人教版高中英语选修八 Unit3 Inventors and inventions-词汇篇（学生版）.docx

1、第5讲 Inventors and inventions 词汇篇_1. 熟练掌握重点单词及其用法；2. 能够熟练运用重点短语和句型。一. 重点词汇1. distinguish vt.& vi. 辨别，区别；显示.的差别；使.有所不同常用搭配：distinguish . from . 把.与.加以区分distinguish between . and. 把.与.加以区分distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同; 使自己扬名distinguish sb. by . 凭借.辨认某人I can distinguish them at a distance. 我在远处能够辨认出他们。Can

2、 you distinguish between those two objects? 你能区分那两个物体吗？Speech distinguishes man from the animals. 说话的能力把人与动物区别开来。The monitor distinguished himself by his performance in the examination. 班长用自己的考试成绩使自己出名了。拓展: distinguished adj. 卓越的，杰出的，著名的常用搭配： be distinguished for 因.而著名Einstein was distinguished for

3、his originality. 爱因斯坦以其独创性著称。2. convenient adj. 便利的，方便的，就近的（convenient 的主语往往是物而不是人）常用搭配：be convenient to sb. 对某人来说很方便be convenient for . 离.很近，对.来说方便It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便 Will 3 oclock be convenient for you? 3点钟对你来说方便吗？Im afraid this isnt a convenient moment to see you. 我想这个时候见你

4、恐怕不大合适。Our house is very convenient for the shops. 我们的房子离商店很近。 拓展: convenience n. 方便，便利；便利设施常用搭配：at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候 for convenience 为了方便起见for the convenience of sb. = for ones convenience 为了某人方便起见3. expectation n. 预料，期待，期望注意：expectation表示“期望、期待”，为不可数名词；当其意思为“期望的事物，前景”时，常用复数。常用搭配：beyond exp

5、ectation 出乎意料（较预期的大或好）in expectation of 预料，期望，期待against expectations 与预期相反He has little expectation of passing the exam. 他对考试及格不抱希望。I usually enjoy his films, but the latest one didnt come up to my expectations.我向来喜欢看他的影片,但他最近的一部并不符合我的期望。拓展: expect vt. 预料，预期；期望4. seize vt. 抓住，捉住；（军事）占领；（强烈的感情愿望等）突然影

6、响或控制（某人）常用搭配：seize sth. from sb. 从某人那儿夺去某物 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住时机seize hold of 抓住 She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住了我的手腕。 Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。Maggie seized the letter from her and began to read out loud. 玛吉从她手上把信抢过去，开始大声朗读。5. valid adj. 有效的，有根据的；正当的Your return ticket is valid for three

7、 months. 你的返程票有效期是三个月。Oversleeping is not a valid excuse for being late for school.睡过头并不是上学迟到的正当理由。Please provide a valid screen name. 请输入有效的显示名。6. bear点拨: bear（bore, borne）vt. 忍受，忍耐，负担；生产（农作物等）常用搭配：cant bear doing /to do忍受不了做某事(bear doing 表示习惯性动作；bear to do sth. 表示一次具体动作)bear in mind 牢记在心I couldnt

8、bear to listen any longer, so I left the room. 我不忍再听下去了，就离开了房间。She bore her sorrow without complaint. 她毫无怨言地忍受着悲痛。Will the ice on the lake bear your weight? 湖上的冰能承载你的体重吗？You must bear in mind that your parents expect you to become a good doctor. 你要牢记在心你父母希望你成为一名好医生。拓展: 表示“忍受”的词和短语：stand/ tolerate/ p

9、ut up with 忍受，容忍 cant have sb. doing sth. 不能忍受某人做某事7. tap vt.& vi. 轻打，轻拍，轻敲 n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头常用搭配：tap at/on 轻敲.；轻拍.The secretary tapped out a telegraph message with ten seconds.秘书10秒钟打出一份电报。They wont hear when you only tap on the door. Knock harder!你只是轻拍门他们听不见。使劲敲！8. current点拨: current n. （水或气）流，电流；

10、趋势She had to swim against the current. 她必须逆着水流往上游。We had better go with the current of the times. 我们最好跟上时代的潮流。Newspapers influence the current of thought. 报纸影响人们思维的方向。拓展: current adj. 现时的，当今的；流通的，通用的 currency n. 通货, 货币；通用，流通current English 当代英语current money通用的货币This word is no longer in current use.

11、 这个词现在已经不用了。The German currency is among the strongest in the world. 德国货币是世界上最坚挺的货币之一。9. associate vt. 联想, 把联想在一起; 和来往常用搭配：associate.with 与联系She associated happiness with having money. 她把幸福和有钱联想到一起。Her parents didnt like her associating with net friends. 她的父母不喜欢她和网友来往。In our minds the Spring Festiva

12、l is associated with happy family reunions. 在我们心中，春节是和愉快的家庭团聚联系在一起的。拓展: associate n. 同伴；伙伴He is one of my associates at the store. 他是我店里的一位同事。10. practical adj. 实际的，实践的, 可行的 He is very practical he can make or mend almost anything. 他很有实践经验会制作或修理几乎任何东西。We have to be practical and buy only what we can

13、 afford. 我们要实际一些，只买我们能买得起的东西。拓展: practice / practise v. 练习，实践 practice n. 实习；实践，练习 We must put our plans into practice. 我们必须把计划付诸于实践。You need more practice before you can play for our team. 你需要更多的练习才能进入我们队。You wont become a good singer if you dont practice/ practise. 你不练习就成不了好歌手。二. 重点短语1. now and th

14、en 时而，偶尔地（= occasionally）Now and then she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep. 她时而上楼看看他是不是睡着了。拓展: every now and then 有时，时而，不时2. set out to do sth. 开始做某事He set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part. 他着手粉刷整个房子，但是只完成了前面的部分。拓展: set out for 动身去某处 set out 动身3. set about doi

15、ng sth. 着手,开始做（注意about是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词）He set about learning Chinese at age ten (=at the age of ten). 他十岁时开始学中文。She set about her housework straight after breakfast. 吃完早饭后，她直接就开始做家务了。4. call up 给()打电话（也可用call sb. up）；使回想起Forgive me so early tocall upyou please.请原谅我这么早就给您打电话。The sound of happy laughte

16、r called up memories of his childhood.这种愉悦的笑声唤起了他童年的回忆。拓展: 与call有关的词组:call on 拜访（某人） call at 拜访（某地） call for 要求（=ask for）call off 取消 call in 邀请，召集5. hang on 不要挂断（电话）。点拨: hang on （=hold on，表示“坚持某一状态”，其中hang 挂着，on 表示持续地） 1) 握住不放He hung on until the rope broke. 他一直握住绳子不放，直到绳子断了。2) 坚持 Although we are be

17、aten, we must hang on. 虽然我们被打败了，我们一定要坚持。3) (电话)不挂断 The line is busy；would you like to hang on? 线路正忙，你愿不愿意等一下呀？6. get through（through表示“from beginning to end”，强调动作的过程，或任务的困难）1) 穿过; 通过 The passage is too narrow for cars to get through. 这条通道太窄了，过不去。2) 读完; (使)理解; 消化I have a pile of papers to get through

18、 before the meeting. 会前我有一大堆文件要浏览消化呢。3) (用电话)接通某人I rang you several times but wasnt able to get through. 我给你打了几次电话，但是没有接通。4) 完成 I got through the novel in one evening. 我一晚上就完成了这本小说。5) 用完, 花光 He has got through all the money I lent him. 他已经用光了我借给他的所有的钱。（此句中got through =used up和ran out of）7. out of or

19、der 发生故障；次序颠倒；秩序混乱The vendor isout of order(=out of work) again.这台自动售货机又坏了。It wasout of orderfor him to make such a tactless remark.他说出这种粗鲁的话是不正常的。The boys room wasout of order (=messy). 这个男孩儿的房间很乱。拓展: order n. 顺序，订购，命令in order 处于正常状况，情况良好8. dive into 迅速把手伸进；一心投入，潜入He dived into his pocket and took

20、out a couple of coins. 他将手伸入口袋中取出几枚硬币。He dived into/ in the history of China. 他潜心研究中国历史。The boy dived into the river from the bridge. 这个男孩从桥上跳入河中。点拨: 1) beaten track 踏平的路，一贯走的路 2) woods 原指“树林”，此句中有“险境，困境”的意思。9. ring back/ ring off 回复电话ring off (= hang off) 挂断电话；停止讲话Before I answered the telephone, h

21、e rang off.我还没来得及回答，他就挂断了。Ill ring you back when I get the answer.我知道答案时，会给你回电话。拓展: 打电话时用的其它词语：ring up/call up打电话给. hang on / hold the line别挂断 ring round 四处打电话 answer the phone 接电话 get through 打通电话 dial 拨（号） extension （电话）分机三. 重点句型(一). Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is so

22、me jelly, which freezes when cooled. 在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。点拨: when cooled 连词+过去分词，相当于when引导的时间状语从句：when it is cooled1. 状语从句的省略（省略“主语+be”）需具备的条件：1）从句的谓语动词中有be；2）主从句的主语一致或从句主语是it。2. 状语从句的省略常用于五种从句：1）if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句He wont go to the party unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀请，否则他不会去参加晚会。2）as, as

23、if 引导的条件状语从句Henry looked about as if (he is) looking for someone. 亨利环视四周，仿佛在找人。3）when, while, until/ till等引导的时间状语从句When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦时，（你）去向她求助。4）although/ though, even if/ even though等引导的让步状语从句She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak. 她尽管身体仍非常虚弱，但学习十分努力

24、。5）as, than引导的比较状语从句We finished the task two days earlier than (it had been) expected.我们比预料的早两天完成了任务。注意: before/ after是介词，省略形式用：before/ after+动词-ing形式。He gradually recovered after being treated for a time. 治疗了一段时间后他渐渐地康复了。(二). Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly a

25、n inventor. 只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。点拨: “only+状语（从句）+助/系/情态动词+主语+谓语.”句式only修饰句子的状语或状语从句，且位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。Only then can we regard ourselves as having done our duty.只有那时我们才能认为自己尽到了责任。Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.只有当我离开父母去了意大利，我才意识到我多么爱他们。但是:only修饰句子的主语时不倒装。O

26、nly the manager can solve the problem. 只有经理能解决这个问题。1. (2019高考)8. Ill be out for some time. In case anything important happens, (立即给我打电话). 2. (2019浙江高考) Listening is thus an active, not a p ,behavior consisting of hearing,understanding and remembering.3. (2019江西高考) Anyway, were here now, so lets _ so

27、me serious work. A. come up withB. get down toC. do away withD. live up to4. (2019山东潍坊高二下)Snakes come near the house now and then. We have to finding a solution to driving them away.A. set aboutB. set downC. set outD. set up5. (2019湖北高考)Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be

28、 something wrong with the network; I cant seem to .A.get throughB. get offC. get inD. get along基础演练一. 根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用单词的正确形式完成句子。1. People who cant d_ between colors are said to be colorblind.2. An a_ change in the weather resulted in the breakout of flu.3. We thought Mary would pass and John would

29、 fail, but contrary to e_ it was the other way round.4. Our new boss seemed a d_ and energetic leader.5. The cheque is not v_ if it is not signed by the finance director.6. He went into the phone booth as soon as possible and d_ the number.7. Would it be_(方便) for you to pick me up at four oclock and

30、 take me to the airport?8. Television is such a means that it keeps us informed about _(当前发生的) events.9. Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a _(稳定的) environment.10. A _ (实际的) person does not spend his money and time foolishly. 二. 从下面方框中选出适当的

31、短语或单词并用其正确形式填空。call up； set about； in expectation of； hang on； out of order；dive into； get through； ring off； now and then； set out1. You should _ the sea to find a pearl.2. Im sorry, but Ive to _ now. I have a train to catch.3. I dont think of my hometown very much, only _.4. As the Spring Festival

32、 was coming near, he was quite eager to _ for his hometown.5. I dialed several times, but I just couldnt_.6. He was overlooked when they _ choosing a new manager.7. _at your present job until you can get another.8. My clock was _ and woke me up at three this morning.9. The smell of the sea _ happy m

33、emories of my youth.10. We waited at the station _ her arrival.一. 单项选择1. All the characteristics that distinguish birds _ other animals can be traced to prehistoric times.A. to B. between C. for D. from2. She cant _ to be laughed at though she is easy-going.A. understand B. bear C. enjoy D. betray3.

34、 The military government hopes to control the _ of public opinion by controlling broadcasting.A. current B. fashion C. measure D. flow4. When we plan our vacation, Mother often offers _ suggestion.A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable5. - Id better _ now. The water is boiling in the kit

35、chen.- Good-bye.A. ring back B. ring up C. hold on D. ring off6. I should _ to those old photographs they must be valuable.A. hang offB. hang up C. hang out D. hang on7. He tried his best, but he couldnt _ the college entrance exams last year.A. get throughB. get over C. get up D. get away8. When _a

36、bout the secret of his success, Spielberg said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. 来源:1ZXXKA. askedB. being asked C. was asked D. asking 9. His aunts letters _ those beautiful days when they used to live together in his hometown. A. call him onB. call him for C.

37、call him up D. call him in 10. We have to _finding a solution. A. set aboutB. set down C. set out D. set up11. If it is quite _ to you, I will visit you next Friday. A. convenientB. fairC. easy D. comfortable12. Only when the war was over _ to his hometown. A. did the young soldier return B. the you

38、ng soldier returnedC. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return13. I wonder if I could use your telephone. _.A. I wonder how B. I dont wonder C. Sorry, its out of order D. No wonder, here it is14. The thief was _ and turned over to a police station.A. seized B. obtained C. recovered

39、 D. appealed15. They have a beer together _, talking about their separate life, but not often.A. by and by B. now and then C. all the time D. more or less_一. 单项选择1. All the characteristics that distinguish birds _ other animals can be traced to prehistoric times.A. toB. betweenC. for D. from2. Id be

40、tter _ now. The water is boiling in the kitchen. Good-bye.A. ring back B. ring upC. hold on D. ring off3. Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell far short of our _.A. chancesB. advantagesC. futures D. expectations4. I dont think about my old friends very much, only _.A. now and thenB. by a

41、nd byC. step by step D. more or less5. He tried his best, but he couldnt _ the college entrance exams last year.A. get through B. get overC. get up D. get away6. Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell short of our _. A. expectationsB. advantagesC. Opportunities D. contributions7. A healthy

42、 life is frequently thought to be _ with open countryside and homegrown food.A. tiedB. boundC. involved D. associated8. Its ten years since the scientist _ on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical.A. made forB. set outC. took off D. turned up9. It started to rain so we _ the nearest ca

43、f and went on talking about our school life.A. called upB. separated fromC. dived into D. set out10. Dont you think I have _ reasons for not supporting the proposals?A. validB. stableC. abrupt D. stainless 二. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Every pet owner loves his pet .There is no argum

44、ent here. But when we asked our readers whether they would clone their beloved animals , the responses were split almost down the middle . Of the 228 readers who answered it ,108 would clone, 111 would not and nine weighed each side without offering an opinion . Clearly, from readers response, this

45、is an issue that reaches deeply into both the joy and eventual (最终的)sadness of owning a pet. It speaks, as well, to peoples widely differing expectations over the developing scientific procedure (步骤). Most of the readers who favored the idea strongly believed it would produce at least a close copy o

46、f the original; many felt the process would actually return an exact copy. Those on the other side, however, held little hope that clone could truly recreate a pet; many simply did not wish to go against the natural law of life and death. Both sides expressed equal love for their animals. More of th

47、em owned “the best dog/cat in the world”. They thought of their pets as their “best friend” or “a member of the family”. They told moving stories of pets heroism, intelligence and selfless devotion. Little wonders the loss is so disturbing-and the cloning so attractive. “People become very close to

48、their animals, and the loss can be just as hard to bear as when a friend or family member dies,” says Gary Kowalski, author of goodbye, Friend: Healing Wisdom for Anyone Who Has Ever Lost a Pet. “For me, cloning feels like an attempt to turn death awayIts understandable. Death is always painful. Its

49、 difficult to deal with. Its hard to accept.” But would cloning reduce the blow? This question seems to be at the heart of this problem. 60. So far as the cloning of pets is concerned, a recent survey shows that, of all pet owners, .A. a lot more of them are for itB. a lot more of them are against i

50、tC. very few of them are willing to tell their opinionsD. about half of them are for it and the other half against it61. The expression “eventual sadness of owning a pet.” (in paragraph 3) refers to .A. the death of ones pet B. the final ownership of a petC. the troubles one has to deal with in keep

51、ing a petD. the dangers involved in the cloning of a pet62. In spite of their differences on the problem of cloning, it seems that .A. all pet owners love their pets very muchB. all pet owners try to go against the natural law of life and deathC. people who support cloning love their pets more D. pe

52、ople who dislike cloning love their pets more63. From what Gary Kowalski says, we can know that he .A. has never thought about the problem of cloningB. thinks it hard to accept the idea of cloning petsC. is in favor of the idea of cloning petsD. is all against the cloning of pets三. 书面表达最近学校图书馆就阅览室订阅明年的英文报刊杂志向全校学生征求意见，请你就下列目录中选出你最喜爱的两种报刊或杂志。杂志名称英语周报 21世纪英文报英语辅导报 海外英语疯狂英语 中学生英语写作内容请按照以下要求用英语以书信形式给予答复。1.选择适合你的报刊杂志并说明理由；2.每位学生只能选择其中两份报刊杂志。 写作要求1.必须使用5个句子表达全部的内容2.信的开头和结尾已给出。Dear Sir or Madame, Im glad to recommend my favorite English newspaper or magazine. _