2023届高考二轮总复习试题 英语 （适用于老高考旧教材） 专题一 阅读理解 考点分类练11　主旨大意题——文章大意类 WORD版含解析.docx

1、考点分类练(十一)主旨大意题文章大意类Passage 1(2022吉林省吉林市三模)His interest in Chinese language and characters dates from 1972,when Richard Sears,was a 22-year-old physics major at Portland State University in Oregon.To Sears,the characters were complex with many strokes(笔画) and almost no apparent logic.But when he coul

2、d get an explanation of a Chinese characters original meaning and an interpretation of its pictographs(象形文字),it would suddenly become apparent how all the strokes had come to be.“Im a physicist,so I dont like blind memorization.I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs and I wanted to kno

3、w the stories behind the Chinese characters.”As he studied,Sears found that many of the explanations were conflicting and even the experts were at odds.He decided to computerize the characters,so that he could separate good opinions from bad ones.He scanned about 96,000 ancient characters and establ

4、ished the database of them.In 2002 he got his website up and named it Chinese Etymology,where visitors can check for free the development of Chinese characters in various forms,from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms.The clicks to the website went up to 600,000 in one day.Overni

5、ght he became American Uncle Hanzi,a nickname(绰号) given by Chinese netizens.Besides,he has explained the origin of 15,000 modern characters.For example,the character jia(home) has a rooftop and a pig underneath.In southern China where it rains a lot,people put their houses on stilts(木桩),so if it flo

6、oded,the inside of the house would not get wet.So,the pigs live underneath the house.Last year,Sears set up his studio in Nanjing that focuses on applying AR,animation(动画)and artificial intelligence to tell stories of Chinese culture and character origins.He has made over 60 such videos in English w

7、ith Chinese subtitles for a video website.“They have both entertainment and educational value,” he says.In the meantime,Sears has been updating the database.“My philosophy is huo dao lao xue dao lao.”1.According to paragraph 1,why did Sears want to know the stories behind the Chinese characters?A.To

8、 make his life in China much easier.B.To become an expert at Chinese characters.C.To solve some related problems in physics.D.To memorize Chinese characters more easily.2.What does the underlined phrase “were at odds” in paragraph 2 mean?A.Held different views.B.Showed no interest.C.Had no doubt at

9、all.D.Were under attack.3.What did Sears do to tell the stories behind the Chinese characters?A.He established a database for all the ancient Chinese characters.B.He built a website about the development of Chinese characters forms.C.He illustrated the structures of 15,000 modern Chinese characters.

10、D.He set up a studio to make videos about the stories of Chinese history.4.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.Chinese characters catching the worlds wide attention.B.A Chinese character website established by an American.C.American Uncle Hanzi devoted to Chinese characters.D.The secret to lan

11、guage learninglong-lasting interest.Passage 2(2022江西景德镇三模)German workers enjoy good worker protections and shorter working hours than those in other countries.How can a country that works an average of 35 hours per week(with additionally average 24 paid vacation days) maintain such a high level of p

12、roductivity?In German business culture,when an employee is at work,he should not be doing anything other than his work.Meta,office chat with co-workers,and pulling up a fake spreadsheet when your boss walks by are socially unacceptable behaviors.In the BBC documentary Make Me A German,a young German

13、 woman explained her culture shock while on a working exchange to the UK.“I was in England for an exchange.I was in the office and the people are talking all the time about their private things.Whats the plan for tonight?,and all the time drinking coffee.” She was quite surprised by the casual natur

14、e of British workers.Upon further discussion,Germans reveal that Meta is not allowed in the office,and no private email is permitted.German business culture is one of intense focus and direct communication.German workers will directly speak to a manager about performance reviews and use commanding l

15、anguage without softening the orders with polite phrases.For example,an American would say,“It would be great if you could get this to me by 3 pm,” while a German would say,“I need this by 3 pm.”Germans work hard and play hard.Since the working day is focused on achieving efficient productivity,the

16、off-hours are truly off-hours.Because of the focused atmosphere and formal environment of German businesses,employees dont necessarily hang out together after work.Germans generally value a separation between their private life and working life.5.What should an employee do while working in German?A.

17、Glance over Meta.B.Just do their work.C.Chat with co-workers.D.Send private emails.6.How did the young German woman think of the working life of British workers?A.Agreeable.B.Understanding.C.Tolerant.D.Astonished.7.Which of the following is TRUE?A.German employees have longer hours than most other c

18、ountries.B.German employees always communicate by using polite words.C.German employees often work hard and pursue efficiency.D.German employees hang out together after work.8.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Unacceptable behaviors in German business culture.B.Germans value goal-oriented and d

19、irect communication.C.Germans attach importance to their working life.D.Why Germans work fewer hours but produce more.Passage 3(2022江西九江三模)If you were suffering from depression,you would turn to sugary holiday desserts,which were usually considered to help people feel relieved.However,if now you are

20、 in the same situation,you will only say “bah humbug” to them for indeed its absolutely absurd.Recently,a new study from a team of clinical psychologists at the University of Kansas suggests that added sugar can cause inflammation(发炎) and processes of metabolism and the nerve system,all of which are

21、 tied to depressive illness.Coupled with decreasing light in wintertime and related changes in sleep patterns,high sugar consumption could result in negative effects on mental health,according to the researchers.The researchers found that inflammation is the key physiological effect of dietary sugar

22、 related to mental health.“A large number of people with depression have high levels of systemic inflammation,” said Stephen Ilardi,a co-author of the study.“When we think about inflammatory disease,we think about diabetes,a disease with a high level of systemic inflammation.We dont normally think a

23、bout depression included in that,but it isnot for everyone whos depressed,but for about half.We also know that inflammatory hormones can directly push the brain into a severe depression.An inflamed brain is typically a depressed brain.And added sugars cause inflammation to the body and brain.”The pr

24、oblem is worse this time of year.“For many people,reduced sunlight exposure during the winter will disturb biological rhythms,disrupting healthy sleep and pushing 5 to 10 percent of the population into a fully clinical depression,” Ilardi says.9.What kind of emotion do the underlined words “bah humb

25、ug” express in paragraph 1?A.Envy.B.Satisfaction.C.Preference.D.Dislike.10.Which factor may cause harm to mental health according to the text?A.Great varieties of clinical diseases.B.No intake of dietary sugar.C.Some anxieties in sleep patterns.D.High sugar with less sunlight.11.Why does the author

26、mention the words of Stephen Ilardi?A.To introduce more about the co-author of the study.B.To support his idea that dietary sugar results in depression.C.To draw the conclusion that inflammatory disease can cause diabetes.D.To give more details about the possible results of mental depression.12.What

27、 does the text mainly talk about?A.The importance of mental health.B.The damage to mental health from sugar.C.The sugar treatment for depression.D.The number of people with depression.考点分类练(十一)主旨大意题文章大意类Passage 1【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位美国人痴迷中国汉字,他建立了古汉字数据库,创立了汉语词源网站,阐释15,000个现代汉字的起源,创办工作室录制中国文化和汉字词源故事

28、的视频。中国的网友们亲切地称呼他为“美国汉字大叔”。1.D解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Im a physicist,so I dont like blind memorization.I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs and I wanted to know the stories behind the Chinese characters.”可知,作为物理学家,他不喜欢盲目记忆,他知道汉字来自象形文字,所以他想了解汉字背后的故事。因此,他是为了更容易地记忆汉字,专门去了解它们背后的故事。2.A解析 词义猜测题。根据第

29、二段首句中的“and”可知,“conflicting”与“at odds”构成并列关系,由此推知,所猜词的意思是“持有不同的观点”。3.B解析 细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知,他创办的Chinese Etymology网站可以供访客免费查阅汉字发展的各种不同形式,因此这个网站是关于汉字的各种发展形式的。4.C解析 主旨大意题。通读文章可知,本文主要讲述了一位致力于汉字研究的美国汉字大叔的故事。所以C项“美国叔叔酷爱汉字”是本文主旨大意。Passage 2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了为什么德国人工作时间更少但生产更多。5.B解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“In German bu

30、siness culture,when an employee is at work,he should not be doing anything other than his work.”可知,在德国工作的时候员工只做他们的工作。6.D解析 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“In the BBC documentary Make Me A German,a young German woman explained her culture shock while on a working exchange to the UK.”和“She was quite surprised by the c

31、asual nature of British workers.”可知,这位年轻的德国妇女对英国工人的工作生活感到惊讶。7.C解析 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Germans work hard and play hard.Since the working day is focused on achieving efficient productivity,the off-hours are truly off-hours.”可知,德国员工经常努力工作,追求效率。8.D解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知,文章解释了为什么德国人工作时间更少但生产更多。Passage 3【语篇导读】本文是

32、一篇说明文。本文主要讲述一项新研究表明饮食中的糖会导致抑郁。9.D解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“for indeed its absolutely absurd”可推断“bah humbug”表达为“荒谬的,骗人的”,因此和D项最接近。10.D解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Coupled with decreasing light.according to the researchers.”可知,高糖并且日照少可能会对心理健康有影响。11.B解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中“A large number of people.And added sugars cause inflammation to the body and brain.”可推断,作者提到Stephen Ilardi的话是为了支撑自己的观点,饮食中的糖会导致抑郁。