2014版学海导航-新课标高中英语总复习课件（第1轮）M6 UNIT 4 HELPING PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD（2）语法精讲篇.ppt

1、Module6Unit 4Helping people around the world（2）1、I am very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador for them.我很高兴入选成为联合国的一名亲善大使。to have been chosen为不定式的完成式的被动式。当主语与不定式动词有被动关系，且不定式所表示的动作又先于谓语动词动作发生时，动词不定式就要用完成式的被动式。The book is said to have been translated into many languages.据说这本书被译成很多种语

2、言。He is very sad to have lost four bikes in less than one year.他因不到一年就丢了4部自行车而感到很伤心。is said to have boughtLeonardo da Vinci birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.据说列奥纳多达芬奇将关在笼子里的鸟买下来，将鸟 释放从而获得乐趣。2、Instead of sand blowing everywhere,there is mud and water everywhere,m

3、aking it difficult to travel from place to place.并不是到处风沙，而是到处有淤泥和水，使得从一个地方到另一个地方很难。句中making 表示结果状语。At the end of 2004,there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China,making up around 4 percent of national total.在2004年底，在中国大约有6000家外国印刷企业，占了我国所有印刷企业的4%。makingThe wind has moderated,sailing

4、safer.风势已减弱，做帆船运动较为安全了。3、It seems that many people here just need to talk,so I am finding that my job is not limited to being a nurse.看起来这些人好像只需要说话，因此我发现我的工作不只局限为一名护士。seem的基本意思是“似乎；好像；仿佛；看来”等，可作不及物动词或系动词。seem句型归纳如下：(1)seem可与形容词、名词、不定式(短语)、分词及介词短语搭配。She seems quite happy today.今天她似乎很高兴。(形容词)That seem

5、s a good idea.那似乎是个好主意。(名词)He seems to be thinking about something.他似乎正在考虑某事。(不定式)He seemed pleased at what I said.听了我的话，他似乎很高兴。(分词)They seemed in high spirits.他们似乎情绪高涨。(介词短语)(2)seem常用于it作形式主语的结构，即It seems/seemed that 表示“看来，似乎”。It seems that nobody knew what had happened.似乎没人知道发生了什么事。(3)seem常用于由as i

6、f/though引导的从句中。在as if/though引起的从句中，如果说的是非真实的情况，从句谓语用虚拟语气；如果所述的情况实现的可能性较大，则从句的谓语常用陈述语气。It seems as if somebody is calling you.好像有人在叫你。(陈述语气)It seems as though he were very stupid.看来他似乎很笨。(虚拟语气)(4)用于There seems/seemed to be n(主语)中。在这一结构中，seem表示“似乎有；看来有”。There seems to be a lot of things to do.It seems

7、 as if there were a lot of things to do.似乎有很多事情要做。这一结构的否定形式为“There seems/seemed to be no n”或“There doesnt/didnt seem to be n”。There doesnt seem to have been any difficulty on this question.在这个问题上似乎没出现什么困难。There seems to bea strong competition in China for senior high students to be admitted into col

8、leges or universities.在中国高中学生录取上大学似乎有很大的竞争。B考查动词的辨析。句意为“玛丽，我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。”remindof 就提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起；warn含有“警告”的意思。1.Mary,I _ John of his promise to help you.(2011大纲卷)A.told B.reminded C.warned D.advised2.Cremind和himself构成动宾关系，即remind sb.of sth.;故用reminded。reminded作宾语补足语。句意：Michael把姚明的相片挂在床边以提醒自己不

9、要忘了自己的梦想。2.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.(2011重庆)A.reminding B.to remind C.reminded D.remind3.C短语辨析。in search of 寻找；in place of 代替；for lack of 因缺乏；for fear of 生怕，以免。句子的完整意思应该是：大城市建起越来越多的高楼大厦，因为缺乏空间。3.More and more highrise buildings have been

10、 built in big cities _ space.(2010福建)A.in search of B.in place of C.for lack of D.for fear of非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。1限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。Do you remember the girl who taught us English?你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？We

11、 walked down the village street,where villagers were having market day.我们沿着村里的大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。2大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。A middleagedwoman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫，这令我十分恐惧。A fiveyearold boy can speak two fore

12、ign languages,which surprises all the people present.一个5岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。3使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，则用who或whose引导非限制性定语从句；先行词指物可用which引导非限制性定语从句；先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用 when,where 引导非限制性定语从句。He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。La

13、st Sunday they reached Nanjing,where a conference was to be held.他们上周日到达南京，有个会议要在那里举行。4关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom，但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用that代替who/whom，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，不可用that代替who/whom。This is the girl whom/who I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。A young man had a ne

14、w girlfriend,whom he wanted to impress.一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。He has a sister,who is a teacher.他有一个姐姐，是教师。5关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。This is the book(which/that)he lost yesterday.这就是他昨天丢的那本书。The book,which he lost yesterday,has been found.他昨天丢了这本书，但现在已找到了。6as与which在非限制性定语从句中的区别。

15、(1)as在从句中通常作主语，代指整个主句，表示的意思是“正如、正像”，其引导的定语从句既可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。The Pacific is the largest ocean,as we all know.太平洋是最大的洋，这一点我们都知道。As we expect,we won the game.我们赢了，这一点在我们预料之中。As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.众所周知，他是我们班上最好的学生。(2)which是关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语，代指物或整个主句。当指代整个主句时表示的意思是主句和从句之

16、间是因果关系，即“因为、所以”。其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。The road was too slippery,which caused lots of accidents.路太滑了，以至于引起了很多事故。He was angry,which made him cry.他太生气了以至于他哭了起来。1关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。2注意区别定语从句与强调句。(1)定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。(2)强调it无意义，that/who不是引导词。(3)去掉it is/was和that/who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that

17、/which we visited last year.(定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句)3定语从句与同位语从句的区别。(1)定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。(2)同位语从句的引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)4关系词在从句中省略的情况。(1)关系词作宾

18、语，前无介词时。(2)关系词作表语。5关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。6几个特殊的定语从句句型：(1)He is the only one of the students who has got verygood marks in the match.(句中one为先行词)He is one of the students who have got good marksin the match.(句中students为先行词)(2)Is this place the one(that)we visited yesterday?Is this the place(th

19、at/which)we visited yesterday?(3)He stood at the window,from where he could see what was happening.(4)It may rain,in which case the match will be put off.1.Mr.Smith has bought a little house in the country,around _ some green trees.A.which is B.it is C.which are D.them areC此题容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 i

20、t 误认为是其后句子的主语。其实，此题的最佳答案为C，around which are some green trees 是一个由“介词which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 some green trees，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用are，而不是 is。2.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_，of course,made the others unhappy.A.who B.which C.this D.what B许多学生认为此题句子结构比较混乱，逗号太多，难于

21、理清头绪。请同学们先看下面一句：Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_ made the others unhappy.一般同学都知道此题应填关系代词 which，用以引导一个非限制性的定语从句。事实上，上面一题就是根据此题演变出来，只不过在 which 与 made 之间插入了一个 of course。所以上面一题应选B。3.He wrote a lot of novels,most of _ were popular.A.them B.whom D.that D.whichD此题最佳答案为D，但很容易误选A。

22、假若单独看 He wrote a lot of novels 和 Most of them were popular.这两句话，它们并不错，但将它们放在一起用逗号连接就不甚妥当了。因为，英语句子按其结构来划分，可分为简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句4种，也就是说，一个规范的英语句子，从结构上说，它必须隶属以上4类句型之一。但上面一题若选A，则它既不是简单句(因为它有两个主谓结构)，也不是并列句(因为它没有并列连词)，也不是复合句(因为它没有主从句之分)，当然它更不是并列复合句，所以选A是错误的。可以选D，是因为空白处填了 which 之后，后一句即成了一个非限制性的定语从句，前一句即为主句，整个句子即为一个复合句。