初高中英语名词和代词专项知识点讲解学案.docx

1、高考英语之查漏补缺 代老师寄语: 成功之处并不在于别人对自我的看法，而在于自我的发奋。就算没有人为你鼓掌，至少我还能够自我欣赏第一节、名词名词分类普通名词个体名词表示人或物的个体，如：teacher, pen, hand集体名词表示个体组成的集合体，如：family, team, police物质名词表示无法分为个体的固体、液体、气体等实物，如：ice, water, gas抽象名词表示抽象概念的，如性质、状态、情感等的名词，如：sadness, happiness, work专有名词人名、地名、机构、事物、组织、概念、节日等。名词复数构成规律规则变化一般直接在名词后加-s以字母-s,-sh,

2、 -ch, -x结尾的名词后加-es以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词，把-f/-fe改为-v，再加-es以-0结尾的名词的复数多数加-es（有生命的加es）以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要把y改为i，再加-es不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母单复数形式相同，如：sheep, deer, fish, means表示某国人的名词的复数形式因习惯不同而各异a. 单复数形式相同（多以ese结尾），如：Chinese, , Swissb. 词尾加-s（多以-an结尾），如：Americans, Koreans, Indiansc. 将man变成men，将woman变成 women，如：Englishman-E

3、nglishmen其他形式，如：mousemice, child- children名词所有格加-s/-s名词单数形式,用-s,表示,如: the girls books复数形式,用s表示,如Teachers books注：所有格后所接名词表示地点时候，地点名词可省略。如：the doctors复合名词在最后的名词后加s，如brother-in-laws books表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城市，地点无生命的名词也可用s形式来表示其所有关系，如：three days walk借助介词of无生命的物体的名词所有格常用of表示。如：the cover of the book双重所有格由s所有格和

4、of所有格组合修饰名词，如：an old friend of Toms mom【扩展：名词常考知识】1） . 常用的不可数名词advice 建议，劝告 air 空气 fun 有趣的事 weather 天气 practice 练习news/information/word 新闻，信息 homework 家庭作业 housework 家务活 progress 进步 luck 运气 baggage=luggage 行李 furniture 家具 equipment 设备 health 健康 wealth 财富2). 常用的既可数又不可数的名词 work（工作，作品）, time（时间，次数/倍数）,

5、 exercise（锻炼,练习题/课间操）,experience（经验，经历）,paper（纸张，论文/试卷）,. . . . . . 3). 常用单复数同形的名词 means（手段）, sheep（绵羊）, Swiss（瑞士人）, Chinese（中国人等）,people（人民, 变复数时译作民族）, series（系列）【随堂练习】语法填空题1. There are ten_ (woman)teachers and two hundred _(girl) students in the school. 2. Youll want to know your body language is

6、saying and how to interpret other _(people). 3. Not long ago he sent _(word) that he would return with his family. 4. Except for some short songs and poems included in his plays, all of _ (Shakespeare) greatest poems are sonnet. 5. Tight jeans and trousers, short skirts and even sensible flat shoes

7、may all cause _ (ill). 6. I saw many _ (Japan) seated in the corner and reading something. 7. You should take more _(exercise). Dont always sit at the desk busy doing your _(exercise). 第二节：代词【高考重点要求】1. 掌握人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词的基本用法。2. 重点掌握不定代词的指代含义及数的情况，能通过语境准确选取答案。3. 掌握it的基本用法。单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人

8、称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe she itweyouthey宾格meyouhim her itusYouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhis her itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis hers itsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimself herself itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves指示代词this that suchthese those such相互代词宾格each other one another所有格each othersone anothers不定代词

9、可数one each, many,(a) few ,both, another, either. , neither不可数much, (a) little可数不可数any other all some复合不定代词anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everything everybody nobody nothing疑问代词who whom whose which what连接代词who whom whose which what 关系代词who whom whose which that 【家庭作业：名词和代

10、词】. 根据提示或语境完成句子1. Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting). 2. The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by eve

11、n most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. 3. more learned a man is, more modest he usually becomes. 4. Janes grandmother had wanted to write child

12、rens book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way. 来源:学&科&网5. While there are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us the (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river. 6. If you dont mind,Ill stop and take a deep (brea

13、the). 7. They had to chase the overprotective mother away first, so that could get close enough to rescue the baby. 8. that glitters is not gold. You should judge a person by his action and the judgement must be tested by time. 9. is important to think about the people of a destination country and h

14、ow tourism affects them. 10. Yesterday evening, just before dusk, I spotted a pigeon badly tied up with a sharp string, hitting the wall and the tree branches, to free (he) from the kite string. 11. Nobody likes to talk about death, but the reality is everyone is going to die at one point, but of us

15、 know the day, or the hour. 12. Dont blame others! Its who broke the window by accident while I was practicing volleyball. 13. All of us have read thrilling stories. In many of _ (they) the hero had only a limited and specified time to live. 14. Both teams were in hard training; was willing to lose

16、the game. 15. Some great people can see possibilities where _ see only problems. . 根据内容和所给提示完成下面短文Villages in developing countries often lack many things:books,clean water,electricity. These shortages are easy to see. But 1. different kind of shortage is not easy to see. That is 2. shortage of exper

17、ts. Many villages have no doctors,engineers or scientists. They have no one who knows how to treat unusual medical 3. (problem) or design a new expert system. There is a way to ease 4. problems. They can do it with 5. . In 6. past few years,computer scientists around the world have developed what th

18、ey call “expert systems”. An expert system is a special kind of computer program. In some situations,it can take 7. place of 8. human expert. For example,an expert in medical system can help to take care of a sick person. After asking a few 9. of the patient,it can tell what medicine or other 10(treat) is needed.