2021高考英语北京版一轮精练：专题六 猜测词义 WORD版含解析.docx

1、专题六猜测词义探考情 悟真题【考情探究】考点内容五年考频统计2015北京卷2016北京卷2017北京卷2018北京卷2019北京卷猜测词义猜测词义题要求考生通过对上下文的理解,推断单词、短语或句子在语境中的含义11011分析解读猜测词义题旨在考查考生根据上下文推测单词、短语甚至是句子意思的能力,突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。猜测词义题虽不是阅读理解中的重点题型,但也是常考题型,其考查目的不在于检测考生是否认识某个生词或短语。有时设问处可能就是学生认为自己认识的单词或短语,但由于语境的变化它已经产生了新的含义。所以考生还是要以理解语境为首要任务,在语境中对单词、短语或句子进行理解。【五年高

2、考】A组自主命题北京卷题组Passage 1(2018北京,D) 词数:479Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving perm

3、its in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isnt leading the way here. Companies have been testin

4、g their vehicles in cities across the country. Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is re

5、gulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driv

6、erless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copyor even worsenthe traffic of today with driverless cars?Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from w

7、ork on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or

8、 the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transportan unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车)services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered privat

9、e cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施)and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverl

10、ess cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers

11、 should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed t

12、o move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.1.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can.A.help deal with transportation-related problemsB.provide better services to customersC.cause damage to our environment

13、D.make some people lose jobs2.As for driverless cars, what is the authors major concern?A.Safety.B.Side effects. C.Affordability.D.Management.3.What does the underlined word“fielded”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared. D.Reduced.4.What is the authors attitude to the future of

14、 self-driving cars?A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.答案1.A2.D3.A4.BPassage 2(2016北京,D) 词数:443Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended pe

15、riod of adolescence,during which many of todays students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control;guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, cont

16、inued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, u

17、niversities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intell

18、ectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally impor

19、tant. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex comm

20、unity.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults:the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavio

21、r that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict

22、 between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include rec

23、ognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1.Whats the authors attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?A.Sympathetic.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive. D.Neutral.2.The underlined word

24、“passage” in Paragraph 2 means.A.changeB.choiceC.text D.extension3.According to the author, what role should college play?A.To develop a shared identity among students.B.To define and regulate students social behavior.C.To provide a safe world without tension for students.D.To foster students intell

25、ectual and personal development.4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I:IntroductionP:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion答案1.B2.A3.D4.CPassage 3(2015北京,C) 词数:450Life in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through

26、 a window.These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feetas far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientist in biology,says,“These animals live through their life alone.They n

27、ever touch anything unless theyre eating it,or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become see-through?Its trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But so

28、me materials slow and scatter(散射) light,bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light,stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter ligh

29、t,at least not very much.Light can pass through it without bending or stopping.That means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water.You dont see ityou see the things behind it.To become transparent,an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering

30、light.Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light.But a transparent animal doesnt have pigments,so its tissues wont absorb light.According to Johnsen,avoiding absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering

31、.Animals are built of many different materialsskin,fat,and moreand light moves through each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed,it bends and scatters.Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering.Some animals are simply very small or extremely

32、flat.Without much tissue to scatter light,it is easier to be see-through.Others build a large,clear mass of non-living jelly-like(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it.Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge,because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow

33、 down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how theyre doing it is still unknown.One thing is clear:for these larger animals,staying transparent is an active process.When they die,they turn a non-transparent milky white.1.According to Paragraph 1,transparent animals.A.sta

34、y in groupsB.can be easily damagedC.appear only in deep oceanD.are beautiful creatures2.The underlined word“dead” in Paragraph 3 means.A.silentlyB.graduallyC.regularlyD.completely3.One way for an animal to become transparent is to.A.change the direction of light travelB.gather materials to scatter l

35、ightC.avoid the absorption of lightD.grow bigger to stop light4.The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals.A.move more slowly in deep waterB.stay see-through even after deathC.produce more tissues for their survivalD.take effective action to reduce light spreading答案1.B2.D3.C4.DB组统一命

36、题、省(区、市)卷题组Passage 1(2019课标全国,B) 词数:329For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes nervous.“I

37、m here to tell you today why you should.should.”Chris trips on the “-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“.Vote for.me.”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech t

38、o a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English

39、as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student,”Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say,I dont know, but I want to know.”Wh

40、aley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants the

41、se kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,”Whaley says,“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”1.What made Chris nervous?A.Telling a story.B.Making a speech.C.Taking a test. D.Answering a question.2.What

42、does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Improper pauses. B.Bad manners.C.Spelling mistakes.D.Silly jokes.3.We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to.A.help students see their own strengthsB.assess students public speaking skillsC.prepare students for their future j

43、obsD.inspire students love for politics4.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring. D.Demanding.答案1.B2.A3.A4.CPassage 2(2019课标全国,A) 词数:264My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列) of lifestyl

44、e books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. Matildas battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally

45、 funny and frightening, but theyre also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIts about two sistersEri, a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse“night people”who are hi

46、ding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didnt want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. Theres tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. Its a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise

47、 whats going on is horribly enjoyable.The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the worlds population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest

48、 characters ever.1.Who does “I” refer to in the text?A.Stephen King.B.Gillian Flynn.C.Jo Usmar. D.Roald Dahl.2.Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A.Cosmopolitan.B.Matilda.C.After Dark. D.The Stand.3.What kind of book is Gone Girl?A.A folk tale. B.A biography.C.A love story.D.A horror st

49、ory.答案1.C2.C3.DPassage 3(2019课标全国,B) 词数:338“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule

50、, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on.At this point the u

51、nwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, Ill do it.”Im secretly relieved because I know theres real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the sa

52、me parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us v

53、olunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels

54、 so good.In that sense, Im pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than Id freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?1.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1?A.She kno

55、ws little about the club.B.She isnt good at sports.C.She just doesnt want to volunteer.D.Shes unable to meet her schedule.2.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Encourage teamwork.B.Appeal to feelings.C.Promote good deeds.D.Provide advice.3.What can we learn

56、about the parent from paragraph 3?A.She gets interested in lacrosse.B.She is proud of her kids.C.Shell work for another season.D.She becomes a good helper.4.Why does the author like doing volunteer work?A.It gives her a sense of duty.B.It makes her very happy.C.It enables her to work hard.D.It bring

57、s her material rewards.答案1.C2.B3.D4.BPassage 4(2019课标全国,B) 词数:313For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.“Its no secret that China has always been a source(来源) of inspiration for designers,” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E

58、Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚) shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chines

59、e aesthetics(美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion cam

60、paigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashionthey are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by Chinasome of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“

61、Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobsand beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.“The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so

62、 are the consumers,” she says.“China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about Chinaits influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in ma

63、ny ways.”1.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A.It promoted the sales of artworks.B.It attracted a large number of visitors.C.It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D.It aimed to introduce Chinese models.2.What does Hill say about Chinese women?A.They are setting the fashion.B.They start

64、many fashion campaigns.C.They admire super models.D.They do business all over the world.3.What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?A.learning fromB.looking down onC.working withD.competing against4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Young Models Selling Dreams to the Wor

65、ldB.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC.Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD.Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends答案1.B2.A3.D4.DPassage 5(2019天津,D) 词数:435Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggl

66、e against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cerva

67、ntes, and the book was Don Quixote(堂吉诃德). And the story poses an interesting question:why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark. Im not talking

68、about those who fail to get to the top. We cant all get there. Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We suc

69、ceed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we cant chan

70、ge. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love usan idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our lif

71、e. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我),whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.Many of us equate(视等同于)“commitment”with such “caring”occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ord

72、inary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellencewhether they are driving a truck, or running a storemake the world better just by being the kind of people they are. Theyve learned lifes most valuable lesson.1.The passage starts with the story

73、of Cervantes to show that .A.loss of freedom stimulates ones creativityB.age is not a barrier to achieving ones goalC.misery inspires a man to fight against his fateD.disability cannot stop a mans pursuit of success2.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.End ones struggle for

74、liberty.B.Waste ones energy taking risks.C.Miss the opportunity to succeed.D.Lose the interest to continue learning.3.What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?A.Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.B.Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.C.Opportunity favors those with a curi

75、ous mind.D.Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.4.What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?A.A tough man can tolerate suffering.B.A wise man can live without self-pity.C.A man should try to satisfy people around him.D.A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.5.What is

76、 the authors purpose in writing the passage?A.To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.B.To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.C.To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.D.To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.答案1.B2.D3

77、.C4.D5.APassage 6(2018课标全国,C) 词数:294Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independe

78、nt of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and f

79、ewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as

80、 English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spok

81、en by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoke

82、n by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in

83、 Australia(one, with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.2.Which of the following best explai

84、ns“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?A.Complex. B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800.B.About 3,400. C.About 2,400.D.About 1,200.4.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are r

85、eflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.答案1.B2.C3.B4.CPassage 7(2018课标全国,B) 词数:258Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Co

86、lumbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antio

87、xidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious. Who cares?However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen ba

88、nanas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat“ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will p

89、revent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve”creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a

90、 fun activity for a childrens party;they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.1.What does the author seem to like about cherries?A.They contain protein. B.They are high in vitamin A.C.They have a pleasant taste.D.They are ric

91、h in antioxidants.2.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A.To make them smell better.B.To keep their colour.C.To speed up their ripening.D.To improve their nutrition.3.What is“a juicer”in the last paragraph?A.A dessert. B.A drink.C.A container.D.A machine.4.From which is the text probab

92、ly taken?A.A biology textbook.B.A health magazine.C.A research paper. D.A travel brochure.答案1.C2.B3.D4.BPassage 8(2018课标全国,D)词数:304Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings?The good news is tha

93、t I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother

94、 was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).For weeks, Ive been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How d

95、o we make it a habit for them?And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less?Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy wou

96、ld keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ballsimple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had

97、 passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.1.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.The more, the

98、 better. B.Enough is enough.C.More money, more worries.D.Earn more and spend more.2.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A.Saving up for her holiday.B.Raising money for a poor girl.C.Adding the money to her fund.D.Giving the money to a sick mother.3.Why did the author play the ball wi

99、th Shepherd?A.To try out an idea.B.To show a parents love.C.To train his attention.D.To help him start a hobby.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Take It or Leave ItB.A Lesson from KidsC.Live More with LessD.The Pleasure of Giving答案1.A2.C3.A4.CPassage 9(2018浙江,B) 词数:279Steven Stein likes

100、to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry

101、 behind the plastic shopping bag.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angele

102、s. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers arguments:many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but requ

103、ire more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement:reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, th

104、e longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists dont dispute(质疑)these points. They hope

105、 paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.2.What does the word“headwinds”in

106、paragraph 2 refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags. B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage. D.Plastic bags hung in trees.3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than pl

107、astic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Plastic, Paper or NeitherB.Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Waste Control答案1.D2.A3.D4.APassage 10(2017课标全国,D) 词数:311A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one o

108、f the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natural

109、substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 55 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use

110、 a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line

111、 runs upand outthe side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly ove

112、r, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refr

113、eshment out through the tube, and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.Its delicate.B.Its expensive.C.Its complex.D.Its portable.2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher”in paragraph 2 r

114、efer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheets center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup

115、 from.A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open air D.beneath the sheet答案1.D2.B3.C4.DPassage 11(2017课标全国,B) 词数:289I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didnt want me for the film

116、it wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me. I dont know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that

117、although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making

118、 fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success, you should put something backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are

119、 seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. Hed been in and out of the hospital. He

120、and I both knew what the deal was, and we didnt talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.1.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?A.Paul Newman wanted it.B.The studio powers didnt like his agent.C.He wasnt famous enough.D.The director recomm

121、ended someone else.2.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A.They were of the same age.B.They worked in the same theater.C.They were both good actors.D.They had similar characteristics.3.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Their belief.B.Their care for childr

122、en.C.Their success.D.Their support for each other.4.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love of films.B.To remember a friend.C.To introduce a new movie.D.To share his acting experience.答案1.C2.D3.A4.BPassage 12(2017课标全国,C) 词数:291After years of heated debate, gray wolves were

123、 reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States,

124、but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk

125、populationsmajor food sources(来源)for the wolfgrew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red foxes, and completely dr

126、ove away the parks beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals

127、or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote p

128、opulations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Wildlife research in the United States.B.

129、Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.2.What does the underlined word“displaced”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forced out.D.Tracked down.3.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring a

130、bout?A.Damage to local ecology.B.A decline in the parks income.C.Preservation of vegetation.D.An increase in the variety of animals.4.What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.答案1.D2.C3.A4.BPassage 13(2017天津,C) 词数:330This month,

131、 Germanys transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the“death valley”

132、of autonomous vehicles:the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things:that a car always chooses property(财产)damage over personal injury;that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race;and that if a hu

133、man removes his or her hands from the driving wheelto check email, saythe cars maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,”says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.Who is

134、 responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers.“The liability(法律责任)issue is the biggest one of them all,”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insist

135、s that a human“be watchful and monitoring the road”at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.“When you saydriverless cars, people expect driverless cars,”Merat says.“You knowno driver.”Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wa

136、it until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are b

137、eing launched.That would go down poorly in the US, however.“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,”says Calo.1.What does the phrase“death valley”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.A place where cars often break down.B.A

138、case where passing a law is impossible.C.An area where no driving is permitted.D.A situation where drivers role is not clear.2.The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to.A.stop people from breaking traffic rulesB.help promote fully automatic drivingC.protect drivers of all ages and racesD.prevent

139、serious property damage3.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A.It should get the attention of insurance companies.B.It should be the main concern of law makers.C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D.It should involve no human responsibility.4.Driverless vehicles in

140、public transport see no bright future in.A.SingaporeB.the UKC.the US D.Germany5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Autonomous Driving:Whose Liability?B.Fully Automatic Cars:A New BreakthroughC.Autonomous Vehicles:Driver Removed!D.Driverless Cars:Root of Road Accidents答案1.D2.B3.D4.C5.APas

141、sage 14(2016课标全国,C) 词数:269I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 tripsof those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are h

142、arvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington th

143、en back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, Im really sorry, Ive got some bad news for youthere are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently neede

144、d for a patientplease, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job,youre consci

145、ously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier”in Paragraph 1?A.providerB.delivery manC.collectorD.medical doctor2.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?A.He cannot

146、stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that much time.D.The ice wont last any longer.3.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To London.B.To Newark.C.To Providence.D.To Washington.答案1.B2.D3.BPassage 15(2016课标全国,B)词数:294Five years ago, w

147、hen I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:“Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes todayand 45 minutes each day for the

148、rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked

149、 experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assi

150、stant in class whose creativity would infect(感染)other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But Im just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when youre asleep?”“Oh,sure.

151、”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“Thats pretty creative. Who does that for you?”“Nobody. I do it.”“Reallyat night, when youre asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytim

152、e, in class, okay?”1.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to.A.know more about the studentsB.make the lessons more excitingC.raise the students interest in artD.teach the students about toy design2.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.He liked to help his teacher.B.He pr

153、eferred to study alone.C.He was active in class.D.He was imaginative.3.What does the underlined word“downside”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.4.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A.To help them to see their creativity.B.To find out

154、 about their sleeping habits.C.To help them to improve their memory.D.To find out about their ways of thinking.答案1.A2.D3.B4.APassage 16(2016课标全国,B) 词数:323On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a c

155、omfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.“Hey, arent you from Mississippi?”the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.“Im from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner p

156、artner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,”Welty said.“I didnt know what my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Weltys new friends

157、 immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).“My friend said:Now we believe your stories,”Welty added.“And I said:Now you know. The

158、se are the people that make me write them.”Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.“I dont make them up,”she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.“I dont have to.”Beauticians, bartenders, piano player

159、s and people with purple hats, Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train,

160、she hears only a fragment(片断)of a particularly interesting story.1.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?A.Two strangers joined her.B.Her childhood friends came in.C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner.D.Some people held a party there.2.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 6 refers t

161、o Weltys.A.readersB.partiesC.friendsD.stories3.What can we learn about the characters in Weltys fiction?A.They live in big cities.B.They are mostly women.C.They come from real life.D.They are pleasure seekers.答案1.A2.D3.CPassage 17(2016课标全国,C) 词数:279If you are a fruit groweror would like to become on

162、etake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around. Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a

163、 wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesnt taste of any

164、thing special, its still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的)Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place w

165、ith perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are

166、being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.1.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts

167、lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.2.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety. B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.3.What does the underlined phrase“a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean?A.A

168、 practical idea.B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan.D.A selfish desire.4.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote apple research.答案1.D2.C3.B4.BPassage 18(2016天津,C) 词数:378When John was growin

169、g up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he

170、was happier. Far happier.These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence

171、(能力)and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,”said George Vaillant, the psychologist(心理学家)who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”Vaillants study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 a

172、nd 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the mens mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults wa

173、s surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic cla

174、ss made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Workingat any ageis important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competencethe underpinnings(基础)of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward com

175、mon goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isnt everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love ones work.”1.What do we know about John?A.He enjoye

176、d his career and marriage.B.He had few childhood playmates.C.He received little love from his family.D.He was envied by others in his childhood.2.Vaillants words in Paragraph 2 serve as.A.a description of personal values and social valuesB.an analysis of how work was related to competenceC.an exampl

177、e for parents expectations of their childrenD.an explanation why some boys grew into happy men3.Vaillants team obtained their findings by.A.recording the boys effort in schoolB.evaluating the mens mental healthC.comparing different sets of scoresD.measuring the mens problem-solving ability4.What doe

178、s the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?A.Quick to react. B.Having a thin edge.C.Clear and definite.D.Sudden and rapid.5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Competent adults know more about love than work.B.Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.C.Love

179、brings more joy to people than work does.D.Independence is the key to ones success.答案1.A2.D3.C4.C5.BPassage 19(2015天津,D) 词数:329Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk,I went to a friend.He looked at me for a moment,and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice Ive ever had:B

180、e bold and braveand mighty(强大的)forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past,it was seldom because I had tried and failed.It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.On the other hand,whenever I had plunged into

181、deep water,forced by courage or circumstance,I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat.And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces.They are potential powers we possess:energy,skill,sound

182、 judgment,creative ideaseven physical strength greater than most of us realize.Admittedly,those mighty forces are spiritual ones.But they are more important than physical ones.A college classmate of mine,Tim,was an excellent football player,even though he weighed much less than the average player.“I

183、n one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player,who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,”said Tim.“I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet(子弹)and stopped him cold.”Boldnessa willingness to extend yourself to the extre

184、meis not one that can be acquired overnight.But it can be taught to children and developed in adults.Confidence builds up.Surely,there will be setbacks(挫折)and disappointments in life;boldness in itself is no guarantee of success.But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off

185、than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.So,always try to live a little bit beyond your abilitiesand youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.1.Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?A.He faced huge risks.B.He lacked mighty forces.C.Fear prev

186、ented him from trying.D.Failure blocked his way to success.2.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?A.Swallow more than you can digest.B.Act slightly above your abilities.C.Develop more mysterious powers.D.Learn to make creative decisions.3.What was especially important for Tims successf

187、ul defense in the football game?A.His physical strength.B.His basic skill.C.His real fear. D.His spiritual force.4.What can be learned from Paragraph 5?A.Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.B.Trying without success is meaningless.C.Repeated failure creates a better life.D.Boldness can be gained

188、little by little.5.What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A.To encourage people to be courageous.B.To advise people to build up physical power.C.To tell people the ways to guarantee success.D.To recommend people to develop more abilities.答案1.C2.B3.D4.D5.APassage 20(2015课标全国,C) 词数:211Sal

189、vador Dali(19041989)was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exh

190、ibition the visitor will find the best pieces,most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938,works on paper,objects,and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.The visitor will enter the

191、 World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning,the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限).“From the infinity small to the infinity large,contrac

192、tion and expansion coming in and out of focus:amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,”explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Ma

193、drid,Spain,and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida.1.Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?A.Optimistic.B.Productive.C.Generous.D.Traditional.2.What is Dalis The Persistence of Memory considered to be?A.One o

194、f his masterworks.B.A successful screen adaptation.C.An artistic creation for the stage.D.One of the best TV programmes.3.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?A.By popularity.B.By importance.C.By size and shape.D.By time and subject.4.What does the word“contributions”in the last paragr

195、aph refer to?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.答案1.B2.A3.D4.A【三年模拟】Passage 1(2020届北京海淀第一学期期中, B) 词数:409I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof.Edwar

196、d Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software.One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to “send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been don

197、e before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired.At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at

198、 any time during the mission. My daughter, Lauren, liked to imitate meplaying the astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation(模拟)of a mission to the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The comput

199、er had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my Godthis could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too

200、 well trained to make such a mistake.On the very next mission, Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged.After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program

201、 change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11. During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines (学科). It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the

202、 most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware.It was a memorable moment.1.What do we know about the author?A.She taught Lauren to write software.B.She go

203、t her masters degree from MIT. C.She is the first woman ever hired by MIT.D.She created the term “software engineering”.2.“The Lauren bug” in Para.5 refers to .A.a pet to accompany LaurenB.a mission to land on the moonC.a mistake causing data lossD.a software ending prelaunch3.What greatly contribut

204、ed to Apollo 11s success according to the passage?A.The in-time upload of data.B.The program change.C.Astronauts rich experience.D.Experts new attitude.4.What can we learn from Margarets story?A.Honesty is the best policy.B.A good beginning is half done.C.Two heads are better than one.D.Chances favo

205、r the prepared mind.答案1.D2.C3.B4.DPassage 2(2020届北京朝阳第一学期期中,C) 词数:416A century ago, millions of Quino checkerspot butterflies flew above Southern California. Each about the size of a paperclip(回形针), the Quinos hatched in great numbers each spring.Toward the end of the twentieth century, however, the

206、 development of farms and cities dramatically reduced the butterflys habitat. By 1997, the population of the Quinos had declined to a tiny amount of its historical numbers.The Quinos situation continued to worsen. Wildfires burned much of its habitat, and temperatures were getting warmer and drier,

207、making the environment more difficult to the butterflys host plant called the dwarf plantain.Scientists knew that Quino caterpillars(毛虫) relied on the dwarf plantain as a food source. Each spring, the adult female butterflies laid eggs on dwarf plantains. When the caterpillars hatched, they fed on t

208、he plantain leaves. However, in the hot and dry summer, the plantains died off. The caterpillars responded by entering a state called diapause. Then, when normal winter rains came and the plantains flowers came out again, the caterpillars came back to life and started eating. Once theyd grown large

209、enough, the caterpillars formed pupae(蛹) and emerged as adult butterflies. This strategy worked well in most years, but as average temperatures rose and rainfall decreased, the caterpillars werent getting sufficient food, and fewer developed into butterflies.Because the area where they lived was sur

210、rounded by developed cities and desert landscapes, the Quinos had limited options. They took off anyway, flying eastward into the hills. They landed in mountainous open spaces east of Los Angeles and San Diego. They found no dwarf plantains there. The females began laying their eggs on the leaves of

211、 other plants, primarily the Collinsia concolor. These plants remained green longer into the summer months. When the caterpillars hatched, they successfully fed on the Collinsia leaves and enjoyed a longer feeding season. The Quinos survived, and their numbers grew in their new home.Scientists were

212、surprised when they began encountering numerous Quinos in the eastern hills. They were cheered to learn that these small insects had adapted to changing conditions. The Quinos demonstrated the toughness needed to survive by finding not only a new habitat, but a new food source, too.Meanwhile, scient

213、ists had been raising Quino caterpillars in a lab and released hundreds of caterpillars into protected areas around San Diego. Between the efforts of scientists and the butterflies own actions, more of those colorfully checkered wings may soon be seen fluttering above the Southern California skies.1

214、.From the passage, we know Quino checkerspot butterflies in Southern California .A.were an endangered speciesB.couldnt survive the winter coldC.were very adaptable to environmental changesD.couldnt respond to the food shortage on their own2.How did Quino checkerspot butterflies adapt to changed cond

215、itions?A.They travelled to a new habitat. B.They found new dwarf plantains.C.They laid more eggs on host plants. D.They learned to fly high up in the mountains.3.What does the underlined word “diapause” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Dying from hunger. B.Stopping bodily functions.C.Becoming more act

216、ive.D.Surviving the hot summer.4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Quino Checkerspot Butterflies Get HelpB.Quino Checkerspot Butterflies: EndangeredC.Quino Checkerspot Butterflies: Small, but StrongD.Quino Checkerspot Butterflies Find a New Habitat答案1.A2.A3.B4.CPassage

217、 3(2019北京海淀第一学期期中, C) 词数:408Seeds on Ice Close to the North Pole, remote and rocky Plateau Mountain in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard seems an unlikely spot for any effort to safeguard agriculture. In this cold and deserted environment, no grains, no gardens, no trees can grow. Yet at the end

218、 of a 130-meter-long tunnel cut out of solid stone is a room filled with humanitys most precious treasure, the largest and most diverse seed collectionmore than a half billion seeds. A quiet rescue mission is under way. With growing evidence that unchecked climate change will seriously affect food p

219、roduction and threaten the diversity of crops around the world, the Svalbard Global Seed Vault represents a major step towards ensuring the preservation of hundreds of thousands of crop varieties. This is a seed collection, but more importantly, it is a collection of the traits found within the seed

220、s: the genes that give one variety resistance to a particular pest and another variety tolerance for hot, dry weather. Few people will ever see or come into contact with the contents of this vault. In sealed boxes, behind multiple locked doors, monitored by electronic security systems, enveloped in

221、below-zero temperatures, and surrounded by tons of rock, hundreds of millions of seeds are protected in their mountain fortress. Frozen in such conditions inside the mountain, seeds of most major crops will remain viable for hundreds of years, or longer. Seeds of some are capable of retaining their

222、ability to grow for thousands of years. Everyone can look back now and say that the Seed Vault was a good and obvious idea, and that of course the Norwegian government should have approved and funded it. But back in 2004, when the Seed Vault was proposed, it was viewed as a crazy, impractical, and e

223、xpensive idea.One builder said, “We knew that nothing would provide a definite guarantee. But we were tired and frankly scared of the steady, greater losses of crop diversity. The Seed Vault was built by optimists who wanted to do something to preserve options so that humanity and its crops might be

224、 better prepared for change. If it simply resupplied seed gene banks with samples those gene banks had lost, this would repay our efforts.” The Seed Vault is about hope and commitment and about what can be done if countries come together and work cooperatively to accomplish something significant, lo

225、ng-lasting, and worthy of who we are and wish to be. 1.According to the passage, the Seed Vault is.A.a tunnel where the collected seeds are displayedB.a stone room that contains the seeds of endangered cropsC.a seed gene bank that stores diverse seeds for future agriculture D.a lab where researchers

226、 study how to maintain the diversity of crops2.The underlined word “viable” in Paragraph 3 probably means .A.mature B.cleanC.alive D.valuable3.Paragraph 3 mainly tells us .A.how the seeds are preservedB.where people keep the seedsC.why the seeds are protected D.what people do to study the seeds4.We

227、can know from the passage that .A.the Seed Vault offers a solution to climate changeB.most countries took part in rescuing seed varietiesC.the Seed Vault guarantees to prevent the loss of crop diversityD.many people originally considered building the Seed Vault unwise答案1.C2.C3.A4.DPassage 4(2019北京朝阳

228、第一学期期中, B) 词数:393A Teenage InventorThe world could be one step closer to quick and inexpensive Ebola detection thanks to a teenager from Connecticut. Olivia Hallisey, a junior at Greenwich High School, was awarded $50,000 in the Google Science Fair for her new method that detects Ebola, a virus that

229、 causes bleeding from different parts of the body and usually causes death. Olivias method is to ask patients to put their saliva (唾液) onto a testing card. The card changes color if the person is infected with Ebola. Present Ebola tests take up to 12 hours and cost $1,000.Olivias method, however, ca

230、n be done just in 30 minutes for about $25.Besides, the sample (样本) doesnt have to be put in a refrigerator thanks to the silk material Olivia uses to produce the testing cards.Olivia was inspired to deal with this global problem after watching the news that more than 10,000 people died from Ebola i

231、n West Africa. She was particularly worried about the fact that, while proper treatment can improve survival rates, present detection methods are costly, time-consuming and require complex tools. Olivia got help from her science research teacher. She studied past research, and figured out detection

232、systems that have proven to cure other diseases, including Lyme disease and yellow fever.“What affects one country affects everyone,” Olivia told CNBC.“We have to work together to find answers to the huge challenges which cause harm to global health.” The Connecticuts teen, who hopes to become a doc

233、tor one day, was named the Google Science Fair winner in the competition of 20 competitors from across the globe. The fair is open to young people between the ages of 13 and 18 in most countries.Olivia hopes her success will inspire other girls interested in science and computers. “I would like to e

234、ncourage girls to try it in the beginning, and remind them that they dont have to feel naturally drawn or feel like they have a special talent for maths or science,” she told CNBC, “but just really look at something they are interested in and then think how to improve something or make it more enjoy

235、able or relate it to their interests.”1.According to the passage, present Ebola detection methods .A.must use a large amount of samples B.may detect other deadly viruses as wellC.have proven to be ineffective in practiceD.require samples to be kept in refrigerators2.What can we learn about Olivias m

236、ethod?A.Time-consuming. B.Cheap. C.Complex. D.Out-of-date.3.What does the underlined word “drawn” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Attracted. B.Controlled.C.Admitted. D.Exposed.4.The Google Science Fair is intended for.A.studentsB.doctors C.inventors D.scientists答案1.D2.B3.A4.APassage 5(2019北京朝阳一模, C)

237、词数:454Training the BrainPeople who can accomplish unbelievable tasks, such as memorizing thousands of random numbers in under an hour, state that they just have normal brains. Some memory superstars compete in the World Memory Championships. These mental athletes, or MAs for short, can memorize name

238、s of dozens of strangers in a few minutes or any poem handed to them. Ed Cooke, a 24-year-old MA, explains they see themselves as participants rescuing the long-lost art of memory training. These techniques existed not to recall useless information, but to cut into the brain basic text and ideas.A s

239、tudy in the journal Nature examined eight people who finished near the top of the World Memory Championships. The scientists examined whether their brains were fundamentally different from everyone elses or whether they were simply making better use of memorizing abilities we all possess. They put t

240、he MAs and control subjects into brain scanners and had them memorize numbers and photographs. The result surprised everyone. The brains of the MAs and those of the control subjects were indistinguishable. On every test, the MAs scored in the normal range. However, when the scientists examined what

241、part of the brain was used during a memory activity, they found the MAs relied more heavily on areas in the brain involved in spatial memory.MAs offer an explanation: anything can be fixed upon our memories and kept in order by constructing a building in the imagination and filling it with pictures

242、of what needs to be recalled. Dating back to the fifth century, the building is called a memory palace. Even as late as the fourteenth century, when there were copies of any text, scholars needed to remember what was read to them. Reading to remember requires a different technique than speed reading

243、. If something is made memorable, it has to be repeated. Until relatively recently, people read only a few books intensively (细致地) again and again, usually aloud. Today we read extensively, usually only once and without continuous focus.So the greatest difference is the ability to create impressive

244、pictures in mind and to do it quickly. Using memory palaces, MAs create memorized pictures. For example, recombine the pictures to form unforgettable scenes such as the ways through a town. One competitor used his own body parts to help him memorize a 57,000-word dictionary.Anyone who wishes to trai

245、n the mind needs first to create fantastical palaces in the imagination. Then they should cut each building into cubbyholes for memories. In a short amount of time, they will notice improvement with remembering things. To keep the skill sharp, MAs deliberately empty their palaces after competitions,

246、 so they can reuse them and they recommend that beginners do the same.1.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that a mental athlete.A.owns a brain that is larger in sizeB.shows a gift in mental ability testsC.uses the memorizing technique betterD.depends less on the areas that control spatial memory2.Why do

247、es the author mention “speed reading” in Paragraph 3?A.To discuss the memorizing technique in the fifth century.B.To give the reason why people read only a few books carefully.C.To explain the text scholars in the fourteenth century had to remember.D.To compare the type of reading nowadays with that

248、 of earlier times.3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A.There is a variety of unforgettable scenes.B.Memory palaces can be quickly forgotten.C.Impressive pictures are in actual buildings.D.One person probably has 57,000 body parts.4.What does the underlined word “cubbyholes” in the last paragrap

249、h probably mean?A.Small spaces. B.Black holes.C.Technical skills.D.Different numbers.答案1.C2.D3.A4.APassage 6(2019北京东城二模,A) 词数:347Preschool girl lifts old mans spirits When Tara Wood brought her daughter to a grocery store to buy the four-year-old cupcakes, she had no idea that would be a life-changi

250、ng experience. As Tara pushed her daughter Norah around the store last month, she passed an old man who was by himself. The old man looked cold, until Norah shouted to him, “Hi! Its my birthday today!” The man stopped and his demeanor changed from distant and serious to warm and friendly. “How old a

251、re you today?” the man asked. After some time talking together, Norah asked her mom to take a picture of her with her new friend “Mr. Dan”, Dan Peterson, 82.They hugged and after ten minutes went their separate ways. That could have been the end of the story. But it is actually the beginning of a sp

252、ecial relationship.Tara posted the picture of her daughter and Mr. Dan on Facebook and someone who recognized him reached out to her with his contact information. It turned out that Mr. Dans wife died in March and he had been suffering from depression and anxiety ever since. The person on Facebook t

253、old Tara that it was the first time they had seen Mr. Dan smile since the death of his wife. Knowing that, Tara contacted Mr. Dan, and ever since Norah and the 82-year-old have developed a friendship unlike any other. “She has shown me a depth of love, a depth that I didnt know existed,” Mr. Dan tol

254、d the reporter. Mr. Dan told Tara that before meeting Norah, he hadnt had one night of uninterrupted sleep. Anxiety kept him up at all hours and made him restless. After meeting Norah, he said he now sleeps soundly. For Mr. Dans 82nd birthday on October 20, the mother and the daughter brought balloo

255、ns and presents and, of course, cupcakes. Mr. Dan will also spend a day around Thanksgiving with Norah and her family. “If you dont take the time to notice people, you will never know how you can positively impact a life,” Tara Wood said. 1.Mr. Dan looked cold because . A.he felt lonely B.he dislike

256、d little kidsC.nobody had hugged himD.he knew little about Norah2.The underlined word “demeanor” in Paragraph 2 probably means . A.wordsB.bodyC.thoughtsD.attitude3.How did Tara know more about Mr. Dan? A.From a news reporter.B.From a stranger.C.From a shop assistant.D.From his neighbor.4.What can we

257、 learn from the story? A.Giving makes a real difference.B.It is important to respect each other. C.We should not judge a person at first sight.D.Good things will happen if one keeps trying.答案1.A2.D3.B4.APassage 7(2019北京西城第一学期期末, C) 词数:462Be nice to mice and they may return the favour.Only one drug o

258、f every ten successfully tested in laboratory animals ends up working in people. One reason, of course, is that mice are not men. Another, though, might have to do with the fact that while human patients are afforded all manners of creature comforts, their animal proxies (代替物) are not.Although medic

259、al sciences favourite creatures relish temperatures of a little over 30, laboratories routinely keep them at five or ten degrees below that. This is not in order to abuse the beasts but because when kept warm they are unmanageably aggressive.The downside is that they have to eat more than they other

260、wise would, in order to keep their bodies warm. That changes their physiology (生理). And that in turn changes the way they metabolise (新陈代谢) drugs, with possibly confusing results. Joseph Garner, of Stanford University, thinks the answer is to keep the labs cool, but let mice deal with the low temper

261、atures as they do in their natural habitat: not by eating more but by building nests.So far, though, no one has a clear idea of how much nesting material is needed to keep mice happy. Dr Garner and his colleagues therefore decided to find out. They have just reported their results in The Public Libr

262、ary of Science. Dr Garner and his team let each of their mice, 36 males and as many females from three types commonly used in trials, wander free in two cages connected by a narrow tube. One cage was kept constant at one of six temperatures between 20 and 35. The other was maintained at 20 but was s

263、upplied with up to ten grams of very small pieces of paper, which the mice could use to weave a nest.The idea was to check whether the animals would rather build a nest in the cooler cage or move to the warmer one, possibly pulling nesting material along with them little by little. The researchers f

264、ound that the mices preferences varied slightly between types, as well as between sexes (with females fond of higher temperatures, possibly because of their thinner protective layer of fat), confirming that there is no single set of conditions in which all mice feel cosy.In general, though, with lit

265、tle nesting material around, the mice laboriously carried pieces of paper over to the warmer spot, one or two at a time. But leave at least six grams of paper in the chilly cage, and many mice will prefer instead to brave the cold and build a nest there.That seems a small price to pay for better dru

266、g trials.1.What does the underlined word “relish” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Resist.B.Enjoy.C.Avoid.D.Maintain.2.Mice eating more than they normally do may lead to.A.better management of their behaviorB.their different body response to drugsC.a slowdown in their metabolismD.a confusion in their

267、mind3.Dr Garner and his team found that.A.mice keep warm by moving pieces of paperB.female mice better beat the cold than male miceC.mice tend to fight the cold under certain conditionsD.different types of mice prefer very different temperatures4.To have a better drug trial, researchers need to.A.pr

268、ovide little foodB.use other animal proxiesC.raise the lab temperatureD.prepare enough nesting material答案1.B2.B3.C4.DPassage 8(2019北京西城一模,C) 词数:564Like many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that Im a slightly different person in each of my languagesmore confident

269、 in English, more relaxed in French, more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral compass (指南针) also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language Im using at the time?Psychologists who study moral judgments have become very interested in t

270、his question. The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a m

271、oral dilemma known as the “trolley problem”: Imagine that a runaway trolley is moving quickly toward a group of five people standing on the tracks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can move the trolley to a different set of tracks, therefore sparing the five people, but resulting in the

272、 death of one who is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch?Most people agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this, even though in both situa

273、tions, one person is sacrificed to save five. But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respond

274、ents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinkingone of these, a quick, natural “feel

275、ing,” and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our non-native language signals our cognitive (认知的) system to prepare for difficult act

276、ivity.An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reac

277、tions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood.Theres strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people who are bilingual (双语的) are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the

278、language in which that event occurred. Our childhood languages, learned in the middle of passionate emotion, become filled with deep feeling. By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer

279、screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers.1.What does “this question” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.What contributes to ones language improvements?B.Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language?C.Does the language one uses influ

280、ence ones moral judgments?D.How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a foreign language?2.When the “trolley problem” was presented in a foreign language, volunteers were more likely to.A.care less about the five people B.pull the switch to the side tracksC.remain hesitant about what to do D.sacrifi

281、ce the stranger on the footbridge3.The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to.A.considerationB.guidanceC.selection D.arrangement4.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A.Bilingual people are less emotional than others.B.Native language learning involves greater emotions.C.C

282、hildhood memories limit foreign language learning.D.Academic settings promote foreign language learning.答案1.C2.D3.A4.BPassage 9(2019北京石景山第一学期期末, B) 词数:398Paris is the city of dreams, the city of love. If you are thinking of heading to Paris for a study period, then perhaps a little reality check is

283、in order. But my experience was a romantic one.I paved my path to Paris through an exchange program. On arrival in Paris, I was constantly reminded of the official processes I was required to completeforms to be filled in, meetings to attend, and the list seemed endless. Perhaps it was due to my wel

284、l organizational habit, but somehow this endless list of to-dos was completed in little more than a week.Then the real work began. Once classes were underway, I found myself volunteering to do oral presentations and assignments first, rather than last. This method turned out to be very helpful.Once

285、I had finished class for the week, I had an ever-increasing list of museums to visit, neighborhoods to explore, cafs to sit in, and parks to run around. Read as many books about Paris as you can. Talk to as many locals and other foreigners living there as you can. The one thing that reading a book o

286、r talking to someone cannot do is to provide you with the experience of wandering Paris on foot. I discovered some of my favorite places in Paris by wandering. The people watching, the sounds of the city, the changing colors, they all add to the ecstasy that is experienced in Paris.After spending fi

287、ve months wandering through the charming neighborhoods, I fell in love with the atmosphere that came out from every open door, and with every spoken word. There is something comforting about walking to the market each Sunday to be faced with the beautiful display of fruits, vegetables and dairy prod

288、ucts. There is warmth in saying bonjour to the man across the hall.On my last day in Paris, I confidently said, “Bonjour, Monsieur,” as I passed the little store down the street. I guess no matter how hard I tried I was always going to be an outsider, a tourist. The best part about going on exchange

289、 in Paris is falling in love with the city in your own unique way. Everyones experience of Paris is different. I know mine is unique and special to me, my own little pieces of Paris.1.What does the passage mainly tell us?A.The special working experience in Paris.B.The charming neighborhoods in Paris

290、.C.Living abroad in Paris as a student.D.The stressful study life in Paris.2.What does the underlined word “ecstasy” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Happiness.B.Imagination.C.Courage. D.Reputation.3.Which experience would the author treasure most?A.Enjoying a cup of coffee in his spare time.B.Greetin

291、g people in French in the street.C.Buying vegetables in the market.D.Wandering in Paris on foot.4.According to the passage, what left the author the deepest impression?A.The steps he went through before the exchange program.B.The presentations and assignments he did in class.C.The academic achieveme

292、nt he made in his study.D.The special culture he experienced in the city.答案1.C2.A3.D4.DPassage 10(2019北京海淀二模,D) 词数:457What a Messy Desk Says About YouFor some time, psychologists have been studying how personality traits affect health and health-related choices. Not surprisingly, they have found tha

293、t people blessed with innate conscientiousness, meaning that they are organized and predictable, typically eat better and live longer than people who are disorderly. They also tend to have immaculate offices.What has been less clear is whether neat environments can produce good habits even in those

294、who arent necessarily innately conscientious. To find out, researchers at the University of Minnesota conducted a series of experiments. In the first experiment, they randomly assigned a group of college-age students to spend time in two offices, one of which was very neat, the other wildly cluttere

295、d (乱堆) with papers and other work-related stuff. The students spent their time filling out questionnaires unrelated to the study. After 10 minutes, they were told they could leave with an apple or a chocolate bar. Those students who sat in the orderly office were twice as likely to choose the apple

296、as those who sat among the mess.A second experiment, however, found that working in chaos has its advantages, too. In this one, college students were placed in a messy or a neat office and asked to dream up new uses for Ping-Pong balls. Those in messy spaces generated ideas that were significantly m

297、ore creative, according to two independent judges, than those in offices where stacks of papers and other objects were neatly arranged.“The results were something of a surprise,” says Dr. Vohs, the leader of the study. Few previous studies found much virtue in disorder. The broken window theory, pro

298、posed decades ago, holds that even slight disorder and neglect can encourage indifferent and poor discipline.But in the study by Dr. Vohs, disordered offices encouraged originality and a search for novelty. In the final portion of the study, adults were given the choice of adding a health “boost” to

299、 their lunchtime smoothie that was labeled either “new” or “classic.” The volunteers in the messy space were far more likely to choose the new one;those in the tidy office generally chose the classic version.“Disorderly environments seem to inspire breaking free of tradition,” Dr. Vohs and her co-au

300、thors conclude in the study, “which can produce fresh insights.”The implications of these findings are also practical. “My advice would be, if you need to think outside the box for a future project”, Dr. Vohs says, “then let the clutter rise and free your imagination. But if your primary goal is to

301、eat well or to go to the gym, pick up around your office first. By doing this, the naturally messy people can acquire some of the discipline of the conscientious.” 1.The underlined word “immaculate” in Paragraph 1 probably means .A.messyB.tidyC.terribleD.comfortable2.Which of the following can best

302、explain the broken window theory?A.Chaos begets chaos. B.Misfortune may be an actual blessing.C.Bad news has wings.D.When a door shuts, a window opens.3.Which of the following will Dr. Vohs probably agree with?A.More virtue exists in organized people.B.Creativity results from tidiness and discipline

303、.C.Disorderly surroundings help to create new ideas.D.Workers good habits guarantee the success of a project.4.What can we conclude from the study results?A.The naturally neat people tend to be very creative.B.A messy office will cause quite low working efficiency.C.Environments can affect peoples w

304、ay of thinking and behavior.D.Peoples personalities are determined by their working environments.答案1.B2.A3.C4.CPassage 11(2018北京西城第一学期期末, C) 词数:445In some islands north of Scotland, head lice, which live on the hair or skin of people or animals, were a part of life. If the lice left their host, he b

305、ecame sick and feverish. Therefore, sick people had lice put in their hair intentionally. There was a method to their madness:As soon as the lice had settled in again, the patient improved.The story explains the confusion of cause and effect. If the lice leave the sick, it is because he has a fever

306、and they simply get hot feet. When the fever breaks, they return. We may laugh at this story, but false causality misleads us practically every day. Consider the headline:“Fact:Women Who Use Shampoo XYZ Every Day Have Stronger Hair”. This statement says very littleleast of all, that the shampoo make

307、s your hair stronger. It might simply be the other way round:Women with strong hair tend to use Shampoo XYZand perhaps thats because it says “especially for thick hair” on the bottle. A further example:Scientists found that long periods in the hospital did harm to patients. This was music to health

308、insurers ears, who, of course, are keen to make stays as brief as possible. But, clearly, patients who are dismissed immediately are healthier than those who must stay on for treatment. Recently I read that students get better grades at school if their homes contain a lot of books. This study was su

309、rely a shot in the arm for booksellers, but it is also an example of false causality. This simple truth is that educated parents tend to value their childrens education more than uneducated ones do. Plus, educated parents often have more books at home. In short, a dust-covered copy of War and Peace

310、alone isnt going to influence anyones grades;what counts is parents education levels, as well as their genes.Another example of false causality was the supposed relationship between the birth rate and the numbers of stork (鹳) pairs in Germany. Both were in decline, and if you plot them on a graph, t

311、he two lines of development from 1965 to 1987 appeared almost the same. Does this mean the stork actually does bring babies?Obviously not, since this was a purely accidental connection. In conclusion, connections are not causality. Take a closer look at linked events:Sometimes what is presented as t

312、he cause turns out to be the effect, or just the other way round. And sometimes there is no link at alljust like with the storks and babies. 1.Which is an example of false causality?A.Women with strong hair tend to use a certain shampoo.B.Birth rate and the stork population are connected.C.Longer pe

313、riods in the hospital benefit patients.D.Lice can make a person sick and feverish.2.The underlined phrase “a shot in the arm” in Paragraph 4 means. A.painB.defeatC.guidance D.encouragement3.According to the author, students get better grades probably because. A.their homes are full of booksB.they ha

314、ve read War and PeaceC.their educated parents value educationD.their parents are successful booksellers4.It can be concluded from the passage that. A.connections are pure accidentsB.cause and effect are interdependentC.connections are mostly cause and effectD.linked events may turn out to be unrelat

315、ed答案1.B2.D3.C4.DPassage 12 (2018北京海淀一模, C) 词数:500The Life Cycle of a T-shirtWe all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet?Youd probably be surprised to learn whats involved in the life cycle of just one T-shirt. There are 5 majo

316、r stages:material, production, shipping, use and disposal(处理). The material stage involves farming, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and ginning. While cotton is a natural fiber and not as harmful to the environment as man-made fibers, it still takes a toll in the material and production stages.

317、Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides(杀虫剂) is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming. Studies have shown that farmers spend around $4.1 billion on pesticides annually, of which 25% was spent on cotton crops in the US.Once the cotton is g

318、rown and harvested, so begins the production stage:spinning, knitting, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc.these processes also use a great deal of water and energy. Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.After the T-shirt is produced, it enter

319、s the transportation stage. This often involves overseas shipping. Take a look at your closet. Chances are most of your cotton garments(衣服) are made in China or India. Garments can be shipped via plane, ship or truck,etc.all of which spill CO2 into the atmosphere. Calculations show that CO2 emission

320、s from light trucks alone amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.Once the T-shirt reaches the retail market, it is purchased.This stage may seem like the least environmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times youve washed and dried your favorite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becomin

321、g more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.The final stage of life is disposal. This releases harmful emissions, or involve

322、s a landfill where cotton takes years to break down. Current U.S. records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfills.We all need new clothes every once in a while, but lets all try to keep in mind what

323、goes into the production of clothing. it has a real impact on the planet.There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycle clothes. If theyre too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organization that recycles

324、 textiles. When possible, make an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat (恒温器) on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather allows it. 1.The underlined phrase “takes a toll” probably means “”.A.wastes waterB.takes a lot of timeC.uses energy D.has a bad effect 2.We can l

325、earn from the passage that in the US,.A.pesticides in cotton farming cost over 4 billion dollars every yearB.CO2 emissions of land transport amount to 1.15 pounds per mileC.about 15% of the clothes and shoes are made of materials that are recycled D.about 16,000 gallons of water is used annually by

326、an average family on laundry3.What can we know from this passage?A.The production process may affect water safety.B.The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India.C.Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down.D.The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five

327、stages.4.What is the purpose of this article?A.To encourage people to donate clothes to charity.B.To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes.C.To persuade people to purchase more organic cotton.D.To introduce the five stages in the life cycle of clothing.答案1.D2.D3.A4.BPassage 13(2018北京西城二模,

328、C) 词数:384British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham, after studying the results of boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling matches at the Olympic Games, conclude that when two competitors are equally matched in fitness and skill, the

329、 athlete wearing red is more likely to win. Hill and Barton report that when one competitor is much better than the other, colour has no effect on the result. However, when there is only a small difference between them, the effect of colour is enough to tip the balance. The anthropologists say that

330、the number of times red wins is not simply by chance. These results are statistically significant. Joanna Setchell, a primate (灵长目动物) researcher at the University of Cambridge, has found similar results in nature. She studies the large African monkeys known as mandrills. Mandrills have bright red no

331、ses that stand out against their white faces. Setchells work shows that the powerful malesthe ones who are more successful with femaleshave a brighter red nose than other males. As well as the studies on primates by Setchell, another study shows the effect of red among birds. In an experiment, scien

332、tists put red plastic rings on the legs of male zebra finches and this increased the birds success with female zebra finches. Zebra finches already have bright red beaks (鸟喙), so this study suggests that, as with Olympic athletes, an extra flash of red is significant. In fact, researchers from the U

333、niversity of Glasgow say that the birds brightly coloured beaks are an indicator of health. Jonathan Blount, a biologist, and his colleagues think they have found proof that bright red or orange beaks attract females because they mean that the males are healthier. Nothing in nature is simple, howeve

334、r, because in species such as the blue-footed booby, a completely different colour seems to give the male birds the same advantage with females. Meanwhile, what about those athletes who win in their events while wearing red?Do their clothes give them an unintentional advantage?Robert Barton accepts

335、that “that is the implication” of their findings. Is it time for sports authorities to consider new regulations on sports clothing?1.According to their research, Hill and Barton conclude that. A.the colour of clothing has an effect on most sports eventsB.red should be the choice of colour for clothi

336、ng in sportsC.red plays a role when competitors are equally capableD.athletes perform better when surrounded by bright red2.The underlined word “tip” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to. A.achieveB.seekC.keepD.change3.The example of the blue-footed booby proves that. A.male birds use different b

337、ody parts to draw attentionB.red is not the only colour to attract female birdsC.blue gives female birds the same advantageD.blue can indicate how healthy a bird is4.What is the best title for the passage?A.What Colour Implies More Power?B.A Tip on Clothing C.Need to Change the Rules in Sports?D.Red

338、 Is for Winners答案1.C2.D3.B4.DPassage 14 (2018北京朝阳第一学期期中, D) 词数:461CyclingYou need only look at a professional cyclist to appreciate the potential effects of cycling on the body. But what about the mind?Its a question that has long challenged anyone who has wondered how riding a bike can offer what f

339、eels close to a state of emptying your mind.Dr. John Ratey thinks cycling increases “the chemistry in your brain that makes you feel calm”, but also that carrying out multiple operations while cycling can be an effective treatment, as shown in a German study involving 115 children, half of whom did

340、activities such as cycling that involved complex movements, while the rest performed more straightforward exercises with the same aerobic (有氧的) demands. Both groups did better than they previously had in concentration tests, but the “complex” group did a lot better.There have been other interesting

341、findings too. In 2003, Dr. Jay Alberts rode a tandem, a bicycle built for two riders sitting one behind the other, across the American state of Ohio with a friend who has Parkinsons disease (帕金森病), a condition affecting the nervous system. The idea was to raise awareness of the disease, but to the s

342、urprise of both riders, the patient showed significant improvements. Dr. Jay Alberts then scanned the brains of 26 Parkinsons patients during and after an eight-week exercise programme using bikes. Half the patients were allowed to ride at their own paces, while the others were pushed harder. All pa

343、tients improved, and the group which was pushed harder showed particularly significant increases in connectivity between areas of intelligence responsible for functions such as walking and picking things up.We dont know how this happens, but there is more evidence of the link between Parkinsons and

344、cycling. A video on the Internet shows a 58-year-old man with severe Parkinsons. At first, we watch the patient trying to walk. He can barely stand and his hands shake uncontrollably. Then we see the man on a bicycle being supported by others. With a push, hes off, cycling past cars with perfect bal

345、ance. Doctors dont fully understand this discrepancy either, but say that cycling may act as some sort of action that helped the patients brain.The science of cycling is incomplete, but perhaps the most remarkable thing for the everyday rider is that it can require no conscious focus at all. The min

346、dlessness of cycling can not only make us happier, but also leave room for other thoughts. On the seat of my bike, Ive solved problems at work and made life decisions.1.What does the study described in Paragraph 2 suggest?A.Cycling has a good effect on physical fitness.B.The tasks involved in cyclin

347、g can be hard for children.C.Lack of exercise like cycling causes lack of concentration.D.Cycling can improve the ability to focus attention on a task.2.Studies of people with Parkinsons show that.A.cycling does more good if sufferers put more effort into itB.cycling on tandems has a better effect o

348、n the diseaseC.not every person with Parkinsons will benefit from cyclingD.social awareness is more important for Parkinsons sufferers3.What does the underlined part “this discrepancy” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A.Why Parkinsons affects some people but not others.B.Why someone with Parkinsons can cycle

349、 but not walk.C.How cycling could be included in treatment for Parkinsons.D.How a link between cycling and Parkinsons was discovered.4.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.The effect of cycling is not yet fully understood.B.Cycling is believed to be both complex and mindless.C.Cycling has a signific

350、ant influence on peoples mind.D.People may be more intelligent with the help of cycling.答案1.D2.A3.B4.C【历年高考试题汇编】Passage 1(2013北京,A)EP Portable HeaterWe all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget.Now millions of people are saving on their

351、 heating bills with the EP portable heater.With over one million satisfied customers around the world,the new EP heats better and faster,saves more on heating bills,and runs almost silent.The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire.The outside of the EP only gets warm to the touch so t

352、hat it will not burn children or pets.The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room.With other heaters,youll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.The advanced EP also heats the room evenly,wall to wall and floor to ceiling.It comfortably covers an area up

353、to 350 square feet.Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room.And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater.With the EP,the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.The EP comes with a 3-year warranty(保修)and a 60-day,no questions

354、 asked,satisfaction guarantee.If you are not totally satisfied,return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.Now we have a special offer for 10 days,during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.If you order after that,we reserve the right to either accept

355、or reject order requests at the discounted price.Take action right now!1.What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?A.The heat of the EP.B.The safety of the EP.C.The appearance of the EP.D.The material of the EP.2.From the passage, we can learn that the EP.A.doesnt burn up oxygenB.runs without any nois

356、eC.makes people get sleepyD.is unsuitable for children and pets3.The underlined word “evenly”in Paragraph 4 probably means.A.continuouslyB.separatelyC.quicklyD.equally4.The main purpose of the passage is to.A.persuade people to buy the productB.advise people to save on heating billsC.report the new

357、development of portable heatersD.compare the functions of different heater brands答案1.B2.A3.D4.APassage 2(2013北京,B)Tail SpinTwo dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park.The smaller dolphin,Grace,shows off a few of her tricks,turning around and waving hello to the crowd.The most amazing th

358、ing about her,however,is that shes even swimming at all.She doesnt have a tail.Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005,she was fighting for her life.“Is she going to make it?”Her trainer,Abbey Stone,feared the wo

359、rst.Grace did make itbut her tail didnt.She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.Over the past six years,she has learned to swim without her tail.Dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down.Grace taught herself to move another waylike a fish!She pushes hers

360、elf forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.The movements put harmful pressure on Graces backbone.So a company offered to create a man-made tail for her.The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldnt hurt her.The first time Gr

361、ace wore the artificial tail,she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool.Now,she is still learning to use the tail.Some days she wears it for an hour at a time,others not at all.“The new tail isnt necessary for her to feel comfortable,”says Stone,“but it helps to keep that range

362、of motion(动作)and build muscles(肌肉).”Now,the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending.This month,Grace will star in Dolphin Tale,a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery.Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie.Many people travel from near and far to meet her.Seeing Grace swim

363、 with her man-made tail gives people so much courage.1.When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her.A.physical buildB.potential abilityC.chance of survivalD.adaptation to the surroundings2.A man-made tail is created for Grace to.A.let her recover fasterB.make her comfort

364、ableC.adjust her way of swimmingD.help her perform better tricks3.The story of Grace inspires people to.A.stick to their dreamsB.treat animals friendlyC.treasure what they haveD.face difficulties bravely答案1.C2.C3.DPassage 3(2013北京,C)Does Fame Drive You Crazy?Although being famous might sound like a

365、dream come true,todays stars,feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the worlds attention.Paparazzi(狗仔队)camp outside their homes,cameras ready.Tabloids(小报)publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine not being able to

366、do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!According to psychologist Christina Villarreal,celebritiesfamous peopleworry constantly about their public appearance.Eventually,they start to lose track of who they really are,seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them,not

367、 as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time,”Villarreal says,“they feel separated and alone.”The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4th century B.C.,painters followed Alexander the Great into battle,hoping to picture his victories for his admi

368、rers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century,his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans,leading him to complain(抱怨)about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.Being a public

369、figure today,however,is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.When they say something silly or do something ridiculous,there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story”alive foreve

370、r.If fame is so troublesome,why arent all celebrities running away from it?The answer is there are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.They focus not on how famous they are but

371、on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still,even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.1.It can be learned from the passage that stars to

372、day.A.are often misunderstood by the publicB.can no longer have their privacy protectedC.spend too much on their public appearanceD.care little about how they have come into fame2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?A.Great heroes of the past were generally admired.B.The problem faced by celebritie

373、s has a long history.C.Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.D.Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.3.What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?A.Availability of modern media.B.Inadequate social recognition.C.Lack of favorable chances.D.Huge population of fans.4.W

374、hat is the authors attitude toward modern celebrities?A.Sincere. B.Sceptical.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.答案1.B2.B3.A4.DPassage 4(2013北京,D)MultitaskingPeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once,a new research suggests.The findings,based on performances and self-ev

375、aluations by about 275 college students,indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity,but because they are easily distracted(分心)and cant focus on one activity.And“those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things,”said David Sanbonmatsu,a psycholog

376、ist at the University of Utah.Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked,how good they thought they were at it,and how sensation-seeking(寻求刺激)or impulsive(冲动)they were.They then evaluated the participants multitasking ability w

377、ith a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.Not surprisingly,the scientists said,most people thought they were better than average at multitasking,and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report

378、 using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once.But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test.They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior,which connects w

379、ith how easily people get bored and distracted.“People multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity,but because theyre distractible,and they get sucked into things that are not as important,”Sanbonmatsu said.Adam Gazzaley,a researcher at the University of California,San Francisco,

380、who was not a member of the research group,said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.The findings do suggest,however,wh

381、y the sensation-seekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving.“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations,”said Paul Atchley,another researcher not in the group.“This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though theyre dan

382、gerous.”1.The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask.A.seek high productivity constantlyB.prefer handling different things when getting boredC.are more focused when doing many things at a timeD.have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time2.When Sanbonmat

383、su and his colleagues conducted their research, they.A.assessed the multitasking ability of the studentsB.evaluated the academic achievements of the studentsC.analyzed the effects of the participants tricky mental tasksD.measured the changes of the students understanding ability3.According to Sanbon

384、matsu, people multitask because of their.A.limited power in calculationB.interests in doing things differentlyC.inability to concentrate on one taskD.impulsive desire to try new things4.From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually.A.drive very skillfullyB.go in for difficult tasks

385、C.fail to react quickly to potential dangersD.refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior答案1.D2.A3.C4.CPassage 5(2013福建,A)When I was 12,all I wanted was a signet(图章)ring.They were the “in” thing and it seemed every girl except me had one.On my 13th birthday,my Mum gave me a signet ring with my

386、initials(姓名首字母)carved into it.I was in heaven.What made it even more special was that it was about the only thing that wasnt being “replaced”.Wed been burnt out in fires that swept through our area earlier that year and had lost everythingso most of the“new”stuff(东西)we got was really just to replace

387、 what wed lost.But not my ring.My ring was new.Then,only one month later,I lost it.I took it off before bed and it was missing in the morning.I was sad and searched everywhere for it.But it seemed to have disappeared.Eventually,I gave up and stopped looking for it.And two years later,we sold the hou

388、se and moved away.Years passed,and a couple of moves later,I was visiting my parents when Mum told me that she had something for me.It wasnt my birthday,nor was it Easter or Christmas or any other gift-giving occasion.Mum noticed my questioning look.“Youll recognize this one,”she said,smiling.Then s

389、he handed me a small ring box.I took it from her and opened it to find my beautiful signet right inside.The family who had bought our house 13 years earlier had recently decided to do some redecorations,which included replacing the carpets.When they pulled the carpet up in my old bedroom,they found

390、the ring.As it had my initials carved into it,they realized who owned the ring.Theyd had it professionally cleaned up by a jeweler before sending it to my mother.And it still fits me.1.The underlined word “in” in the first paragraph probably means “”.A.fashionableB.availableC.practicalD.renewable2.W

391、hen she got the ring back, the writer was about.A.13 years oldB.15 years oldC.26 years oldD.28 years old3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The writers family moved several times.B.The writer never stopped looking for her ring.C.The writers ring was cleaned up by the new hous

392、e owner.D.The writer lost her ring in the morning when she took it off.4.What would be the best title for the passage?A.My New Ring B.Lost and FoundC.Lost and ReplacedD.An Expensive Ring答案1.A2.D3.A4.BPassage 6(2013福建,B)Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone,and some New Yorkers are ready f

393、or the switch.Some in the city cant wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.“Id use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a.m.and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open,”said Walter Choo,40,of Fort Greene.The smartphone-like glasse

394、s will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600,the Times said,possibly including a variation of augmented(增强的)reality,a technology already available on smartphones and tablets(平板电脑)that overlays information onto the screen about ones surroundings.So,for example,if you were walking d

395、own a street,indicators would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.“As far as a mainstream consumer product,this just isnt something anybody needs,”said Sam Biddle,who writes for G.“Were accustomed to h

396、aving one thing in our pocket to do all these things,”he added,“and the average consumer isnt gonna be able to afford another device(装置)thats hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub,who has been reporting on the smartphone-like glasses since late last year,said he is co

397、nfident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.“Its just like smartphones 10 years ago,”Weintraub said.“A few people started getting emails on their phones,and people thought that was crazy.Same kind of thing.We see people bending their heads to look at their s

398、martphones,and its unnatural,”he said.“Theres gonna be improvements to that,and this a step there.”1.One of the possible functions of the smartphone-like glasses is to.A.program the opening hours of a barB.supply you with a picture of the futureC.provide information about your surroundingsD.update t

399、he maps and GPS in your smartphones2.The underlined phrase“pop up”in the third paragraph probably means“”.A.develop rapidlyB.get round quicklyC.appear immediatelyD.go over automatically3.According to Sam Biddle, the smartphone-like glasses are.A.necessary for teenagers B.attractive to New YorkersC.a

400、vailable to people worldwide D.expensive for average consumers4.We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphone-like glasses.A.may have a potential marketB.are as common as smartphonesC.are popular among young adultsD.will be improved by a new technology答案1.C2.C3.D4.APassage 7(2013湖北,A

401、)Some years ago,writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the days events,feelings,and impressions in my little blue diary.I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words,but I gained a certain satisfaction from

402、 seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper.After all,isnt accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?When I was thirteen years old,I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley,well-equipped with pens,a diary,and a camera.During the trip,I was busy recording every incident,name an

403、d place I came across.I felt proud to be spending my time productively,dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels.On my last night there,I wandered out of my tent,diary in hand.The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon,and the walls of the valley looked

404、 threatening behind their screen of shadows.I automatically took out my pen.At that point,I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characteriz

405、ations I had set down in my diary.Now,I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books,or observations that are particularly meaningful.I take pictures,but not very oftenonly of objects I find really b

406、eautiful.Im no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old.I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera,busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.I dont want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes

407、.Maybe I wont have as many exact representations of people and places;maybe Ill forget certain facts,but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.I dont live to make memoriesI just live,and the memories form themselves.1.Before the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as

408、 a way of.A.observing her school routineB.expressing her satisfactionC.impressing her classmatesD.preserving her history2.What caused a change in the authors understanding of keeping a diary?A.A dull night on the journey.B.The beauty of the great valley.C.A striking quotation from a book.D.Her conce

409、rns for future generations.3.What does the author put in her diary now?A.Notes and beautiful pictures.B.Special thoughts and feelings.C.Detailed accounts of daily activities.D.Descriptions of unforgettable events.4.The author comes to realize that to live a meaningful life is.A.to experience itB.to

410、live the present in the futureC.to make memoriesD.to give accurate representations of it答案1.D2.B3.B4.APassage 8(2013湖北,B)Mothers and daughters go through so muchyet when was the last time a mother and daughter sat down to write a book together about it all?Perri Klass and her mother,Sheila Solomon K

411、lass,both gifted professional writers,prove to be ideal co-writers as they examine their decades of motherhood,daughterhood,and the wonderful ways their lives have overlapped(重叠).Perri notes with amazement how closely her own life has mirrored her mothers:both have full-time careers;both have publis

412、hed books,articles,and stories;each has three children;they both love to read.They also love to travelin fact,they often take trips together.But in truth,the harder they look at their lives,the more they acknowledge their big differences in circumstance and basic nature.A child of the Depression(大萧条

413、),Sheila was raised in Brooklyn by parents who considered education a luxury for girls.Starting with her college education,she has fought for everything shes ever accomplished.Perri,on the other hand,grew up privileged in the New Jersey suburbs of the 1960s and 1970s.For Sheila,wasting time or money

414、 is a crime,and luxury is unthinkable while Perri enjoys the occasional small luxury,but has not been successful at trying to persuade her mother into enjoying even the tiniest thing she likes.Each writing in her own unmistakable voice,Perri and Sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains,the lov

415、e and bitterness,the minor troubles and lasting respect that have always bonded them together.Sheila describes the adventure of giving birth to Perri in a tiny town in Trinidad where her husband was doing research fieldwork.Perri admits that she cant sort out all the mess in the households,even thou

416、gh she knows it drives her mother crazy.Together they compare thoughts on bringing up children and working,admit long-hidden sorrows,and enjoy precious memories.Looking deep into the lives they have lived separately and together,Perri and Sheila tell their mother-daughter story with honesty,humor,en

417、thusiasm,and admiration for each other.A written account in two voices,Every Mother Is a Daughter is a duet(二重奏)that produces a deep,strong sound with the experiences that all mothers and daughters will recognize.1.Why does Perri think that her own life has mirrored her mothers?A.They both have gone

418、 through difficult times.B.They have strong emotional ties with each other.C.They have the same joys and pains,and love and bitterness.D.They both have experiences as daughter,mother and writer.2.The word“luxury”in Paragraph 3 means.A.something rare but not pleasantB.something that cannot be imagine

419、dC.something expensive but not necessaryD.something that can only be enjoyed by boys3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A.The content of the book.B.The purpose of the book.C.The influence of the book.D.The writing style of the book.4.How are womens lives explored in this book?A.In a musical form.B.Th

420、rough field research.C.With unique writing skills.D.From different points of view.答案1.D2.C3.A4.DPassage 9(2013湖北,C)Weve reached a strangesome would say unusualpoint.While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organizat

421、ion(WHO),more people now die from being overweight,or say,from being extremely fat,than from being underweight.Its the good life thats more likely to kill us these days.Worse,nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight.Whats going on?We really don

422、t have many excuses for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting throughup to a point.In the 1970s,Finland,for example,had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main

423、 cause.Not any more.A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005,and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat in

424、side and change the shape of the body.That has become a sort of fashion.No wonder it ranks as the worlds most body-conscious country.We know what we should be doing to lose weightbut actually doing it is another matter.By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise.More than half of us

425、 admit we lack willpower.Others blame good food.They say:its just too inviting and it makes them overeat.Still others lay the blame on the Americans,complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much American-style fast food.Some also blame their parentstheir genes.But unfortunately,the

426、 parents are wronged because theyre normal in shape,or rather slim.Its a similar story around the world,although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight.Parents are eager to see their kids shape up.Do as I saynot as I do.1.What is the“strange”point mentioned in the first sentence

427、?A.The good life is a greater risk than the bad life.B.Starvation is taking more peoples lives in the world.C.WHO report shows peoples unawareness of food safety.D.Overweight issue remains unresolved despite WHOs efforts.2.Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight?A.A

428、 lot of effective diet pills are available.B.Body image has nothing to do with good food.C.They have been made fully aware of its dangers.D.There are too many overweight people in the world.3.The example of Finland is used to illustrate.A.the cause of heart diseaseB.the fashion of body shapingC.the

429、effectiveness of a campaignD.the history of a body-conscious country4.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.Actions or Excuses?B.Overweight or Underweight?C.WHO in a DilemmaD.No Longer Dying of Hunger答案1.A2.C3.C4.APassage 10(2013湖北,D)The technology is great.Without it we wouldnt have been

430、able to put a man on the moon,explore the oceans depths or eat microwave sausages.Computers have revolutionized our lives and they have the power to educate and pass on knowledge.But sometimes this power can create more problems than it solves.Every doctor has had to try their best to calm down pati

431、ents whove come into their surgery waving an Internet print-out,convinced that they have some rare incurable disease,say,throat cancer.The truth is usually far more ordinary,though:they dont have throat cancer,and its just that their throats are swollen.Being a graduate of the Internet “school” of m

432、edicine does not guarantee accurate self-health-checks.One day Mrs.Almond came to my hospital after feeling faint at work.While I took her blood sample and tried to find out what was wrong,she said calmly,“I know whats wrong;Ive got throat cancer.I know theres nothing you doctors can do about it and

433、 Ive just got to wait until the day comes.”As a matter of routine I ordered a chest X-ray.I looked at it and the blood results an hour later.Something wasnt right.“Did your local doctor do an X-ray?”I asked.“Oh,I havent been to the doctor for years,”she replied.“I read about it on a website and the

434、symptoms fitted,so I knew thats what I had.”However,some of her symptoms,like the severe cough and weight loss,didnt fit with itbut shed just ignored this.I looked at the X-ray again,and more tests confirmed it wasnt the cancer but tuberculosis(肺结核)something that most certainly did need treating,and

435、 could be deadly.She was lucky we caught it when we did.Mrs.Almond went pale when I explained she would have to be on treatment for the next six months to ensure that she was fully recovered.It was certainly a lesson for her.“Im so embarrassed,”she said,shaking her head,as I explained that all the p

436、eople she had come into close contact with would have to be found out and tested.She listed up to about 20,and then I went to my office to type up my notes.Unexpectedly,the computer was not working,so I had to wait until someone from the IT department came to fix it.Typical.Maybe I should have a mic

437、rowave sausage while I waited?1.Mrs.Almond talked about her illness calmly because.A.she thought she knew it wellB.she had purchased medicine onlineC.she graduated from a medical schoolD.she had been treated by local doctors2.It was lucky for Mrs. Almond.A.to have contacted many friendsB.to have rec

438、overed in a short timeC.to have her assumption confirmedD.to have her disease identified in time3.Mrs.Almond said “Im so embarrassed” (Para.7)because.A.she had distrusted her close friendsB.she had caused unnecessary troubleC.she had to refuse the doctors adviceD.she had to tell the truth to the doc

439、tor4.By mentioning the breakdown of the computer, the author probably wants to prove.A.its a must to take a break at workB.its vital to believe in IT professionalsC.its unwise to simply rely on technologyD.its a danger to work long hours on computers答案1.A2.D3.B4.CPassage 11(2013湖北,E)A German study s

440、uggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.The paper,published this March in Psychology and Aging,examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000

441、 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents(受访者)were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10,among other questions.The researchers found that young adults(age 18 to 39)routinely overestimated th

442、eir future life satisfaction,while middle-aged adults(age 40 to 64)more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older,however,were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would,the ol

443、der pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio(比率)of disability and death for the study period.“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,”wrote Fr

444、ieder R.Lang,a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual

445、self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施),”the authors wrote.Surprisingly,compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes,respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also,the researchers said that higher income was relat

446、ed to a greater risk of disability.The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness,medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.However,the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood,individua

447、ls adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic,to accurate,to pessimistic,”the authors concluded.1.According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?A.Optimistic adults. B.Middle-aged adults.C.Adults in poor health.D.Adults of lo

448、wer income.2.Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people.A.to fully enjoy their present lifeB.to estimate their contribution accuratelyC.to take measures against potential risksD.to value health more highly than wealth3.How do people of higher income see their future?A.They will e

449、arn less money.B.They will become pessimistic.C.They will suffer mental illness.D.They will have less time to enjoy life.4.What is the clear conclusion of the study?A.Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.B.Good financial condition leads to good health.C.Medical treatment determines health outcom

450、es.D.Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.答案1.B2.C3.A4.DPassage 12(2013江苏,B)Weve considered several ways of paying to cut in line:hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. E

451、ach of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service).Markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First com

452、e, first served”have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that

453、 comes along,simply because its the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait o

454、n hold when calling your bank:“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.Its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.But dont take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some peoples calls are answered

455、 faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to “score”incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by meri

456、t, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusem

457、ent parks, in call centers, doctors offices, and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern,but these are not the only places that markets have entered.1.According to the author, which of t

458、he following seems governed by the principle“First come,first served”?A.Taking buses. B.Buying houses.C.Flying with an airline.D.Visiting amusement parks.2.The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates.A.the necessity of patience in queuingB.the advantage of modern technology

459、C.the uncertainty of allocation principleD.the fairness of telephonic services3.The passage is meant to.A.justify paying for faster servicesB.discuss the morals of allocating thingsC.analyze the reason for standing in lineD.criticize the behavior of queue jumping答案1.A2.C3.BPassage 13(2013江苏,C)If a d

460、iver surfaces too quickly,he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence,if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint,is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain,the consequence c

461、an be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression(减压)sickness if they surface too fast:whales,for example.And so,long ago,did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its b

462、lood supply.This kills the cells in the bone,and consequently weakens it,sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石)bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyos

463、aur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.To this end,he and his colleagues traveled the worlds natural-history museums,looking at hundreds of ich

464、thyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started,he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils,reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead,he was astonished to discover the opposite.More

465、 than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died,but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means,they clearly did so quicklyand,most strangely,they lost it afterwards.But that

466、 is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator(捕食动物)such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks

467、and crocodiles,both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans,by contrast,were mercifully shark-and crocodile-free.In the Triassic,then,ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous,they were prey(猎物)as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a

468、 result.1.Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A.A twisted body.B.A gradual decrease in blood supply.C.A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D.A drop in blood pressure.2.The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see.A.how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB.how ichthyosaurs adapted

469、 to decompressionC.why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD.when ichthyosaurs broke their bones3.Rothschilds finding stated in Paragraph 4.A.confirmed his assumptionB.speeded up his research processC.disagreed with his assumptionD.changed his research objectives4.Rothschild might have concluded that icht

470、hyosaurs.A.failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB.gradually developed measures against the bendsC.died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD.evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it答案1.A2.B3.C4.APassage 14(2013辽宁,A)China is a land of bicycles.At least it was back in 1992 whe

471、n I traveled the country.Back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle.Millions of them,all black.Cars were rare.Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year,Ive found the opposite is true.There are millions of cars.However,people still use their bicycles to get around.For many,its the easiest and c

472、heapest way to travel today.Bicycles also come in different colorssilver,green,red,blue,yellow,whatever you want.Its fun watching people biking.They rush quickly through crossroads,move skillfully through traffic,and ride even on sidewalks(人行道).Bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that ca

473、rs just cant provide.Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture,I decided to buy a bicycle.Great weather accompanied my great buy.I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.My first ride home was orderly(守秩序的).To be safe,I stayed with a “pack”of bikers while cars on the stre

474、ets came running swiftly out of nowhere at times.I didnt want to get hit.So I took the ride carefully.Crossing the streets was the biggest problem.It was a lot like crossing a major highway back in the United States.The streets here were wide,so crossing took time,skill and a little bit of luck.I fi

475、nally made it home.The feeling on the bicycle was amazing.The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful.I was sitting on top of the world as I passed by places and people.Biking made me feel alive.1.According to the author, why are bicycles still popular in China today?A.Because th

476、ey are traditional and safe.B.Because they are convenient and inexpensive.C.Because they are colorful and available.D.Because they are fast and environment friendly.2.The author decided to buy a bicycle because he intended.A.to ride it for funB.to use it for transportC.to experience local cultureD.t

477、o improve his riding skills3.How did the author feel about his street crossing?A.It was boring.B.It was difficult.C.It was lively.D.It was wonderful.4.Which of the following best describes the authors biking experience?A.The author enjoyed showing off his biking skills.B.The author was annoyed by th

478、e air while riding.C.The author was praised by the other bikers.D.The author took great pleasure in biking.答案1.B2.C3.B4.DPassage 15(2013辽宁,B)Going green seems to be a fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good or bad,we cant really say,but for the two of us,going green is not a fad b

479、ut a lifestyle.On April 22,2011,we decided to go green every single day for an entire year.This meant doing 365 different green things,and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our energy,we had to think of 365 different green things to

480、 do and this was no easy task.With the idea of going green every single day for a year,Our Green Year started.My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment.We wanted

481、to push the message that every little bit helps.Over the course of Our Green Year,we completely changed our lifestyles.We now shop at organic(有机的)stores.We consume less meat,choosing green food.We have greatly reduced our buying we dont need.We have given away half of what we owned through websites.

482、Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice,with no chemical cleaners.We make our own butter,enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.We are grateful for the chance to ha

483、ve been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.1.What might be the best title for the passage?A.Going GreenB.Protecting the PlanetC.Keeping Open-MindedD.Celebrating Our Green Year2.It was difficult for the couple to live a green

484、life for the whole year because.A.they were expected to follow the green fadB.they didnt know how to educate other peopleC.they were unwilling to reduce their energyD.they needed to perform unusual green tasks3.What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?A.They tried to get out of their

485、 ungreen habits.B.They ignored others ungreen behavior.C.They chose better chemical cleaners.D.They sold their home-made food.4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The government will give support to the green project.B.The couple may continue their project in the future.C.Some people disagr

486、ee with the couples green ideas.D.Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.答案1.A2.D3.A4.BPassage 16(2013辽宁,C)Here is an astonishing and significant fact:Mental work alone cant make us tired.It sounds absurd.But a few years ago,scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor w

487、ithout reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳).To the amazement of these scientists,they discovered that blood passing through the brain,when it is active,shows no fatigue at all!If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer,we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素)and fatigue products.But if we took bloo

488、d from the brain of an Albert Einstein,it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.So far as the brain is concerned,it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.The brain is totally tireless.So what makes us tired?Some scientists de

489、clare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的)attitudes.One of Englands most outstanding scientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.In fact,fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.”Dr.Brill,a famous American scien

490、tist,goes even further.He declares,“One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired?Joy?Satisfaction?No!A feeling of being bored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,a feeling of not being appreciatedthose

491、 are the emotions that tire sitting workers.Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.1.What surprised the scientists a few years ago?A.Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborers blood.B.Albert Einstein didnt feel worn out aft

492、er a days work.C.The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.D.A mental workers blood was filled with fatigue toxins.2.According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?A.Challenging mental work.B.Unpleasant emotions.C.Endless tasks. D.Physical labor.3.Whats the

493、authors attitude towards the scientists ideas?A.He agrees with them. B.He doubts them.C.He argues against them. D.He hesitates to accept them.4.We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic,sitting workers need to.A.have some good food B.enjoy their workC.exercise regularly D.discove

494、r fatigue toxins答案1.C2.B3.A4.BPassage 17(2013辽宁,D)“Indeed,”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785,“some kind of fly,or bug,had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.”But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that,Englishmen had been referring to insects as

495、bugs for more than a century,and Americans had already created lightning-bug(萤火虫).But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language,leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The American bug could also be a person,referring to someone

496、who was crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term,sports fans used to be called racing bugs,baseball bugs,and the like.Or the bug could be a small machine or object,for example,a bug-shaped car.The bug could also be a burglar alarm,from which comes the expression to bug,th

497、at is,“to install(安装)an alarm”.Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others conversations.Since the 1840s,to bug has long meant “to cheat”,and since the 1940s it has been annoying.We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That me

498、aning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as“little problems and difficulties”that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discoveringa bugin his invented

499、record player.”1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that.A.Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bugB.George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bugC.the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth centuryD.both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in t

500、he eighteenth century2.What does the word“flaw”in the last paragraph probably mean?A.Explanation.B.Finding.C.Origin. D.Fault.3.The passage is mainly concerned with.A.the misunderstanding of the word bugB.the development of the word bugC.the public views of the word bugD.the special characteristics o

501、f the word bug答案1.D2.D3.BPassage 18(2013陕西,A)Joshua,Helmut,and BethlehemMichelle O. DonovanISBN 9781462058679Life is not easy for nine-year-old Joshua during World War II.Because of his familys Jewish background, they are sent to live in the concentration camps(集中营). Scared and alone, Joshua one day

502、 makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend.More Things in HeavenBill BosworthISBN 9780595433582In his More Things in Heaven, Bill Bosworth presents the highlights of his 83 years of life, including his trips to India and the study of the writings of several

503、great spiritual leaders.More Things in Heaven will appeal to anyone who insists on finding the deepest meaning for their existence based on their own experiences.Encourage Me!Inspirational PoetryGloria CoykendallISBN 9781412027854It is an easy-to-read collection of poems originally written to encour

504、age in faith and to be a cure for chronic depression(长期抑郁).cure to strengthen identity and purpose.Creation or EvolutionMichael EbifeghaISBN 9781450289023Were humans created, or did they evolve? How old is the Earth? The debate between science and religion continues to be heated. In Creation or Evol

505、ution, Michael Ebifegha examines these two opposed world views within the structure of empirical(实证的)science.Seeking the EdgeDr.Joseph I.RoseISBN 9781462031795Seeking the Edge provides the tools and techniques to find that edge in ones lifedriving readers to achieve success whether in your current j

506、ob, finding a new job, in education, family, or even hobbies.1.Who wrote the story about a little boy and a little mouse?A.Bill Bosworth. B.Michelle O.Donovan.C.Dr.Joseph I.Rose.D.Gloria Coykendall.2.The ISBN for the book of poems is.A.9781462031795B.9781412027854C.9780595433582D.97814620586793.What

507、 kind of readers will probably like reading More Things in Heaven?A.Those who are searching for the meaning of life.B.Those who are trying to be spiritual leaders.C.Those who study the art of writing.D.Those who like traveling abroad.4.Which of the following books explores the origin of humans?A.See

508、king the Edge.B.Creation or Evolution.C.Joshua,Helmut,and Bethlehem.D.More Things in Heaven.答案1.B2.B3.A4.BPassage 19(2013陕西,B)In 1978,I was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from Sydney,Australia.I was looking forward to having five days off from duty.Unfortunately,the

509、only one train a day back to my home in Sydney had already left.So I thought Id hitch a ride(搭便车).I waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me.Finally,a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon.He said that although he couldnt give me a lift,I should come bac

510、k to his house for lunch.He noticed me standing for hours in the November heat and thought I must be hungry.I was doubtful as a young girl but he assured(使放心)me I was safe,and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards.When we arrived at his house,he made us sandwiches.After lunch,he hel

511、ped me find a lift home.Twenty-five years later,in 2003,while I was driving to a nearby town one day,I saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat,trying to hitch a ride.I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour Id been given decades earlier.I pulled over and picked him up.

512、I made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.After a few moments of small talk,the man said to me,“You havent changed a bit,even your red hair is still the same.”I couldnt remember where Id met him.He then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift

513、all those years ago.It was Gordon.1.The author had to hitch a ride one day in 1978 because.A.her work delayed her trip to SydneyB.she was going home for her holidaysC.the town was far away from SydneyD.she missed the only train back home2.Which of the following did Gordon do according to Paragraph 2

514、?A.He helped the girl find a ride.B.He gave the girl a ride back home.C.He bought sandwiches for the girl.D.He watched the girl for three hours.3.The reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that.A.she realized he was GordonB.she had known him for decadesC.she was going to the nea

515、rby townD.she wanted to repay the favour she once got4.What does the author want to tell the readers through the story?A.Giving sometimes produces nice results.B.Those who give rides will be repaid.C.Good manners bring about happiness.D.People should offer free rides to others.答案1.D2.A3.D4.APassage

516、20(2013陕西,C)According to sociologists(社会学家),every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层).Class,power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.Class means a persons economic position in society.A commonly used classification is lower class,middle clas

517、s and upper class.While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined,they do describe societies like the United States quite well.One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class,and 1% the upper class.Interestingly,a surgeon earning $500,000

518、 a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.Obviously,people in positions of great power(such as governors)exercise(行使)big power,but people who take orders from others have less power.

519、Power and class do not always go hand in hand,however.For example,the governor of a state has great power,but he or she may not belong to a corresponding(相应的)economic class.Generally,however,there is a relationship between power and class.To our knowledge,there arent too many people who arent millio

520、naires in the U.S.Senate!Status is the honor or respect attached to a persons position in society.It can also be affected by power and class,but not necessarily so.For example,a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.1.Wha

521、t can we learn about“the middle class”from Paragraph 2?A.People earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class.B.Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class.C.People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class.D.Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.2.According to t

522、he text, we know that.A.power and class do not always correspond with each otherB.status refers to a persons economic position in societyC.people with high status have a lot of control over othersD.class is less important in deciding a persons social rank3.Which of the following shows the structure

523、of the whole text?(P:Paragraph)答案1.B2.A3.APassage 21(2013陕西,D)About 30 years ago,I left Cuba for the United States with my son.After getting settled finally in Brunswick,New Jersey,I enrolled(注册)my son in kindergarten.Several weeks later,my sons teacher asked me to meet him at his office.In the teac

524、hers office,an exchange of greetings was followed by his questions:“Is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)?Does he suffer from any kind of mental disability?”Was he talking about my wonderful Scola?No,no,it cant be.What a helpless,lonely moment!I told him that Scola was a quiet,sweet little boy,instead.

525、I asked him why he was asking me all these questions.My son could not follow the teachers directions,he told me,and thus,Scola was disrupting the class.Didnt he know my son did not speak English yet?He was angry:“Why hasnt your son been taught to speak English?Dont you speak English at home?”No,I di

526、dnt speak English at home,I replied.I was sure my son would learn English in a couple of months,and I didnt want him to forget his native language.Well,wrong answer!What kind of person would not speak in English to her son at home and at all times?“Are you one of those people who come to this countr

527、y to save dollars and send them back to their country,never wanting to be a part of this society?”Needless to say,I tried to tell him I was not one of “those people”.Then he told me the meeting was over,and I left.As I had expected,my son learned to speak English fluently before the school year was

528、over.He went on to graduate from college and got a job,earning close to six figures.He travels widely and leads a well-adjusted,contented life.And he has benefited from being bilingual(双语的).Speaking more than one language allows people to communicate with others;it teaches people about other culture

529、s and other placessomething very basic and obviously lacking in the“educator”I met in New Jersey.1.The teacher asked the author to his office.A.to discuss Scolas in-class performanceB.to get Scola enrolled in kindergartenC.to find a language partner for ScolaD.to work out a study plan for Scola2.Wha

530、t does the underlined word “disrupting” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Breaking.B.Following.C.Attending.D.Disturbing.3.The authors attitude towards being bilingual may best be described as.A.criticalB.casualC.positiveD.passive4.This text is likely to be selected from a book of.A.medicineB.educationC

531、.geographyD.history答案1.A2.D3.C4.BPassage 22(2013四川,A)1.What you have just read is a.A.noteB.reportC.scheduleD.poster2.What is going to take place on 2 February, 2013?A.A big event to welcome a Chinese new year.B.A social gathering to raise money for wildlife.C.A party for close friends to meet and h

532、ave fun.D.A meeting of Kwun Tong High School students.3.How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go together?A.$20.B.$40.C.$60.D.$80.4.Which of the following statements is true?A.Tickets are sold in Kwun Tong High School.B.Its unnecessary to take soft drinks with you.C.Free digital camera

533、s are provided for everybody.D.Festival food will be served without extra charge.答案1.D2.A3.C4.BPassage 23(2013四川,B)On a sunny day last August,Tim heard some shouting.Looking out to the sea carefully,he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea.Two 12-year-old boys,Christian and

534、Jack,rowed out a boat to search for a football.Once theyd rowed beyond the calm waters,a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water.The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore.But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.Tim knew it woul

535、d soon be swallowed by the waves.“Everything went quiet in my head,”Tim recalls(回忆).“I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.”Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water.Every 500 yards or so,he raised his head to judge his progress.“At one point,I considered tur

536、ning back,”he says.“I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.”After 30 minutes of struggling,he was close enough to yell to the boys,“Take down the umbrella!”Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella.Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat.He took over rowing,but the wa

537、ves were almost too strong for him.“Lets aim for the pier(码头),”Jack said.Tim turned the boat toward it.Soon afterward,waves crashed over the boat,and it began to sink.“Can you guys swim?”he cried.“A little bit,”the boys said.Once they were in the water,Tim decided it would be safer and faster for hi

538、m to pull the boys toward the pier.Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs.Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys faces.“Are we almost there?”they asked again and again.“Yes,”Tim told them each time.After 30 minutes,they reached the pier.1.Why did the two

539、boys go to the sea?A.To go boat rowing.B.To get back their football.C.To swim in the open water.D.To test the umbrella as a sail.2.What does“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The beach.B.The water.C.The boat.D.The wind.3.Why did Tim raise his head regularly?A.To take in enough fresh air.B.To consider tur

540、ning back or not.C.To check his distance from the boys.D.To ask the boys to take down the umbrella.4.How did the two boys finally reach the pier?A.They were dragged to the pier by Tim.B.They swam to the pier all by themselves.C.They were washed to the pier by the waves.D.They were carried to the pie

541、r by Tim on his back.答案1.B2.D3.C4.APassage 24(2013四川,C)LONDONA British judge on Thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake(假冒的)bomb detectors(探测器)to 10 years in prison,saying the man hadnt cared about potentially deadly consequences.It is believed that James McCormick got about $77.8 million fro

542、m the sales of his detectorswhich were based on a kind of golf ball finderto countries including Iraq,Belgium and Saudi Arabia.McCormick,57,was convicted(判罪)of cheats last month and sentenced Thursday at the Old Bailey court in London.“Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equip

543、ment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people,”Judge Richard Hone told McCormick.“You have neither regret,nor shame,nor any sense of guilt.”The detectors,sold for up to $42,000 each,were sai

544、d to be able to find such dangerous objects as bombs under water and from the air.But in fact they “lacked any grounding in science” and were of no use.McCormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in Kenya,the prison service in Hong Kong,the army in Egypt and the border cont

545、rol in Thailand.“I never had any bad results from customers,”he said.1.Why was McCormick sentenced to prison?A.He sold bombs. B.He caused death of people.C.He made detectors.D.He cheated in business.2.According to the judge, what McCormick had done.A.increased the cost of safeguarding B.lowered peop

546、les guard against dangerC.changed peoples idea of social security D.caused innocent people to commit crimes3.Which of the following is true of the detectors?A.They have not been sold to Africa. B.They have caused many serious problems.C.They can find dangerous objects in water. D.They dont function

547、on the basis of science.4.It can be inferred from the passage that McCormick.A.sold the equipment at a low priceB.was well-known in most countriesC.did not think he had committed the crimeD.had not got such huge profit as mentioned in the text答案1.D2.B3.D4.CPassage 25(2013四川,D)Home to me means a sens

548、e of familiarity and nostalgia (怀旧).Its fun to come home.It looks the same.It smells the same.Youll realize whats changed is you.Home is where we can remember pain,love,and some other experiences:We parted here;My parents met here;I won three championships here.If I close my eyes,I can still have a

549、clear picture in mind of my first home.I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glass-top wooden table.To the right of the living room is my first bedroom.Its empty,but its where my earliest memories are.There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays,and where I cried o

550、n Halloweenwhen I didnt want to wear the skirt my mother made for me.I always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong.If I sit at this table,I can see my favorite room in the house,my parents room.It is simple:a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next

551、to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side.Their bed is my safe zone.I can jump on it anytimewaking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning.Im lucky because I know my first home still exists.It exists in my mi

552、nd and heart,on a physical property (住宅)on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles.It is proof I lived,I grew,and I learned.Sometimes when I feel lost,I lie down and shut my eyes,and I go home.I know its where Ill find my family,my dogs,and my belongings.I purposely leave the window open

553、 at night because I know Ill be blamed by Mom.But I dont mind,because I want to hear her say my name,which reminds me Im home.1.Why does the author call her parents bed her“safe zone”(Paragraph 3)?A.It is her favorite place to play.B.Her needs can be satisfied there.C.Her grandparents photos are lin

554、ed on each side.D.Her parents always play together with her there.2.What can be learned from the passage?A.The old furniture is still in the authors first bedroom.B.The author can still visit her first physical home in Los Angeles.C.The authors favorite room in her first home is the dining room.D.Ma

555、ny people of the authors age can still find their first physical homes.3.Sometimes when she feels lost, the author will.A.open the window at nightB.lie down in bed to have a dreamC.try to bring back a sense of homeD.go to Los Angeles to visit her mom4.What is the authors purpose of writing this pass

556、age?A.To express how much she is attached to her home.B.To declare how much she loves her first house.C.To describe the state of her family.D.To look back on her childhood.答案1.B2.B3.C4.APassage 26(2013四川,E)Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head,according to a study that has found a lin

557、k between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩)and pumping blood around their bodies,compared with the point when the heartbeat is r

558、elaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event,depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said:“Our study shows for the first t

559、ime that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said,“The study showed that fearful faces are bette

560、r noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we dont seeand guide whether we see fear.”To further understand this relationship,the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a

561、 persons feeling of fear.“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brainspeakto each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,”Dr Garfinkel said.“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced,we may be able to devel

562、op more successful treatments for anxiety disorders,and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”1.What is the finding of the study?A.Ones heart affects how he feels fear.B.Fear is a result of ones relaxed heartbeat.C.Fear has something to do with ones health.D.Ones fast hea

563、rtbeats are likely to cause fear.2.The study was carried out by analyzing.A.volunteers heartbeats when they saw terrible picturesB.the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditionsC.volunteers reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scansD.different pictures shown

564、 to volunteers and their heart-brain communication3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism”in Paragraph 6?A.Order. B.System.C.Machine.D.Treatment.4.This study may contribute to .A.treating anxiety and stress betterB.explaining the cycle of fear and anxietyC.finding the key to the

565、 heart-brain communicationD.understanding different fears in our hearts and heads答案1.A2.C3.B4.APassage 27(2013天津,A)Guide to Stockholm University LibraryOur library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.ZonesThe library is divided into different zones.The

566、upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading,and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs.The ground floor is the zone where you can talk.Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.Computer

567、sYou can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers;you can also use library computers,which contain the most commonly used applications,such as Microsoft Office.They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.Group-study

568、 PlacesIf you want to discuss freely without disturbing others,you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor.Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people.All rooms are marked on the library maps.There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the

569、website.To book,you need an active University account and a valid University card.You can use a room three hours per day,nine hours at most per week.Storage of Study MaterialThe library has lockers for students to store course literature.When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分),you may rent a

570、locker and pay 400 SEK for a years rental period.Rules to be FollowedMobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the libra

571、ry,but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.1.The librarys upper floor is mainly for students to.A.read in a quiet placeB.have group discussionsC.take comfortable seatsD.get their computers fixed2.Library computers on the ground floor.A.help students with their field experimentsB.conta

572、in software essential for schoolworkC.are for those who want to access the wi-fiD.are mostly used for filling out application forms3.What condition should be met to book a group-study room?A.A group must consist of 8 people.B.Three-hour use per day is the minimum.C.One should first register at the u

573、niversity.D.Applicants must mark the room on the map.4.A student can rent a locker in the library if he.A.can afford the rental feeB.attends certain coursesC.has nowhere to put his booksD.has earned the required credits5.What should NOT be brought into the library?A.Mobile phones.B.Orange juice.C.Ca

574、ndy.D.Sandwiches.答案1.A2.B3.C4.D5.DPassage 28(2013天津,B)Last nights meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild,Emerald Valleys mayor,people gathered in the suburbs of the city,carrying heavy telescopes,expecting to watch the brigh

575、tly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so frustrated,”admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing,but it tu

576、rned out to be a huge disappointment.”Astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government t

577、o take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.This population consists of birds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.For example,outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds.According to the Interna

578、tional Dark-Sky Association,“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more animal casualties(伤亡)result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly,people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings,but some scientists think it ca

579、n be harmful for humans,too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years,Flagstaff,Arizona,has enforced lighting regulations in its ci

580、ty in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide,and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them,so that other creatures can share the night.1.It happened last night that.A.the citys lights affected the meteor

581、watching B.the meteors flew past before being noticedC.the city light show attracted many people D.the meteor watching ended up a social outing2.What do the astronomers complain about?A.Meteor showers occur less often than before.B.Their observation equipment is in poor repair.C.Light pollution has

582、remained unsolved for years.D.Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.3.What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?A.Birds may take other migration paths.B.Animals living habits may change suddenly.C.Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.D.Animals survival is

583、 threatened by outdoor lighting.4.Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to.A.lessen the chance of getting cancerB.create an ideal observation conditionC.ensure citizens a good sleep at nightD.enable all creatures to live in harmony5.What message does the author most want to

584、give us?A.Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.B.Great efforts should be made to save energy.C.Human activities should be environmentally friendly.D.New equipment should be introduced for space study.答案1.A2.C3.D4.B5.CPassage 29(2013天津,C)Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the

585、detours(绕行路)in life than by the narrow road toward goals.I like this image.But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents home in Boise in nine hours.We traveled the way most people do:the fastest,s

586、hortest,easiest road,especially when I was alone with four noisy,restless kids who hate confinement(限制)and have strong opinions about everything.Road trips felt risky,so I would drive fast,stopping only when I had to.We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.But then Banner,our lamb was born.H

587、e was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise.I had two choices:leave Banner with my husband,or take him with me.My husband made the decision for me.That is how I found myself on the road with four kids,a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through.We took

588、the country roads out of necessity.We had to stop every hour,let Banner shake out his legs and feed him.The kids chased him and one another.Theyd get back in the car breathless and energized,smelling fresh from the cold air.We explored side roads,catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass.Even if we

589、simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother,or fish leaping out of the water,it was better than the best ride down the freeway.Here was life.And new horizons(见识).We eventually arrived at my parents doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.I grew brave with the tr

590、ip back home and creative with my disciplining technique.On an empty section of road,everyone started quarreling.I stopped the car,ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead.I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.Some road trips are by necessity fast and strai

591、ght.But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journeyand the best part of yourself.1.Why did the author use to take freeways to her parents home?A.It was less tiring.B.

592、It would be faster and safer.C.Her kids would feel less confined.D.She felt better with other drivers nearby.2.The author stopped regularly on the country roads to.A.relax in the fresh air B.take a deep breathC.take care of the lamb D.let the kids play with Banner3.What does the author discover from

593、 the trip according to Paragraph 6?A.Freeways are where beauty hides.B.Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life.C.Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits ones health.D.One should follow side roads to watch wild animals.4.Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their way back h

594、ome?A.To give herself some time to read.B.To order some food for them.C.To play a game with them.D.To let them cool down.5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Charm of the Detour B.The Road to BraveryC.Creativity out of Necessity D.Road Trip and Country Life答案1.B2.C3.B4.D5.APassage 30(201

595、3天津,D)When asked about happiness,we usually think of something extraordinary,an absolute delight,which seems to get rarer the older we get.For kids,happiness has a magical quality.Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫无掩饰的).In the teenage years the concept of happiness

596、 changes.Suddenly its conditional on such things as excitement,love and popularity.I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.In adulthood the things that bring deep joylove,marriage,birthalso bring responsibility and the risk of loss

597、.For adults,happiness is complicated(复杂的).My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”.The more we can enjoy what we have,the happier we are.Its easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends,the freedom to live where we please,and even good health.I experienced my li

598、ttle moments of pleasure yesterday.First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself.Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing,which I love.When the kids and my husband came home,I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.Psychologists tell us that to be happ

599、y we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work.I dont think that my grandmother,who raised 14 children,had much of either.She did have a network of close friends and family,and maybe this is what satisfied her.We,however,with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area,

600、have turned happiness into one more thing weve got to have.Were so self-conscious about our“right”to it that its making us miserable.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success,without noticing that the people who have those things arent necessarily happier.Happiness isnt about what happens

601、to usits about how we see what happens to us.Its the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative.Its not wishing for what we dont have,but enjoying what we do possess.1.As people grow older, they.A.feel it harder to experience happiness B.associate their happiness less with othersC.will ta

602、ke fewer risks in pursuing happiness D.tend to believe responsibility means happiness2.What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6?A.She cares little about her own health.B.She enjoys the freedom of traveling.C.She is easily pleased by things in daily life.D.She prefers getting pleasu

603、re from housework.3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 7?A.Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness.B.Psychologists opinion is well proved by Grandmas case.C.Grandma often found time for social gatherings.D.Grandmas happiness came from modest expectations of life.4.People who equal h

604、appiness with wealth and success.A.consider pressure something blocking their wayB.stress their right to happiness too muchC.are at a loss to make correct choicesD.are more likely to be happy5.What can be concluded from the passage?A.Happiness lies between the positive and the negative.B.Each man is

605、 the master of his own fate.C.Success leads to happiness.D.Happy is he who is content.答案1.A2.C3.D4.B5.DPassage 31(2013浙江,A)No one knows for sure when advertising first started.It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them.That

606、 led to the concept of specialization,which means that people would specialize,or focus,on doing one specific job.Lets take a man well call Mr.Fielder,for example.He did everything connected with farming.He planted seeds,tended the fields,and harvested and sold his crops.At the same time,he did many

607、 other jobs on the farm.However,he didnt make the bricks for his house,cut his trees into boards,make the plows(犁),or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs.Instead,he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr.Plowrigh

608、t.Using what he knew about farming and working with iron,Mr.Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier.Mr.Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows.Perhaps,he thought,other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.How did

609、Mr.Plowright let people know what he was doing?Why,he advertised,of course.First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door.It was probably all t

610、he information people needed to find Mr.Plowright and his really good plows.Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago.Even before most people could read,they understood such signs.Shopkeepers would carve into stone,clay,or wood symbols for the produ

611、cts they had for sale.A medium,in advertising talk,is the way you communicate your message.You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols.The second medium was audio,or sound,although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today.Originally,just the human v

612、oice and maybe some kind of simple instrument,such as a bell,were used to get peoples attention.A crier,in the historical sense,is not someone who weeps easily.It is someone,probably a man,with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city.In ancient Egypt,shopkeepers might hire su

613、ch a person to spread the news about their products.Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods.Perhaps the crier described the goods,explained where they came from,and praised their quality.His job was,in other words,not too different from a TV or radio c

614、ommercial in todays world.1.What probably led to the start of advertising?A.The discovery of iron.B.The specialization of labor.C.The appearance of new jobs.D.The development of farming techniques.2.To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright.A.praised his plows in publicB.placed a sign outside the shopC.

615、hung an arrow pointing to the shopD.showed his products to the customers3.The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to.A.explain the origin of advertisingB.predict the future of advertisingC.expose problems in advertisingD.provide suggestions for advertising4.In a

616、ncient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who.A.owned a shipB.had the loudest voiceC.ran a shop selling goods to farmersD.functioned like todays TV or radio commercial5.The last two paragraphs are mainly about.A.the history of advertisingB.the benefits of advertisingC.the early forms of advertising

617、D.the basic design of advertising答案1.B2.B3.A4.D5.CPassage 32(2013浙江,B)Below is a selection from a popular science book.If blood is red, why are veins(静脉)blue?Actually,veins are not blue at all.They are more of a clear,yellowish colour.Although blood looks red when its outside the body,when its sitti

618、ng in a vein near the surface of the skin,its more of a dark reddish purple colour.At the right depth,these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin,making them look blue by comparison.Which works harder,your heart or your brain?That kind of depends on whether youre busy t

619、hinking or busy exercising.Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise,and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But,in the long run,your brain probably tips it,because even when youre sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart,and it takes

620、 four to five times as much blood to feed it.Why do teeth fall out,and why dont they grow back in grown-ups?Baby(or“milk”)teeth do not last long;they fall out to make room for bigger,stronger adult teeth later on.Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged,decayed and infected by bacteria.Once thi

621、s second set of teeth has grown in,youre done.When theyre gone,theyre gone.This is because nature figures youre set for life,and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.Do old people shrink as they age?Yes and no.Many people do get shorter as they age.But,when they do,it isnt because theyr

622、e shrinking all over.They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱)becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力).Many(but not all)men and women do lose height as they get older.Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age,while women may lose 5 cm or more.If you liv

623、e to be 200 years old,would you keep shrinking till you were,like 60 cm tall,like a little boy again?No,because old people dont really shrink!It is not that they are growing backwardstheir legs,arms and backbones getting shorter.When they do get shorter,its because the spine has shortened a little.O

624、r,more often,become more bent and curved.Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?Because your brain gets confused between what youre seeing and what youre feeling.The brain senses that youre spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear,which work together with your eyes t

625、o keep your vision and balance stable.But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control,and your brain thinks youre moving while youre not!Where do feelings and emotions come from?Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.All mammals have this brain areafrom

626、mice to dogs,cats,and humans.So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear,pain and pleasure.But since human feelings also involve other,newer bits of the brain,we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.If exercise wears you out,how can it be good for you?Because our bodies ad

627、apt to everything we do to them.And as far as your body is concerned,its “use it,or lose it”!Its not that exercise makes you healthy;its more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.1.What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?A.Blue.B.Lig

628、ht yellow.C.Red.D.Dark reddish purple.2.Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?A.Because their spine is in active use.B.Because they are more easily affected by gravity.C.Because they keep growing backwards.D.Because their spine becomes more bent.3.Which of the following statement

629、s about our brain is true?A.In the long run,our brain probably works harder than our heart.B.When our brain senses the spinning,we will feel dizzy.C.The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.D.Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.4.What is

630、the main purpose of the selection?A.To give advice on how to stay healthy.B.To provide information about our body.C.To challenge new findings in medical research.D.To report the latest discoveries in medical science.答案1.D2.D3.A4.BPassage 33(2013浙江,C)The baby monkey is much more developed at birth th

631、an the human baby.Almost from the moment it is born,the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large,warm,and soft object in its environment,particularly if that object also gives it milk.After

632、a week or so,however,the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”the real mother or the mother-substitute(母亲替代物).During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby.The Ha

633、rlows,a couple who are both psychologists,discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutesone covered with cloth and one made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature,the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother.Howeve

634、r,if the wire model was heated,while the cloth model was cool,for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites.Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.Why is cloth preferable to bare wir

635、e?Something that the Harlows called contact(接触)comfort seems to be the answer,and a most powerful influence it is.Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins,putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can.Whenever the young animal is frightened,distu

636、rbed,or annoyed,it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body.Wire doesnt “rub”as well as does soft cloth.Prolonged(长时间的)“contact comfort”with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.According to the H

637、arlows,the basic quality of a babys love for its mother is trust.If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother,the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be.It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball.If its cloth mother is now introduced into t

638、he playroom,the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life.After a few minutes of contact comfort,it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys,but often rushes back for a deep embrace(拥抱)as if to make sure that its mothe

639、r is still there and that all is well.Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its“mother”.1.Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?A.Warmth.B

640、.Milk. C.Contact.D.Trust.2.After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is.A.larger in sizeB.closer to themC.less frightening and less disturbingD.more comfortable to rub against3.What does the baby monkey probably gain from prol

641、onged “contact comfort”?A.Attention.B.Softness. C.Confidence.D.Interest.4.It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure,.A.it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toysB.it spends more time screaming to get rewardsC.it is less attracted to the toys though they are

642、interestingD.it cares less about whether its mother is still around5.The main purpose of the passage is to.A.give the reasons for the experimentB.present the findings of the experimentC.introduce the method of the experimentD.describe the process of the experiment答案1.A2.D3.C4.D5.BPassage 34(2013浙江,D

643、)In 1974,after filling out fifty applications,going through four interviews,and winning one offer,I took what I could geta teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area:western New Jersey.My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted

644、 to do since I was fourteenteaching English.School started,but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country.Was this rural area really New Jersey?My students took a week off when hunting season began.I was told they were also frequently absent in late October to help their fathers make hay

645、 on the farms.I was a young woman from New York City,who thought that“Make hay while the sun shines”just meant to have a good time.But,still,I was teaching English.I worked hard,taking time off only to eat and sleep.And then there was my sixth-grade classseventeen boys and five girls who were only s

646、ix years younger than me.I had a problem long before I knew it.I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher.I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word.The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.In college

647、I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior.So I did,confident that,as the textbook had said,the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention.It sounds reasonable,but the text evidently ignored the fact that humans,particularly teenagers,rarely se

648、em reasonable.By the time my boss,who was also my taskmaster,known to be the strictest,most demanding,most quick to fire inexperienced teachers,came into the classroom to observe me,the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise.My boss sat in the back of the room.The boys in the class w

649、ere making animal noises,hitting each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines.I just pretended it all wasnt happening,and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions.My boss,sitting in the back of the room,seemed to be growing bigger and bigger.After twenty minutes

650、he left,silently.Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying,but at my next free period I had to face him.I wondered if he would let me finish out the day.I walked to his office,took a deep breath,and opened the door.He

651、was sitting in his chair,and he looked at me long and hard.I said nothing.All I could think of was that I was not an English teacher;I had been lying to myself,pretending that everything was fine.When he spoke,he said simply,without accusation,“You had nothing to say to them.”“You had nothing to say

652、 to them,”he repeated.“No wonder theyre bored.Why not get to the meat of the literature and stop talking about symbolism.Talk with them,not at them.And more important,why do you ignore their bad behavior?”We talked.He named my problems and offered solutions.We role-played.He was the bad student,and

653、I was the forceful,yet,warm,teacher.As the year progressed,we spent many hours discussing literature and ideas about human beings and their motivations.He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths.In short,he made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emersons words:“The secret to ed

654、ucation lies in respecting the pupil.”Fifteen years later I still drive that same winding road to the same school.Thanks to the help I received that difficult first year,the school is my home now.1.It can be inferred from the story that in 1974.A.the writer became an optimistic personB.the writer wa

655、s very happy about her new jobC.it was rather difficult to get a job in the USAD.it was easy to get a teaching job in New Jersey2.According to the passage, which of the following is most probably the writers problem as a new teacher?A.She had blind trust in what she learnt at college.B.She didnt ask

656、 experienced teachers for advice.C.She took too much time off to eat and sleep.D.She didnt like teaching English literature.3.What is the writers biggest worry after her taskmasters observation of her class?A.She might lose her teaching job.B.She might lose her students respect.C.She couldnt teach t

657、he same class any more.D.She couldnt ignore her students bad behavior any more.4.Which of the following gives the writer a sense of mild victory?A.Her talk about symbolism sounded convincing.B.Her students behaved a little better than usual.C.She managed to finish the class without crying.D.She was

658、invited for a talk by her boss after class.5.The students behaved badly in the writers classes because.A.they were eager to embarrass herB.she didnt really understand themC.they didnt regard her as a good teacherD.she didnt have a good command of English6.The taskmasters attitude towards the writer

659、after his observation of her class can be best described as.A.cruel but encouragingB.fierce but forgiving C.sincere and supportiveD.angry and aggressive答案1.C2.A3.A4.C5.B6.CPassage 35(2013重庆,A)The morning had been a disaster.My tooth was aching,and Id been in an argument with a friend.Her words still

660、 hurt:“The trouble with you is that you wont put yourself in my place.Cant you see things from my point of view?”I shook my head stubbornlyand felt the ache in my tooth.Id thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday,but the pain was really unbearable.I started calling the dentist

661、s in the phone book,but no one could see me immediately.Finally,at about lunchtime,I got lucky.“If you come by right now,”the receptionist said,“the dentist will fit you in.”I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car.But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist.What kind of dentist would be so

662、 eager to treat someone at such short notice?Why wasnt he as busy as the others?In the dentists office,I sat down and looked around.I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried.The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.When I told her my fe

663、ars,she laughed and said,“Dont worry.The dentist is very good.”“How long do I have to wait for him?”I asked impatiently.“Come on,he is coming.Just lie down and relax.And enjoy the artwork,”the assistant said.“The artwork?”I was puzzled.The chair went back.Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful pict

664、ure,right where I could enjoy it:on the ceiling.How considerate the dentist was!At that moment,I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.What a relief!1.Which of the following best describes the authors feeling that morning?A.Cheerful.B.Nervous.C.Satisfied.D.Upset.2.What made the autho

665、r begin to doubt about the dentist?A.The dentists agreeing to treat her at very short notice.B.The dentists being as busy as the other dentists.C.The surroundings of the dentists office.D.The laughing assistant of the dentist.3.Why did the author suddenly smile?A.Because the dentist came at last.B.B

666、ecause she saw a picture on the ceiling.C.Because she could relax in the chair.D.Because the assistant kept comforting her.4.What did the author learn from her experience most probably?A.Strike while the iron is hot.B.Have a good word for ones friend.C.Put oneself in others shoes.D.A friend in need

667、is a friend indeed.答案1.D2.A3.B4.CPassage 36(2013重庆,B)1.Why did Andrew Zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project?A.Because their wisdom deserves to be passed on.B.Because they are physically impressive.C.Because their accomplishments inspired him.D.Because they have similar experiences.2.Acco

668、rding to the web page, Federico Mayor Zaragoza.A.has won many awards for his work in politicsB.has served as the president of a universityC.has devoted all his life to the field of scienceD.has made achievements in different areas3.Who most probably said“My education has been the library and books”i

669、n the interview when reflecting on his/her experience?A.Andrew Zuckerman.B.Federico Mayor Zaragoza.C.Nadine Gordimer.D.Dave Brubeck.4.What is the main purpose of this web page?A.To show Zuckermans awards.B.To publicize Zuckermans project.C.To spread the wisdom of the three people.D.To celebrate the

670、achievements of the three people.答案1.A2.D3.C4.BPassage 37(2013重庆,C)Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels,yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for.We do know,however,that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.The oldest known transport

671、 wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia.It is over 5,100 years old.Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt become popular for a while,though.This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.But it could also be because of a difficult situ

672、ation.While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces,roads with smooth surfaces werent going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.Eventually,road surfaces did become smoother,but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.There had been no important changes in

673、 wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.In the mid-1700s,a Frenchman came up with a new design of roada base layer(层)of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones.A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong,lasting road surface became a reali

674、ty.At around the same time,metal hubs(the central part of a wheel)came into being,followed by the pneumatic tyre(充气轮胎) in 1846.Alloy wheels were invented in 1967,sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路).As wheel design took off,vehicles got faster and faster.1.What might explain why

675、transport wheels didnt become popular for some time?A.Few knew how to use transport wheels.B.Humans carried farming tools just as well.C.Animals were a good means of transport.D.The existence of transport wheels was not known.2.What do we know about road design from the passage?A.It was easier than

676、wheel design.B.It improved after big changes in vehicle design.C.It was promoted by fast-moving vehicles.D.It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.3.How is the last paragraph mainly developed?A.By giving examples.B.By making comparisons.C.By following time order.D.By making classification

677、s.4.What is the passage mainly about?A.The beginning of road design.B.The development of transport wheels.C.The history of public transport.D.The invention of fast-moving vehicles.答案1.C2.D3.C4.BPassage 38(2013重庆,D)Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean,an S-shaped body

678、of water covering 33 million square miles.The Atlantic has,in a sense,replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization.Unlike real inland seas,which seem strangely still,the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much writte

679、n about by ancient poets.“Storm at Sea”,a short poem written around 700,is generally regarded as one of mankinds earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.When the wind is from the westAll the waves that cannot restTo the east must thunder onWhere the bright tree of the sunIs rooted in the o

680、ceans breast.As the poem suggests,the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves,impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering,boiling,crashing,and whistling.It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breathperhaps not so noticeably out in mid-o

681、cean,but where it meets land,its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.It is filled with symbiotic existences,too;unimaginable quantities of creatures,little and large alike,mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony,

682、giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat,a kind of sub-ocean vitality.And it has a psychology.It has personalities:sometimes peaceful and pleasant,on rare occasions rough and wild;always it is strong and striking.1.Unlike real inland seas, the Atlantic Ocean is.A.always energeticB.lacking in live

683、linessC.shaped like a squareD.favored by ancient poets2.What is the purpose of using the poem“Storm at Sea”in the passage?A.To describe the movement of the waves.B.To show the strength of the storm.C.To represent the power of the ocean.D.To prove the vastness of the sea.3.What does the underlined wo

684、rd“symbiotic”mean?A.Living together. B.Growing fast.C.Moving harmoniously.D.Breathing peacefully.4.In the last paragraph, the Atlantic is compared to.A.a beautiful and poetic placeB.a flesh and blood personC.a wonderful world D.a lovely animal答案1.A2.C3.A4.BPassage 39(2013重庆,E)It is widely known that

685、 any English conversation begins with The Weather.Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr.Johnsons famous comment that“When two English meet,their first talk is of weather.”Though Johnsons observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago,most commentators fail to c

686、ome up with a convincing explanation for this English weather-speak.Bill Bryson,for example,concludes that,as the English weather is not at all exciting,the obsession with it can hardly be understood.He argues that“To an outsider,the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not

687、 very much of it.”Simply,the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.Jeremy Paxman,however,disagrees with Bryson,arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive.Bryson is wrong,he says,because the English preference for the weather has not

688、hing to do with the natural phenomena.“The interest is less in the phenomena themselves,but in uncertainty.”According to him,the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weather

689、-speak among the English.Both commentators,somehow,are missing the point.The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all.English weather-speak is a system of signs,which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other.Everyone kn

690、ows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data.Rather,they are routine greetings,conversation starters or the blank“fillers”.In other words,English weather-speak is a means of social bonding.1.The author mentions Dr. Johnsons comment to show that.A.most commentators

691、agree with Dr. JohnsonB.Dr.Johnson is famous for his weather observationC.the comment was accurate two hundred years agoD.English conversations usually start with the weather2.What does the underlined word“obsession”most probably refer to?A.A social trend. B.An emotional state.C.A historical concept

692、.D.An unknown phenomenon.3.According to the passage, Jeremy Paxman believes that.A.Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weatherB.there is nothing special about the English weatherC.the English weather attracts people to the British IslesD.English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty4

693、.What is the authors main purpose of writing the passage?A.To explain what English weather-speak is about.B.To analyse misconceptions about the English weather.C.To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.D.To convince people that the English weather is changeable.答案1.D2.B3.D4.APassage 40

694、(2014北京,A)Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium(水族馆)The all-new Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium,situated in the heart of Melbournes CBD,is one of Victorias leading visitor attractions and an unforgettable outing for the whole family.Having 12 amazing zones of discovery,Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very plac

695、e that you cannot miss when you visit the city.Opening TimesSea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm every day of the year,including public holidays.Last admission is at 5:00 pm,one hour before closing.Location(位置)Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is located on the corner of Flinders

696、 Street and King Street,Melbourne.It is situated on the Yarra River,opposite Crown Entertainment Complex.Getting to Sea Life Melbourne AquariumTrainSea Life Melbourne Aquarium is a short walk from either Flinders or Southern Cross train stations.Tram(有轨电车)The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium tram stop is

697、 located on the free City Circle Tram route(公交线路)and also routes 70 and 75.City Circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions.Shuttle BusThe Melbourne City Tourist Shuttle is a free bus service,stopping at key tourist attractions in and around the City.Running daily,every 15 minutes from 10:0

698、0 am to 4:00 pm.Car ParkingWhile there is no public car parking at Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium,there are several public car parking lots available only a short walk away.Wheelchair AccessSea Life Melbourne Aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones.Each floor also has w

699、heelchair accessible toilets.TermsTickets will be emailed to you immediately after purchase or you can download and print your ticket once payment has been accepted.Please print out all tickets purchased and present at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium.No ticket,no entry!1.Sea Life M

700、elbourne Aquarium.A.is located at the center of the CBD in the cityB.has 12 most attractive places in MelbourneC.admits visitors from 9:30 am until 6:00 pmD.is beside Crown Entertainment Complex2.Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium,visitors can take.A.trains from Southern Cross train stationB.shu

701、ttle buses around the train stationC.boats across the Yarra RiverD.either tram route 70 or 753.Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium offers visitors.A.free car parkingB.wheelchair accessC.Internet connectionD.transportation service4.Tickets to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium.A.are free to all visitorsB.can be pur

702、chased by emailC.are checked at the entranceD.can be printed at the ticket office答案1.A2.D3.B4.CPassage 41(2014北京,B)The Brown BearMy wife Laura and I were on the beach,with three of our children,taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we spotted a bear.The bear was thin and small,

703、moving aimlessly.Just a few minutes later,I heard my daughter shouting,“Dad!The bear is right behind us!”An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute.This one was silent and its ears pinned backthe sign(迹象)of an animal that is goi

704、ng in for the kill.And it was a cold April day.The bear behaved abnormally,probably because of hunger.I held my camera tripod(三脚架)in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me.Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders,and the tripod stuck across its mouth.It bit down and I fou

705、nd myself supporting its weight.I knew I would not be able to hold it for long.Even so,this was a fight I had to win:I was all that stood between the bear and my family,who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.The bear hit at the camera,cutting it off the tripod.I raised my

706、left arm to protect my face;the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side.My arm could not move,and I sensed that my bones were going to break.Drawing back my free hand,I struck the bear as hard as I could for five or six times.The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur,tryin

707、g to push it away.I was actually wrestling(扭打)with the bear at this point.Then,as suddenly as it had begun,the fight ended.The bear moved back towards the forest,before returning for another attackthe first time I felt panic.Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat,the bear moved off,de

708、stroying a fence as it went.My arm was injured,but the outcome for us could hardly have been better.Im proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.1.The brown bear approached the family in order to.A.catch shore birdsB.start an attackC.protect the

709、 childrenD.set up a barrier for itself2.The bear finally went away after it.A.felt safeB.got injuredC.found some foodD.took away the camera3.The writer and his family survived mainly due to their.A.prideB.patience C.calmnessD.cautiousness答案1.B2.A3.CPassage 42(2014北京,C)Choosing the Right Resolution(决

710、定)Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with,a goal of losing weight.However,setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.To reach our goal of losing weightthe output,we need to control what we eatthe input(输入).That is,we tend to care about the output but not to c

711、ontrol the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input.Instead of resolving to lose weight,try an actionable resolution:“Ill stop having dessert for lunch,”or “Ill walk every day for 20 minutes.”Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified

712、input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.Recently a new science behind incentives(激励),including in education,has been discussed.For example,researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school.In some cases,he gave students

713、incentives based on input,like reading certain books,while in others,the incentives were based on output,like results on exams.His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.Fryers conclusion was that the incentives for inputs mi

714、ght be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam,aside from general rules like “study harder”.Reading certain books,on the other hand,is a well-set task over which they have much more control.As long as you have direct control over your goal,you have a much higher chanc

715、e of success.And its easier to start again if you fail,because you know exactly what you need to do.If you want to cut down on your spending,a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a caf,for example.This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure y

716、our success easily.Spending less money isnt a goal because its too general.Similarly,if you want to spend more time with your family,dont stop with this general wish.Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to,like a family movie night every Wednesday.In the long run,these new

717、goals could become a habit.1.The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because.A.it is hard to achieve for most AmericansB.it is focused too much on the resultC.it is dependent on too many thingsD.it is based on actionable decisions2.In Roland Fryers research,some students di

718、d better than the others because.A.they obeyed all the general rulesB.they paid more attention to examsC.they were motivated by their classmatesD.they were rewarded for reading some books3.According to the writer,which of the following statements is a good goal?A.“Ill give up dessert.”B.“Ill study h

719、arder.”C.“Ill cut down my expenses.”D.“Ill spend more time with my family.”4.The writer strongly believes that we should.A.develop good habits and focus on the outcomeB.be optimistic about final goals and stick to themC.pick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsD.set ambitious goals t

720、hat can balance the input and output答案1.B2.D3.A4.CPassage 43(2014北京,D)Store Scent(香味)What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop?The products displayed(展示)at the entrance?Or the soft background music?But have you ever noticed the smell?Unless it is bad,the answer is likely to be no.

721、But while a shops scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds,it is certainly there.And it is proving to be an increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to

722、the entrance,via scent machines.A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air.One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores,customers intention to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pa

723、ris,scent is just as important to a brands success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale.That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.Some years ago,the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants disproving attitu

724、de and dont-touch-what-you-cant-afford displays.Now the rise of electronic commerce(e-commerce)has opened up famous brands to a wider audience.But while e-shops can use sights and sounds,only bricks-and-mortar stores(实体店)can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to

725、the moment they leave.Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop,but rather a destination.And scent is just one way to achieve this.Now,a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department,and coconut(椰子)scent in the

726、swimsuit section.A department store has even opened a new lab,inviting customers on a journey into the stores windows to smell books,pots and drawers,in search of their perfect scent.1.According to the passage,what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand stores?A.Friendly assis

727、tants.B.Unique scents.C.Soft background music.D.Attractive window display.2.E-shops are mentioned in the passage to.A.show the advantages of bricks-and-mortar storesB.urge shop assistants to change their attitudeC.push stores to use sights and soundsD.introduce the rise of e-commerce3.The underlined

728、 word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means.A.a platform that exhibits goodsB.a spot where travelers like to stayC.a place where customers love to goD.a target that a store expects to meet4.The main purpose of the passage is to.A.compare and evaluateB.examine and assessC.argue and discussD.inform and e

729、xplain答案1.B2.A3.C4.DPassage 44(2014安徽,A)Personal RobotMake your parents and teachers happy!Are you having problems finishing your homework on time?Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you?You dont need to worry if you buy a Mr.Helping Hand personal robot.Mr.H can be programmed to

730、organize your homework.Your own personal robot will follow you around,putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.Mr.H also has these features(特点):weighs only 500 gramsincludes long-lasting batteriescomes with a 5-year guaranteeremembers simple instructionsOriginally(最初)sol

731、d for $499NOW ONLY $299BUY NOWWATCH CONTROLThis is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear!This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROLacts as a remote control for TVs and videos.gives you a daily weather forecast.reminds you when to hand in your homework.sets o

732、ff a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near.Besides,your PENGO WATCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately!Originally sold for $199NOW ONLY $99For further information,click here.1.With help from a Mr. H, you can.A.stop using batteriesB.finish your homework on timeC.remembe

733、r your teachers instructionsD.get your room tidied on your way home2.A PENGO WATCH CONTROL can help you to.A.repair your TVB.organize your homeworkC.be a James BondD.know what the weather is like3.You can get your Mr. H for.A.$499B.$299C.$199D.$994.Where would you be most likely to find the two text

734、s?A.On a noticeboard.B.In a company brochure.C.On a teenage website.D.In a college newspaper.答案1.B2.D3.B4.CPassage 45(2014安徽,B)Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big,tough African elephants running away,a new study says.Beehives(蜂窝)either recorded or realmay even prevent elephants from dama

735、ging farmers crops.In 2002,scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them.Today,Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops.But before she asked farmers to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their fa

736、rms,she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder.Then she threw a stone into the beehive,which burst into life.Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down.Next,Lucy searc

737、hed out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a tree close to each family.From a distance,Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera.Half the elephant groups left the area wit

738、hin ten seconds.Out of a total of 17 groups,only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees.Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them.When Lucy played the sound of a waterfall(瀑布)instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families,t

739、he animals were undisturbed.Even after four minutes,most of the groups stayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times.She hasnt tested enough groups yet to know,but her initial(最初的)results were promising en

740、ough to begin trials with farmers.She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.1.We know from the passage that elephants may be frightened of.A.loud noisesB.some cropsC.video camerasD.angry bees2.As mentioned in the passage, Lucy.A.works by herself in Afri

741、caB.needs to test more elephant groupsC.has stopped elephants eating cropsD.has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms3.Why did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive?A.To record the sound of bees.B.To make a video of elephants.C.To see if elephants would run away.D.To find out more about the

742、 behavior of bees.4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Young elephants ignore African honeybees.B.Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.C.Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them.D.Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.答案1.D2.B3.A4

743、.CPassage 46(2014安徽,C)You are the collector in the gallery of your life.You collect.You might not mean to but you do.One out of three people collects tangible(有形的)things such as cats,photos and noisy toys.These are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”the first of several

744、 new museums which,over the next two years,will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors.In doing so,they will promote a popular culture of museums,not what museums normally represent.Some of the collections are fairly commonrecords,model houses.Others are strangely beautifulbranches th

745、at have fallen from trees,for example.But they all reveal(显露)a lot of things;ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.Others on the way include“The Museum of Collectors”and “The Museum of Me”.These new ones,it is hoped,will build on the success of “The Museum Of”.Th

746、e thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect,and what it means to do so.They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they,too,collect.Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points:the beginning or

747、 end of adolescence“its a growing-up thing;you stop when you grow up,”says one.Other painful times are mentioned,such as the end of a relationship.For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial(顺序排列的)arrangement is comforting.1.How will the new museums promote a popular culture of

748、 museums?A.By collecting more tangible things.B.By showing what ordinary people have collected.C.By correcting what museums normally represent.D.By accumulating 40 collections two years from now.2.What can be learned about collectors from their collections?A.Who they are.B.How old they are.C.Where t

749、hey were born.D.Why they might not mean to collect.3.Which of the following is an aim of the new museums?A.To help people sell their collections.B.To encourage more people to collect.C.To study the significance of collecting.D.To find out why people visit museums.4.According to the last paragraph, p

750、eople may stop collecting when they.A.become adultsB.feel happy with lifeC.are ready for a relationshipD.feel time to be uncontrollable答案1.B2.A3.C4.APassage 47(2014安徽,D)Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city?In order to answer this question,

751、we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area.Not all historical buildings are attractive.However,there may be other reasonsfor example,economic(经济的)reasonswhy they should be preserved.So,let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and impo

752、rtant to the majority of people.What should we do then if a new building is needed?In my view,new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.Indeed,there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old bui

753、ldings.As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响)its surroundings too much,it often improves the attractiveness of the area.It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏)the area they are in,but the same can be said of some old buildings too.

754、Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas.I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的)and do not like change.Although we have to respect peoples feelings as fellow users of the buildings,I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move

755、things forward.If we always reproduced what was there before,we would all still be living in caves.Thus,I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different,even though that might be the more risky choice.1.What does the author say about historical bui

756、ldings in the first paragraph?A.Some of them are not attractive.B.Most of them are too expensive to preserve.C.They are more pleasing than modern buildings.D.They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.2.Which of the following is true according to the author?A.We should reproduce the s

757、ame old buildings.B.Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.C.Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.D.No one understands why people speak against new buildings.3.By“move things forward”in the last paragraph, the author probably means“.”A.destroy old buildingsB.put things in a

758、different placeC.choose new architectural stylesD.respect peoples feelings for historical buildings4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain why people dislike change.B.To warn that we could end up living in caves.C.To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.D.To argue th

759、at modern buildings can be built in historic areas.答案1.A2.C3.C4.DPassage 48(2014安徽,E)You may not have heard of Ashoka,but for the past 27 years,this association,founded by Bill Drayton,has fought poverty(贫困)and sickness,promoted education and encouraged small businesses.To support these worthy cause

760、s,Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising“changemakers”seeking to solve(解决)urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change.The important thing is to simply give yourself permission.If you

761、 see a problem that you care about,you can help solve it.The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy,healthy,contributing adult.In fact,it is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social cond

762、itions.An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka,which handled the rubbish problem facing the city,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhakas street

763、s,attracting rats and disease,they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste.So they educated the poor people in the city to compost(把制成堆肥)this waste.They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers(化肥)which were expensive

764、and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years.At first,they were refused,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made,the project took off.In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious,practical p

765、rogress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.1.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?A.ChangemakersB.BusinessmenC.Social ConditionsD.Rubbish Problem2.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 3 probably refers to“.”A.the local farme

766、rs B.Masqsood and IftekharC.Drayton and his team D.the poor people in Dhaka3.It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he.A.considers Draytons conceptB.gets permission from AshokaC.tries to improve social conditionsD.is a young,happy and healthy adult4.The authors

767、attitude towards Ashokas program can be described as.A.changingB.forgivingC.cautiousD.positive答案1.A2.D3.C4.DPassage 49(2014大纲全国,E)Which boy hasnt dreamed of being a cool secret agent(特工)?The wonderful fighting abilities and the world-saving adventures are much more colourful than most peoples everyd

768、ay lives.Well,Cody Banks is just like any other boy,except that he is not just dreaming.He has a big secret his friends never know about.He was trained to be a spy(间谍)by a special CIA programme,which was made to look like a summer camp.He learned high-speed driving,hand-to-hand fighting and the use

769、of high-tech tools.After proving he could become a young hero by saving a baby from a runaway car,Banks gets his first real task.He must make friends with a popular girl at school,Natalie Connors.Then,he must spy on her father,a scientist who has developed a dangerous technology(技术).Banks must stop

770、a group of bad people from forcing Natalies father into using the technology to endanger the world.The CIA may have taught him first-class self-defence moves,but they didnt show him how to talk to girls.Banks has zero ability when it comes to dealing with girls.How can he get around his problem and

771、get an invitation to the girls upcoming birthday party?Will he finally become Natalies boyfriend and find out whatever he can about her fathers work?Agent Cody Banks has everything that young people are interested in:big explosions,breath-taking performances and funny girl-dating experiences.It was

772、listed No.2 in the American box office last week.“This story is interesting and fun for the whole family to enjoy,and especially cool for young boys,”said Paul Perkins,a film reviewer in the US.1.What is Banks first real task?A.To test a high-tech tool.B.To save a baby from a car.C.To study a new te

773、chnology.D.To watch a scientist secretly.2.Banks wanted to go to Natalies birthday party to.A.meet her fatherB.know more peopleC.make friends with herD.steal some information3.What is considered as a great danger in the text?A.The technology developed by Natalies father.B.An explosion set off by som

774、e bad people.C.The CIAs training of boys for its tasks.D.Secret agents spying on scientists.4.What is the purpose of the text?A.Making known the work of the CIA.B.Telling the story about a cool boy.C.Showing the dark side of science.D.Introducing a new film.答案1.D2.C3.A4.DPassage 50(2014福建,A)It was M

775、others Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old son,Tenyson.As we were leaving,we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.Her husband was with her,but there was blood ev

776、erywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.Walking towards the scene,Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple.He said to me,“Mum,its not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”At the front of the supermarket,a charity(慈善)group had set up a stand selling c

777、ooked sausages and flowers to raise funds.Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower.“It will make her feel better,”he said.I was amazed that hed come up with this sweet idea.So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.“Just ta

778、ke it,”she replied.“I cant take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”By now paramedics(急救人员)had arrived,and were attending to the injured woman.As we walked up to her,my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment.He said he was just too scared to go up to her.Instead I gave th

779、e flower to the womans husband and told him,“My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”At that,the old man started crying and said,“Thank you so much,you have a wonderful son.Happy Mothers Day to you.”The man then bent down and gave his wife the

780、flower,telling her who it was from.Though badly hurt and shaken,the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.1.What does the author intend to tell us?A.One can never be too careful.B.Actions speak louder than words.C.Love begins with a little smile.D.A small ac

781、t of kindness brings a great joy.2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson.B.Tenysons idea of buying a flower gained his mothers support.C.Tenysons care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller.D.The elderly woman was moved to te

782、ars by Tenysons gesture.3.The underlined word“intimidated”in the fourth paragraph probably means“”.A.astonishedB.struckC.frightenedD.excited4.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Flower PowerB.Mothers DayC.An Accidental InjuryD.An Embarrassing Moment答案1.D2.B3.C4.APassage 51(2014福建,B)Walt D

783、isney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse.However,he cannot take the credit for creating other well-loved characters,such as Cinderella and Snow White.They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables(寓言)into cartoon movi

784、es.The original Cinderella varies very much from the Disney version we know today.It started off with the girl mourning her mothers death and going to her tomb three times a day.In addition,there were only birds that helped Cinderella;there was no such thing as a fairy godmother or helpful mice,nor

785、was there mention of a horse and carriage.The stepsisters were cruel:they always threw Cinderellas food into the ashes of the fire,and made her sleep on the ashes on the floor,hence(因此)her name.In the original story,the kings ball actually lasted for three days.With the help of the birds,the girl,be

786、autifully dressed,danced with the prince on all three nights and the prince fell in love with her.However,she broke away from him to rush back home each night.On the last night,the prince placed something sticky on the stairs;as Cinderella made her escape,a shoe got stuck on it.Here now is where the

787、 story becomes unpleasant:when the prince went to the house looking for the girl whose foot fit the shoe,the wicked(邪恶的)stepmother told one of her two daughters to cut off her big toe to fit into the shoe.The daughter did as told.So the prince took her away to be his bride.But,when they passed the t

788、omb of Cinderellas mother,the birds called out to the prince,“Turn and peep,theres blood within the shoe;The shoe is too small,the true bride waits for you.”Realizing he had been tricked,the prince returned the daughter to her mother;the other then had to cut off part of her heel in order to fit int

789、o the shoe,with the same result.Only Cinderellas foot fit perfectly and so the prince chose to marry her.The story ends with the wedding day:as Cinderellas two stepsisters followed her,pretending to be devoted to her so that they could enjoy the kings riches,two birds flew by and plucked(啄)out their

790、 eyes.Because of their wickedness and falsehood,they had to spend the rest of their days blind.The original Cinderella is so different from the Disney version.Thank goodness Disney made such changes;it indeed was a wise move.1.What does the underlined word“They”in the first paragraph refer to?A.Such

791、 wonderful things.B.Other well-loved characters.C.Old fables.D.Cartoon movies.2.How did Cinderella get her name?A.The birds came up with it.B.It was given by Disney.C.It came from the word“ash”.D.She got it from her mother.3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the original story?A.Helpful mi

792、ce got Cinderella a beautiful dress.B.The ball was held to celebrate the princes wedding.C.Cinderella left her shoe on the stairs on purpose.D.The birds told the prince that he had been cheated.4.The moral of the original story is that.A.a wicked person cannot escape punishmentB.a devoted person cer

793、tainly deserves respectC.a well-behaved child earns a great rewardD.a dishonest child cannot get mother love5.What does the author think of the Disney version?A.Excellent.B.Ordinary.C.Dull.D.Ridiculous.答案1.B2.C3.D4.A5.APassage 52(2014福建,C)BLOOD DRIVE & MARROW(骨髓)REGISTRATION“These patients deserve a

794、 chance at a normal, happy future and they rely on the kindness of strangers to make that happen.”Daisy,Isabelles MotherIsabelle is the daughter of Daisy and Saman Mirzaei.In January 2008 Isabelle was diagnosed(诊断)with a genetic blood disorder,beta thalassemia.Isabelles body is unable to produce hea

795、lthy red blood cells.As a result,Isabelle has been receiving blood transfusions(输血)every 46 weeks since she was 11 months old.A lifetime of regular transfusions can lead to serious medical problems.Her only chance at a normal,healthy life is to have a marrow transplant.Isabelle is an only child,so d

796、octors have started a search for an unrelated marrow donor through the Be The Match Registry.The Mirzaei family asks that you consider helping patients like Isabelle by registering to be a marrow donor and give the gift of life,the gift of blood.Held at Wiley HallWednesday, March 26,2014Behind Heath

797、man Dormitory/Butterfield Rd.12:00 PM6:00 PMDont forget to bring your drivers license or another formof identification when you donate.Visit www.ribc.org to make an appointment, Sponsor Code 3390.FREE Kingston Pizza!Marrow Donors:BETHE MATCHbe 18 to 44 years oldbethematch.orgin good healthgive a swa

798、b(化验标本)of your cheek cells for marrow typingFREEsponsored(赞助)by Michaels Fundwww.ribc.org800-283-8385The Rhode Island Blood Center distributes blood products to hospitalsin Rhode Island and Southern New England. 1.We can learn from the passage that.A.the blood drive is organized by Isabelles motherB

799、.Isabelle receives blood transfusions regularlyC.Isabelle has been ill for 11 monthsD.doctors will sponsor Isabelles family2.To be a marrow donor, you must.A.be a relative of the patientB.carry a drivers licenseC.be at least 18 years oldD.apply to Michaels Fund3.Those who want to help patients like

800、Isabelle can.A.come to Wiley Hall every WednesdayB.visit www.ribc.org for an appointmentC.contact their parents at 800-283-8385D.call at hospitals in Rhode Island答案1.B2.C3.BPassage 53(2014福建,D)Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.Strange as it may seem,if youre un

801、satisfied,the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desiresnot that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you dont have enough tastes.Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities(能力)to enjoy life.Most people are already swamped(淹没)with things.They eat,wear,

802、go and talk too much.They live in too big a house with too many rooms,yet their house of life is a hut.Your house of life ought to be a mansion(豪宅),a royal palace.Every new taste,every additional interest,every fresh enthusiasm adds a room.Here are several rooms your house of life should have.Art sh

803、ould be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things.If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them,they would make you as happy as to find plenty of ham and eggs when youre hungry.Literature,classic literature,is a beautiful,richly furnishe

804、d room where you might find many an hour of rest and refreshment.To gain that love would go toward making you a rich person,for a rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library.Music like Mozarts and Bachs shouldnt be absent.Real riches are of the spirit.And when youve brought

805、that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk,you have increased your thrills and bettered them.And life is a matter of thrills.Sports,without which you remain poor,mean a lot in life.No matter who you are,you would be more human,and your house of life would be better

806、 supported against the bad days,if you could,and did,play a bit.Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life,the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.1.The author intends to tell us that.A.true happiness lies in achieving wealth by fair meansB.big houses are peoples most valued possession

807、sC.big houses can in a sense bring richness of lifeD.true happiness comes from spiritual riches2.The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that.A.however materially rich,they never seem to be satisfiedB.however materially rich,they remain spiritually poorC.though their house i

808、s big,they prefer a simple lifeD.though their house is big,it seems to be a cage3.It can be learned from the passage that.A.more money brings more happinessB.art is needed to make your house beautifulC.literature can enrich your spiritual lifeD.sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness4.What

809、 would be the best title for the passage?A.House of LifeB.Secret of WealthC.Rest and RefreshmentD.Interest and Enthusiasm答案1.D2.B3.C4.APassage 54(2014福建,E)As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe,few issues cause greater concern than energy policy.Many village communities feel their c

810、ountryside is being ruined by the power-producing machines of wind farms;yet they never take“direct action”,even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage.And the generous subsidies(财政补贴),which encourage the expansion of wind power,are not favorable to the village communities and se

811、t landowners in conflict with other residents(居民).Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例)to the benefits they bring,because their energy output cannot match that of the carbon-based power stations they are supposed to replac

812、e.Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables,nuclear and carbon,and that the country is committed to meeting EU(European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation.Against this background,the fact that there is an argument within the Government over whether to publish an of

813、ficial report on wind farms impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary.The two parties in the coalition(联合)government are in disagreement over what it should say.We have some advice for the two parties:publish the report,and let the country be the judge.Even if it contains evidence th

814、at wind farms are harmful,it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them.Equally,supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to

815、 produce an “acceptable”report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way.Given the sensitivities involved,all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions,rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑)that fact

816、s are being replaced by political beliefs.1.We can learn from the first paragraph that.A.energy policy catches much attention of the publicB.the residents are in favor of the expansion of wind farmsC.many village communities are satisfied with the subsidiesD.the planning laws offer great benefits to

817、 the residents2.Supporters think that the expansion of wind power.A.is more rapid than that of carbon-based powerB.guarantees an increase in energy outputC.is expected to be much better than that of nuclear powerD.agrees with EU targets for non-carbon energy generation3.It can be inferred from the p

818、assage that.A.an official report will settle the energy problemB.the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farmsC.the two parties have agreed on a further negotiationD.political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts4.Which of the following reflects the authors opinion?A.Increase

819、political impact on energy policy.B.Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.C.Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.D.Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.答案1.A2.D3.B4.CPassage 55(2014湖北,A)Before I had my son,I spent two years working with children with disabilities

820、.I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster.Coming up against their behaviour could only make the job harder and their behaviour more extreme.I found something that worked,though.There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confid

821、ent with the children was asked to take charge of him.One day the boy joined a session in the room next to mine.His appearance created an atmosphere of tension.He spent the entire session running around,hitting and kicking,and destroying property.I was in the craft room working with some other child

822、ren when my co-worker told me that this boys teacher was in tears,and could not get control of the situation.As we were talking,the boy ran in.I told my co-worker that I would take care of him.I closed the door.He was full of energy,throwing things around and making a huge mess.But I could see that

823、he was doing all these to annoy me.He needed connection,and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it.So I sat back down and kept quiet.Then he slowed down and began making a rocket.I talked to him about it.We continued like this for a few minutes before I slipped into the conversation:“So wha

824、t happened today?”It was purely a question,no blame or anger in my tone.I believe that if I had criticized him,the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed.He told me that the teacher didnt let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked.He also admi

825、tted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game.I explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very upset.This again was stated simply as a fact.I suggested that next time he had a session,he talk about what he hoped to do at the start,which might be easier for ev

826、eryone.He agreed and was quiet for a moment.Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize.1.The boy made trouble for his teacher because he.A.was blamed for creating an air of tensionB.was made to do things against his willC.was tol

827、d not to yell at other childrenD.was accused of destroying property2.Why didnt the author do anything about the boys bad behavior at first?A.She hadnt thought of a coping strategy.B.She was tired of shouting and threats.C.She didnt mind the huge mess at all.D.She didnt want to make it worse.3.The au

828、thor managed to get the boy to talk to her by.A.avoiding making critical remarksB.describing his teachers feelingsC.giving him a good suggestionD.playing games with him4.Why did the boy have tears in his eyes in the end?A.He was sad for the authors misunderstanding.B.He was fearful of the authors wa

829、rning.C.He was regretful about his behavior.D.He was sorry about his reputation.答案1.B2.D3.A4.CPassage 56(2014湖北,C)Working with a group of baboons(狒狒)in the Namibian desert,Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology,Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a famil

830、iar food hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task,while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were,Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model o

831、f a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt,but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect,despite being made aware of what to

832、 do,they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not,even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting

833、 social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals,something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive(认知的)tasks not

834、because they arent clever enough to solve them,but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they dont

835、 associate with the knowledgeable individuals,or they are too shy to use the information once they have it,information may not travel between all group members,preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The significance of Dr.Carters r

836、esearch.B.The purpose of Dr.Carters research.C.The design of Dr.Carters research.D.The results of Dr.Carters research.2.According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?A.Those that feel anxious about learning.B.Those that like to work independently.C.Those th

837、at can avoid potential risks.D.Those that have more experience.3.Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?A.Some baboons perform new tasks but dont concentrate.B.Some baboons observe others but dont follow them.C.Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.D.Some baboo

838、ns are intelligent but slow in learning.4.Dr. Carters findings indicate that our culture might be formed through.A.travelling between social groupsB.understanding different peopleC.learning from each otherD.storing information答案1.C2.A3.B4.CPassage 57(2014湖北,D)Youve flown halfway around the world;you

839、ve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of;so what on earth is there to do here?You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee.By the time you found the

840、 bus station and got yourself sorted out,it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin,about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok,down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand.Not many tourists find this place,and the ones that do wonder if finding it has

841、been their purpose all along.Theres an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.Its what this place offers,and its free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest.You sit there and watch the sea.Its e

842、arly afternoon,so the cook comes out and asks what youd like to eat this evening.Before long hes rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you orderedevery meal fresh and to order.No menu here.There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm,clear blue se

843、a.Theres no street noise.The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.For now you just count your blessings(福祉),listing them in the sand with your toe(脚趾).You dont have to worry about being late for work.You dont have to do anything.The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon(地平线),slowly narro

844、wing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left,now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you.Sand to your left and sand to your right;its unbroken,endless.No start,no end,just sand,sun,and peace.Step off it,and you re-enter the world of traffic,stress,work,and hurry.Normally

845、youre the type who cant sit still for more than ten minutes,but youre on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and,in the right frame of mind,it stretches all the way around the world.“How could it take me so long to find it?”you wonder.1.When the author first went to Huaplee Beach,.A.he had difficulty in finding

846、it B.he became sensitive to smellC.he failed to sort himself out D.he found it unworthwhile2.What is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?A.Quick delivery. B.Self service.C.Free food. D.No menu.3.In the authors opinion, a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he.A.draws pictures in th

847、e sandB.plans a detailed scheduleC.forgets his daily routineD.sits in a beach chair4.What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?A.He should have come to the place earlier.B.He shouldnt have spent so much time on the trip.C.He should have understood the wonder of nature.D.He

848、 shouldnt have counted his blessings.答案1.A2.D3.C4.APassage 58(2014湖北,E)For most city people,the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains,jets,and even bicycles.Dr.Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator expert

849、s who consider this a misunderstanding.Without the elevator,they point out,there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings,and city life as we know it would be impossible.In that sense,they argue,the elevators role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars.In fact,a

850、ccording to Wilk,the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century,with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地),and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的)columns.If we tend to ignore the significance of elevato

851、rs,it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief,boring,and even awkward experienceone that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common,and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that were hanging from a cable in a long passage.In a new book,Lifted,German j

852、ournalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience,studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience.“After 150 years,we are still not used to i

853、t,”Bernard said.“We still have not exactly learned to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.”That mixture,according to Bernard,sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives.Today,as the worlds urban population explodes,a

854、nd cities become more crowded,taller,and more crowded,Americas total number of elevators900,000 at last count,according to Elevator World magazines “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”are a force thats becoming more important than ever.And for the people who really,really love them,it seems like

855、high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are.1.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.B.The desire for a remarkable machine.C.The particular interests of experts.D.The general view of elevators.2.The authors purp

856、ose in mentioning cars is.A.to explain peoples preference for elevatorsB.to reveal their secret war against elevatorsC.to emphasize the importance of elevatorsD.to contrast their functions with elevators3.According to Prof. Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experienc

857、es?A.Uncomfortable conditions.B.Little physical space.C.Lack of excitement.D.Vertical direction.4.The author urges readers to consider.A.the relationship between cars and elevatorsB.the role of elevators in city developmentC.the serious future situation of elevatorsD.the exact number of elevator lov

858、ers答案1.D2.C3.B4.BPassage 59(2014江苏,B)However wealthy we may be,we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want.Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost,which simply refers to whether someones time or money could be better spent on something else.Ev

859、ery hour of our time has a value.For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another,or be sleeping or watching a film.Each of these options has a different opportunity costnamely,what they cost us in missed opportunities.Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets

860、are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium.Why not,you might reason,watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends?Thisthe alternative use of your cash and timeis the opportunity cost.For economists,every decision is

861、made by knowledge of what one must forgoin terms of money and enjoymentin order to take it up.By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on,you ought to be able to make better-informed,more reasonable decisions.Consider that most famous economic rule of all:theres no su

862、ch thing as a free lunch.Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free,the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging:imagine spending your entire life calculating w

863、hether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable.Yet,in a sense its human nature to do precisely thatwe assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.In the business world,a popular phrase is “value for money.”People want their cash to

864、 go as far as possible.However,another is fast obtaining an advantage:“value for time.”The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something,so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time.By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of yo

865、ur time which could be spent doing other activities,such as sleeping and eating.In return,however,this passage will help you to think like an economist,closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.1.According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to.A.mak

866、ing more money B.taking more opportunitiesC.reducing missed opportunities D.weighing the choice of opportunities2.The “leftover.time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time.A.spared for watching the match at homeB.taken to have dinner with friendsC.spent on the way to and from the matchD.saved f

867、rom not going to watch the match3.What are forgone opportunities?A.Opportunities you forget in decision-making.B.Opportunities you give up for better ones.C.Opportunities you miss accidentally.D.Opportunities you make up for.答案1.D2.C3.BPassage 60(2014江苏,C)Most damagingly,anger weakens a persons abil

868、ity to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour.The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.Not everyone experience anger in the same way;what angers one person may amuse another.The specific expression of ang

869、er also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture,physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.We no longer regard duels(决斗)as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one persons awareness of

870、 insulting behaviour on the part of another.Anger can be identified in the brain,where the electrical activity changes.Under most conditions,EEG(脑电图)measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal(额叶前部)areas.Behaviourally this corresponds to the general e

871、ven-handed disposition(意向)that most of us possess most of the time.But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas arent balanced and,as a result of this,were likely to react.And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions,whether positive

872、or negative.Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour:we move closer to people we like.Most negative emotions,in contrast,are associated with avoidance behaviour:we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious.But anger is an exception to this pattern.

873、The angrier we are,the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger:the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.This approach-and-confront behaviour is accom

874、panied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry(不对称)of EEG activity.Interestingly,this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy(同感)towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response.In defensive anger,in contrast,the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry per

875、son feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.1.The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger.A.usually has a biological basisB.varies among peopleC.is socially and culturally shapedD.influences ones thinking and evaluation2.What changes can be found in an

876、angry brain?A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.C.Electrical activity corresponds to ones behaviour.D.Electrical activity agrees with ones disposition.3.Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?A.Approaching the source of ange

877、r.B.Trying to control what is disliked.C.Moving away from what is disliked.D.Feeling helpless in the face of anger.4.What is the key message of the last paragraph?A.How anger differs from other emotions.B.How anger relates to other emotions.C.Behavioural responses to anger.D.Behavioural patterns of

878、anger.答案1.C2.B3.A4.DPassage 61(2014江西,B)HOLIDAY FUN AT THE POWERHOUSE500 HARRIS STREET ULTIMOTELEPHONE(02)9217 0111Join in the holiday fun at the Powerhouse this month linked to our new exhibition, Evolution & Revolution: Chinese dress 1700s to now. DONT FORGET our other special event, the Club Med

879、Circus School which is part of the Circus(马戏团)!150 years of circus in Australia exhibition experience!Chinese Folk Dancing:Colorful Chinese dance and musical performances by The Chinese Folk Dancing School of Sydney. Dances include: the Golden stick dance and the Chinese drum dance. A feature will b

880、e the Qin dynasty Emperors court dance. Also included is a show of face painting for Beijing opera performances.Sunday 29 June and Wednesday 2 July in the Turbine Hall,at 11.30 am & 1.30 pm.Australian Chinese Childrens Arts Theatre:Well-known childrens play experts from Shanghai lead this dynamic yo

881、uth group. Performances include Chinese fairy tales and plays.Thursday 3 to Sunday 6 July in the Turbine Hall, at 11.30 am & 1.30 pm.Chinese Youth League:A traditional performing arts group featuring performance highlights such as the Red scarf and Spring flower dances, and a musician playing Er Hu.

882、Sunday 6 to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall,11.30 am to 1.30 pm.Kids Activity:Make a Paper Horse:Young children make a paper horse cut-out.(The horse is a frequent theme in Chinese painting,indicating a kind of advancement.)Suitable for ages 812 years.Saturday 28 June to Tuesday 8 July in the Tur

883、bine Hall,12.00 pm to 1.00 pm.Club Med Circus School:Learn circus skills, including the trapeze, trampolining and magic. Note only for children over 5. There are 40 places available in each 1 hour session and these must be booked at the front desk,level 4,on the day.Tuesday 1 to Saturday 5 July at 1

884、1.30 am & 1.00 pm.Enjoy unlimited free visits and many other benefits by becoming a Family member of the Powerhouse.Our family memberships cover two adults and all children under the age of 16 years at the one address.Members receive Powerline, our monthly magazine, discounts in the shops and the re

885、staurants, as well as free admission to the Museum. All this for as little as $50.00 a year! Call (02)9217 0600 for more details.1.When can you watch the Chinese drum dance?A.On July 2.B.On July 3.C.On July 6.D.On July 8.2.To learn the magic tricks, you can go to.A.Kids ActivityB.Chinese Youth Leagu

886、eC.Club Med Circus SchoolD.Childrens Arts Theatre3.What is required if you want to enjoy free visits to the Museum?A.Calling (02)9217 0600.B.Gaining family membership.C.Coming for the holiday fun.D.Paying Powerline $50.00 a year.4.What is the main purpose of the text?A.To attract visitors.B.To prese

887、nt schedules.C.To report the performances.D.To teach kids Chinese arts.答案1.A2.C3.B4.APassage 62(2014辽宁,A)A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(笔记本电脑).Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of spe

888、ed and legibility(清晰度).But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what th

889、e professors said.In the first experiment,students were given either a laptop or pen and paper.They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills.Thirty minutes after the talk,they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood co

890、ncepts.The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.However,the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts.Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.The researchers report said,“While more notes are beneficial,i

891、f the notes are taken mindlessly,as is more likely the case on a laptop,the benefit disappears.” In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory,students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture.This time,the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly bette

892、r on the exam.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding,but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.1.More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can.A.write more notesB.digest concepts bette

893、rC.get higher scoresD.understand lectures better2.While taking notes, laptop users tend to be.A.skillfulB.mindlessC.thoughtfulD.tireless3.The author of the passage aims to.A.examine the importance of long-term memoryB.stress the benefit of taking notes by handC.explain the process of taking notesD.p

894、romote the use of laptops4.The passage is likely to appear in.A.a newspaper advertisementB.a computer textbookC.a science magazineD.a finance report答案1.A2.B3.B4.CPassage 63(2014辽宁,B)(Q=Question;A=Answer)Situation Q:If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move?A:Mayb

895、e, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close sitter doesnt realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly arent the first person hes met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show.Situation Q:If I use the bathroom at a

896、 store,do I need to buy something?A:Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time thing or an emergency? If so, you dont have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you are a customer, and you should act like one.Situatio

897、n Q:If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down?A:No. Try other means:1)Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2)Lift your finger in a silence motion(动作)and smile. 3)Put on earphones and ignore him.Situation Q:If I remember my friends birt

898、hday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened?A:This is the reason why the word belated was invented. “Happy belated birthday!”is short for:“Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday.”Situation Q:Can I lie about seeing a

899、 text because I was too busy or lazy to respond(回复)to it?A:Dont lie.Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it.Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve?“Yes,”you can say if ever asked, “I saw it.”No explanation is needed as to why you dont respond.1.You will get annoyed

900、 in a theater when.A.a person is too activeB.a person is too rude to youC.a person talks too loudlyD.a person sits too close to you2.How will you quiet someone down in a public place?A.By making fun of him continuously.B.By looking purposefully at him.C.By talking to him directly.D.By pointing angri

901、ly at him.3.The underlined word “belated” in Situation probably means.A.predictedB.returnedC.cancelledD.delayed4.What is the passage mainly about?A.Modern ways to mind your manners.B.Different ways to change others manners.C.Proper manners to offer help to others.D.Good manners to talk to people.答案1

902、.D2.B3.D4.APassage 64(2014辽宁,D)Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees(雇员)and profits(利润)of over$2 million per year.Hes never late to work.He does not get upset on the job.When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her,Travis took her away.

903、“Your working uniform is your shelter,”he told her.“Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you.You will always be as strong as you want to be.”Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses,an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employees occupatio

904、n.The training has,Travis says,changed his life.G&G has taught him how to live,how to focus,how to get to work on time,and how to master his emotions(情绪).Most importantly,it taught him willpower.At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit:willpower.Dozens of cases s

905、how that willpower is the single most important habit for a persons success.And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.“Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control arent working hardbut thats because theyve made it automatic,”Angela Duckworth,one of the University

906、 of Pennsylvania researchers said.“Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it.”The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self-control.Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers lives.Those

907、 courses are,in part,why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.1.We learn from Paragraph 2 that employees in G&G must.A.learn to give lecturesB.attend education programsC.design a working uniformD.dev

908、elop a common hobby2.Willpower will become a habit when employees can.A.focus on the profitsB.benefit from the jobC.protect themselves wellD.control their feelings well3.What can we infer from the passage?A.G&G has grown into a large company.B.G&G will spend half its profits training employees.C.G&G

909、 may become more successful in the future.D.G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.答案1.B2.D3.CPassage 65(2014陕西,A)Our warming planet is expected to face serious water crises(危机)in the coming decadeswhich means each nations natural resources will be more important than ever.Percent of total l

910、and areacovered by forests(2011)WORLD AVERAGE30.88TOP 5 AVERAGE90.15Freshwater resources, cubickilometers per year(2011)WORLD AVERAGE241TOP 5 AVERAGE3,642Freshwater resources, cubic meters per person(2011)WORLD AVERAGE6,122TOP 5 AVERAGE244,9731.SURINAME94.58REST OF TOP 52.Micronesia91.663.Seychelles

911、88.484.Samoa88.405.Palau87.61123.CHINA22.471.BRAZIL5,418REST OF TOP 52.Russian Federation4,3133.Canada2,8504.the United States2,8185.CHINA2,8131.ICELAND532,891REST OF TOP 52.Guyana304,7233.Suriname166,1124.Papua New Guinea114,2165.Bhutan106,923102.CHINA2,092 1.According to the statistics, what is th

912、e world average of freshwater resources per person?A.244,973 cubic meters.B.241 cubic kilometers.C.3,642 cubic kilometers.D.6,122 cubic meters.2.Which country or region has the most freshwater resources per year?A.Guyana.B.Brazil.C.Iceland.D.China.3.Which country or region appears twice on the Top 5

913、 lists?A.Bhutan.B.Seychelles.C.Canada.D.Suriname.答案1.D2.B3.DPassage 66(2014陕西,B)When I told my father that I was moving to Des Moines,Iowa,he told me about the only time he had been there.It was in the 1930s,when he was an editor of the literary magazine of Southern Methodist University(SMU)in Dalla

914、s,Texas.He also worked as a professor at SMU,and there was a girl student in his class who suffered from a serious back disease.She couldnt afford the operation because her family was poor.Her mother ran a boarding house in Galveston,a seaside town near Houston,Texas.She was cleaning out the attic(阁

915、楼)one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript(手稿).On its top page were the words,“By O.Henry.”It was a nice story,and she sent it to her daughter at SMU,who showed it to my father.My father had never read the story before,but it sounded like O.Henry,and he knew that O.Henry had once lived i

916、n Houston.So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Galveston boarding house,and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident.My father visited an O.Henry expert at Columbia University in New York,who authenticated the story as O.Henr

917、ys.My father then set out to sell it.Eventually,he found himself in Des Moines,meeting with Gardner Cowles,a top editor at the Des Moines Register.Cowles loved the story and bought it on the spot.My father took the money to the girl.It was just enough for her to have the operation she so desperately

918、 needed.My father never told me what the O.Henry story was about.But I doubt that it could have been better than his own story.1.Who found the O.Henrys manuscript?A.The girls mother.B.The authors father.C.The girl.D.The author.2.Which of the following might explain the fact that the manuscript was f

919、ound in the attic?A.O.Henry once worked in Houston.B.O.Henry once stayed in Galveston.C.O.Henry once moved to Des Moines.D.O.Henry once taught at SMU.3.The underlined word “authenticated” in Paragraph 2 probably means.A.namedB.treatedC.provedD.described4.According to the text,why did the authors fat

920、her go to Des Moines?A.To sell the O.Henry story.B.To meet the author himself.C.To talk with the O.Henry expert.D.To give money to the girl.答案语篇解读1.A2.B3.C4.APassage 67(2014陕西,C)Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight,while the French,who consume rich food,continue to stay thin?Now a re

921、search by Cornell University suggests how lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight.Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full.However,Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.According to Dr.Joseph Mercola,a he

922、alth expert,the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle.They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table,while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities.Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are a

923、ctually full.So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped.In addition,he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week.The French,instead,tend to shop daily,walking to small shops and farmers markets where they have a choice of fresh

924、 fruits,vegetables,and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.After a visit to the United States,Mireille Guiliano,author of French Women Dont Get Fat,decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food.Today she continues to stay slim and

925、 rarely goes to the gym.In spite of all these differences,evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits.Today the rate of obesityor extreme overweightamong adults is only 6%.However,as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions,the

926、obesity rate among French children has reached 17%and is growing.1.In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr.Joseph Mercola?A.They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.B.They squeeze eating between the other daily activities.C.They regard eating as a key part of thei

927、r lifestyle.D.They usually eat too much canned and frozen food.2.This text is mainly about the relationship between.A.Americans and the FrenchB.lifestyle and obesityC.children and adultsD.fast food and overweight3.This text is mainly developed.A.by contrastB.by spaceC.by processD.by classification4.

928、Where does this text probably come from?A.A TV interview.B.A food advertisement.C.A health report.D.A book review.答案1.C2.B3.A4.CPassage 68(2014陕西,D)One afternoon last week,I saw three tearful children from my sons school being comforted by teachers.That morning,my 11-year-old son had stomach pains,r

929、etching(干呕)into a bowl.Talking to other mothers later,I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.What caused so much pain?Sports day.Sports day might be necessary at a highly-competitive independent school,but not at a village primary school.For the childre

930、n who can fly like the wind,sports day causes no problem.For those who are overweight or just not good at sport,it is a nightmare(噩梦).Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents,it can prove a disaster.Why do we put our children th

931、rough this annual suffering?Some may say competition is character building;or its taking part,not winning,thats important;or that it is a tradition of school life.I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain.Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races,wild enthusia

932、sm,lots of shoutingand were fun to watch.More importantly,the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyones eyes.Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side.I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less-

933、competitive event.Perhaps an afternoon of team games,with a few races for those who want them,would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.1.What can we learn about the authors son from Paragraph 1?A.He talked with some mothers.B.He comforted his classmates.C.He had difficult

934、y in sleeping.D.He suffered from stomachache.2.Sports day is still an annual event in this school probably because.A.this is an independent schoolB.it is a tradition of the schoolC.it helps children lose weightD.children enjoy watching sports3.What does the author think about team games?A.They shoul

935、d include more stressful races.B.They are acceptable to different children.C.They should be abandoned at primary schools.D.They are less fun for those who love running.4.What is the authors attitude towards sports day?A.Critical.B.Neutral.C.Positive.D.Ambiguous.答案语篇解读1.D2.B3.B4.APassage 69(2014四川,A)

936、Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someones life?If yes,dont care about sex or age!Come and join us,and then youll make it!Position:Volunteer Social Care Assistant(No Pay with Free Meals)Place:ManchesterHours:Part TimeWe are now looking for volunteers to sup

937、port people with learning disabilities to live active lives!Only 4 days left.Dont miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!Role:You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives.You will help them to develop new skills.You will help them to pro

938、tect their rights and their safety.But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.Skills and Experience Required:You will have the right values and great listening skills.You will be honest and patient.You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and sp

939、oken English since youll have to help those people with different learning disabilities.Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you.1.The text is meant to.A.leave a noteB.send an invitationC.present a documentD.carry an advertisement2.What does the underlined part mean?A.Youll

940、 make others lives more meaningful with this job.B.Youll arrive home just in time from this job.C.Youll earn a good salary from this job.D.Youll succeed in getting this job.3.The volunteers primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities.A.to get some financial supportB.to proper

941、ly protect themselvesC.to learn some new living skillsD.to realize their own importance4.Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?A.The one who can drive a car.B.The one who has done similar work before.C.The one who has patience to listen to others.D.The one who can use English to

942、communicate.答案1.D2.A3.D4.BPassage 70(2014四川,B)In 1943,when I was 4,my parents moved from Coeur dAlene,Idaho,to Fairbanks,Alaska,where adventure was never very far away.We arrived in the summer,just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.All that sunlight was fantastic for Moms vegetable garden.Working in

943、 the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off,so she didnt care much about my bedtime.Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk.That left me in a mess.I usually managed to find some trouble to get into.Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of a hotel.I had tried to

944、 light a barrel(桶)of paint but couldnt really get a good fire going.The smoke got pretty bad,though,and when I made my exit,a crowd and the police were there to greet me.The policemen took my matches and drove me home.Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me,and the

945、y did!I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me.I hadnt turned 5 yet.As I entered kindergarten,the serious cold began to set in.Would it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school?As for Leonhard Seppala,famous as a dog sledder(驾雪橇者),I think I knew h

946、im well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday.At the time I didnt realize what a superstar he was,but I do remember the ride well.I was wrapped(包裹)heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.In 1950,we moved back to Coeur dAlene,but we got one more Al

947、askan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska.1.What can be inferred about the authors family?A.His father was a cruel man.B.His parents didnt love him.C.His parents used to be very busy.D.His mother didnt ha

948、ve any jobs.2.What happened when the author was 4?A.He learned to smoke.B.He was locked in a basement.C.He was arrested by the police.D.He nearly caused a fire accident.3.Which of the following is true?A.Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.B.The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.C.Leonha

949、rd often visited the authors family after 1950.D.The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.4.What is the authors purpose of writing the text?A.To look back on his childhood with adventures.B.To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.C.To express how much he misses Leonhard.D.To s

950、how off his pride in making trouble.答案1.C2.D3.A4.APassage 71(2014四川,D)With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture,it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes;it is not even a sur

951、prise that most of them are still in their pyjamas(睡衣).Obviously,students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.All human beings possess a body clock.Along with other alerting(警报)systems,this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which

952、 govern sleep behaviour.Typically,the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents,which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings.This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the“night owl”schedule of sleep.This is opposed to the“early bird”schedule,

953、and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight.Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings.Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night.Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of pe

954、ople can be classified as“night owls”and only 10 percent can be classified as “early birds”the other 70 percent are in the middle.Although this is clearly not true for all students,for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately

955、 fall before midday.1.What does the author stress in Paragraph 1?A.Many students are absent from class.B.Students are very tired on Monday mornings.C.Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.D.Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.2.Which of the following is true according to P

956、aragraph 2?A.Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.B.Students dont sleep well because of alerting systems.C.Ones body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.D.Adolescents delayed sleep/wake cycle isnt the preferred pattern.3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the

957、underlined word“classified”?A.Criticised.B.Grouped.C.Organised.D.Named.4.What does the text mainly talk about?A.Functions of the body clock.B.The“night owl”phenomenon.C.Human beings sleep behaviour.D.The school schedule of “early birds”.答案1.C2.D3.B4.BPassage 72(2014四川,E)Women are friendly.But men ar

958、e more competitive.Why?Researchers have found its all down to the hormone oxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素).Although known as the love hormone,it affects the sexes differently.“Women tend to be social in their behavior.They often share with others.But men tend to be competitive.They are trying to improve their socia

959、l status,”said Professor Ryan.Generally,people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions(互动)such as falling in love or giving birth.But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan fo

960、und that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships,but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.Professor Ryans recent e

961、xperiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37.Half of the participants(参与者)received oxytocin.The other half received placebo(安慰剂).After a week,the two groups switched with participants.They went through the same procedure with the other material.Following each treatment,they were shown some video pi

962、ctures with different social interactions.Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions.The questions were about telling friendship from competition.And their answers should be based on gestures,body language and facial expressions.The results indicated that,after tre

963、atment with oxytocin,mens ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved,but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.Professor Ryan thus concluded:“Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise peoples abilities to better distingui

964、sh different social interactions.And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors(因素)that are mainly hormonal.”1.What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?A.Placebo.B.Oxytocin.C.The gesture.D.The social status.2.What can we learn from Pr

965、ofessor Ryans previous experiment?A.Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.B.Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.C.Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others success.D.Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand peoples behavior differences.3.Why did Pro

966、fessor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?A.To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.B.To know the differences between friendship and competition.C.To know peoples different abilities to answer questions.D.To test peoples understanding of body language.4.The aut

967、hor develops the text by.A.explaining peoples behaviorsB.describing his own experiencesC.distinguishing sexual differencesD.discussing research experiments答案1.B2.C3.A 4.DPassage 73(2014浙江,A)Wealth starts with a goal and saving a dollar at a time.Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略).There are lessons

968、in that time-honored coin-savings container.Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps.If you wished to climb a 12,000-foot mountain,and could do it a day at a time,you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach the top in a year.If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for

969、 a special occasion,to collect the $15,000 cost,you have to save $3.93 a day.If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1,434 in a savings account at 1% interest rate after-tax,you will have your trip money.When I was a child,my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that,if I wa

970、nted something,I should save money to buy it.We associate piggy banks with children,but in many countries,the little containers are also popular with adults.Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.Around the world,many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Years Day brings go

971、od luck and financial success.Ah,yes,but you have to put something in it.Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving?Why not an elephant bank,which is bigger and holds more coins?In the Middle Ages,before modern banking and credit instruments,people saved money at home,a few coins at a time dropped into

972、 a jar or dish.Potters(制陶工)made these inexpensive containers from an orange-colored clay(黏土)called “pygg”,and folks saved coins in pygg jars.The Middle English word for pig was “pigge”.While the Saxons pronounced pygg,referring to the clay,as “pug”,eventually the two words changed into the same pron

973、unciation,sounding the “i” as in pig or piggy.As the word became less associated with the orange clay and more with the animal,a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig,delighting children and adults.The piggy bank was born.Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money,br

974、inging in a sense of seriousness into savings.While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving,adults often need to relearn childhood lessons.Think about the things in life that require large amounts of moneycollege education,weddings,cars,medical care,starting a business,buying a home,and fun

975、stuff like great trips.So when you have money,take off the top 10%,put it aside,save and invest wisely.1.What is the piggy bank strategy?A.Paying 1% income tax at a time.B.Setting a goal before making a travel plan.C.Aiming high even when doing small things.D.Putting aside a little money regularly f

976、or future use.2.Why did the writers parents give him a piggy bank as a gift?A.To delight him with the latest fashion.B.To encourage him to climb mountains.C.To help him form the habit of saving.D.To teach him English pronunciation.3.What does the underlined word “something”(Paragraph 3)most probably

977、 refer to?A.Money.B.Gifts.C.Financial success.D.Good luck.4.The piggy bank originally was.A.a potters instrumentB.a cheap clay containerC.an animal-shaped dishD.a pig-like toy for children5.The last paragraph talks about.A.the seriousness of educating childrenB.the enjoyment of taking a great tripC.

978、the importance of managing moneyD.the difficulty of starting a business答案1.D2.C3.A4.B5.CPassage 74(2014浙江,B)Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.In BrazilBrazilians are warm and friendly.They often stand close when talking and it

979、 is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder.People often greet each other(particularly women)with light cheek kisses.Schedules tend to be flexible,with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned.But to be safe,be on time.Meals can stretch for hourstheres no such thing as rus

980、hing a meal in Brazil.Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon.Brazilians are social,preferring face-to-face communication over emails or phone calls.In SingaporeSingaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small,polite bow.Business cards should be offere

981、d and received with two hands.Arriving late is considered disrespectful.So be on time.Efficiency(效率)is the goal,so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced.Singaporeans are direct in their discussions,even when the subject is about money.Rank is important and authority is respected.This determines

982、 how people interact in meetings.For example,people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank.In the United Arab EmiratesIn the UAE,status is important,so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles.The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere.So do not pull

983、 away from the handshake.Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress.Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部)and down to the knees.People do not avoid entertaining in their homes,but they also hold business meals at restaurants.Touching or passing food or eating with your left ha

984、nd is to be avoided.When meetings are one-to-one,if your host offers you coffee,you should refuse.It might seem odd,but it is a cultural tradition.Coffee should only be accepted if it is already set out or presented.In SwitzerlandThe Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name.They a

985、lso are respectful of private lives.You should be careful not to ask about personal topics.Punctuality(守时)is vital,something that comes from a deep respect for others time.Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe.They also have clear structure in their companies.Higher-ups make

986、the final decisions,even if others might disagree.Neat,clean dress is expected.The Swiss follow formal table manners.They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table.It is polite to finish the food on your plate.1.The passage is mainly about.A.communication typesB.the w

987、orkplace atmosphereC.customs and social mannersD.living conditions and standards2.Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss?A.They put efficiency in the first place.B.They dislike face-to-face communication.C.They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible.D.They are supposed to obey the

988、 person of a higher rank.3.In the UAE, when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered?A.When greeting seniors.B.When meeting the host alone.C.When attending a presentation.D.When dining with business partners.4.In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table?A.

989、In Brazil. B.In Singapore.C.In the United Arab Emirates. D.In Switzerland.答案1.C2.D3.B4.DPassage 75(2014浙江,D)A city childs summer is spent in the street in front of his home,and all through the long summer vacations I sat on the edge of the street and watched enviously the other boys on the block pla

990、y baseball.I was never asked to take part even when one team had a member missingnot out of special cruelty,but because they took it for granted I would be no good at it.They were right,of course.I would never forget the wonderful evening when something changed.The baseball ended about eight or eigh

991、t thirty when it grew dark.Then it was the custom of the boys to retire to a little stoop(门廊)that stuck out from the candy store on the corner and that somehow had become theirs.No grownup ever sat there or attempted to.There the boys would sit,mostly talking about the games played during the day an

992、d of the game to be played tomorrow.Then long silences would fall and the boys would wander off one by one.It was just after one of those long silences that my life as an outsider changed.I can no longer remember which boy it was that summer evening who broke the silence with a question;but whoever

993、he was,I nod to him gratefully now.“Whats in those books youre always reading?”he asked casually.“Stories,”I answered.“What kind?”asked somebody else without much interest.Nor do I know what drove me to behave as I did,for usually I just sat there in silence,glad enough to be allowed to remain among

994、 them;but instead of answering his question,I told them for two hours the story I was reading at the moment.The book was Sister Carrie.They listened bug-eyed and breathless.I must have told it well,but I think there was another and deeper reason that made them so keen an audience.Listening to a tale

995、 being told in the dark is one of the most ancient of mans entertainments,but I was offering them as well,without being aware of doing it,a new and exciting experience.The books they themselves read were the Rover Boys or Tom Swift or G.A.Henty.I had read them too,but at thirteen I had long since le

996、ft them behind.Since I was much alone I had become an enthusiastic reader and I had gone through the books-for-boys-series.In those days there was no reading material between childrens and grownups books,or I could find none.I had gone right from Tom Swift and His Flying Machine to Theodore Dreiser

997、and Sister Carrie.Dreiser had hit my young mind,and they listened to me tell the story with some of the wonder that I had had in reading it.The next night and many nights thereafter,a kind of unspoken ritual(仪式)took place.As it grew dark,I would take my place in the center of the stoop and begin the

998、 evenings tale.Some nights,in order to taste my victory more completely,I cheated.I would stop at the most exciting part of a story by Jack London or Bret Harte,and without warning tell them that that was as far as I had gone in the book and it would have to be continued the following evening.It was

999、 not true,of course;but I had to make certain of my new-found power and position.I enjoyed the long summer evenings until school began in the fall.Other words of mine have been listened to by larger and more fashionable audiences,but for that tough and athletic one that sat close on the stoop outsid

1000、e the candy store,I have an unreasoning love that will last forever.1.Watching the boys playing baseball, the writer must have felt.A.bitter and lonelyB.special and differentC.pleased and excitedD.disturbed and annoyed2.The writer feels grateful even now to the boy who asked the question because the

1001、 boy.A.invited him to join in their game B.liked the book that he was readingC.broke the long silence of that summer evening D.offered him an opportunity that changed his life3.According to Paragraph 3, story-telling was popular among the boys basically because.A.the story was from a childrens bookB

1002、.listening to tales was an age-old practiceC.the boys had few entertainments after darkD.the boys didnt read books by themselves4.The boys were attracted to Sister Carrie because.A.it was written by Theodore DreiserB.it was specifically targeted at boysC.it gave them a deeper feeling of pleasureD.it

1003、 talked about the wonders of the world5.Sometimes the writer stopped at the most exciting part of a story to.A.play a mean trick on the boysB.experience more joy of achievementC.add his own imagination to the storyD.help the boys understand the story better6.What is the message conveyed in the story

1004、?A.One can find his position in life in his own way.B.Friendship is built upon respect for each other.C.Reading is more important than playing games.D.Adult habits are developed from childhood.答案1.A2.D3.B4.C5.B6.APassage 76(2014重庆,A)I was never very neat,while my roommate Kate was extremely organize

1005、d.Each of her objects had its place,but mine always hid somewhere.She even labeled(贴标签)everything.I always looked for everything.Over time,Kate got neater and I got messier.She would push my dirty clothing over,and I would lay my books on her tidy desk.We both got tired of each other.War broke out o

1006、ne evening.Kate came into the room.Soon,I heard her screaming,“Take your shoes away!Why under my bed!”Deafened,I saw my shoes flying at me.I jumped to my feet and started yelling.She yelled back louder.The room was filled with anger.We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a pho

1007、ne call.Kate answered it.From her end of the conversation,I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill.When she hung up,she quickly crawled(爬)under her covers,sobbing.Obviously,that was something she should not go through alone.All of a sudden,a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.

1008、Slowly,I collected the pencils,took back the books,made my bed,cleaned the socks and swept the floor,even on her side.I got so into my work that I even didnt notice Kate had sat up.She was watching,her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief.Then,she reached out her hands to grasp mine.I loo

1009、ked up into her eyes.She smiled at me,“Thanks.”Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year.We didnt always agree,but we learned the key to living together:giving in,cleaning up and holding on.1.What made Kate so angry one evening?A.She couldnt find her books.B.She heard the author shouting

1010、loud.C.She got the news that her grandma was ill.D.She saw the authors shoes beneath her bed.2.The author tidied up the room most probably because.A.she was scared by Kates anger B.she hated herself for being so messyC.she wanted to show her care D.she was asked by Kate to do so3.How is Paragraph 1

1011、mainly developed?A.By analyzing causes.B.By showing differences.C.By describing a process.D.By following time order.4.What might be the best title for the story?A.My Friend Kate B.Hard Work Pays OffC.How to Be Organized D.Learning to Be Roommates答案1.D2.C3.B4.DPassage 77(2014重庆,B)There have always be

1012、en a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they cant help putting on weight as they get older,while others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths:Ill never lose weightI come from a fat

1013、 familyWrong!While we cant change the body type we are born with,we cant blame our genes for making us fat.Theres plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families,and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.I am fat because I burn calories slow

1014、lyWrong!Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In fact,although fat people consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat!Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.Exercise is boringWrong!Anything will become boring if yo

1015、u do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied program thats fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different route.If you do yoga,try a tai chi class.If you like swimming,set yourself a distance or time challenge.No pain,no gainWrong!Exercise is not meant to

1016、hurt.Indeed,pain is your body telling you somethings wrong,and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly,but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively

1017、quickly.If they dont,rest and seek medical advice.1.What does the author think about being fat?A.It is the family genes that make people fat.B.People are fat because they consume too little energy.C.A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.D.It is the consequence of peoples unbalance

1018、d lifestyle.2.According to the author, how can we make exercise more interesting?A.By taking varied exercise.B.By choosing simple exercise.C.By doing regular exercise.D.By sticking to outdoor exercise.3.What is the authors opinion about “No pain, no gain” in exercising?A.Keeping fit is essentially a

1019、 painful experience.B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To declare the importance of keeping fit.B.To clarify some misc

1020、onceptions about fatness and exercise.C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.答案1.D2.A3.B4.BPassage 78(2014重庆,C)The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly.Sadly,biological facts prev

1021、ent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aidwe simply weigh too much,and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet,resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.However,several types of animals can walk on water.One of the most interesting is the common basilisk

1022、 Basilicus basilicus,a lizard(蜥蜴)native to Central and South America.It can run across water for a distance of several meters,avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the waters surface with its feet.The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.For humans to do this,wed

1023、need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate “hitting.”But fortunately there is an alternative:cornflour.By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water(and it does take a lot),you can create a “non-Newtonian” liquid that doesnt behave like normal water.Now

1024、,if the surface of the water is hit hard enough,particles(粒子)in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard.Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step,and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.Fun though all this may sound,i

1025、ts still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.If you must do it,then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sinkand take a shower afterward!1.Walking on water hasnt become a reality mainly because humans.A.are not interested in itB.have biological limita

1026、tionsC.have not invented proper toolsD.are afraid to make an attempt2.What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage?A.It is light enough to walk on water.B.Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.C.It can run across water at a certain speed.D.Its unique skin keeps it from getting we

1027、t in water.3.What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?A.To create a thick liquid.B.To turn the water into solid.C.To help the liquid behave normally.D.To enable the water to move rapidly.4.What is the authors attitude toward the idea of humans walking on water?A.It is risky but

1028、 beneficial.B.It is interesting and worth trying.C.It is crazy and cannot become a reality.D.It is impractical though theoretically possible.答案1.B2.C3.A4.DPassage 79(2014重庆,E)Its generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.They recycle their garbag

1029、e because they care about the environment.They pay $5 for a caramel brule latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.Its undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情),but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are,as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Be

1030、m,by observing our own behavior.We can be strangers to ourselves.If we knew our own minds,why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior?If our minds were an open book,we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes.Actually,we often need to look to

1031、 our behavior to figure out who we are.Moreover,we dont just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of characterwe infer characters that werent there before.Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us,which we fail to recognize.Maybe we recycle because our wives and neig

1032、hbors would disapprove if we didnt.Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us.We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make,people become what they do,though it may not be in c

1033、ompliance(符合)with their true desires.Therefore,we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonneguts advice:“We are what we pretend to be,so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”1.According to the passage,personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to.A.determine ones behaviorB.reflect ones tas

1034、teC.influence ones surroundingsD.result from ones habits2.Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?A.The return of a wallet can indicate ones honesty.B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.C.One recycles plastics to protect the environment.D.One buys latte out of true

1035、love of coffee.3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?A.We fail to realize our inner dispositions.B.We can be influenced by outside pressures.C.Our behavior is the result of our true desires.D.Our characters can shape our social relationships.4.What does the author mainly

1036、 discuss in the passage?A.Personalities and attitudes.B.Preferences and habits.C.Behavior and personalities.D.Attitudes and preferences.答案1.A2.A3.B4.CPassage 80(2015福建,C)SIGN YOUR CHILD UP FOR“FLY TO THE MOON CLUB”AND ENJOY A FREE*FLIGHT TO ANY DESTINATION IN ASIA!With a registration fee of just $50

1037、 per child,children under the age of 12 can join Eagle Airways FLY TO THE MOON CLUB as members.They can then enjoy the same benefits onboard Eagle Airways newest Boeing-797 to any destination in the world!BENEFITS YOU CANT MISS!A free* flight to any destination in Asia30% off any course at Tanya Lan

1038、guage School20% off any purchase made at Ruby BookstoreA free notebook with every purchase above $50 at Starlight StationeryA free bowl of dessert for a family of four at Dons Diners with every set dinner orderedA birthday gift on your childs birthdayA free album containing pictures taken during the

1039、 journeyAll bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance for the entire family!*Insurance is issued by Live Life Insurance Group.10% OFF ALL BOOKINGSfor departures from 5 to 11 September 2015*Child must be accompanied by two paying adults.*Terms and conditions apply.1.One of

1040、the benefits mentioned in the advertisement is.A.a free flight to any destination in the worldB.30% off any book purchased at Ruby BookstoreC.a free bowl of dessert at any restaurant at the airportD.a discount on any course at Tanya Language School2.Which of the following bookings may receive the mo

1041、st benefits?A. Booking dateDeparture dateSeptember 13September 18B. Booking dateDeparture dateSeptember 2September 12C. Booking dateDeparture dateAugust 15September 4D. Booking dateDeparture dateAugust 16September 83.Which of the following is TRUE according to the advertisement?A.You need to pay $50

1042、 to sign up a child for the club.B.Club members enjoy free travel insurance for any flight.C.The advertisement is intended for students of all ages.D.Any child must be accompanied by at least one paying adult.答案1.D2.D3.A对于广告类题材的阅读文章,解题的方法是先浏览问题,然后带着问题在文章中用跳读的方法来搜寻相关信息,这样可以快速解题。Passage 81(2015福建,E)Gr

1043、oup exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain(保持)a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging,yet fun and empowering!Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However,studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups,its not

1044、only great for improving physical health but for psychological health.Its an opportunity to be social,release endorphins(内啡肽),and improve your strength.Additionally,group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard.The instrumental support of taki

1045、ng on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and dont want to embarrass themselves.If you feel yo

1046、u can relate,then group training is an even better option for you.Its a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision(监管)of a fitness instructor.If youre tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored,you can attend an upbeat group fit

1047、ness class thatll keep your workout on track.Dont let fitness frighten you!If youre serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle,its extremely important to surround yourself with people wholl provide you with the proper emotional support.I wouldnt scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends

1048、and in turn I wouldnt expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health.Surround yourself with people who uplift,encourage and understand you!Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class,with a friend.Plan to go for a jog together.Then try a fun healthy r

1049、estaurant or fresh juice bar!Fitness can be both fun and social!Surrounding yourself with people wholl provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals.First,decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive.Then make sure t

1050、he people you surround yourself with are supportive.Dont let negativity ruin your motivation.1.The first paragraph focuses on.A.the greatest challenge of group exerciseB.the most effective way to improve physical fitnessC.the contribution of group exercise to psychological healthD.the shared common

1051、goal in performing exercise in groups2.The underlined word“upbeat”in the second paragraph probably means“”.A.cheerfulB.averageC.seriousD.temporary3.When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary.A.to sustain a colorful lifestyleB.to party on weekends with positive peopleC.to try

1052、a fun healthy restaurant regularlyD.to surround yourself with supportive people4.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Seeking SupportB.Supporting HealthC.Improving Your StrengthD.Building Up Fitness答案1.C2.A3.D4.BPassage 82(2015湖北,A)“I see youve got a bit of water on your coat,”said the man

1053、 at the petrol station.“Is it raining out there?”“No,its pretty nice,”I replied,checking my sleeve.“Oh,right.A pony(马驹)bit me earlier.”As it happened,the bite was virtually painless:more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child.The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream

1054、in the car park near Haytor,and perhaps thought Id jumped in ahead of him.The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods,despite signs asking them not to.By feeding the ponies,tourists increase the risk of them g

1055、etting hit by a car,and make them harder to gather during the areas annual pony drift(迁移).The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked,the baby ones can be stopped from feeding on their mothers milk,and those whove gone beyond their limited area can be returned to

1056、their correct area.Some of them are also later sold,in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.Three weeks ago,I witnessed a small near-disaster a few miles west of here.While walking,I noticed a pony roll over on his back.“Hello!”I said to him,assuming he w

1057、as just rolling for fun,but he was very still and,as I got closer,I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.I began to properly worry about him.Fortunately,I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoors Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo.The officer immediately sent a lo

1058、cal farmer out to check on the pony.The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks.The farmer freed him,and he began to run happily around again.Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies,who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area.Many people are working hard to preserve t

1059、hese ponies,and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的)future for one of Dartmoors most financially-troubled elements.1.Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?A.To protect the tourists from being bitten.B.To keep the ponies off the petrol station.C.To avoid putting the ponies

1060、 in danger.D.To prevent the ponies from fighting.2.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is.A.to feed baby ponies on milkB.to control the number of poniesC.to expand the habitat for poniesD.to sell the ponies at a good price3.What was the authors first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its

1061、back?A.He freed it from the trap.B.He called a protection officer.C.He worried about it very much.D.He thought of it as being naughty.4.What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoors ponies?A.It lacks peoples involvement.B.It costs a large amount of money.C.It will affect tourism in

1062、Dartmoor.D.It has caused an imbalance of species.答案1.C2.B3.D4.BPassage 83(2015湖北,C)Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland,the Netherlands.Unlike most of the Netherlands,Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil m

1063、ostly consisting of sand.Once called the Garden of Amsterdam,it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests.They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness.For Dutch people,Hilversum is all about textile(纺织)and media industries,and modern archi

1064、tecture.In history,Hilversum was largely an agricultural area.Daily life was marked by farming,sheep raising and wool production.A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum.They built themselves large villas(别墅)in the wooded surroundings of the town.One of

1065、the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers,currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands.They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum.But the textile boom lasted only several decades.The last factory closed in the 1960s.The ch

1066、ange to a media economy started in 1920,when the Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek(NSF)established a radio factory in Hilversum.Most radio stations settled in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town.Television gave another push to the local economy.Hilversum became the media capital of the

1067、Netherlands,and Dutch television stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.In the early 1900s,modern architects W.M.Dudok and J.Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum.These modern architectural masterpieces(杰作)are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an o

1068、pen air museum.Dudok alone shaped most of 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings still bear his unique characteristics.His masterpiece,Hilversum Town Hall,was built in 19281931.It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks.The building has a remarkable

1069、shape and looks like a combination of“blocks”.Actually,one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M.Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.1.Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that.A.it has a large populationB.it is cut off from big citiesC.it has

1070、 many beautiful gardensD.it is in a hilly area with sandy soil2.What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?A.Building a railway link to Amsterdam.B.Helping its textile industry to develop.C.Constructing large villas for the poor.D.Assisting its agricultural industry.3.The

1071、 beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of.A.a radio factory B.the media capital C.a radio station D.a TV station4.What is known about W.M.Dudoks Hilversum Town Hall?A.It consists of approximately 75 buildings.B.It looks like an open air museum in the city.C.It

1072、is a classic example in architecture textbooks.D.It has shaped most of 20th century Hilversum.答案1.D2.B3.A4.CPassage 84(2015湖北,D)The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main ques

1073、tion is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out,they float free in zero gravity,often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾)dancer.“Im an inside guy,”Mike Hopkins says,who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space S

1074、tation.“I like to be wrapped up.”On the station,the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity,its just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But

1075、 station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air,the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气)has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的)cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao,54,an America

1076、n retired astronaut after four flights,describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks youre falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight.That can be annoyingthats why some people feel sick.”Within a couple of daystruly terrible days for so

1077、meastronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear,and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance,astronauts lose bone mass.Thats why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Adm

1078、inistration(NASA)puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things:recovery time once astronauts return home,and,more importantly,how to maintain strength and fit

1079、ness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.1.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A.Deciding on a proper sleep position.B.Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.C.Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.D.Finding a right time to

1080、go to sleep.2.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when.A.they circle around on their bikesB.they use microcomputers without a stopC.they exercise in one place for a long timeD.they watch a movie while pedaling3.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days

1081、because.A.their senses stop workingB.they have to stand up straightC.they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD.their brains receive contradictory messages4.One of NASAs major concerns about astronauts is.A.how much exercise they do on the stationB.how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC.whether they can recover after returning homeD.whether they are able to go back to the station答案1.A2.C3.D4.B