2022版新教材高中英语 UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking基础训练（含解析）新人教版选择性必修第三册.docx

1、Reading and Thinking. 单句语法填空1.I make a list of books I will read and the assignment（s）（assign） I will do.2.She packed her few belongings （belong） in a bag and left.3.The reforms owe a great deal to the resolution （resolve） of one man.4.At the sight of the cruelty （cruel）, he could scarcely contain h

2、is anger.5. Unfortunately （unfortunate）, due to unforeseen circumstances, this years show has been cancelled.6.One of the easiest ways to save money on college application （apply） fees before you begin applying is to narrow down your list of schools. 同义替换abandon; genuine; cosy; turn down; decent; be

3、 enthusiastic about1.The living room was warm and comfortable. cosy 2.We need laws that will protect real refugees. genuine 3.There are a few respectable players in the team. decent 4.They are interested in this project. are enthusiastic about 5.He gave the order to leave the ship because it was sin

4、king. abandon 6.Im not going to refuse an invitation to go to New York! turn down . 完成句子1.碰巧那封信还没有被寄走。（happen） It happened that the letter hadnt got posted.2.多谢了！要是没有你及时的指导, 我不可能在这么短的时间里完成这个艰巨的任务。（虚拟语气）Thanks a lot! Without your timely guidance, I couldnt have finished the tough task in such a short

5、 time . 3.我们中多数人克服了重重困难, 最终爬上了山顶。（make it）Most of us overcame many difficulties and finally made it to the top of the mountain .素养综合练. 阅读理解（2020山东泰安期末）As I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him. His team was facing adversi

6、ty on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment-it was the competitors home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathans team was trailing for three quarters of the game. As for me, I had been fired from my job earlier in the day.During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would

7、find work again in a short time-I am confident about my experience and abilities. This is the same belief as I tried to teach my son. The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathans team still trailing. I saw the determination on his, as well as his teammates faces as they fought back no

8、t only to tie with the other team, but then go ahead by three points. Then, a player from the other team made an unbelievable shot to tie the score again. With the game in a tie and few seconds on the clock, Nathan found himself with the ball and with skills and confidence. He proceeded to make a ba

9、sket with a defender hanging all over him. The defender was warned for a foul(犯规).As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would make his team three points ahead, I saw the determination on his face. His team managed to stop the other team from scoring, winning the game and moving

10、on to the finals.As I sat there, my heart burst with pride. I had taught him perseverance in the face of adversity, and he had just taught me the same lesson. That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court. He will play in

11、 the finals, and it doesnt matter if he wins or loses. At this moment, we both won.1.We can learn from the text that .A.I lost my job for lack of experience and abilitiesB.Nathans team won a narrow victory in the basketball gameC.I was proud of Nathan because he won the game in the finalsD.Nathan ha

12、d never doubted himself whenever he was in trouble2.What does the underlined word “trailing” in the first paragraph probably mean?A.Losing.B.Falling behind.C.Being defeated.D.Winning.3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.My son would win in the finals and I would find a job soon.B.I had once

13、 taught my son face to face that we should never give up.C.It was my encouragement and help that made my son win the game.D.I would become more confident about my future after this experience.4.What is the best title for the text?A.An Inspiring GameB.A Moment of Self-DoubtC.A Lesson from My SonD.An

14、Unforgettable Experience答案：1.B 解析：1.语篇解读 本文讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛过程中, 看到儿子所在的球队在比赛临近尾声并处于劣势的情况下, 依然满怀信心、坚持不懈, 最后获得了胜利。这番情景让刚刚失业正处于沮丧不自信中的作者消除了自我怀疑, 重新燃起了生活的斗志。【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据文章第三段的With the game in a tie and few seconds on the clock, Nathan found himself with the ball and with skills and confidence. 和第四

15、段的His team managed to stop the other team from scoring, winning the game and moving on to the finals. 可推测, 作者儿子所在的队在比赛最后以微弱的优势获得了胜利。B. Nathans team won a narrow victory in the basketball game(Nathan所在的队在篮球比赛中险胜)符合文意, 故选B项。答案：2.B 解析：2.【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据画线词所在句子中的Nathans team was trailing for three q

16、uarters of the game以及he was playing in a hostile environment可知他的队正面临困境, 比赛有四分之三的时间处于“trailing”。结合句意, 尤其是hostile推测画线词的意思是落后。故选B项。答案：3.D 解析：3.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】由最后一段That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court. （我儿子在篮球场上的行

17、为使我短暂的自我怀疑和为自己感到难过的那一刻烟消云散。）可以看出, 儿子比赛过程中面对困境依然坚持不懈的态度和行为, 使得作者也不再自怨自艾、怀疑自我, 对于未来更加充满了自信。D. I would become more confident about my future after this experience. （这次经历后我会对自己的未来更自信）符合文意, 故选D项。答案：4.C 解析：4.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】作者因为被解雇而心情沮丧, 从而怀疑自我。观看儿子比赛后, 作者改变了态度。从文章最后一段I had taught him perseverance in th

18、e face of adversity, and he had just taught me the same lesson. （我教他在逆境中坚持, 他也教了我同样的道理。）可知, C. A Lesson from My Son （来自儿子的一课）可以作为本文标题, 故选C项。深度解析词汇积累1. hostile adj.敌对的; 怀有敌意的 2. tie n. 平局; 得分相同 3. proceed v. 接着做. 完形填空（2020 山西太原高二上期末考试）The LEGO story started in a Danish woodworking shop. At the time,

19、Ole Kirk Christiansen was just a （n） 1 carpenter in the village Billund but with ambition. As a young man, Christiansen turned his love of playing with wood into 2 and, in 1916, he opened his own shop.At first, his shop produced furniture like ladders, stools and ironing boards. But in 1924, just as

20、 he was looking to expand his business, his sons 3 set a pile of wood chips in the shop on fire, 4 the entire building and the familys home.Despite a total 5 , Christiansen saw the fire as an excuse to simply 6 a larger workshop. 7 , tragedy continued to strike. In 1929, the Great Depression hit the

21、 world, and his wife died in 1932. Affected by financial and 8 disasters, Christiansen laid off many of his workers and 9 to make ends meet. Little did he know that those tragedies would be of importance for his business to 10 .Since times were so hard, Christiansen made the difficult decision to us

22、e his wood to create 11 goods that might actually sell. The decision didnt 12 at first. But his love of toys pushed the company ahead, even when it was 13 the toughest times. It 14 that he was a brilliant toy-maker. Soon, his wonderful models of cars and animals and his adorable pull toys gained nat

23、ional popularity. His bestseller, a wooden duck whose mouth opens and closes when pulled, is now still a hot 15 . In 1949, his company created its plastic bricks called the Automatic Binding Bricks. And the toy became more and more popular as the years passed.1.A.ordinaryB.differentC.eagerD.skillful

24、2.A.preferenceB.gratitudeC.fortuneD.business3.A.anxiouslyB.nervouslyC.blindlyD.accidentally4.A.protectingB.abandoningC.destroyingD.repeating5.A.successB.lossC.painD.failure6.A.designB.drawC.removeD.build7.A.HoweverB.ThusC.BesidesD.Anyway8.A.naturalB.historicalC.personalD.artificial9.A.plannedB.strug

25、gledC.happenedD.promised10.A.quitB.recoverC.failD.advertise11.A.inconvenientB.unpopularC.pricelessD.inexpensive12.A.show offB.give offC.pay offD.take off13.A.going throughB.going intoC.getting throughD.getting over14.A.broke outB.carried outC.turned outD.figured out15.A.choiceB.findingC.hitD.propert

26、y答案：1.A 解析：1.语篇解读 本文为记叙文, 讲述了乐高公司创始人的经历。他虽然多次遭受挫折, 但仍不言败, 最终取得了成功。此处表达：在那时, Ole Kirk Christiansen 仅仅是Billund的一个普通木匠。联系语境并根据“but with ambition”可知, Christiansen 虽然平凡, 却有着远大志向。故选A。答案：2.D 解析：2. 根据空后的“he opened his own shop”可知, Christiansen 开了自己的店, 即他把自己的爱好转变成了生意, 下文中的“expand his business” 也是信息提示, 故选D。答案

27、：3.D 解析：3.结合语境并由上文中的But可知, 他的儿子们不小心把店里的一堆木屑点着了, 焚毁了整栋楼, 也毁掉了他们的家。accidentally意外地, 偶然地, 符合语境, 故选D。答案：4.C 解析：4.参见上题解析。destroy毁灭, 破坏, 摧毁。答案：5.B 解析：5.句意：尽管一切全都毁了, 但Christiansen把这场火灾当作修建一个更大的作坊的理由。loss丧失, 亏损, 损失, 在此处指代上文中提到的火灾毁掉的一切, 故选B。答案：6.D 解析：6.结合语境和常识可知, 火灾烧毁一切后需要重新修建。故选D。答案：7.A 解析：7.联系上下文可知, 该句与前一句

28、为转折关系, 故However符合文意。答案：8.C 解析：8.联系语境可知, 此处指受到经济灾难和个人不幸的影响。“个人不幸”指的是上文中提到的“his wife died”。故选C。答案：9.B 解析：9.联系语境可知, 受到经济大萧条和妻子去世的影响, Christiansen 解雇了很多工人, 努力维持生计。struggle奋斗, 努力, 符合语境, 故选B。答案：10.B 解析：10.根据下文可知, 他的事业大获成功, 故此处指这些不幸对他恢复生意很重要。recover恢复, 符合语境, 故选B。答案：11.D 解析：11.此处指他做了一个艰难的决定：做一些可能会卖出去的便宜商品。故

29、选D。答案：12.C 解析：12.根据下一句的But可知, 起初这个决定并没有取得成功。pay off成功, 奏效, 达到目的。故选C。答案：13.A 解析：13.句意：但是即使是在公司最艰难的时期, 他对玩具的热爱推动着公司前进。go through经历, 遭受, 符合语境, 故选A。答案：14.C 解析：14.根据下一句内容可知, 他的玩具受到广泛欢迎。由此可推断, 此处讲的是结果证明他是一个才华横溢的玩具制造者。turn out原来是, 证明是, 结果是。故选C。答案：15.C 解析：15.联系语境可知, 此处讲的是他的一款畅销玩具到目前仍然受欢迎。hit很受欢迎的人（或事物）, 符合语

30、境, 故选C。深度解析词汇积累1. ambition n. 野心; 雄心; 志向; 抱负 2. tragedy n. 悲剧; 不幸 3. make ends meet使收支相抵; 勉强维持生计 4. brilliant adj. 明亮的; 聪颖的; 杰出的 5. adorable adj. 可爱的; 讨人喜爱的. 语法填空（2020江西赣州检测）This morning, a bus was running in the street. On it 1 （be） those going to work. Suddenly, a car rushed from the road nearby;

31、2 bus came to an emergency halt（停止）. It was a car for taking photographs of the wedding, 3 （follow） by a long wedding motorcade. The passengers started to voice their discontent, but the driver sat in his seat quietly and 4 （regular） rang the horn （喇叭）.Someone said to the driver,“Its no use 5 （ring）

32、 the horn; they wouldnt make way for you. Youd better rush through the space between the wedding cars.”The driver turned back and said with a smile, “I ring the horn not to let them make way for me, but 6 （send） my best wishes to them.” After a short time, he added, “Marriage is a happy thing, so we

33、 have a chance to make way for others 7 （happy）. Isnt it a happy thing?”The passengers calmed 8 instantly. 9 is happy to do that and the one 10 has such a thought is certainly a happy person.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案：1.were 解析：1.语篇解读 本文为记叙文。如果你经常为别人着想, 那么你肯定是一个幸福的人。考查主谓一致和时态。此句是介词短语位于句首引起的倒装

34、句, 正常语序为“Those going to work on it.”, 主语为Those, 且根据前文中的This morning可知, 空处应用一般过去时, 故填were。答案：2.the 解析：2.考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的那辆公共汽车, 故应填定冠词 the。答案：3.followed 解析：3.考查非谓语动词。空处所填词与a car为逻辑上的被动关系, 故填 followed。答案：4.regularly 解析：4.考查副词。空处修饰动词rang, 故应用副词形式。答案：5.ringing 解析：5.考查非谓语动词。its no use doing sth. 为固定结构, 意为“

35、做是没用的”。答案：6.to send 解析：6.考查非谓语动词。此句包含“notbut”结构, 根据前文中的 not to let可知, 此处应用 but to do sth. 与之对应。答案：7.happiness 解析：7.考查名词。others 7 在句中作for的宾语, 故填happy的名词形式。答案：8.down 解析：8.考查固定搭配。calm down意为“冷静下来”。答案：9.It 解析：9.考查代词。分析句子结构可知, It是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。答案：10.who/that 解析：10.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词the one, 指人, 且关系词在定语从句中作主语, 故填who/that。