suffixes and explain the use of each suffix.Use a dictionary if necessary.

352、-ism:-istic:-ity:-(t)ion:-ist:-ive:EXAMPLE-ism is used for peoples politics,beliefs,and theories.-tion is used to make nouns from verbs.2Think of a word that best fits each definition and complete the puzzle.Using Words and ExpressionsUNIT 1WORKBOOKAcross:1 the increase of something in size,number,a

353、mount etc.2 believing you are less important than others3 belonging to the present time4 connected with ordinary people in a country5 a container used to keep flowersDown:1 a decrease in number,value,quality,etc.2 a small area of still water3 a statue,or a stone that reminds people of a past event o

354、r a person who has died4 long piece of music written for an orchestra5 to express your disapproval of someone or something3Translate these sentences into English,using the words and phrases in brackets.1 他优雅的举止和英俊的面容使他与其他来宾截然不同。(set apart from)2 在当代所有女作家中，我认为她是最值得尊重的一位。(contemporary,be worthy of)3 近

355、些年来，医学工作者在癌症研究方面获得了突破。(make/achieve a breakthrough)4 在我看过的所有印象派画作当中，我尤其喜欢雷诺阿的作品。(in particular)5 电影敦刻尔克(Dunkirk)把二战中的一次重要事件进行了真实的再现。(bring to life)ARTrealism,realistic,61统编版WORKBOOKUsing Structures1 Rewrite each sentence using the infinitive as the predicative.1 If you really want to learn driving,g

356、oing to a driving school might be the best choice.(my advice is)If you want to learn driving,my advice is to go to a driving school.2 He bought the computer just because he would rather work at home than go to the office.(The reason that)3 Doing deep breathing exercises for ten minutes can make you

357、feel more relaxed.(A good way to relax is)4 This year I hope I can achieve my goal of performing a flute solo(独奏)at the schools art festival.(My goal this year is)5 To tell you the truth,I take yoga classes simply because I want to stay in shape.(,my purpose)6 With his car stuck in the snow,he could

358、 do nothing but wait for help to arrive.(,all he could do was)2 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Star Primary Schools art studio,Room 26,is open to any child at playtime,lunchtime,or after school.On Fridays,if the children have completed all their schoolwork,they

359、can spend the rest of day there.Artist Bob Smith and his assistant Joan Grant Gibb are the only adults (work)there.They are the childrens employees.Room 26 is an independent business separate from the school,and has a committee of members all under the age of 12.For the committee,they need to think

360、of some ways (make)ends meet.They take and sell school photographs.They also make cards(sell).Another way of managing their finances is (raise)more funds.Thus they can pay for art materials and employ professional artists.Instead of(teach)how to draw,the purpose of Room 26 is (offer)a kind of creati

361、ve education.In Room 26,students are encouraged (be)creative and responsible for themselves.They have the freedom (pursue)their own ideas and interests rather than (follow)a curriculum.3 Work in groups.Imagine you are going to open an art studio like Room 26.Brainstorm ideas about the purpose of you

362、r art studio and your plan.Then write a short introduction about it.Try to use infinitives in your passage.The aim/purpose of our art studio is to 62统编版UNIT 1ARTListening and Speaking1 You are going to listen to an interview about the purpose of art.Before you listen,guess what topics will be discus

363、sed.Tick the boxes below.art can be worth a lot of money art can engage our minds art can make our world beautiful art inspires us art is always pretty to look at art shows us nature art raises our spirits art tells us about history2 Now listen to the interview and see if your answers to Activity 1

364、were correct.3 Listen again and answer the questions.1What happens when we take a second look at some paintings?2How does art differ from nature?3What happens when we try to understand a work of art?4How do works of art make our lives more interesting?5What else can art teach us?4 In pairs,discuss t

365、he following statements from the interview,and find art from the unit which matches the statements.A “Some paintings may not seem beautiful when we first look at them.But when we take a second look,We are able to see a beauty that we did not see at first.”B “The life and energy in works of art feeds

366、 us life and energy.”C “Through art,we can learn about the people of the past.”D “Through it,we can learn about noble things such as truth,goodness,and beauty.”5 In groups,imagine that you are going to decorate some walls in your school.Use the list from Activity 4 to choose some works of art.Share

367、your reasons with the rest of the class.1Brainstorm a list of works of art that you think are suitable.2Go through the list and discuss:Is every item suitable as a decoration?Is it necessary to provide simple introductions?How would you arrange all the items?3Report to the class about your decoratin

368、g plan and explain your reasons.63统编版WORKBOOK1Read the passage and write questions for the answers below.The first has been done for you.Perhaps my favourite painting is The Starry Night,by Vincent van Gogh(1853 1890).Born in the Netherlands,Van Gogh had always been interested in art,and tried to li

369、ve as a professional painter starting from 1883.His early work was dark and sad,so in 1886 Van Goghs brother Theo invited him to come to live in Paris.Theo hoped that the bright colours of the Impressionist movement there would influence his work.Van Gogh moved to the south of France in 1888.Later t

370、hat year,he suffered a mental collapse and went to live in a hospital.He made more than twenty paintings of the view from his hospital window,during all times of the day and all kinds of weather.However,he only made one painting of the scene at night.As Van Gogh wrote to his brother Theo in June,188

371、9,“This morning I saw the countryside from my window a long time before sunrise,with nothing but the morning star,which looked very big.”The“morning star”Van Gogh referred to was actually the planet Venus.Van Gogh had longed to paint a night scene,and the sight of Venus inspired him.On the left side

372、 of The Starry Night,there is a large tree which shoots up from the ground like a dark fire.It reaches all the way to the top of the painting.In the background are rolling hills,with a small village in a valley.In the centre of the village is a white church.Its tower points up into the sky like a sh

373、arp knife.Here and there,you can see houses with windows shining with yellow light.Above all this is dark blue sky.A quarter moon fills the top-right corner of the painting with yellow.Venus sits low near the tree.It burns with white light.Here and there in the sky above Venus are yellow,orange,and

374、red stars.Around these are lines of pure paint in different shades of blue,yellow,and white.They flow out of control,like river rapids.The Starry Night is not a realistic painting of the scene Van Gogh saw out of his window.For example,in real life there is no village in that valley.However,perhaps

375、the painting shows the deeper reality of what Van Gogh could see with his minds eye.Though the scene is dark and quiet,the painting is full of light and life.It gives us a look,perhaps,into the complex mind and genius of Van Gogh.Reading and WritingTH E STA RRY N I G H T64统编版UNIT 1ART1 When did Vinc

376、ent van Gogh decide to try to live as a professional painter?In 1883.2?Van Goghs early work was dark and sad.3?The sight of Venus inspired him to paint The Starry Night.4?In real life there is no village in that valley.In groups,think of more questions and try to answer them.2In literary description

377、s,the simile is one of the most commonly used figures of speech.It directly compares something to something else,using the words like or as.Read the passage again.Find the similes that the writer uses to describe the painting and explain their meanings.EXAMPLEIt shoots up from the ground like a dark

378、 fire.(simile)3In groups,discuss your opinions of the painting.Finish the sentences below.1 The painting makes me feel because.2 I think Van Gogh must have felt/been when he made the painting because.3 I like/dislike the painting because.4Look at the painting on the right and discuss the questions i

379、n groups.1 How does the painting make you feel?2 How would you describe the trees at the front of the painting,the mountains in the background,the clouds and sky above,and any other interesting features?Think of colours,shapes,and also what they remind you of.3 What do you think Van Gogh was thinkin

380、g or feeling when he made the painting?4 Do you like or dislike the painting?Why?5Use your notes from your discussion to write a short essay about Olive Trees or another painting you like.In your first paragraph,describe the painting.In your second paragraph,give your opinion of the painting.Olive T

381、rees65统编版WORKBOOKMICHELANGELOS DAVIDMost people agree that one of the greatest statues ever made was Michelangelos David,in Florence,Italy.David was a hero in the Bible.As a young boy,he fought and killed a giant,Goliath(歌利亚),using only a sling and a small rock,inspiring his army to victory.The Flor

382、ence Cathedral first decided to have the statue made in 1464 to stand on its roof,along with statues of other heroes from the Bible.Consequently,they purchased a block of white marble more than 5 metres in length and 6,000 kilograms in weight.Over the years,two different sculptors attempted to work

383、on the statue.However,both gave up,complaining that the marble was of poor quality.Worse yet,it appeared that the last sculptor had ruined the marble by cutting a huge hole in it for the gap between Davids legs.The hole had an odd shape,and left very little material on either side to work with.Every

384、one thought it would be impossible to carve the statues legs properly,and that they would be too thinunable to hold the weight of the rest of the statue.Thus,for 25 years,the marble lay in the yard of the cathedrals workshop with no one working on it.In 1501,the cathedral invited many artists,includ

385、ing Leonardo da Vinci,to come and work on the project.All of these artists declined.Finally,Michelangelo(14751564)took on the challenge.At 26 years old,Michelangelo had already completed his other great sculpture,the Pieta,and was making a name for himself as a great artist.For more than two years,M

386、ichelangelo worked on David day and night,rain and shine,until it was completed.No one knows exactly how David was made.Michelangelo refused to let others see him work or see his artwork until it was completed.Michelangelos friend Giorgio Vasari claimed that Michelangelo made a small model of the sc

387、ulpture,laid it on its back,and then covered it in water.Michelangelo then took away some of the water until a bit of the model appeared,and carved that bit into the marble.He continued doing this,little by little,until the sculpture was finished.This was what Vasari claimed,but this was just a gues

388、s:Michelangelo kept his methods a secret from everyone,even Vasari.Indeed,years after he carved David,Michelangelo was working on another work of art,deep into the night.Vasari tried to sneak in to see Michelangelo at work.However,as soon as Michelangelo realised that the door had been opened,he qui

389、ckly blew out the candles so that the room became dark and his visitor could see nothing.When Michelangelo finally revealed his statue to the people of Florence,everyone was amazed.They knew at once that it was the greatest work they had ever seen.Not only was it a beautiful work of art,it was diffe

390、rent from all other statues of David ever made.Unlike other statues of David,which showed him as a little boy wearing armour,Michelangelos David was a naked young man.Other statues always showed David after the battle.Michelangelos David is before the battle,looking ahead in confidence,with his slin

391、g across his shoulder.He shows no fear of his enemy,and he is already looking ahead to victory.*Expanding Your World66统编版UNIT 1ARTMany people have noted that while the statue is called David,it does not remind them of a hero in the Bible.Rather,it looks like one of those statues of Greek gods that a

392、re regarded as some of the greatest works of art ever produced.Nevertheless,anyone seeing the statue for the first time would probably agree that his David is an extraordinary masterpiece.One fascinating thing about the statue is how imperfect it is,yet how perfect it seems.David stands with his lef

393、t foot forward,and all his weight is on his right foot.Given how narrow his legs are and how much he leans to his right,one would think that the statue would break or fall over,yet it still stands more than 500 years later.Davids head and hands are also larger than they should be.In fact,his right h

394、and is enormous.Finally,the statue is quite narrow from front to backby proportion much narrower than most people are in real life.This is due to the fact that the marble was too narrow to begin with.Yet,somehow,even when viewed from the side,the statue still works and still looks realistic.Everythi

395、ng looks perfect,even if it is not.Those who first saw the statue certainly thought that it was perfect.Indeed,they thought the statue was too good to go on top of the cathedral where people would have trouble seeing it.In truth,even if they had decided to put it on top of the cathedral,given its we

396、ight,they had no way to lift it that high.Indeed,they were not sure how they could move it from the workshop yard without breaking it.Finally,after great effort and much care,they moved the statue to the main square of the city.There,it quickly became a symbol of the city of Florence.The people were

397、 all inspired by the way David looked ahead without fear of the future.However,in time,the statue became damaged by rain,snow,and wind.In order to protect the statue from further damage,in 1873 it was moved inside to the Gallery of the Academy in Florence,where today it is visited by up to three mil

398、lion people a year.67统编版WORKBOOKUNIT 2work and watching TV or surfing the Internet.Although this may seem relaxing,it is not appropriate in the long term for personal growth.Therefore,for the sake of a healthy personal life,it is essential to be and not just on such passive activities.Show some pass

399、ion and challenge yourself to do something different every night,if only for one hour at least.Set yourself goals,find a hobby that your mind,or just get round to doing all those little things youve been meaning to do.Once you resist allowing work to your life,your will be a great sense of achieveme

400、nt.3Translate the sentences into English,using the words and phrases in brackets.1滑了一整天的滑板之后，我感到疲惫不堪。(skateboard,worn out)2健康顾问查看了我的血液检验结果，怀疑我感染了病毒，建议我要么再做检查，要么立即去看医生。(health consultant,examine,virus,straight away)3想要提升你的听说读写技能，你不能只靠课堂学习，还需要在课后不断学习和运用。(enhance,rely on)4他因为在雨中打篮球得了流感。由于感到眩晕，他不得不躺在床上休

401、息。(flu,dizzy)5十年来，他专注于健康生活方式的研究，终于成了行业内的专家。(absorb)6十几年前，我叔叔在医学院学习外科学。成为一名外科医生后，他每星期都做外科手术。(surgery,surgeon)7我 们 的 团 队 由 七 个 人 组 成。(be composed of)1Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the phrases in the box.1 When the old man his beard,he looked more energetic.2 His parents tried to per

402、suade him to stay in the local city to live a life of leisure,but he had already to work in the countryside.3 You cannot expect to feel better after taking the medicine.4 He his desire for high-fat food and managed to lower his blood pressure.5 She walks 20,000 steps a day her friends challenge.6 He

403、 was because he had lost no weight after three months of dieting.7 He used to me to remind him to exercise regularly.8 The team about being able to win the championship.2Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.Balancing ones work and personal life can be rather difficult.

404、Many people get into the of coming home from Using Words and Expressions make up ones mindshave off feel pessimisticin response totake control ofstress outrely onstraight awaydisciplinecycledominaterewardrelystimulate68统编版UNIT 2HEALTHY LIFESTYLE Using Structures1 A group of students are chatting aft

405、er class.Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the phrases in the box.eat a good breakfast get your parents permissionhang out with friends balance work and personal life1A:Im thinking about riding a motorbike to school.What do you think?B:Oh?Well,I think its necessary first.2A:How co

406、me you fainted suddenly yesterday?Didnt you eat anything in the morning?B:Im on a diet.A:Thats so bad!You know its important every morning.3A:I often see you around Central Park.B:Yes,I like there every weekend.We usually play ball games.4A:I hear that the new headmaster has too many things to do.B:

407、Yes.It will be a big challenge for him.2Number all the infinitives in the passage.Then put the numbers into the different categories.These days,the attitude of many people is to just eat food that they think tastes good.However,this can lead to an unbalanced diet,which often results in short-term an

408、d long-term health issues.If you want to stay healthy,then you need a balanced diet.Needless to say,it is not always easy to plan such a diet,but the good thing is that there is a lot of advice out there.To save yourself some time,you could try looking at a“food pyramid”a chart that shows you how mu

409、ch of each type of food to eat.You could also make healthy food at home and try to avoid eating packaged foods or fast food.It is essential for you to eat healthy food.You will feel better,have more energy,and have fewer health problems in later life.As the subject:As the object:As the predicative:A

410、s the attribute:As the adverbial:3A holiday is a perfect time to relax.You are planning a trip to Hangzhou for your American friend.Complete the paragraph about your plan.It will take us about half an hour(到达)the West Lake.In the morning,we will visit the places of interest around or near the West L

411、ake,including the lake,Gu Hill,Lingyin Temple,and Lei Feng Pagoda.This will be a good chance (欣赏)the beautiful scenery as well as the history and culture of Hangzhou.In the afternoon we may (尝试)a taste of Longjing Tea and(看电影).For the evening,there are many things we can choose from,like dinner,shop

412、ping,and experiencing the local night life.It will be fun for us (选择)together what we want to do after you arrive.69统编版WORKBOOK1 Look at these photos.Discuss these questions in groups.Listening and SpeakingTip 1Tip 2Tip 3Do what?For how long?Details/ExamplesResult4 In groups,discuss these questions.

413、1 In what other ways can people relax?2 In your life,what things make you stressed?3 What do you do to reduce stress and relax?4 Which of the speakers tips do you think would work for you?2 Listen to a speech and answer these questions.1 Who do you think the speaker is talking to?2 What do many stud

414、ents worry about?3 What puts your health at risk?4 What did the student do in the evening?5What was the problem with the way she tried to relax?3 Listen again and take notes on the speakers tips.1 Why do people do these activities?2 What do these activities have in common?3 Which of these activities

415、 do you like best and why?14562370统编版UNIT 2HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 1 Read the text.Whom do you think this text is written for?What is the purpose?Reading and WritingI clearly remember the first time I played a computer game.I was seven years old.My friend had gotten a computer for his birthday.He invited

416、me to play a game,which was very simple by todays standards,but we loved it!We played for hours.We would meet after school every day to play it.My addiction to computer games started then.Not long after that,my friend moved to the city.I missed him,but I got my own computer and began playing by myse

417、lf.Over the years,computer games developed rapidly.Technology improved,and there were always new and better games to play.You could then play games over the Internet with people from all over the world,using either computers or smartphones.The online games were fascinating and it was always exciting

418、 to play.At first,I played games over the Internet after I had done my homework and eaten dinner.Then I started playing as soon as I got home each day.My parents stopped me,so I started playing it in the middle of the night.I went to school and often fell asleep in class.My teacher would scold me bu

419、t I would often do the same thing the next day!Shortly after that,I began to skip meals and play through the night.My parents found out and took away my computer and smartphone.I knew I had gone too far.My love of computer games had become an addiction.It was affecting my schoolwork and my health,an

420、d I felt quite depressed.Then one day I bumped into my friend again!He had moved back to our hometown.We hadnt seen each other for ages.He looked happy and healthy.We talked about the past and the good times we had,playing that old game.He still played computer games,but he also did many other thing

421、s.He invited me to play basketball with some friends.I got tired quickly,but I loved it!Afterwards,we played a board game.We laughed and talked and played for hours.It was very sociable and great fun.Playing games with my friends in real life was much more enjoyable than doing so online.Computer gam

422、es are great fun and I still play them sometimes.New technology is making more amazing things possible.Ive learnt that some games can even teach us to train our brains to solve problems.However,games can also be addictive,so balance is important for a healthy lifestyle.We can spoil good things by do

423、ing them too much.Now I enjoy playing games even more because I am able to maintain a good balance between work and play.MY EXPERIENCES WITH COMPUTER GAMES71统编版WORKBOOK2Read the passage again and answer the questions below.1 How did the writers love for computer games begin?2 Why did the writers par

424、ents take away his computer and smartphone?Do you think they were right?Why?3 Why do you think the writer felt tired after playing basketball?4 According to the writer,what is more fun than playing games online?5 What did the writer learn by recovering from his game addiction?3Match the paragraphs w

425、ith their main ideas.Then choose sentences from the text that give more details.4Discuss these questions in groups.1What physical,mental,and social problems could arise from being addicted to computer games?2Can parents reliably control how much their children play computer/mobile games?If so,how?Pl

426、ease talk about your own or others experiences.3Computer games can“train our brains to solve problems”.Do you agree that games can be useful in this way?Do you know of any examples?5Write a leaflet to warn other students about the risks of becoming addicted to computer games and mobile games.Share y

427、our leaflet with your class.ParagraphMain ideasDetailsThe addictive effects of computer gamesAn understanding and appreciation of computer gamesFinding an alternative to computer gamesThe boys first experiences with computer gamesExcitement over advances in the computer game industry72统编版UNIT 2HEALT

428、HY LIFESTYLE THE EXPERIMENT (adapted from Little Women)*Expanding Your WorldLittle Women,written by Louisa May Alcott and published in 1868,is a famous American novel.The story follows the lives of the March family.While the father is working away from home,the mother has to look after their four te

429、enaged daughtersMeg,Jo,Beth,and Amyon her own.“Vacation,finally!”exclaimed Meg,coming home to find Jo already lying on the sofa.“What will you do on your vacation?”asked Amy.“Stay in bed late,and do nothing,”replied Meg.“Sit in the old apple tree and read!”said Jo.“Beth,lets not do any lessons for a

430、 while,but play all the time and rest,like Meg and Jo,”begged Amy.“I will,if Mother doesnt mind.I want to learn some new songs,”replied Beth.“May we all try what we want to do,Mother?”asked Meg.“You may try your experiment for a week and see how you like it,”Mrs March said with a smile.“It will be w

431、onderful,Im sure,”said Meg.“Fun forever,and no work!”exclaimed Jo.The next morning,Meg got up at ten oclock and had breakfast alone.Jo spent the morning with a friend and the afternoon reading in the apple tree.Beth pulled all her toys out of her closet but then left them to play some music.Amy put

432、on her best dress and went outside to draw,hoping someone would notice the beautiful young artist.No one appeared,so she went for a walk,got caught in the rain,and came home dripping.In the evening,they all assured their mother the experiment was going well.She smiled,said nothing,and did her work,k

433、eeping their home pleasant and running smoothly.The days became longer and longer,and it affected all four girls.Meg found time hanging heavily and started cutting and spoiling her clothes,trying to make them more fashionable.Jo read till her eyes hurt and she was sick of books.Beth sometimes sudden

434、ly shook her doll and shouted at it.Amy was quite bored,for she didnt like dolls or reading,and she couldnt draw all the time.But no one would admit that they were tired of the experiment.On Saturday morning,the girls got up to find no breakfast in the dining room and no mother to be seen.Meg ran up

435、stairs and soon came back,looking relieved but a little ashamed.“Mother isnt sick,only very tired.She says she is going to rest today and let us do the best we can.She says it has been a hard week for her,so we must take care of ourselves.”The girls put together a breakfast tray for their mother and

436、 Jo brought it up to her.The tea was very bitter,the eggs were burnt,and the biscuits tasted odd,but she thanked them for their kindness.Louisa May Alcott73统编版WORKBOOK“They will have a hard time,Im afraid,but they wont suffer,and it will do them good,”she said to herself after Jo left,taking out the

437、 breakfast which she had prepared for herself earlier.Meg went to tidy the living room,hiding the litter under the sofa and shutting the curtains to save her the trouble of dusting.Jo went to ask their mother about lunch.“Eat whatever you like,”said Mrs March.“Im going out to lunch.Im taking a vacat

438、ion today.”And so Jo discovered that something more than energy and effort is necessary to make a cook.She boiled the vegetables for an hour,burnt the bread,found only a small bit of meat in the lobster,and then declared lunch ready before the potatoes were quite done.The girls and their two guests

439、sit down to lunch.The one strong point was the strawberries,for Jo had covered them in sugar and had a jug of cream to go with them.Amy took a big spoonful and choked.“Whats wrong?”exclaimed Jo.“Salt,not sugar,and the cream is sour,”replied Meg.Jo was about to cry,when suddenly she realized how funn

440、y it all was.She laughed till the tears ran down her cheeks.So did everyone else,and the lunch ended with bread and butter and fun.They were then busy for the whole afternoon,tidying and cleaning,as well as receiving guests and running errands.In the evening,the girls gathered on the porch.Each girl

441、 groaned or sighed as she sat down.“What a dreadful day this has been!”began Jo.“It has seemed shorter than usual,but so uncomfortable,”said Meg.“Not a bit like home,”added Amy.“Not without Mother,”sighed Beth.“Here I am,dear.Are you satisfied with your experiment,girls,or do you want another week o

442、f it?”she asked.“I dont!”cried Jo.“Nor I,”echoed the others.“Mother,did you go away just to see how wed get on?”said Meg.“Yes,I thought you should see what happens when everyone thinks only of herself.Isnt it pleasanter to have daily duties and then relax?To help each other out,so home is comfortabl

443、e for us all?”“Oh yes,Mother!”exclaimed the girls.“Our little burdens seem heavy but will grow lighter as we learn to carry them.Work keeps us from boredom and mischief,is good for health and spirits,and gives us a sense of power and independence better than money or fashion.But remember,dont go to

444、the other extreme and work like slaves!Have regular hours for work and play and make each day both useful and pleasant.Then youth will be delightful,old age will bring few regrets,and life will become a success,whether youre rich or poor.”74统编版UNIT 3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONUNIT 3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTEC

445、TION1Match the words from the two boxes to make new phrases and then use them to complete the sentences below.1 Most used vehicles are required to pass a before their sale or transfer.2 The Inner Mongolia is the widest province in China and has a diverse topography,including plateaus,hills,plains,de

446、serts,rivers,and lakes.3 It is known to all that rivers have been the cradles of human civilisation since ancient times.For example,Chinese civilisation originated in the Yellow.4 If you want to build a successful company,you must focus on creating a strong.5 There has been a long-term debate about

447、whether is environmentally sustainable or not.6 The goal of is to protect Earths biological diversity and maintain the balance in nature.2Circle the best words to complete the sentences.Then explain the differences between the two words.1 Karl Marx was clearly one of the most influential/powerful ph

448、ilosophers in history.2 The meeting ended with the committee members unable to agree on a(n)agenda/schedule.Using Words and Expressions3 The country is still restoring/recovering from the effects of the war.4 The investigators were asked to submit/hand in a comprehensive report before the end of thi

449、s month.5 Experts say the leatherback turtles have become increasingly unusual/rare due to the special fishing technique.6 It is estimated that the volume/total of global trade would decline by 6%if there were a trade war.3 Translate the sentences into English,using the words and phrases in brackets

450、.1 一位著名探险家于 1925 年在亚马孙丛林里失踪。(jungle)2 面对公众的压力，广告公司为广告中的错误信息道了歉。(in response to)3 他 代 表 公 司 员 工 在 会 上 发 了 言。(on behalf of)4 我们应该掌握主动权，采取一系列政策 和 措 施 来 减 少 空 气 污 染。(seize the initiative,policy)5 2015 年，在联合国的一次峰会(summit)上，193 个 会 员 国 家 就2030 年 可 持续 发 展 议 程 达 成 了 一 致。(agenda,sustainable)autonomouscorpora

451、tenuclearriversafetywildlifebasinconservationcultureenergyinspectionregion 4 List as many words as you can that use the suffixes below.-able-ate-ion-ism-ive-ment-ous75统编版WORKBOOK1Last month you met your former classmate Sarah,an exchange student from Canada.Here are some of the things she said to yo

452、u.Now you are telling another friend what she said.Use indirect speech.1 Sarah said that.2 She said that.3.4.5.6.2Read the sentences in the box and use them to complete the sentences that follow,using indirect speech as the example given.Using StructuresA“Please slow down!”B “Could you hold the door

453、 for me,Henry?”C“Turn the volume down,Jim.”D“Dont worry too much about it.”E“Did you have a good time?”F “Why didnt you come to the party?”G“Do you like Italian food?”H“How long have you been married?”I“Just go to bed.”1 Bill was driving too fast,so I told him to slow down.2 Mother was answering the

454、 phone,so she.3 Sue was a little nervous about the exam,so I.4 Sarah was carrying a large box in her hands and wanted to go out,so she asked.5 I wanted to invite Mary out for dinner,so I.6 Jack just came back from his holiday.I.7 William didnt show up at my party,so I.8 The photographer was taking p

455、ictures of an older couple.He.9 It was quite late when her son got home,so she.3Work in pairs.Report a piece of news that you heard today to your partner.The following expressions may help you.I heard over the radio that The reporter said that It was announced that The authorities warned that The ex

456、pert advised that The researchers estimated that The company claimed that The police confirmed that Im living in Beijing now.I saw Helen at a party last week and she gave me her new cell phone number.I havent seen Paul for a long time.Im applying to become a volunteer at the science museum.I dont ta

457、ke cooking classes any more,but I still enjoy cooking.Ill go to Xian for the coming holiday with my parents.76统编版UNIT 3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION1Before you listen,look at the pictures below and discuss the following questions.1Where do you think these photos were taken?2What do you think the two peop

458、le are doing?Why are they doing it?3Do you believe an ordinary person can achieve great things?2Listen to the story and check your answers in Activity 1.3Listen again and decide whether the statements are true(T)or false(F).Then correct the mistakes.1Yin Yuzhen moved to the desert to stay with her h

459、usband.TF2She started to plant trees because she wanted to create land for farming.TF3 Many of the young trees had died before they found the best plants and methods to use in the desert.TF 4After decades,about 60,000 trees have been planted.TF 5Yin Yuzhen has received awards and recognition from al

460、l over the world.TF4Work in groups.Discuss the questions.1What is the speakers attitude towards Yin Yuzhen and her husbands actions?How did the speaker describe Yin Yuzhen?2“Although actions may seem small and insignificant,over time they join together to become great achievements.”What do you think

461、 this sentence means?Do you agree?Give your reasons.Listening and Speaking12377统编版WORKBOOK1Look at the title and the pictures below and decide what you think the text is about.2Read the text and complete the table.Reading and Writing SMALL WASTE,BIG PROBLEMMany of us might not give a second thought

462、to dropping a small piece of litter.After all,if it is so small,it cannot possibly be that harmful,can it?In todays world,the answer is certainly“Yes it can!”With the growing use of plastic bags and the rising number of smokers,there is more litter being produced than ever before.Although cigarette

463、butts are small,they are bad for the environment.Worldwide,about 4.3 trillion cigarette butts are littered every year.As well as spoiling the beauty of the environment,they contain toxic chemicals.These find their way into the water supply where they affect water quality and endanger plants and anim

464、als.Cigarette butts can take up to 25 years to break down,and the toxic chemicals add up to a large amount with so many littered.So,if people want to smoke,they should dispose of the butts properly in a rubbish bin.Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is dangerous to the environment.T

465、hey are easily blown by wind and float in water,so they can travel long distances.They find their way to rivers,parks,beaches,and oceans,killing many birds,mammals,fish,and sea animals each year worldwide.They can last for hundreds of years in the environment.We should not let plastic bags become li

466、tter.We should use fewer plastic bags,and reuse and recycle what we have already used.78统编版UNIT 3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION3Work in groups.Discuss the questions.1What does the title mean?Can you name some other small pieces of trash?2What are the effective solutions of the problems?3Imagine you are a

467、leader of your community,what proposals would you put forward to improve the environment?4Work in groups.Make a poster about the use of plastic bags or littering.1Think about what information you will put on the poster and what message you want to convey.2Decide the essential parts of your poster:he

468、adline,body,and signature.Make sure your headline attracts the readers attention and your message is clear and impressive.3Choose a few good pictures for your poster.4Present your poster to the class or put it up in the classroom.*5 Write an assessment of what is being done to control the“small wast

469、e”problem.1Think about the measures that have been taken to deal with the“small waste”problem in your local community and in the country overall.2Surf the Internet and find more facts about the measures taken to strengthen your assessment.3Consider the following questions when forming your argument:

470、Do you think the measures have been effective?Why or why not?What are the benefits of the measures?What are the disadvantages?4Write your assessment of the measures taken.5Present your assessment to the class or display it in the classroom.ParagraphMain IdeaImportant Details1Small pieces of litter c

471、an be harmful.plastic bags and litter from smokers increased234One way to reduce the use of plastic bags is to charge for them.Shops used to give plastic bags for free.But in some countries,including China,customers are now charged for each bag.Some shops also have a“bag-for-life”scheme.They sell st

472、ronger bags that can be reused,and they replace them for free if the bags ever break.Waste is a big problem for the environment,so we need to do something.Not littering at all or cleaning up“small waste”saves money spent on disposing of litter properly.However,it would be better not to smoke or use

473、plastic bags at all.79统编版WORKBOOK*Expanding Your WorldA CLEAN,GREEN ENERGY FUTUREThe worlds energy needs are growing every year.As countries develop and their populations grow,the demand for the energy to support them increases.Until now,this growth has relied heavily on the use of fossil fuels(coal

474、,oil,and gas).Although their use has been essential so far,reliance on them has led to pollution problems,and perhaps the greatest future challenge for mankind,climate change.Thankfully,many countries are making the important change from fossil fuels to clean,green,and renewable sources of energy.Fo

475、ssil fuels produce emissions,such as carbon dioxide,which contribute to the greenhouse effect and the global climate.They are also“finite”sources,which means there is a limited supply of them.Once a source has been used up,another must be found,and finding new sources becomes more difficult and expe

476、nsive over time.With no emissions or waste,renewable energy sources cause limited damage to the environment.They are renewable because they can be naturally replaced and can therefore be consumed without the risk of using them up.Here are the main types of renewable energy,with facts and examples fr

477、om around the world.HydropowerThe power of water turns turbines which produce electricity.Since ancient times,watermills have been used for many things,from grinding wheat to sawing timber.Countries such as Paraguay and Norway already produce all or most of their energy from hydropower.Most of the r

478、enewable energy in China comes from hydropower plants,such as the Three Gorges Dam,the worlds largest power station.SolarSolar panels turn heat from the suns rays into electricity,and solar heaters use that energy to heat water directly.This is the fastest growing renewable energy source,as the cost

479、 of the technology is falling.Germany has the highest solar capacity in the world,but China is the worlds largest market and the largest producer of solar technology.80统编版UNIT 3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WindTall turbines are turned by the wind to produce electricity.Wind“farms”are built on land,or of

480、fshore,to take advantage of more frequent and powerful winds at sea.The worlds largest wind farm is the London Array.It has 175 wind turbines and is 20 km off the coast of England.Researchers think China could meet all her electricity demands from wind by 2030.Wind farms in provinces such as Gansu h

481、ave an endless wind supply.GeothermalThis has been a natural source of energy for thousands of years.Today,heat from below the earths surface heats water into steam that turns turbines to generate electricity.The USA has the largest capacity,with over 80%generated in California.The Yangbajing Power

482、Plant is the largest geothermal plant in China.BiofuelThis is material from biological sources(such as corn or grain)or waste products that is used to produce energy.It is used in generators for electricity,or in cars and other machines.Brazil has produced and used biofuel made from sugar cane for 4

483、0 years.China is the worlds third largest producer of biofuel.So,what are the pros and cons of renewable energy?The strongest“pro”is that it is clean,producing almost no pollution.Resources are abundant and free,and cannot be used up.Projects,once set up,require less to maintain.They are ideal on a

484、small scale;one can have solar panels on the roof,but not a coal power station in the kitchen!It is also better for energy security.Getting resources from within the country means less reliance on resources from abroad,and less risk from political or economic changes.There are also some“cons”.With n

485、o wind or sun,there may be no power.Projects are built in places where resources are abundant,but often far away from the cities where power is needed.Solar projects are expensive to set up.Hydroelectric projects can cause problems with flooding when they change the natural flow of rivers.Biofuel pr

486、ojects use up land,which could be used for growing food.Can renewables really be the future of energy?Our modern world has been built on fossil fuels,so it is hard to change quickly.However,the use of renewable energy is growing in China and around the world.Given the problems of climate change,ther

487、e is little doubt that they will continue to grow.As extracting fossil fuels is becoming more difficult and expensive,the cost of renewable energy is falling.New battery technology,for example,solves the problem of bringing electricity from distant sources to cities.Along with our being more aware o

488、f our energy consumption and waste,a clean,green energy future is possible and necessary.81统编版WORKBOOK2Think of a word that best fits each definition.1 large objects such as tables,chairs,and beds 2 the short,loud sound made by dogs or other animals 3 feeling or showing a lot of interest or exciteme

489、nt about sth 4 money you earn that is paid every week/month 5 the son of your brother or sister 6 of good enough standard or quality;respectable 7 an event,a situation,or a period of time in ones life 1Combine the suffixes with the words to form new words.In pairs,think of more words formed with the

490、se suffixes and draw a mind map.Using Words and Expressions UNIT 4resolveselfcommitbitter exhibitvigour persevere investrealassign cruelguidetolerate sailenvynavigatebat belongings blanketcomic corporate entryhidden thorough wage-tion-ance-ment-or-ty-ish-ous-al-able-less-able-ness3 Choose words from

491、 the box to complete the phrases.Then make sentences with these phrases.1 increase2 actress3 motive 4 diary 5 baseball 6 investigation7 image 8 a of snow9 personal 4 Translate the sentences into English,using the words and phrases in brackets.1 在我看来，沙克尔顿不仅是一位称职的探险家，还是一位了不起的领导者。(qualified)2 即使当他命令船员弃

492、船时，也不曾流露出沮丧的情绪。(crew,abandon)3 在他的指导下，船员们服从纪律，忙碌却不慌乱。(guidance)4 他鼓励船员们参与各种娱乐和庆祝活动，因为他认为这些活动能使他们精神振作起来。(recreation,keep ones spirits up)5 他知道，长时间在波涛汹涌的海上漂泊和在令人痛苦的环境下生活，每个人都急切地想要返回家乡。(rough,miserable)6 他决心要将所有船员安全地带回祖国，这也是他对船员们的真切关怀。(resolution,genuine)82统编版UNIT 4ADVERSITY AND COURAGEWe are looking f

493、or cycling partners to join us for a trip to Zhangjiajie,and we are looking for people who are positive,full of vigour,and highly disciplined,preferably with a strong passion or interest for photography,painting,or writing.Guesthouses and camping along the way.If you are interested,please email:.Usi

494、ng Structures1 Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.1 I (think)about what you said and I think youre probably right.2 We (try)to arrange an interview with the presidential candidate for days,but we (not receive)their response yet.3 I guess that you (use)the compute

495、r a lot recently.You should rest your eyes more often.4 Im sorry the meeting(delay).you (wait)a long time?5 you (iron)the shirt?It is still damp.6 The oven in her kitchen (give)off a sweet smell.Do you know what she is cooking?2Complete the conversations below using the correct forms of the verbs in

496、 brackets.Then explain your choices.1A:George,you (see)Martin recently?B:No,but I(call)him last week.He said he was busy.A:What he (do)these days?B:I think he(do)some experiments.He has to finish a paper before the end of this month.2A:How long you (play)for this team?B:For two months.A:How long you

497、 (play)rugby?B:Since I was eight years old.3A:Jane,come and see what I (find).B:Whats so surprising?A:Well,I(look)through some old photos and I (find)this one of you and me.B:Oh,my goodness.This photo (take)on the day when we (enter)university.That was 15 years ago.3Read the advertisement below and

498、then write a letter to apply for the job.The expressions below may help you.CYCLING PARTNERS WANTED I would like to Im interested in I think I am a good candidate for your I have been learning/practising/since /for I also have years experience as in Im looking forward to hearing from you.83统编版WORKBO

499、OKListening and Speaking1 Before you listen,discuss the questions with a partner.1 Have you ever encountered a difficulty or challenge in your life?2 What did you do to overcome that difficulty or challenge?2 A school counsellor is giving a speech.Listen to the speech and choose the best answers.1 W

500、hat is the subject of his speech?A What adversity means.B How to overcome adversity.C How to build up confidence.D Keeping a positive attitude towards life.2 According to the speaker,what are the three ways to deal with adversity?A Change the way you look at things.B Take action.C Learn from your mi

501、stakes.D Find someone to talk to.E Focus on your goals.F Develop healthy habits.3 What is the purpose of writing down your problems in detail and putting them in order?A To face your failures.B To deal with your problems one by one.C To restore confidence.D To help you distinguish between real probl

502、ems and unnecessary worries.4 Which of the following is not mentioned in the speech?A Improving your health can help you cope with adversity.B Developing healthy habits will make you feel happy and confident.C Developing healthy habits will help you concentrate on your work.D Staying with friends an

503、d family may help you cope with adversity.3 Discuss the questions in groups.1 What other advice can you think of for overcoming difficulties?2 Do you agree that adversity makes one stronger and better?Why or why not?84统编版UNIT 4ADVERSITY AND COURAGE1Read the passage about a famous person in ancient C

504、hina and find out what adversity he faced.FAN ZHONGYANPerhaps one of the most famous sayings in China is,“To be the first to feel concern for the troubles of the world,and the last to enjoy its pleasures.”Written by Fan Zhongyan,this 11th century proverb provides a goal for all Chinese government of

505、ficials to aspire to.Fan Zhongyan(9891052)himself was a good example of someone who lived by these words.Fan was born in Suzhou in 989 CE.When he was just one or two years old,his father died and his mother married another man.From a very young age,he was very diligent in his schoolwork.Later,he lef

506、t his stepfathers family and had to stay in a temple,where he was only able to eat porridge each day.In the winter,he had to cut frozen porridge into pieces for his meals.It is said that one day one of his friends noticed that he was not eating well,so he sent over some tasty food.Fan refused to tou

507、ch it,saying that he wanted to be content with what he had.In 1015,Fan passed the imperial examination and became a government official.While he served in Taizhou,he always had the peoples best interest at heart,and so he proposed building a sea wall to protect homes from flooding.This sea wall was

508、later called“Lord Fans Embankment”.Serving with distinction,he helped build up defenses when the country was threatened by war.Then,once the country was at peace again,he was promoted to a high-level position in the capital,where he was able to advise the emperor on government policy.As an advisor t

509、o the emperor,Fan then tried to institute government reforms,known as the Qingli reforms.However,many conservative bureaucrats opposed him,and so the reforms were stopped and Fan was forced to leave the capital and go into exile.While in exile in 1045,Fan wrote an essay entitled Memorial to Yueyang

510、Tower.In the essay,he wondered if it was possible to find government officials who would be firm in their desire to look after the needs of the common people,and not worry about their own personal welfare.Of such a man,Fan said,“When serving in a high office at court,he will be concerned for the peo

511、ple;if living on distant rivers and lakes,he will be concerned for his sovereign.When serving,he worries;while in retirement,he worries.And when does he enjoy himself?One must say:To be the first to feel concern for the troubles of the world,and the last to enjoy its pleasures.”Reading and Writing85

512、统编版WORKBOOKAfter Fan retired,he bought a farm and used it to provide jobs for local people.The profits from the farm were then used to pay for the education of poor children.Though by this time he was a wealthy man,he spent all of his money helping others and lived a very simple life.It is refreshin

513、g to think that there was once such a person who did not just speak wise words to live by,but who also put those words into practice during his own life.Fan Zhongyan was just such a man.2 Put the events in the correct order.Fan retired and bought a farm.Fan wrote the essay Memorial to Yueyang Tower.

514、Fan was demoted.Fan passed the imperial examination.Fans father died.Fan built a sea wall in Taizhou.Fan helped build up the countrys defenses.Fan was only able to eat one serving of porridge a day.Fan tried to institute government reforms.Fan became a government official.3 Read the passage again an

515、d answer the questions below.1 What do people expect an honest government official to live by?2 Why did many bureaucrats oppose Fans reforms?3 What did he express in his famous essay?4 How did Fan use his farm to help others?5 In the opinion of the author,what was refreshing about Fans life?4 In gro

516、ups,discuss the following questions.1 How was Fan a good example of the saying?2 In what ways can you put Fans saying into practice?5 Have you ever met or heard of someone who persevered and overcame adversity in his/her life?Write a story about this person.Your story should include the following:An

517、 introduction which tells us the name of the person,what work he/she does,and how you got to know him/her Some details about the problem he/she faced The different ways he/she tried to overcome the problem How he/she felt after overcoming the difficulties Any lessons that you learnt from this person

518、s story 186统编版UNIT 4ADVERSITY AND COURAGEAN EXCERPT FROM THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA(adapted)Blood attracted the shark from deep down in the sea.Suddenly,he was on top of the blue water,shining in the sun.Then he fell back into the sea and started swimming in the direction of the skiff and the fish.Some

519、times he lost the scent of the fish.But when he picked it up again,he swam hard in that direction.He was a big Mako shark who swam as fast as the fastest fish in the sea,and everything about him was beautiful,except his jaws.His back was blue like a sword fish,his belly was silver,and his thick skin

520、 was smooth and handsome.He looked like a sword fish except for his huge jaws.Just under the surface you could see his fin moving quickly through the water.Inside his jaws all of his teeth were shaped like claws.They were long and sharp on both sides.The shark is so fast and strong that he is king o

521、f the sea.Now he smelled a fresh scent and swam quickly through the water.When the old man saw him coming,he knew that this shark was not afraid.He prepared the harpoon and some rope as the shark approached.The rope was short as he had cut some away before to tie the fish.The old mans head was clear

522、 now and he was ready,but he was not hopeful.I cant win,he thought.He watched the great fish come closer.This might be a dream,he thought.I cannot keep him from hitting me but maybe I can get him.The old man saw the sharks mouth open and take a bite of the fish just above its tail.The sharks head an

523、d back came out of the water and the old man could hear the noise of skin and flesh ripping when he pushed the harpoon down onto the sharks head between his eyes.That was the location of the brain and the old man hit it using all his strength.Despite this,he worried that this was not over yet and th

524、at things might still get worse.The shark turned over again and again,wrapping himself in the rope.The old man knew that he was dead but the shark would not accept it.Then,on his back,with his tail lashing and his jaws clicking,the shark plowed over the*Expanding Your WorldErnest Hemingway87统编版WORKB

525、OOKwater.Three-quarters of his body was clear above the water when the rope broke.The shark lay quietly for a little while on the surface and the old man watched him.Then he went down very slowly.“He took about forty pounds,”the old man said aloud.He took my harpoon too and all the rope,he thought.A

526、nd now my fish bleeds again and there will be other sharks soon.He did not want to look at the damaged fish anymore.When the fish had been hit,it felt like he was hit.But I killed the shark that hit my fish,he thought.And he was the biggest one that I have ever seen.And God knows that I have seen bi

527、g ones.I knew I could not catch the shark,he thought.I wish it had been a dream now and that I had never caught the fish and was alone in bed reading newspapers.“But man is not made for defeat,”he said.“A man can be destroyed but not defeated.”I am sorry that I killed the fish though,he thought.Now

528、I do not even have a harpoon to protect myself.The shark is cruel,strong,and intelligent.But I was more intelligent than he was.Perhaps not,he thought.Perhaps I only had a better weapon.“Dont think,old man,”he said aloud.“Its time to sail home.”But I must think,he thought.Because it is all I have le

529、ft.That and baseball.I wonder how the great DiMaggio would have liked the way I hit the shark in the brain?It was no great thing,he thought.Any man could do it.“Think about something cheerful,old man,”he said.“Every minute now you are closer to home.You sail lighter now for the loss of forty pounds.

530、”He knew this part of the current could be dangerous.But there was nothing to be done now.“Yes,there is,”he said aloud.“I can tie my knife to the bottom of one of the oars.”So,he did that.“Now,”he said.“I am still an old man.But I do have a weapon.”The breeze was fresh now and he sailed on well.Some

531、 of his hope returned.88统编版UNIT 5POEMSUNIT 5POEMS89103Complete the following sentences using the phrases in Activity 2.1 With such a wide variety of comedy series on TV,I would say we are in a of comedy.2 I tried to explain what had happened,but he just looked at me with a and remained silent.3 Just

532、 one month after the was launched,the novel appeared on several bestseller lists.4 The happy couple,who are both over 80,celebrated their anniversary last week.5 Everyone on this project is working extremely hard to meet the.6 You can improve your by reading a wide variety of texts.7 The theatre has

533、 a reputation for providing world-class performance.8 The room is filled with the smell of.4Translate the following sentences into English,using the words and phrases in brackets.1 我愿意和言行一致的人交朋友。(correspond with)2 这首诗有许多不同的英译版本。(version)3 志愿者们希望能将爱的种子散播到每个孩子的心中。(sow the seeds)4 我需要一根绳子把这些气球扎起来。(a pi

534、ece of string)5 在信中他表达了对战争中伤亡的无辜平民的同情。(sympathy,innocent,civilian)1Write down the new words from the unit based on the definitions.1 difficult to understand2 the way you feel at a particular time3 the general arrangement,plan,design,etc.of something4 a strong thread used for tying things together5 a

535、 difference between similar things6 a person who does an activity just for pleasure,not as a job2Match the words from both columns to make phrases.Look up the meanings of the phrases in a dictionary if necessary.folkcomprehensionblankdeadlinecoreexpressionelectronicerafurnituremusicdiamondprejudiceg

536、oldenvaluesreadingversionracialweddingtightpolish1234567Using Words and Expressions 89统编版WORKBOOKUsing Structures1 Use relative pronouns or adverbs to connect the following sentences.1 The Iliad(伊利亚特)and the Odyssey(奥德赛)are among the earliest Western poems.They are considered masterpieces of Western

537、 literature.2 In 2017,Bob Dylan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.This raised a heated debate among the public:Can song lyrics ever be poetry?3 We learnt nursery rhymes as children.We never seem to forget them.4 It can be an enjoyable experience to recite these poems.The rhymes and rhythm of

538、 the poems give them a memorable quality.5 Clicking the link will take you to the website.There you can find classic poems from all around the world.6 Why did the poet write this poem?The reason was to amuse people and make them smile.7 The poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud describes a special momen

539、t in time.At that moment the poet was moved by a field of yellow daffodils dancing in the wind.8 Emily Dickinson was a great American poet.Her life remained a mystery.2 Read the following text and fill in the blanks with correct words.Mulan is a legendary woman from ancient Chinese history,the earli

540、est record is a 360-word poem known as The Ballad of Mulan.There is no proof she was a real person.The only information we are sure about is that her story is connected with the history of China in the 4th or 5th century CE.In the ballad,Mulan decides to take her aged fathers place in the army.After

541、 twelve years fighting,the army returns and the warriors are rewarded.Mulan turns down an official post is offered by the Khan and asks only for a horse to take her back home.After greeting her family,Mulan changes back into her female clothing and visits her comrades,are all amazed and confused.Dur

542、ing the 12 years in the army,they did not realise that Mulan was a woman.*3 Read the lines taken from Tagores Stray Birds.Follow the pattern of words and use your imagination to write your own lines.The hills are like shouts of children who raise their arms,trying to catch stars.Let me think that th

543、ere is one among those stars that guides my life through the dark unknown.Let him only see the thorns who has eyes to see the rose.There are tracts in my life that are bare and silent.They are the open spaces where my busy days had their light and air.90统编版UNIT 5POEMSListening and Speaking1 Read alo

544、ud the following lines taken from Robert Burnss“Auld Lang Syne”and answer the questions.1 Have you ever heard of the poem or the song?Can you sing it?2 What do you know about the song or the poet?2 Listen to the introduction on Robert Burns and complete the notes.3Listen again and answer the questio

545、ns.1 What topic was Robert Burns interested in?2 When do people usually sing the song“Auld Lang Syne”?What is so special about the lyrics?3 Which night is known as Burns Night in Scotland?What do people do on the night?4 Practise reading aloud the poem“Auld Lang Syne”and sing along with the music.Sh

546、ould old acquaintance beforgot,and never brought to mind?Should old acquaintance beforgot,and auld lang syne?For auld lang syne,my dear,for auld lang syne,well take a cup of kindness yet,for auld lang syne.And surely youll buy your pint cup!and surely Ill buy mine!And well take a cup o kindness yet,

547、for auld lang syne.For auld lang syne,my dear,for auld lang syne,well take a cup of kindness yet,for auld lang syne.Born:Nationality:Education:Occupation:Notable works:1“Auld Lang Syne”,written in 2 3 ROBERT BURNS91统编版WORKBOOK1Read the text and answer the questions.1What are the typical features of

548、classical Chinese poetry?2How is modern poetry written?3What themes did the three Tang Dynasty poets like to write about?4Who first introduced Americans to Chinese poetry?5When did European literature come to China?6Who are the most popular English Romantic poets?7What does the writer think about tr

549、anslations of poems?Poetry plays with sounds,words,and grammar.That makes poetry difficult to write but very interesting to read.Poetry uses colours,feelings,experiences,and images to paint a picture in your mind.In Chinese classical poetry,the form is very important:the correct number of lines and

550、the number of characters in each line.Poetry often follows special patterns of rhythm and rhyme.However,modern poets began to reject traditional forms and structures for poetry in the 20th century.As a result,most poetry today is written in free verse,with lines of varying length.During the Tang Dyn

551、asty,a high point of classical Chinese poetry,poems by Li Bai,Du Fu,and Wang Wei became very popular.Widely known as a genius and often called the“Immortal Poet”,Li Bai(701762)wrote with a romantic style and his poems celebrated things such as friendship,nature,and wine.Du Fu(712770)is also known as

552、 one of the greatest Chinese poets.He has been called the“Poet-Historian”and the“Poet-Sage”by Chinese critics,and his poems cover a range of topics,with his most famous poems reflecting on the effects of war on the people.Wang Wei(701761)was a painter,musician,and poet,and he was well known for his

553、love of nature in his paintings and poetry.Reading and WritingExPLORING POETRY IN CHINA92统编版UNIT 5POEMSOutside of Asia,the study of Chinese language introduced the West to Chinese poetry.Americans were first introduced to classical Chinese poetry by American poet Ezra Pound(18851973).He translated 1

554、8 classical Chinese poems,mainly by Li Bai,into English,based on the notes of the American art historian Ernest Fenollosa(18531908).At about the same time,Chinese writers started reading more foreign poetry.From around 1910 onwards,European literature came to China when some famous writers began to

555、translate both poetry and novels into Chinese.Just like readers in the West,Chinese readers admire Shakespeare,John Milton,Alexander Pope and many others for their fine English poetry.English Romantic poets are greatly loved in China.The nature poems by William Wordsworth,Ode to the West Wind by Per

556、cy Bysshe Shelley,George Gordon Byrons Isles of Greece,and long poems by John Keats have long been favourites.The style and the atmosphere in their poems have often led to comparisons with poets such as Du Fu and Li Bai.Among modern poetry,the American poet Robert Frost and his poems might be the be

557、st known.Today,many Chinese people are becoming more interested in reading poems,no matter in what language they are written.Translations can be good,but being able to read in the original language is best.No matter how well a poem is translated,something of the spirit of the original work is lost.B

558、esides,poems and literature can be bridges between East and West.They can help us to understand each other better,or as the poet Mu Dan wrote:Quietly,we embraceIn a world lit up by words.2Discuss the questions with your partner.1How has foreign poetry influenced Chinese poetry?Find the clues from th

559、e text to support your opinion.2Do you think translating poems from one language to another is a good thing?Why?3Read the poems in Expanding Your World and choose the poem you like best.Write an essay about your understanding of the poem,and explain why you like it.The following expressions may help

560、 you.The poem is written from a parents/perspective.The poet describes the scene The poet compares with reminded me of The poet was filled with as he/she wrote The image of brings a feeling of The reason why I love this poem is that 93统编版WORKBOOK*Expanding Your WorldON THE STORK TOWER Wang ZhihuanTh

561、e sun beyond the mountain glows;The Yellow River seawards flows.You can enjoy a grander sightBy climbing to a greater height.(translated by Xu Yuanchong)Two roads diverged in a yellow wood And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler,long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where

562、it bent in the undergrowth;Then took the other,as just as fair,And having perhaps the better claim,Because it was grassy and wanted wear;Though as for that the passing thereHad worn them really about the same,And both that morning equally layIn leaves no step had trodden black.Oh,I kept the first fo

563、r another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way,I doubted if I should ever come back.I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood,and II took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.Robert FrostTHE ROAD NOT TAKENSPRING MORNING

564、Meng HaoranThis spring morning in bed Im lying,Not to awake till birds are crying.After one night of wind and showers,How many are the fallen flowers?(translated by Xu Yuanchong)94统编版THE GIFTI want to give you something,my child,for we are drifting in the stream of the world.Our lives will be carrie

565、d apart,and our love forgotten.But I am not so foolish as to hope that I could buy your heart with my gifts.Young is your life,your path long,and you drink the love we bring you at one draught and turn and run away from us.You have your play and your playmates.What harm is there if you have no time

566、for thought for us?We indeed,have leisure enough in old age to count the days that are past,to cherish in our hearts what our hands have lost for ever.The river runs swift with a song,breaking through all barriers.But the mountain stays and remembers,and follows her with his love.TagoreON CHILDRENYo

567、ur children are not your children.They are the sons and daughters of Lifes longing for itself.They come through you but not from you,And though they are with you yet they belong not to you.You may give them your love but not your thoughts,For they have their own thoughts.You may house their bodies b

568、ut not their souls,For their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow,which you cannot visit,not even in your dreams.You may strive to be like them,but seek not to make them like you.For life goes not backward nor tarries with yesterday.You are the bows from which your childrenas living arrows are sent

569、forth.The archer sees the mark upon the path of the infinite,and He bends you with His might that His arrows may go swift and far.Let your bending in the archers hand be for gladness;For even as He loves the arrow that flies,so He loves also the bow that is stable.Kahlil GibranUNIT 5POEMS95统编版Append

570、icesNotes 注释Unit 11 The Middle Ages中世纪中世纪也称作Medieval times/period，是指欧洲从罗马文明瓦解起到文艺复兴运动之间的大约1,000年左右。这一时期，宗教教会统治严酷，艺术局限于为宗教服务，成为基督教的象征性再现，体现于教堂建筑在艺术及工程设计所取得的传世成就，如拜占庭教堂、罗马式教堂、哥特式教堂，以及与宗教相关的雕刻、绘画等。这一时期的艺术作品也偶有世俗内容的体现。2 Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional,and the main characters.他们的作品通常

571、较为粗糙且二维化，主体人物dimension意为“维”，又称“维度”，系几何学及空间理论概念，也是绘画、构图的基本概念之一。构成空间的每一个因素，如长、宽、高各自称作一维。直线是一维的，平面是二维的，普通空间（立体）属于三维。3 Giotto di Bondone(12671337)乔托 迪 邦多纳乔托是意大利文艺复兴初期的画家、雕塑家、建筑师，被誉为“欧洲绘画之父”。乔托的作品，突出人物和形象的自然性，画作富有景深视觉效果，栩栩如生，为同时代绘画杰出楷模，在绘画艺术史上产生了深远的影响。4 The Renaissance文艺复兴时期文艺复兴是欧洲新兴资产阶级在意识形态领域开展的反封建、反教会

572、神权的一场思想文化运动。13、14世纪酝酿并逐步兴起于意大利，15世纪末叶扩展至其他欧洲国家，16世纪达到顶峰。它从意识形态领域各方面冲击封建教会束缚，提出并建立起人文主义世界观，即反对教会的“神性”，肯定人的价值和尊严。这是一段科学和艺术的革命和变革时期，这一时期的绘画艺术受到人文主义思想的影响，绘画技法得以创新发展，艺术家在人体表现、景深、色彩、动作形态表现以及形象布局等诸多方面有巨大的发现和创新。5 Masaccio(14011428)马萨乔马萨乔是意大利文艺复兴时期的重要画家。他的一生虽然短暂，但在西方美术史上却占有重要的地位，他在画作中运用了透视法，极大地提升了绘画作品的真实性和可观

573、赏性。“透视法”（the use of perspective）为美术理论术语，指科学地利用线条或色彩在平面上表现立体空间的方法。这一美术理论概念是文艺复兴的产物，马萨乔在其画作中最先体现这种透视关系，形成概念，后经达 芬奇等画家发展完善，形成完整的理论体系。6 Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci(14521519),Michelangelo(14751564),and Raphael(14831520)built upon Giotto and Masaccios innovations to produce some of the

574、greatest art that Europe had ever seen.一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多 达 芬奇、米开朗琪罗和拉斐尔，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。达 芬奇、米开朗琪罗和拉斐尔是文艺复兴时期三位最为杰出的美术家，在西方美术史上是划时代的里程碑式人物，有“文艺复兴美术三杰”之称。达 芬奇，意大利艺术家、学者、发明家。他自幼刻苦钻研科学，在天文、地理、力学、数学、解Appendices附录96统编版Notes剖学、植物学等领域成就卓著，在技术方面也有许多重大发明和革新。达 芬奇是一位博学全才，尤以在艺术领域的贡献最为突出，他

575、建立了完整的绘画理论，其画作如最后的晚餐（The Last Supper）、蒙娜丽莎（Mona Lisa）等，居意大利文艺复兴时期最优秀的艺术作品之列。米开朗琪罗，意大利雕塑家、画家、建筑家、诗人。他所塑造的人物形象具有力量和健美完美结合的特点，表现出雄浑壮伟的英雄精神。他的艺术作品，如大卫（David）雕像、西斯廷礼拜堂的壁画，鲜明地体现了人文主义思想和现实主义与浪漫主义相结合的特征，是意大利文艺复兴鼎盛时期的代表作。拉斐尔，意大利画家。他绘有大量壁画，擅长塑造圣母形象。他的画作，如雅典学院（School of Athens），表现出纯真优美、庄重自然、明快清晰、和谐简洁的古典美术品质。他优

576、雅的人物描绘和画面构图技巧一直影响到20世纪初期的艺术家。7 While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil,this technique reached its height with Rembrandt(16061669),who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.尽管早在达 芬奇时代，一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。此句while为“尽管；虽然”之意，相当于although，引导让步状语从句，是连词while的基本用法之一

577、。例如：While I like you personally,I dont think you are doing the right thing this time.尽管我喜欢你，但我认为这一次你做得不对。While the news,so far,has been good,there may be days ahead when it is bad.虽然到目前为止好消息不断，但未来的日子里或许会有坏消息。伦勃朗，荷兰画家，是欧洲17世纪最伟大的艺术家之一。他擅画肖像、人物风俗、宗教历史题材画作。伦勃朗擅长灵活独到地处理复杂画面中的明暗光线对比，用光线强化画中的主要部分，也让暗部去弱化和

578、消融次要因素，从而令画作传递出强烈的戏剧效应，形成独具个性的画风。其代表作有夜巡（The Night Watch）等。8 Impressionism印象主义（画派）印象主义，兴起于19世纪60年代的法国，是西方绘画史中的重要艺术潮流运动，也被视为一个独立的绘画流派。画家们受当时不断进步的光学理论和其他科学领域的启发，在用色上突出光线的反差对比，注重绘画中光线明暗的表现和创新尝试。这一流派的典型特点是画作个性鲜明，从自然取材，重要的不是表现主题，而是力求再现在一瞬间光从物体表面反射到眼睛的实际印象。这一流派的代表人物有莫奈、雷诺阿、马奈、毕沙罗、西斯莱等。莫奈(1840一1926)，法国画家，西

579、方绘画印象派的创始人和领袖，也是印象主义艺术大师中最具影响力的人物。他擅长光影表现技法，他用光影和色彩描绘出自己时代世界的迷幻和浪漫，创作出一系列色调丰富、观察力新颖、富有人生乐趣的风景画。其代表作有印象 日出（Impression,Sunrise）、圣拉查尔火车站（La Gare Saint-Lazare）、睡莲（Water Lilies）等。雷诺阿(1841一1919)，法国印象派重要的代表人物。除一些风景画作外，雷诺阿以描绘人物著称，尤其是女性和孩童。他的画作多以阳光和鲜亮的色彩给观者带来愉悦的感受，向人们展现着世间美景和人间的友善和温暖。他的代表作有船上的午餐（Luncheon of

580、the Boating Party）、煎饼磨坊的舞会（Dance at the Moulin De La Galette）等。impressionism一词由impression和后缀-ism 构成。名词后缀-ism 相当于汉语的“主义；论；说；派；性”。例如：capitalism 资本主义、modernism现代派、humanism人性等。【思考】你还知道哪些带有后缀-ism 的名词？它们分别表示什么意思？97统编版Appendices9 ink wash animation film 水墨动画电影（水墨动画片）水墨动画片是我国艺术家和电影制作者共同努力，将国画传统绘画技艺与现代动画电影形式

581、相结合的创举，在我国乃至世界美术及影视艺术领域都具有划时代的意义。这个动画艺术新品种诞生于上世纪60年代初期，上海美术电影制片厂经过一年多的精心努力，制作完成世界第一部水墨动画片小蝌蚪找妈妈，该片根据方惠珍、盛璐德的同名童话改编，取材于国画大师齐白石绘画的鱼、虾等形象。影片获得国内外一致好评，成为我国动画电影的里程碑。该厂后续还制作了牧笛山水情等水墨动画电影，获得国内外广泛赞誉。10 Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty(1600 BCE1046 BCE)

582、.同样十分重要的（看点）是一组近百件商代（公元前1600年公元前1046年）青铜器藏品。of note是习语。如果人们说某人或事“of note”，则是表达此人或此事十分“重要；有趣”或是“值得关注；值得一提”。例如：Nothing of note happened that day.那天没什么重要的事发生。He had already designed some buildings of note by then.那时他已经设计出一些颇具影响力的建筑物了。11 This is just a small taste of what is in store for you in this exh

583、ibition.这只是该展览供您参观的一小部分。此处，taste是“经历；感受；体验”的含义。taste作这种用法时，经常用作单数，形成较为固定的短语a taste of。例如：The trip aims to provide the children with a taste of the countryside first-hand.这次旅行旨在让孩子们亲身感受一下乡村。This became his first taste of acting for the big screen.这成为他登上大银幕的初次演出体验。此句的in store(for somebody)是习语，表示“某事即将发

584、生”，英语相当于“about to happen”。例如：Who knows what lies in store for us?谁知道前面有什么等着我们呢？There is a real treat in store for everyone this weekend!这个周末有好事等着大家呢！Unit 21 For example,some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse,which can lead to physical and mental health problems.例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能

585、自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。tobacco or alcohol abuse意为“过度吸烟或饮酒”。abuse此处意为“（无节制的）滥用；妄用”，既可以用作名词又可以用作动词。例如：the abuse of power滥用权力、abuse ones position to do sth滥用职权做某事。再如：The leader has been arrested for the abuse of power.这位领导人因滥用权力而被捕。She abused her position as principal by giving jobs to her friends.她滥用校长职权，把工作安

586、排给她的朋友们。abuse还有“虐待”之意，作名词和动词皆可。如：Measures have to be taken to stop animal abuse.必须采取措施禁止虐待动物。2 There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle:“We are what we repeatedly do.”有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”亚里士多德（Aristotle），古希腊人，世界古代史上伟大的哲学家、科学家和教育家，堪称希腊哲学的集大成者。他是柏拉图的学生。他有一句名言：“吾爱吾师，

587、吾更爱真理。”98统编版Notes3 To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits,we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。文中adapt和adjust都可以表示“调整；使适应”的意思，常见用法为adapt/adjust sth to do sth。如：It may be necessary to adjust/adapt your ideal to mak

588、e it more practical.你需要调整你的理想，让它更实际。而adapt/adjust to sth 的用法表示“适应（环境、形势）”。如：It certainly takes time to adjust/adapt to new rules.适应新规则当然需要时间。4 I feel more dynamic and stronger than ever,in both body and mind.我感到身体和精神都比以前更富活力，更加强健。After six months of trying out new ways of relaxing,I feel much more e

589、nergetic.用了六个月尝试新的放松方式后，我感到精力充沛多了。dynamic 和 energetic 都可以形容人有活力，但前者更强调精神上“有活力、有思想、有创意”，而后者更强调体力上“精力充沛”。dynamic还可以表达某物、某地、某种关系有活力。如：I am very happy to join this young and dynamic team.我非常高兴加入这个年轻、有活力的团队。The dynamic economy in this region has greatly improved peoples living standard.这个地区活跃的经济极大地提高了人民的

590、生活水平。Once she steps on stage,she becomes extremely energetic.她一站上舞台，就变得活力四射。另外，dynamic还常可以表达“动态的”含义。如：The policy-making process is dynamic and flexible.决策过程是动态和灵活的。5 Now my dad and I go rock climbing together monthly!现在我和爸爸每个月都一块去攀岩。monthly是由名词month和后缀-ly 构成，在此处是副词，意思是“每月”。monthly 有多种词性，可以用作副词，也可以用作

591、形容词（“每月的”，如：monthly pay 月薪）和名词（“月刊”）。类似的词还有：daily、weekly。【思考】你还知道哪些“名词+-ly”的单词，它们的词性是什么？表达什么意义？6 As Gandhi said,“Be the change you want to see in the world.”正如甘地所说，“欲变世界，先变其身。”甘地（1869一1948），印度现代民族解放运动的著名领袖，也是印度伟大的民族英雄。以倡导非暴力不合作运动闻名于世，不仅激励了印度人民奋起争取民族解放，也鼓舞了其他殖民地国家的人民争取民族独立、民权和自由。甘地一生著述颇丰，他的很多观点富含哲理。U

592、nit 31 greenhouse effect 温室效应由于地球大气的作用很像是一个玻璃或塑料温室的屋顶和墙，温室效应因此而得名。地球的大气允许大量阳光通过并加热地面。地球以红外辐射的形式发射热能返回大气中。由于大气中某些气体能吸收它，许多辐射热能不能自由进入太空，它们变得温暖并发射红外辐射返回地球，再次使地表变暖。这些气体被称为“温室气体”，主要包括水汽（water vapor）、二氧化碳（carbon dioxide）、甲烷（methane）等。它们的作用是使地球表面变得更暖，类似于温室截留太阳辐射，并加热温室内空气。99统编版Appendices2 Previously,water q

593、uality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists,many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.以往，漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。volume作为名词，常用来表达“数量”意义，其数量概念大多与体积、容积有关；也与整个物体的移动过程有关，常表达流量、吞吐量、消耗量、工作量等，例如the volume of rain water、so much volume of traffic、the

594、 volume of work等。再如：We have been so surprised by the volume of rain water this summer,which has been much more than when we first moved here.我们对今年夏天的降雨量感到很吃惊，（今年的雨量）可比我们刚搬到这里时大多了。How can the city government control such a large volume of traffic?市政府怎样才能控制这么大的交通流量？volume、quantity和amount都可以表示“数量”概念，但三

595、者在实际的使用中略有差别。quantity表达“数量；数额”等含义时，用以说明事物“多少”的问题，常和 large、enormous、high 以及small、limited、minimum等程度形容词连用组成短语。这种表达数量的短语既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词，例如：a large quantity of water、a limited quantity of services等。amount可以用作动词，意为“总计；共计”；也可以作名词，用来表达“总量”或“数量”之意义，常用来修饰不可数名词。例如：the amount of money、a massive amount of t

596、ime、huge amount of food、the amount of your investment等。再如：All enrolled students can have access to a large quantity of books in the library.所有注册的学生都能接触到图书馆里大量的书籍。We guarantee to return the original amount of your investment if everything goes well.如果一切顺利，我保证还你投资的本金。3 Water Ten Plan 水十条全称为水污染防治行动计划，最

597、早叫“水计划”，因为要与已经出台的“大气十条”相对应，改为“水十条”。由环保部所属环境保护部环境规划院牵头编制，2015年2月中央政治局常务委员会会议审议通过，4月16日正式发布。“水十条”旨在通过在污水处理、工业废水、全面控制污染物排放等多方面进行强力监管和启动严格的问责制，改善全国水环境质量，实现生态系统的良性循环。4 River Chief System 河长制河长制，即由中国各级党政主要负责人担任“河长”，负责组织领导相应河湖的管理和保护工作。河长制经水利部推广已经在全国许多省市落地。河长制的推行使诸多地区的水环境得到了明显改善，给严峻而复杂的水环境治理带来了曙光。5In additi

598、on,the ambitious“Water Ten Plan”is also now tackling water pollution across the country.Other initiatives,such as the“River Chief System”,hold senior officials responsible for reducing water pollution.With such campaigns in effect,Chinas waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future.另

599、外，“水十条”的宏伟规划则是为了治理整个国家的水污染问题。例如“河长制”这样的举措，还将减少水污染作为高级官员的责任。实际上，随着这些行动（的展开），中国的水资源正朝着洁净的、可持续发展的未来迈进。这一段话先后出现了三个表述“计划”或“方案”的词：plan、initiative、campaign。plan一词可以理解为“计划；条目”；initiative 一词可以理解为“新方案；倡议”；而campaign则可以理解为“运动；行动”等含义。三个不同的词语使用不仅可以增强表达的丰富性，而且可以使句子衔接更为紧密。【思考】你能根据这三个词的不同含义分别写出不同的句子吗？100统编版NotesUnit

600、 41 A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE 一次成功的失败这个标题使用了矛盾修辞法（Oxymoron），这种修辞手法是将两个意义上相互矛盾或排斥的词放在一起使用，以表面上不协调的搭配造成某种特殊的表达效果。又如:No light,but rather darkness visible.与其说是亮光，不如说是能看得见的黑暗。The state of this house is a cheerless welcome.房子里是一种冷清的欢迎气氛。2 Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Anta

601、rctica on the ship Endurance in 1914.珀西 布莱克博罗于1914年加入欧内斯特 沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号南极探险之旅。Perce Blackborow珀西 布莱克博罗（1896一1949），威尔士水手。他因在“坚忍”号船上的服务表现获得了“青铜极地勋章”（Bronze Polar Medal）。Ernest Shackleton 欧内斯特 沙克尔顿（1874一1922），英国极地探险家，曾带领英国探险队三次前往南极洲，是南极探险英雄时代的主要人物之一。课文内容描述的就是他第三次带领探险队赴南极探险（1914一1917）的故事，虽然最终没有到达原定的目标，但是

602、沙克尔顿与“坚忍”号船员们在极地700多天的求生经历，创造了20世纪一次伟大的生还奇迹。这一真实的探险故事，不仅催生出不少相关的文学作品，还被拍摄成纪录片和电影。同时，沙克尔顿作为领导者的智慧和才能，常被各类经营管理类课程与书籍列为经典案例。3 The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck!冰把我们周围都冻住了，我们彻底被卡住了！well and truly 意为“完全地；彻底地”。例如：The party was well and truly over by the time he arrived.他赶到时聚会已经完全结束。

603、Id rather not make any big purchases until we are well and truly out of debt.在我们完全摆脱债务之前，我宁愿不买任何大件东西。4“Hold on now,Perce.Dont you go turning into another Tom,”came the reply.传来一声回答：“要坚持住啊，珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆。”hold on 可以表示“等一等；坚持住；继续”。例如：Hold on.Ill be ready in just a moment.稍等，我马上就好。We just had to hold o

604、n until help arrived.我们必须坚持住直到救援到来。Weve got to go now.We cant hold on any longer.我们得离开了，不能再等了。Now hold on,Ed,that wasnt what we agreed at all!你等一下，艾德，咱们说好的可不是这样的！此处的Dont you go.是一个祈使句，意思是“你可不要”。其后的came the reply是倒装句，这种倒装句式常出现在描绘人物对话的情节中，尤其是在文学作品中，其目的是为了使叙述更加连贯、生动。例如：“You are very much older than I a

605、m,”said Winston.温斯顿说：“你比我年长多了。”5 There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.没有什么比得上一顿好饭和一点儿音乐能让我们振作起来了。there is/was nothing like.是用来表达赞美的常见句型，意思是“没有什么比更”。例如：Theres nothing like a holiday to make one feel relaxed.没有什么比得上假期更让人放松的了。【思考】你还学过哪些与nothing相关的常用短语或句型吗？请举例说明。101统编版Appen

606、dicesUnit 51 The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words,descriptive and vivid language,integrated imagery,literary devices such as similes and metaphors,and arrangement of words,lines,rhymes,and rhythm.诗歌的显著特点通常包括：用词简洁；语言描述生动、形象；具备整合的意象；使用明喻和暗喻等文学手法；词、行、韵、节奏等编排有序

607、。诗歌（poetry）是依照一定的节奏、音调、韵律要求，以强烈而真挚的情感，凝练、形象的语言来表达和反映人的精神世界和社会生活的一种文学形式。2different forms of poetry 不同种类的诗歌 nursery rhymes 儿歌或童谣，由历代儿童传承下来的传统韵文或儿歌，在美国通常被称为“鹅妈妈儿歌”。常见的儿歌类型有摇篮曲（催眠曲）、玩耍儿歌、数目儿歌、历史事件或人物为题材的儿歌、谜语等。儿歌的特点是形式短小、语言通俗易懂、节奏明快、韵律响亮。cinquain 五行诗，指由五个诗行组成的诗歌形式。Haiku 俳句是日本诗歌的一种形式，是最短的抒情诗之一。俳句由三行17个音节

608、组成：第一行5个音节，第二行7个音节，第三行5个音节。俳句中要有一个“季语”。所谓季语是指用以表示春、夏、秋、冬及新年的季节用语。blank verse 无韵诗，指不押韵的抑扬格五音步诗。free verse 自由诗，指没有格律和没有押韵格式的诗。sonnet 十四行诗，指用几种规定韵式所写的由14行组成的诗。意大利十四行诗也称为皮特拉克十四行诗，一般韵式为：abbaabba cdecde或abbaabba cdcdcd；英国十四行诗也叫莎士比亚十四行诗，韵式是abab cdcd efef gg。【思考】你还知道其他常见的英文诗歌类型吗？请通过网络搜索找到答案。3The language of

609、 these rhymes,like Poem A,is to the point but has a storyline.这些童谣（如诗歌A）的语言简单明了，但带有故事情节。to the point是习语，意思是“简明恰当；简洁中肯”。例如：I think his advice is very much to the point.我认为他的建议很中肯。We dont have much time left,so please make sure your comments are brief and to the point.我们剩下的时间不多了，所以请务必简明扼要地陈述你的意见。4 A l

610、ot of Tang poetry has been translated into English,such as this one(F).有许多唐诗被翻译成英文，比如这一首诗（F）。望夫石 王建望夫处，江悠悠，化为石，不回头。山头日日风复雨，行人归来石应语。王建（768835），字仲初，颍川（现河南省许昌市）人，唐朝诗人。出身寒微，中过进士，曾一102统编版Notes度从军，也做过官，晚年无妻无子，生活凄苦。他的诗题材广泛，思想深刻，多反映社会生活和人民疾苦。名篇有田家行水夫谣羽林行射虎行古从军渡辽水田家留客望夫石等。5 Tagore 泰戈尔拉宾德拉纳特 泰戈尔（Rabindranath

611、Tagore）（1861一1941），印度孟加拉语作家、诗人、哲学家、艺术家、社会活动家。泰戈尔从15岁开始文学创作，到去世前共创作了50多部诗集、13部中长篇小说、近100篇短篇小说、40多部剧本、2,000多首歌曲，以及大量散文、随笔、游记、论文、论著等。1913年获诺贝尔文学奖。泰戈尔对中国怀有崇高的友情。他20岁时就写文谴责英国对中国倾销鸦片毒害中国人民的罪行。他还抨击和斥责日本军国主义侵略中国的行动，支持和同情中国人民的正义斗争。1924年他访问中国。中国人民尊敬他，也喜爱他的作品。他的诗集，如吉檀迦利园丁集新月集飞鸟集等在我国都广受欢迎。6Elizabeth Barrett Bro

612、wning 布朗宁夫人伊丽莎白 巴雷特 布朗宁（1806一1861），英国女诗人。生于英格兰达勒姆附近，卒于意大利佛罗伦萨。15岁时坠马受伤，长期卧病，在静养中博览群书，并从事诗歌创作。1838年以诗集天使及其他诗歌成名。诗人罗伯特 布朗宁慕名来访，与之相爱，后秘密成婚，并出走意大利。葡萄牙人的十四行诗集（Sonnets from the Portuguese）（1850）是她赠给丈夫的真挚感人的爱情诗，诗句精炼，才气横溢，被认为是19世纪中叶英国的优秀诗作。7the Victorian era 维多利亚时代维多利亚时代指英国维多利亚女王（1819一1901）（Alexandrina Vict

613、oria）的统治时期。维多利亚女王是英国历史上最有名的统治者之一，在位时期长达63年（1837一1901）。在这一时期，英国的国力达到顶峰，并对外扩张，建立了庞大的殖民帝国。8Langston Hughes 兰斯顿 休斯兰斯顿 休斯（1902一1967），美国黑人诗人、小说家、社会活动家、剧作家和专栏作家。他生于密苏里州的乔普林市，卒于纽约。1922年他进入哥伦比亚大学学习，曾当过水手、看门人、饭馆厨师、洗衣房工人和旅馆侍者，生活经验丰富。在此期间，他勤奋写作，在危机机会等黑人报刊上发表了不少诗作，参加哈莱姆文艺复兴运动。他的文学作品包括多种体裁，主要以诗歌闻名，被称为“哈莱姆的桂冠诗人”。他

614、的创作始终围绕黑人（尤其是下层劳动人民）的生活而展开，倾诉了他们的苦难与辛酸、欢乐与希望，以及对自由、民主的追求与渴望，表达对种族歧视的抗议；因而，他的诗歌对美国与非洲黑人诗歌的发展产生了积极而深远的影响。他的诗歌从黑人民间音乐和民歌得到借鉴，有爵士乐的韵律和节奏，格调清新，热情奔放。休斯也是最早的“爵士诗歌”创作者之一。【思考】本单元所涉及的诗人很多，例如还有H.W.Longfellow、Kahlil Gibran、Robert Frost等,他们来自哪个国家？写过哪些脍炙人口的诗作？请利用网络搜索相关信息，分享你最喜爱的英文诗歌作品。103统编版AppendicesGrammar 语法I

615、Infinitives 动词不定式（2）（3）动词不定式（Infinitives）是重要的非谓语动词形式之一，由“（to）+动词原形”构成。动词不定式有动词特征，可与其逻辑主语、宾语、状语等一起构成不定式短语。动词不定式在句中的位置灵活、句法功能丰富，可充当谓语以外的几乎所有句子成分。除前面学过的不定式作宾语、宾补、定语、状语等用法外，不定式在句中还可以用作主语和表语。1 不定式作主语（1）用作主语的动词不定式及其短语常出现在谓语动词之后，这时需在句首用形式主语 it 指代它。例如：As a chef,it was my duty to cook,so I tried to vary the

616、meals in whatever way I could.It was easy to imagine the danger ahead of them.During this period,it can be easy for some teenagers to form bad habits.（2）不定式作主语位于句首常出现于正式文体中。例如：To help others gives a person satisfaction.To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenagers life is essentia

617、l.To change bad habits is never easy,even with many attempts.2不定式作表语Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.In this work,Monets aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene.3“疑问词+不定式”结构 动词不定式可与疑问词 when、where、how、wha

618、t、which、who 等组合，构成不定式短语，在句中主要用作主语、宾语和表语。When to start has not been decided yet.(作主语)Do you know where to find Tom?(作宾语)My main concern is how to get there on time.(作表语)II Direct Speech and Indirect Speech 直接引语和间接引语 引述别人的话有两种方式：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语（Direct Speech）。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语（Indirect Speech）。间接引语在多数

619、情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。例如：John told her,“Id like to see a movie now.”(直接引语)John told her that he would like to see a movie then.(间接引语)间接引语比直接引语使用起来更加灵活，而且还可以达到委婉、礼貌等交际目的，因此在语言交际中间接引语比直接引语更加常用。使用间接引语时，所转述的信息要便于听者理解，这就要求说话人根据时间、地点、指代关系等语境因素的变化，对直接引语中的部分词语在语言形式上进行必要的变化。例如：The reporter asked,“W

620、ill polar bears die out because of climate change?”(直接引语)The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.(间接引语)使用间接引语时，英语和汉语既有相似之处（如人称、时间、地点、指代词的变化等），也有不同的特点（如时态变化等）。例如：He said,“I will go to see you at your home tomorrow.”He said that he would come to see me at my home

621、 the next day.The reporter asked,“How can we save polar bears from extinction?”The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.104统编版转述祈使句时，要根据说话人的情感和语气使用tell、ask、order、advise等动词，再把祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式。如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式前加not。例如：“Lets work together to stop climate change,”the expert said.T

622、he expert advised us to work together to stop climate change.He said,“Dont make so much noise,boys.”He told the boys not to make so much noise.III Tenses 时态（4）现在完成进行时(The Present Perfect Continuous Tense)1 使用现在完成进行时的句子，谓语由“have/has+been+doing”构成。现在完成进行时陈述句、一般疑问句和简单回答如表格所示（以动词 work 为例）：陈述句一般疑问句简单回答I/

623、We/You/They have(not)been working Have I/we/you/they been working?Yes,I/we/you/they have.No,I/we/you/they havent.He/She/It has(not)been working Has he/she/it been working?Yes,he/she/it has.No,he/she/it hasnt.2 使用现在完成进行时的句子，表达的是谓语动词所叙述的动作行为由过去开始，一直持续到说话之时且有可能还在继续。例如：This is the adventure that I have

624、been dreaming of.We have been struggling for days,but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.The dog has been barking for about two hours.I really hope it will stop soon.3 使用现在完成进行时的句子，表意上需要动作行为具有延续性的特点。因此，某些不具延续性含义的动词，如 come、go、marry、die、finish 等，不适用于现在完成进行时。IV Relative Clauses 定语从句

625、定语从句中一般不用 which 作关系代词的几种情况：1 当先行词为 all、little、much、few、every、everything、any、anything、no、nothing、none 等不定代词或由它们修饰时，关系代词多用 that 而不用 which。例如：Is there anything(that)I can do for you?All(that)I want is your advice.There is nothing that can be done.2 先行词前有序数词修饰时，关系词通常用 that 不用 which。例如：The first thing(th

626、at)we need to do is to work out a plan.3 先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，关系词通常用 that 不用 which。例如：That was the best film(that)I have ever seen.4 先行词前有 the very、the only、the same、the right 等修饰时，关系词通常用 that 不用 which。例如 There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil,so the only fuel(that)we could use was animal fa

627、t.5 当主句是以 which、who、what 开头的特殊问句时，引导定语从句的关系代词一般用 that，而不用which。例如：What is the main environmental issue(that)you want to address?Which of those books that are on the desk belongs to you?105Grammar统编版AppendicesUnit 1precise/prsas/adj.准确的；精确的precisely/prsasli/adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此Christianity/krstinti/n.基督教

628、realistic/rilstk/adj.现实的；逼真的realism/rilzm/n.逼真；现实主义；务实作风realist/rilst/n.现实主义画家（或作家等）；现实主义者primitive/prmtv/adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的n.文艺复兴前的艺术家（或作品）two-dimensional/t damennl/adj.二维的dimension/damenn/n.维；规模；范围in particular 尤其；特别set apart from 使与众不同；使突出；使优于humanistic/hjmnstk/adj.人文主义的humanity/hjmnti/n.人性；人道；（统

629、称）人类breakthrough/brekr/n.重大进展；突破influential/nflenl/adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的reputation/repjten/n.名誉；名声noble/nbl/n.贵族成员；出身高贵的人adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的rank/rk/n.地位；级别；行列 vt.&vi.把分等级；使排成行purchase/pts/vt.购买；采购 n.购买；购买的东西mythology/mldi/n.神话；虚幻的想法client/klant/n.委托人；当事人；客户photography/ftrfi/n.照相术；摄影emerge/md/vi.&vt.出现；浮现；暴露

630、sunrise/snraz/n.日出convey/knve/vt.表达；传递（思想、感情等）；传送subjective/sbdektv/adj.主观的outer/at(r)/adj.外表的；外边的；外围的subsequent/sbskwnt/adj.随后的；后来的；之后的fond/fnd/adj.喜爱be fond of 喜爱；喜欢fine art(also fine arts)美术（尤其绘画和雕塑）sculpture/sklpt(r)/n.雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术sculptor/sklpt(r)/n.雕刻家；雕塑家visual/vl/adj.视觉的；视力的water lily/lli/n.睡莲

631、pond/pnd/n.池塘；水池arched/tt/adj.拱形的；弓形的arch/t/vt.&vi.呈弧形横跨；（使）成弓形n.拱；拱形结构；拱门investment/nvestmnt/n.投资额；投资；（时间、精力的）投入bride/brad/n.新娘permanent/pmnnt/adj.永久的；永恒的；长久的memorial/mmril/n.纪念碑（或像等）；纪念物；纪念品adj.纪念的；悼念的humble/hmbl/adj.谦逊的；虚心的；卑微的criticise(NAmE-ize)/krtsaz/vi.&vt.批评；指责；评价criticism/krtszm/n.批评；指责；评论r

632、epresentative/reprzenttv/adj.典型的；有代表性的n.代表ink/k/n.墨水；墨汁；油墨animation/nmen/n.（电脑、录像）动画制作；动画片Words and Expressions in Each Unit 各单元生词和习惯用语注:黑体部分为课标词和短语；白体部分为非课标词；专有名词在每单元词表后面单独列出。106统编版frame/frem/n.画面；框架vt.给镶框；陷害symphony/smfni/n.交响乐；交响曲decline/dklan/n.（数量、价格、质量等的）减少；下降；衰落vi.&vt.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝exhibition/ek

633、sbn/n.展览；（技能、感情或行为的）表演bronze/brnz/n.青铜；深红褐色adj.青铜色的；深红褐色的ceramic/srmk/n.陶瓷制品；制陶艺术vase/vz;NAmE ves;vez/n.花瓶；装饰瓶artistic/tstk/adj.艺术的；艺术家的entry/entri/n.加入；进入；参与civil/svl/adj.国民的；民用的；民事的recognition/reknn/n.承认；认出；赞誉Buddhist/bdst/adj.佛教的 n.佛教徒Buddhism/bdzm/n.佛教expansion/kspnn/n.扩张；扩展；扩大bring to life 赋予生命

634、；使鲜活起来guarantee/rnti/vt.保证；确保；肯定必然发生n.保证；保修单；担保物contemporary/kntemprri/adj.当代的；现代的；属同时期的n.同代人；同辈人worthy/wi/adj.值得的；有价值的be worthy of 值得The Middle Ages 中世纪Giotto di Bondone/dt d bndne/乔托迪邦多纳（意大利画家、雕刻家、建筑师）the Renaissance/rnesns;NAmE rensns/文艺复兴（时期）Masaccio/mst/马萨乔（意大利现实主义画家）Leonardo da Vinci/lind d vn

635、t/莱昂纳多达芬奇（意大利艺术家、学者、发明家）Michelangelo/maklndl/米开朗琪罗（意大利雕塑家、画家、建筑师、诗人）Raphael/rfel/拉斐尔（意大利画家）Rembrandt/rembrnt/伦勃朗（荷兰画家）Impressionism/mprenzm/n.印象主义；印象派（绘画风格）Claude Monet/kld mne/克劳德莫奈（法国印象派画家）Renoir/renw/雷诺阿（法国印象派画家）Picasso/pks/毕加索（西班牙画家、雕塑家）Cubism/kjubzm/立体主义；立体派Giverny/dveni/吉维尼（法国小镇）Tadpoles/tdpls

636、/Searching for Mother 小蝌蚪找妈妈The Cowboys Flute/flut/牧笛Feeling from Mountain and Water 山水情Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass 函关雪霁图（明代画家唐寅画作）Unit 2tobacco/tbk/n.烟草；烟叶alcohol/lkhl/n.酒；酒精abuse/bjus/n.滥用；虐待；辱骂/bjuz/vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂physical/fzkl/adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的dominate/dmnet/vt.&vi.支配；控制；占有优势repeatedly/r

637、pitdli/adv.重复地psychology/sakldi/n.心理学；心理；心理影响cue/kju/n.提示；暗示；信号vt.给（某人）暗示（或提示）in response to 回答；答复reward/rwd/n.回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬rely/rla/vi.依赖；依靠；信赖rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖facilitate/fsltet/vt.促进；促使；使便利examine/zmn/vt.（仔细）检查；审查；测验negative/netv/adj.消极的；有害的；否定的escalator/esklet(r)/n.自动扶梯；滚梯straight away 立即

638、；马上pessimistic/pesmstk/adj.悲观的；悲观主义的discipline/dspln/n.自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚pill/pl/n.药丸；药片delete/dlit/v.删去；删除decide on 决定；选定make up ones mind 下定决心compose/kmpz/vt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写be composed of 由组成（或构成）的surgeon/sdn/n.外科医生surgery/sdri/n.外科手术；外科学107Words and Expressions in Each Unit统编版Appendicesliberati

639、on/lbren/n.解放；摆脱shave/ev/vi.,vt.&n.剃（须发）；刮脸shave off 剃掉；刮去beard/bd/n.胡须；络腮胡子disturb/dstb/vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼cigarette/sret/n.香烟；卷烟specialist/spelst/n.专科医生；专家consultant/knsltnt/n.顾问；高级顾问医师drug/dr/n.毒品；药物skip/skp/vt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳n.蹦跳dizzy/dzi/adj.头晕目眩的flu/fl/n.流感stimulate/stmjlet/vt.激发；促进；刺激dentist

640、/dentst/n.牙科医生sugary/ri/adj.含糖的；甜的nut/nt/n.坚果skateboard/sketbd/n.滑板vi.滑滑板dynamic/danmk/adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的stressed out 焦虑不安；心力交瘁worn out 筋疲力尽的；疲惫的bowling/bl/n.保龄球运动comedy/kmdi/n.喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目monthly/mnli/adv.&adj.每月；每月一次的n.月刊enhance/nhns;NAmE-hns/vt.提高；增强；增进refresh/rfre/vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新absorb/bsb/vt.吸引

641、全部注意力；吸收Aristotle/rsttl/亚里士多德（古希腊哲学家）Peoples Liberation Army(PLA)中国人民解放军Lao Zi 老子（中国古代哲学家）Unit 3graph/rf/n.图；图表；曲线图emission/imn/n.排放物；散发物；排放melt/melt/vi.&vt.（使）融化；熔化；软化starve/stv/vi.&vt.（使）挨饿；饿死seal/sil/n.海豹ecology/ikldi/n.生态；生态学release/rlis/vt.&n.排放；释放；发布methane/mien/n.甲烷；沼气carbon/kbn/n.碳dioxide/da

642、ksad/n.二氧化物carbon dioxide 二氧化碳habitable/hbtbl/adj.适合居住的sustain/ssten/vt.维持；遭受；承受住sustainable/sstenbl/adj.可持续的；合理利用的fossil/fsl/n.化石fuel/fjl/n.燃料；刺激性言行fossil fuel 化石燃料（如煤或石油）comprehensive/kmprhensv/adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的worldwide/wldwad/adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的trend/trend/n.趋势；趋向；动向frequently/frikwntli/adv.

643、频繁地；经常broadcast/brdkst/vt.&vi.（broadcast,broadcast）播送；广播；传播n.广播节目；电视节目policy/plsi/n.政策；方针；原则footprint/ftprnt/n.足迹；（某物所占的）空间量；面积 restrict/rstrkt/vt.限制；限定；束缚restriction/rstrkn/n.限制规定；限制法规；约束seize/siz/vt.抓住；夺取；控制basin/besn/n.流域；盆地；盆penguin/pewn/n.企鹅 reform/rfm/vi.&vt.改革；（使）改正；改造n.改革；变革；改良undergo/nd/vt.

644、（underwent,undergone）经历；经受（变化、不快等）implement/mplmnt/vt.使生效；贯彻；执行harmonious/hmnis/adj.和谐的moderate/mdrt/adj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.&vt.缓和；使适中submit/sbmt/vt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服annual/njl/adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴tropical/trpkl/adj.热带的；来自热带的chaos/kes/n.混乱；杂乱；紊乱108统编版on behalf/bhf/of 代表（代替）某人nuclear/njkli(r)/adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的se

645、nsitive/senstv/adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的jungle/dl/n.（热带）丛林；密林smog/sm/n.烟雾（烟与雾混合的空气污染物）originate/rdnet/vi.&vt.起源；发源；创立volume/vljm/n.量；体积；（成套书籍中的）一卷garbage/bd/n.垃圾；废物enterprise/entpraz/n.公司；企业；事业restore/rst(r)/vt.恢复；使复原；修复conservation/knsven/n.对（环境、文物等）保护；保持dozen/dzn/n.（一）打；十二个dozens of 许多；很多regulation/rejlen

646、/n.章程；规章制度disposal/dspzl/n.去掉；清除；处理inspection/nspekn/n.检查；查看；视察fine/fan/vt.对处以罚款campaign/kmpen/n.运动；战役vi.&vt.参加运动；领导运动waterway/wtwe/n.水道；航道tolerate/tlret/vt.忍受；包容；容许 agenda/dend/n.议程表；议事日程Norway/nwe/挪威（北欧国家）Svalbard/svlbrd/斯瓦尔巴群岛（挪威）Hurricane Katrina/ktrin/飓风卡特里娜Unit 4adversity/dvsti/n.困境；逆境wage/wed

647、/n.工资bitter/bt(r)/adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的expedition/ekspdn/n.探险；远征；探险队endurance/ndjrns/n.忍耐力；耐久力vigour(NAmE vigor)/v(r)/n.精力；力量；活力turn sb down 拒绝（某人）qualified/kwlfad/adj.符合资格；具备的知识（或技能、学历等）enthusiastic/njzistk/adj.热情的；热心的aboard/bd/adv.&prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）cupboard/kbd/n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜assign/san/vt.分派；布置；分配stewa

648、rd/stjd/n.（轮船、飞机或火车上的）乘务员；服务员envy/envi/n.&vt.羡慕；妒忌crush/kr/vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 n.拥挤的人群sink/sk/vi.（sank/sk/or snk/sk/,snk）沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没abandon/bndn/vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃stove/stv/n.炉具；厨房灶具blanket/blkt/n.毯子belongings/blz/n.pl.财物；动产banjo/bnd/n.班卓琴（乐器）miserable/mzrbl/adj.痛苦的；令人难受的voyage/vd/n.&vi.航海；航行navy/nevi/n.海军；

649、海军部队decent/disnt/adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的cosy/kzi/adj.温馨的；舒适的selfish/self/adj.自私的good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的genuine/denjn/adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的perseverance/psvrns/n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神persevere/psv(r)/vi.坚持；孜孜以求resolve/rzlv/vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）n.决心；坚定的信念resolution/rezln/n.决议；解决；坚定crew/kr/n.（轮船、飞机等上面的）全体工作人员；专业团队；

650、一群人cruel/krl/adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的thorough/r/adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的furniture/fnt(r)/n.家具unfortunately/nftntli/adv.不幸地；遗憾地fortunately/ftntli/adv.幸运地bark/bk/vi.&n.（狗）吠叫；吠叫声rugby/rbi/n.橄榄球运动bat/bt/n.球拍；蝙蝠 vi.&vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打damp/dmp/adj.潮湿的；湿气重的recreation/rekrien/n.娱乐；消遣；游戏109Words and Expressions in Each Unit统编版App

651、endicesguidance/adns/n.指导；引导；导航nephew/nefj/n.侄子；外甥advertising/dvtaz/n.广告活动；广告业advertise/dvtaz/vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告corporate/kprt/adj.公司的；法人的；社团的rough/rf/adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的navigator/nvet/n.领航员；（飞机、船舶等上的）航行者loyal/ll/adj.忠诚的；忠实的motor/mt(r)/n.发动机；马达adj.有引擎的；机动车的candidate/knddt/n.候选人；应试者make fire 生火give off 放出（

652、热、光、气味或气体）episode/epsd/n.（人生的）一段经历；（小说的）片段；插曲commitment/kmtmnt/n.承诺；保证；奉献motive/mtv/n.动机；原因；目的Confucianism/knfjnzm/n.孔子学说；儒家（学说）Ernest Shackleton/nst kltn/欧内斯特沙克尔顿（英国探险家）Perce Blackborow/ps blkbr/珀西布莱克博罗（“坚忍”号服务员）Antarctica/ntktk/南极洲the Antarctic/ntktk/南极地区the South Pole 南极South Georgia/dd/Island 南乔

653、治亚岛（南极洲）Frank Wild 弗兰克怀尔德 Thomas Orde-Lees/tms d liz/托马斯奥德利斯Frank Worsley/wsli/弗兰克沃斯利Tom Crean/krin/汤姆克林Hubert Hudson/hjbt hdsn/休伯特赫德森Lionel Greenstreet/lanl rinstrit/莱昂内尔格林斯特里特 Unit 5 drama/drm/n.戏；剧；戏剧艺术sorrow/sr/n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 vi.感到悲伤imagery/mdri/n.形象的描述；意象；像literary/ltrri/adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的rhym

654、e/ram/n.押韵词；押韵的短诗 vi.&vt.（使）押韵rhythm/rm/n.节奏；韵律；规律nursery/nsri/adj.幼儿教育的n.托儿所；保育室nursery rhyme 童谣；儿歌folk/fk/adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的mockingbird/mkbd/n.嘲鸫（美洲鸣禽，能模仿别种鸟的鸣叫）diamond/damnd/n.钻石；金刚石；菱形brass/brs/n.黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器billy goat/bli t/n.公山羊bull/bl/n.公牛recite/rsat/vt.背诵；吟诵；列举bee/bi/n.蜜蜂dewdrop/djdrp/n.露珠；水珠

655、dawn/dn/n.黎明；开端；萌芽clover/klv(r)/n.三叶草butterfly/btfla/n.蝴蝶lawn/ln/n.草坪，草地amateur/mt(r)/n.业余爱好者 adj.业余的；业余爱好的cinquain/sken/n.五行诗be made up of 由组成（构成）mood/md/n.情绪；心情；语气tease/tiz/vi.&vt.取笑（某人）；揶揄；逗弄haiku/hak/n.俳句syllable/slbl/n.音节format/fmt/n.格式；总体安排；（出版物的）版式 vt.格式化respectively/rspektvli/adv.分别；各自；依次为re

656、spective/rspektv/adj.分别的；各自的blossom/blsm/n.花朵；花簇delicate/delkt/adj.精美的；精致的；脆弱的await/wet/vt.等候；期待；将发生在revolve/rvlv/vi.旋转；环绕；转动utter/t(r)/vt.出声；说；讲 adj.完全的；十足的；彻底的comprehension/kmprhenn/n.理解力；领悟力；理解练习shelf/elf/n.（pl.shelves/elvz/）架子；搁板core/k/n.核心；精髓；（水果的）核儿110统编版cherry/teri/n.樱桃；樱桃树；樱桃色adj.樱桃色的；鲜红色的ch

657、erry blossom 樱花blank/blk/adj.空白的；无图画（或韵律、装饰）的；没表情的n.空白；空格verse/vs/n.诗；韵文；诗节civilian/svlin/n.平民；老百姓prose/prz/n.散文sympathetic/smpetk/adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的sympathy/smpi/n.同情；赞同version/vn/n.版本；（从不同角度的）说法innocence/nsns/n.天真；单纯；无罪innocent/nsnt/adj.天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的era/r/n.时代；年代；纪元correspondence/krspndns/n.来往信件；通

658、信联系correspond/krspnd/vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信sow/s/vt.&vi.（sowed,sown/sn/or sowed）播种；种seed/sid/n.种子；起源；萌芽dominant/dmnnt/adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的sonnet/snt/n.十四行诗deadline/dedlan/n.最后期限；截止日期contest/kntest/n.比赛；竞赛；竞争/kntest/vt.争取赢得（比赛、选举等）；争辩polish/pl/vt.修改；润色；抛光 n.上光剂；抛光；擦亮string/str/n.细绳；线；一串vt.（strung/str/,strung

659、）悬挂；系adj.弦乐器的；线织的wherever/werev(r)/conj.在任何地方；在所有的情况下adv.（用于问句）究竟在（到）哪里barren/brn/adj.贫瘠的；不结果实的grief/rif/n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事complicated/kmplketd/adj.复杂的；难懂的variation/verien/n.变化；变体；变奏曲；racial/rel/adj.种族的；人种的prejudice/predds/n.偏见；成见vt.使怀有（或形成）偏见Shakespeare/eksp/莎士比亚（英国剧作家、诗人）The Crescent/kresnt/Moon 新月集Tagor

660、e/t/泰戈尔（印度诗人、文学家）Elizabeth Barrett Browning/lzb brt bran/伊丽莎白巴雷特布朗宁（英国诗人）Robert Browning 罗伯特布朗宁（英国诗人）the Victorian/vktrin/era 维多利亚时代Sonnets from the Portuguese/ptiz/葡萄牙人的十四行诗集Langston Hughes/lstn hjz/兰斯顿休斯111Words and Expressions in Each Unit统编版Appendicesbat/bt/n.球拍；蝙蝠 vi.&vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打(4)be made u

661、p of 由组成（构成）(5)beard/bd/n.胡须；络腮胡子(2)bee/bi/n.蜜蜂(5)belongings/blz/n.pl.财物；动产(4)billy goat/bli t/n.公山羊(5)bitter/bt(r)/adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的(4)blank/blk/adj.空白的；无图画（或韵律、装饰）的；没表情的n.空白；空格(5)blanket/blkt/n.毯子(4)blossom/blsm/n.花朵；花簇(5)bowling/bl/n.保龄球运动(2)brass/brs/n.黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器(5)breakthrough/brekr/n.重大进展；

662、突破(1)bride/brad/n.新娘(1)bring to life 赋予生命；使鲜活起来(1)broadcast/brdkst/vt.&vi.（broadcast,broadcast）播送；广播；传播 n.广播节目；电视节目(3)bronze/brnz/n.青铜；深红褐色adj.青铜色的；深红褐色的(1)Buddhism/bdzm/n.佛教(1)Buddhist/bdst/adj.佛教的n.佛教徒(1)bull/bl/n.公牛(5)butterfly/btfla/n.蝴蝶(5)Ccampaign/kmpen/n.运动；战役(3)vi.&vt.参加运动；领导运动candidate/kndd

663、t/n.候选人；应试者(4)carbon/kbn/n.碳(3)Vocabulary 词汇表注：黑体部分为课标词和短语；白体部分为非课标词；带符号的词汇为专有名词。Aabandon/bndn/vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃(4)aboard/bd/adv.&prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）(4)absorb/bsb/vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收(2)abuse/bjs/n.滥用；虐待；辱骂/bjz/vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂(2)adversity/dvsti/n.困境；逆境(4)advertise/dvtaz/vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告(4)advertising/dvtaz/n.广告活动；广告业

664、(4)agenda/dend/n.议程表；议事日程(3)alcohol/lkhl/n.酒；酒精(2)amateur/mt(r)/n.业余爱好者 adj.业余的；业余爱好的(5)animation/nmen/n.（电脑、录像）动画制作；动画片(1)annual/njl/adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴(3)Antarctica/ntktk/南极洲(4)arch/t/vt.&vi.呈弧形横跨；（使）成弓形 n.拱；拱形结构；拱门(1)arched/tt/adj.拱形的；弓形的(1)Aristotle/rsttl/亚里士多德（古希腊哲学家）(1)artistic/tstk/adj.艺术的；艺术家

665、的(1)assign/san/vt.分派；布置；分配(4)await/wet/vt.等候；期待；将发生在(5)Bbanjo/bnd/n.班卓琴（乐器）(4)bark/bk/vi.&n.（狗）吠叫；吠叫声(4)barren/brn/adj.贫瘠的；不结果实的(5)basin/besn/n.流域；盆地；盆(3)112统编版carbon dioxide 二氧化碳(3)ceramic/srmk/n.陶瓷制品；制陶艺术(1)chaos/kes/n.混乱；杂乱；紊乱(3)cherry/teri/n.樱桃；樱桃树；樱桃色adj.樱桃色的；鲜红色的(5)cherry blossom 樱花(5)Christia

666、nity/krstinti/n.基督教(1)cigarette/sret/n.香烟；卷烟(2)cinquain/sken/n.五行诗(5)civil/svl/adj.国民的；民用的；民事的(1)civilian/svlin/n.平民；老百姓(5)Claude Monet/kld mne/克劳德莫奈（法国印象派画家）(1)Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass 函关雪霁图（明代画家唐寅画作）(1)client/klant/n.委托人；当事人；客户(1)clover/klv(r)/n.三叶草(5)comedy/kmdi/n.喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目(2)comm

667、itment/kmtmnt/n.承诺；保证；奉献(4)complicated/kmplketd/adj.复杂的；难懂的(5)compose/kmpz/vt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写(2)be composed of 由组成（或构成）的(2)comprehension/kmprhenn/n.理解力；领悟力；理解练习(5)comprehensive/kmprhensv/adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的(3)Confucianism/knfjnzm/n.孔子学说；儒家（学说）(4)conservation/knsven/n.对（环境、文物等）保护；保持(3)consultant/knsltnt/n.顾

668、问；高级顾问医师(2)contemporary/kntemprri/adj.当代的；现代的；属同时期的n.同代人；同辈人(1)contest/kntest/n.比赛；竞赛；竞争/kntest/vt.争取赢得（比赛、选举等）；争辩 (5)convey/knve/vt.表达；传递（思想、感情等）；传送(1)core/k/n.核心；精髓；（水果的）核儿(5)corporate/kprt/adj.公司的；法人的；社团的(4)correspond/krspnd/vi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信 (5)correspondence/krspndns/n.来往信件；通信联系(5)cosy/kzi/adj.温

669、馨的；舒适的(4)crew/kr/n.（轮船、飞机等上面的）全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人(4)criticise(NAmE-ize)/krtsaz/vi.&vt.批评；指责；评价(1)criticism/krtszm/n.批评；指责；评论(1)cruel/krl/adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的(4)crush/kr/vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 n.拥挤的人群(4)Cubism/kjbzm/立体主义；立体派(1)cue/kj/n.提示；暗示；信号vt.给（某人）暗示（或提示）(2)cupboard/kbd/n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜(4)Ddamp/dmp/adj.潮湿的；湿气重的(4)dawn/dn/

670、n.黎明；开端；萌芽(5)deadline/dedlan/n.最后期限；截止日期(5)decent/disnt/adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的(4)decide on 决定；选定(2)decline/dklan/n.（数量、价格、质量等的）减少；下降；衰落vi.&vt.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝(1)delete/dlit/v.删去；删除(2)delicate/delkt/adj.精美的；精致的；脆弱的(5)dentist/dentst/n.牙科医生(2)dewdrop/djdrp/n.露珠；水珠(5)diamond/damnd/n.钻石；金刚石；菱形(5)dimension/damenn/n

671、.维；规模；范围(1)two-dimensional/t damennl/adj.二维的(1)dioxide/daksad/n.二氧化物(3)discipline/dspln/n.自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚(2)disposal/dspzl/n.去掉；清除；处理(3)disturb/dstb/vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼(2)dizzy/dzi/adj.头晕目眩的(2)dominate/dmnet/vt.&vi.支配；控制；占有优势(2)dominant/dmnnt/adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的(5)dozen/dzn/n.（一）打；十二个(3)113Vocabular

672、y统编版Appendicesdozens of 许多；很多(3)drama/drm/n.戏；剧；戏剧艺术(5)drug/dr/n.毒品；药物(2)dynamic/danmk/adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的(2)Eecology/ikldi/n.生态；生态学(3)Elizabeth Barrett Browning/lzb brt bran/伊丽莎白巴雷特布朗宁（英国诗人）(5)emerge/md/vi.&vt.出现；浮现；暴露(1)emission/imn/n.排放物；散发物；排放(3)endurance/ndjrns/n.忍耐力；耐久力(4)enhance/nhns;NAmE-hns

673、/vt.提高；增强；增进(2)enterprise/entpraz/n.公司；企业；事业(3)enthusiastic/njzistk/adj.热情的；热心的(4)entry/entri/n.加入；进入；参与(1)envy/envi/n.&vt.羡慕；妒忌(4)episode/epsd/n.（人生的）一段经历；（小说的）片段；插曲(4)era/r/n.时代；年代；纪元(5)Ernest Shackleton/nst kltn/欧内斯特沙克尔顿（英国探险家）(4)escalator/esklet(r)/n.自动扶梯；滚梯(2)examine/zmn/vt.（仔细）检查；审查；测验(2)exhib

674、ition/eksbn/n.展览；（技能、感情或行为的）表演(1)expansion/kspnn/n.扩张；扩展；扩大(1)expedition/ekspdn/n.探险；远征；探险队(4)Ffacilitate/fsltet/vt.促进；促使；使便利(2)Feeling from Mountain and Water 山水情(1)fine/fan/vt.对处以罚款(3)fine art(also fine arts)美术（尤其绘画和雕塑）(1)flu/fl/n.流感(2)folk/fk/adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的(5)fond/fnd/adj.喜爱(1)be fond of 喜爱；喜欢

675、(1)footprint/ftprnt/n.足迹；（某物所占的）空间量；面积(3)format/fmt/n.格式；总体安排；（出版物的）版式 vt.格式化(5)fortunately/ftntli/adv.幸运地(4)unfortunately/nftntli/adv.不幸地；遗憾地(4)fossil/fsl/n.化石(3)fossil fuel 化石燃料（如煤或石油）(3)frame/frem/n.画面；框架vt.给镶框；陷害(1)Frank Wild弗兰克怀尔德 (4)Frank Worsley/wsli/弗兰克沃斯利(4)frequently/frikwntli/adv.频繁地；经常(3

676、)fuel/fjl/n.燃料；刺激性言行(3)furniture/fnt(r)/n.家具(4)Ggarbage/bd/n.垃圾；废物(3)genuine/denjn/adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的(4)Giotto di Bondone/dt d bndne/乔托迪邦多纳（意大利画家、雕刻家、建筑师）(1)give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体）(4)Giverny/dveni/吉维尼（法国小镇）(1)good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的(4)graph/rf/n.图；图表；曲线图(3)grief/rif/n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事(5)guarantee/rnti/v

677、t.保证；确保；肯定必然发生n.保证；保修单；担保物(1)guidance/adns/n.指导；引导；导航(4)Hhabitable/hbtbl/adj.适合居住的(3)haiku/hak/n.俳句(5)harmonious/hmnis/adj.和谐的(3)Hubert Hudson/hjbt hdsn/休伯特赫德森(4)humanistic/hjmnstk/adj.人文主义的(1)humanity/hjmnti/n.人性；人道；（统称）人类(1)humble/hmbl/adj.谦逊的；虚心的；卑微的(1)Hurricane Katrina/ktrin/飓风卡特里娜(3)114统编版Iimag

678、ery/mdri/n.形象的描述；意象；像(5)implement/mplmnt/vt.使生效；贯彻；执行(3)Impressionism/mprenzm/n.印象主义；印象派（绘画风格）(1)in particular 尤其；特别(1)in response to 回答；答复(2)influential/nfluenl/adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的(1)ink/k/n.墨水；墨汁；油墨(1)innocence/nsns/n.天真；单纯；无罪(5)innocent/nsnt/adj.天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的(5)inspection/nspekn/n.检查；查看；视察(3)inves

679、tment/nvestmnt/n.投资额；投资；（时间、精力的）投入(1)Jjungle/dl/n.（热带）丛林；密林(3)LLangston Hughes/lstn hjuz/兰斯顿休斯(5)Lao Zi 老子（中国古代哲学家）(2)lawn/ln/n.草坪，草地(5)Leonardo da Vinci/lind d vnt/莱昂纳多达芬奇（意大利艺术家、学者、发明家）(1)liberation/lbren/n.解放；摆脱(2)Lionel Greenstreet/lanl rinstrit/莱昂内尔格林斯特里特(4)literary/ltrri/adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的

680、(5)loyal/ll/adj.忠诚的；忠实的(4)Mmake fire 生火(4)make up ones mind 下定决心(2)Masaccio/mst/马萨乔（意大利现实主义画家）(1)melt/melt/vi.&vt.（使）融化；熔化；软化(3)memorial/mmril/n.纪念碑（或像等）；纪念物；纪念品adj.纪念的；悼念的(1)methane/mien/n.甲烷；沼气(3)Michelangelo/maklndl/米开朗琪罗（意大利雕塑家、画家、建筑师、诗人）(1)miserable/mzrbl/adj.痛苦的；令人难受的(4)mockingbird/mkbd/n.嘲鸫（美

681、洲鸣禽，能模仿别种鸟的鸣叫）(5)moderate/mdrt/adj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.&vt.缓和；使适中(3)monthly/mnli/adv.&adj.每月；每月一次的n.月刊(2)mood/mud/n.情绪；心情；语气(5)motive/mtv/n.动机；原因；目的(4)motor/mt(r)/n.发动机；马达adj.有引擎的；机动车的(4)mythology/mldi/n.神话；虚幻的想法(1)Nnavigator/nvet/n.领航员；（飞机、船舶等上的）航行者(4)navy/nevi/n.海军；海军部队(4)negative/netv/adj.消极的；有害的；否定的(2

682、)nephew/nefju/n.侄子；外甥(4)noble/nbl/n.贵族成员；出身高贵的人adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的(1)Norway/nwe/挪威（北欧国家）(3)nuclear/njukli(r)/adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的(3)nursery/nsri/adj.幼儿教育的n.托儿所；保育室(5)nursery rhyme 童谣；儿歌(5)nut/nt/n.坚果(2)Oon behalf/bhf/of 代表（代替）某人(3)originate/rdnet/vi.&vt.起源；发源；创立(3)outer/at(r)/adj.外表的；外边的；外围的(1)115Vocabular

683、y统编版AppendicesPpenguin/pewn/n.企鹅(3)Peoples Liberation Army(PLA)中国人民解放军(2)Perce Blackborow/ps blkbr/珀西布莱克博罗（“坚忍”号服务员）(4)permanent/pmnnt/adj.永久的；永恒的；长久的(1)perseverance/psvrns/n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神(4)persevere/psv(r)/vi.坚持；孜孜以求(4)pessimistic/pesmstk/adj.悲观的；悲观主义的(2)photography/ftrfi/n.照相术；摄影(1)physical/fzkl/

684、adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的(2)Picasso/pks/毕加索（西班牙画家、雕塑家）(1)pill/pl/n.药丸；药片(2)policy/plsi/n.政策；方针；原则(3)polish/pl/vt.修改；润色；抛光 n.上光剂；抛光；擦亮(5)pond/pnd/n.池塘；水池(1)precise/prsas/adj.准确的；精确的(1)precisely/prsasli/adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此(1)prejudice/predds/n.偏见；成见vt.使怀有（或形成）偏见(5)primitive/prmtv/adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的n.文艺复兴前的艺术家（或

685、作品）(1)prose/prz/n.散文(5)psychology/sakldi/n.心理学；心理；心理影响(2)purchase/pts/vt.购买；采购 n.购买；购买的东西(1)Qqualified/kwlfad/adj.符合资格；具备的知识（或技能、学历等）(4)Rracial/rel/adj.种族的；人种的(5)rank/rk/n.地位；级别；行列 vt.&vi.把分等级；使排成行(1)Raphael/rfel/拉斐尔（意大利画家）(1)realistic/rilstk/adj.现实的；逼真的(1)realism/rilzm/n.逼真；现实主义；务实作风(1)realist/rils

686、t/n.现实主义艺术家（或作家等）；现实主义者(1)recite/rsat/vt.背诵；吟诵；列举(5)recognition/reknn/n.承认；认出；赞誉(1)recreation/rekrien/n.娱乐；消遣；游戏(4)reform/rfm/vi.&vt.改革；（使）改正；改造n.改革；变革；改良(3)refresh/rfre/vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新(2)regulation/rejlen/n.章程；规章制度(3)release/rlis/vt.&n.排放；释放；发布(3)rely/rla/vi.依赖；依靠；信赖(2)rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖(2)Rembrandt/

687、rembrnt/伦勃朗（荷兰画家）(1)Renoir/renw/雷诺阿（法国印象派画家）(1)repeatedly/rpitdli/adv.重复地(2)representative/reprzenttv/adj.典型的；有代表性的n.代表(1)reputation/repjten/n.名誉；名声(1)resolve/rzlv/vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）n.决心；坚定的信念(4)resolution/rezln/n.决议；解决；坚定(4)respective/rspektv/adj.分别的；各自的(5)respectively/rspektvli/adv.分别；各自；依次为(5

688、)restore/rst(r)/vt.恢复；使复原；修复(3)restrict/rstrkt/vt.限制；限定；束缚(3)restriction/rstrkn/n.限制规定；限制法规；约束(3)revolve/rvlv/vi.旋转；环绕；转动(5)reward/rwd/n.回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬(2)rhyme/ram/n.押韵词；押韵的短诗 vi.&vt.（使）押韵(5)rhythm/rm/n.节奏；韵律；规律(5)Robert Browning罗伯特布朗宁（英国诗人）(5)116统编版rough/rf/adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的(4)rugby/rbi/n.橄榄球

689、运动(4)Ssculpture/sklpt(r)/n.雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术(1)sculptor/sklpt(r)/n.雕刻家；雕塑家(1)seal/sil/n.海豹(3)seed/sid/n.种子；起源；萌芽(5)seize/siz/vt.抓住；夺取；控制(3)selfish/self/adj.自私的(4)sensitive/senstv/adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的(3)set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于(1)Shakespeare/eksp/莎士比亚（英国剧作家、诗人）(5)shave/ev/vi.,vt.&n.剃（须发）；刮脸(2)shave off 剃掉；刮

690、去(2)shelf/elf/n.（pl.shelves/elvz/）架子；搁板(5)sink/sk/vi.（sank/sk/or snk/sk/,snk）沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没(4)skateboard/sketbd/n.滑板vi.滑滑板(2)skip/skp/vt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳n.蹦跳(2)smog/sm/n.烟雾（烟与雾混合的空气污染物）(3)sonnet/snt/n.十四行诗(5)Sonnets from the Portuguese/ptiz/葡萄牙人的十四行诗集(5)sorrow/sr/n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 vi.感到悲伤(5)Sou

691、th Georgia/dd/Island 南乔治亚岛（南极洲）(4)sow/s/vt.&vi.（sowed,sown/sn/or sowed）播种；种(5)specialist/spelst/n.专科医生；专家(2)starve/stv/vi.&vt.（使）挨饿；饿死(3)steward/stjd/n.（轮船、飞机或火车上的）乘务员；服务员(4)stimulate/stmjlet/vt.激发；促进；刺激(2)stove/stv/n.炉具；厨房灶具(4)straight away 立即；马上(2)stressed out 焦虑不安；心力交瘁(2)string/str/n.细绳；线；一串vt.（s

692、trung/str/,strung）悬挂；系adj.弦乐器的；线织的(5)subjective/sbdektv/adj.主观的(1)submit/sbmt/vt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服(3)subsequent/sbskwnt/adj.随后的；后来的；之后的(1)sugary/ri/adj.含糖的；甜的(2)sunrise/snraz/n.日出(1)surgeon/sdn/n.外科医生(2)surgery/sdri/n.外科手术；外科学(2)sustain/ssten/vt.维持；遭受；承受住(3)sustainable/sstenbl/adj.可持续的；合理利用的(3)Svalbard/s

693、vlbrd/斯瓦尔巴群岛（挪威）(3)syllable/slbl/n.音节(5)sympathy/smpi/n.同情；赞同(5)sympathetic/smpetk/adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的(5)symphony/smfni/n.交响乐；交响曲(1)TTadpoles/tdpls/Searching for Mother 小蝌蚪找妈妈(1)Tagore/t/泰戈尔（印度诗人、文学家）(5)tease/tiz/vi.&vt.取笑（某人）；揶揄；逗弄(5)the Antarctic/ntktk/南极地区(4)The Cowboys Flute/flt/牧笛(1)The Crescent/

694、kresnt/Moon 新月集(5)The Middle Ages 中世纪(1)the Renaissance/rnesns;NAmE rensns/文艺复兴（时期）(1)the South Pole 南极(4)the Victorian/vktrin/era 维多利亚时代(5)Thomas Orde-Lees/tms d liz/托马斯奥德利斯(4)thorough/r/adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的(4)tobacco/tbk/n.烟草；烟叶(2)tolerate/tlret/vt.忍受；包容；容许(3)Tom Crean/krin/汤姆克林(4)trend/trend/n.趋势；趋向；动

695、向(3)tropical/trpkl/adj.热带的；来自热带的 (3)turn sb down 拒绝（某人）(4)117Vocabulary统编版AppendicesUundergo/nd/vt.（underwent,undergone）经历；经受（变化、不快等）(3)utter/t(r)/vt.出声；说；讲 adj.完全的；十足的；彻底的(5)Vvariation/verien/n.变化；变体；变奏曲(5)vase/vz;NAmE ves;vez/n.花瓶；装饰瓶(1)verse/vs/n.诗；韵文；诗节(5)version/vn/n.版本；（从不同角度的）说法(5)vigour(NAmE

696、 vigor)/v(r)/n.精力；力量；活力(4)visual/vl/adj.视觉的；视力的(1)volume/vljm/n.量；体积；（成套书籍中的）一卷(3)voyage/vd/n.&vi.航海；航行(4)Wwage/wed/n.工资(4)water lily/lli/n.睡莲(1)waterway/wtwe/n.水道；航道(3)wherever/werev(r)/conj.在任何地方；在所有的情况下adv.（用于问句）究竟在（到）哪里(5)worldwide/wldwad/adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的(3)worn out 筋疲力尽的；疲惫的(2)worthy/w

697、i/adj.值得的；有价值的(1)be worthy of 值得(1)118统编版Irregular Verbs 不规则动词VerbPast tensePast participlearisearosearisenbe(am,is,are)was,werebeenbear bore born,bornebeat beat beatenbecome became becomebegin beganbegunbendbentbentbetbetbetbitebitbittenbleedbledbledblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought br

698、oughtbroadcastbroadcastbroadcastbuild built builtburn burnt/burned burnt/burnedbuy bought boughtcastcastcastcatch caught caughtchoose chose chosencome came comecost cost costcut cut cutdeal dealt dealtdig dug dugdo(does)did donedraw drew drawndream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreameddrink drank drunkdrive

699、 drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeed fed fedVerbPast tensePast participlefeel feltfeltfight fought foughtfind found foundfleefledfledfly flew flownforgetforgot forgottenforgiveforgaveforgivenfreezefrozefrozenget got got/gottengive gave givengo went gonegrow grew grownhang(悬挂)hung hunghave(

700、has)had hadhear heard heardhide hid hiddenhit hithithold held heldhurthurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew knownlay laidlaidlead led ledleanleant/leanedleant/leanedleap leapt/leapedleapt/leapedlearn learnt/learnedlearnt/learnedleaveleft leftlendlent lentletletletlie(躺)lay lainlight lit/lighted lit/light

701、edlose lost lostmake made made119Irregular Verbs统编版AppendicesVerbPast tensePast participlemean meant meantmeet met metmistake mistook mistakenoutputoutputoutputovercome overcame overcomeoversleep overslept oversleptpay paid paidputput putquitquit/quittedquit/quitted read/rid/read/red/read/red/ride r

702、ode riddenring rang rungriserose risenrunran runsaysaid saidseesaw seenseeksoughtsoughtsellsold soldsendsent sentsetset setshakeshookshakenshineshone shoneshootshot shotshowshowed shownshut shut shutsingsang sungsitsat satsleepsleptsleptslide slidslidVerbPast tensePast participlesmell smelt/smelleds

703、melt/smelledsowsowedsown/sowedspeak spoke spokenspeed sped/speeded sped/speededspell spelt/spelled spelt/spelledspend spent spentspillspilt/spilledspilt/spilledspread spread spreadstand stood stoodsteal stole stolenstick stuckstuck strikestruckstruck/strickenstringstrungstrungsweepsweptsweptswellswe

704、lledswollen/swelledswim swamswumswingswungswungtake took takenteach taught taughttell toldtoldthink thought thoughtthrow threw thrownundergounderwentundergoneunderstandunderstood understoodupsetupsetupsetwake woke wokenwearwore wornwin won wonwrite wrote written120统编版后 记本册教科书是人民教育出版社课程教材研究所英语课程教材研究开

705、发中心与美国圣智学习集团合作，依据教育部普通高中英语课程标准（2017 年版）编写的，经国家教材委员会 2019 年审查通过。本册教科书的编写，集中反映了我国十余年来普通高中课程改革的成果，吸取了2004 年版普通高中课程标准实验教科书 英语的编写经验，凝聚了参与课改实验的教育专家、学科专家、教材编写专家、教研人员和一线教师，以及教材设计装帧专家的集体智慧。本册教科书的执笔者还有 Jacqueline Eu、Sarah H.Miller、Karina Thorne、Rayne Ngoi、游晓霞、陈力、马晓蕾、邱玲、刘娟、李季、沈玉荣。为本册书提供整体设计的是吕旻、胡白珂，绘制插图的是姜吉维。我

706、们感谢 2004 年版普通高中课程标准实验教科书 英语的副主编龚亚夫和编写人员 Dodie Brooks、Maggie Aldhamland、Joanna Karmel、曹洁等。我们感谢所有对教科书的编写、出版、试教等提供过帮助与支持的同仁和社会各界朋友。本册教科书出版之前，我们通过多种渠道与教科书选用作品（包括照片、画作）的作者进行了联系，得到了他们的大力支持。对此，我们表示衷心的感谢！我们真诚地希望广大教师、学生及家长在使用本册教科书的过程中提出宝贵意见。我们将集思广益，不断修订，使教科书趋于完善。联系方式电话：010-58758866电子邮箱：人民教育出版社 课程教材研究所英 语 课 程 教 材 研 究 开 发 中 心2019 年 4 月统编版谨向为本书提供照片的单位和人士致谢东方IC图片网（P3两张图，P10一张图，P26一张图，P37一张图，P42一张图，P44一张图，P53一张图）；全景网（P13一张图）。统编版选择性必修第三册普通高中教科书英语选择性必修第三册英语YINGYUPUTONG GAOZHONG JIAOKESHU绿 色 印 刷 产 品 绿 色 印 刷 产 品 定价：元人教教材封面 高中英语 选择性必修3 1人教教材封面 高中英语 选择性必修3 12020/8/18 下午3:142020/8/18 下午3:14统编版