高三英语一轮复习---主谓一致的实质与分析课件（共32张）.ppt

1、主谓一致要点归纳英语句子中，要根据主语的人称和数来决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫主谓一致。它通常依据三项原则:1)语法一致;2)意义一致;3)就近一致。现分述如下:一、语法一致原则I.主语的人称决定谓语动词的形式。例如:I love music.She loves music.II.主语的数决定谓语动词的形式1.不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词作主语，用单数谓语形式；复数的名同、代词作主语，接复数谓语形式。例如:The work is important.They have gone to Chengdu.2.单个动名词、不定式或主语从句作主语，用单数谓语形式;一个以上的动名词、不定式或主语

2、从句作主语，接复数谓语形式。例如:To ask her for help is necessary.Who will go is not important.Seeing is believing Singing and dancing are two of her hobbies.3.复数形式的名词，如clothes,trousers,pants,shoes,glasses,Scissors,compasses,goods等作主语，用复数谓语形式;但用a pair of等短语修饰trousers，shoes，glasses等词时，谓语用单数形式。The trousers are made o

3、f pure cotton.This pair of glassless is too expensive.III.以and或both and连接的并列主语:1.“n十and十n”结构通常作复数用，但表示一种事物或概念时，则用作单数。例如:Plastics and rubber never rot.Fish and chips is a popular snack food.2.如果并列主语指的是同一个人(事物、抽象概念)，名词前用一个冠词修饰，作单数用;如果指两个不同的人或物时，则要用两个冠词，谓语动词用复数。例如：The worker and writer has come.The wor

4、ker and the writer have come.3.and前、后的单数词语有each,every,many，no等修饰时，仍作单数用。例如:Many a teacher and many a student is watching the football match on the playground.Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity.IV.主语前、后加表数、量等的修饰语时:1.

5、many a+单名”(表示“许多”)接单数谓语；“a good(great)many+复名”接复数谓语。例如：Many a fine man has died for it.A great many parents were present at the meeting.2.“a/an+单名+or two”多接单数谓语；one or two+复名”多接复数谓语。例如:A day or two is enough.One or two reasons were given.3.a/an+单名+and a half，常接单数谓语;one and a half+复名”常接复数谓语。例如:A year

6、 and a half has passed.One and a half tons of rice are sold.4.“more than one+单名”结构虽有复数意义，习惯上多接单数谓语。例如：More than one person was(were)absent.5.more+复名+than one”结构多接复数谓语。例如：More students than one have been there.6.“more than two(three,.)+复名”接复数谓语。例如:More than one hundred students haveattended the conce

7、rt.7.在“两个形容词+一个单数名词”结构中，该名词如有复数意义(即代表两个事物)，则接复数谓语动词。例如:English and French grammar are not very difficult to learn.8.主语前加表示单位、度量的短语，如(a)kind/sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/meter/)of等时，表示单位、度量的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式，但强调个别成员时可用复数。例如:A pair of gloves is a more present.A

8、pair of thieves are stealing something in the room.This kind of apples is(are)sweet.(多以kind为中心词，作单数用).Three boxes of apples have been sold但，Apples of this kind are sweet.(总作复数用)9.主语后接with等构成的短语修饰成分时，谓语仍须与这类短语前的主语一致可构成这类短语的常有with,along with,together with,as well l as,besides,except,added to,including

9、,like,no less than,rather than,as much as(和.一样)，more than 等。例如：The teacher as well as his students was late for the meeting.Nobody but your parents knows about it.l0.one of+复数名向+定语从句:先行词是这个复数名词，从句谓语用复数形式；若one前有this,the,the only等修饰时，先行词是one从句应接单数谓语。例如:He was one of the boys who were praised.(who 指代bo

10、ys)He was the only one of the boys who waspraised.(who指代only one).二、意义一致原则I.集体名词作主语时:1.有些表示总称意义的词如:people,police,cattle,public,youth,folk,militia(民兵)等作主语时，常接复数谓语。例如:The cattle are gazing in the field.The police have caught the murderer.2.有些名词指整体时理解为单数，指其中的“成员”时理解为复数（不变词形）。如：family,class,team,group,a

11、rmy,nation,world,government,enemy,public,audience,club,company,crew,crowd,staff(员工)，party,union,couple,population等。例如：My family isnt large.My family are all interested in collecting stamps.The class is having a class meeting.The class are doing experiments in the lab.上述某些集体名词也可有复数形式。如:families,two c

12、lasses等。但有些变复数形式后意义不同.如:peoples(多个民族);youths(年轻人);folks(亲属)。II.代词作主语时:1.不定代词each，one，much，(a)little，either,neither，another，the other(+单名)等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。例如：Each of the girls(Each girl)has a new hat.2.下列复合不定代词,如：somebody，someone，something,anybody，anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobo

13、dy,no one,nothing 等一般做单数用。例如：Everyone has his/her own hobby.3.下列不定代词作复数用:(a)few,many,several,both等）例如:Few(of the guests)were familiar to us.4.下列代词须视其具体所指来决定单、复数:I)what,which,who等。例如:Who is your brother?Who are League Members?2)a11,some,more,most，any,none,a lot(of)，lots(of)等。例如:All(of the students)ar

14、e working hard.All(of the paint)is fine.3)half(of)，plenty(of),the rest(of),(a)part(of),the remainder(of)等。例如：Half of the apples are bad.Half of the apple is bad.III.数词、数量、单位等词语作主语时1.表示运算的数词通常作单数。例如:Ten times four makes(make)forty.2.表时间、距离、金额、度量衡等的词语，指整体时作单数用;侧重指若干单位时作复数用。例如:Twenty years is not a lon

15、g time.Twenty years have passed since he left.3分数、百分数通常依其具体所指来决定单、复数。例如About 30 percent/two-fifths of the students here are girls.Only 60 percent/three-fifths of the work was done yesterday.4.a number of(许多)/a variety of(各式各样)+复数名词，常作复数用。例如:A number of students in this class are from Sichuan.但the nu

16、mber(数目)/the variety(种类)+of+复数名词，被看作单数例如:The number of students in this college has doubled.IV.单、复数同形或易混的词作主语时:1.以-ics结尾的学科名词:指教育、科研的某一学科，作单数。例如：Mathematics seems easy to me但是,表具体的学业、活动等时.多用作复数。例如:Her mathematics are weak.(指“学业成绩、能力”).2.works(工厂)，means(方法)，series(系列),species(物种)等名词单、复数同形，要根据其具体意义来决定

17、单、复数。例如:his works was built two years ago.Every means has(All means have)been tried.这类名词还有fish,deer,sheep,plastics,manners(礼貌)等。但news（消息)是不可数名词，通常只作单数用。V.the+名词化的形容词(或分词)作主语时:1.指一类人或事物时.常作复数用例如：The English speak English.The rejected were heaped in the corner.2.指某一个人.或抽象的事物时，作单数用。例如:The deceased was

18、his father.The new and progressive always wins over the old.VI.专有名词作主语时:1.书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名、组织名等通常作单数用。例如:The United States was founded in 1776.The Arabian is very interesting.2.书刊名作单数或复数均可，尤其是编成集子的书。例如:Dickens American Notes were(was)published in 1842.VII.what等引导的从句作主语时:1.多数表单数意义。例如:What he says doesnt

19、 agree with what he does.2.从句是含复数意义的并列结构或表语是复数时，谓语用单数或复数均可。例如:What you say and think is/are no business of mine.What he bought were some books.三、就近一致原则邻近原则是指谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在人称、数上一致1.由下列词语连接并列主语时:or,nor,eitheror,neither nor,not onlybut also,not but,whetheror等。例如：Neither you nor I am wrong.Either you or he has to answer for it.2.在倒装句中(含there he结构):谓语一般应与最近的主语一致。例如:He has not been to Japan,Nor have I.Here comes the bus.There are a few bridges across the river.There is a pen and some books on the desk.