2021届高考英语二轮复习 备考专项冲刺 专题05 代词（含解析）.doc

1、专题05 【代词】解题指导触类旁通寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”瞻前顾后选代词一、通过句子成分确定填什么代词分析句子成分，当句子中缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。如果句中缺主语，则可填人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；如果缺宾语，则可填人称代词宾格；如果宾语与主语是指同一人，则应用反身代词。作主语：人称代词主格(I、 we、 you、 he、 she、 they、 it)。根据上下文确定人称代词的单复数及指代是否一致作宾语：人称代词宾格(me、 us、 you、 him、 her、 them、 it)、名词性

2、物主代词(ours、 mine、 yours、 his、 hers、 theirs、 its)。作表语：宾格代词或名词性物主代词。作定语：形容词性物主代词(our、 my、 your、 his、 her、 their、 its)。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，不能单独使用；名词性物主代词，不能修饰名词。如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself、 ourselves、 yourself、 yourselves、 himself、 herself、 itself、 themselves)，用反身代词时，其人称和数要与所指代的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。看到不定代词，思考其是否与语境的数量

3、概念符合；判断该用否定还是肯定意义。二、通过句式结构判断是否填it填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语； 指代前面提到的；指代前面所提到过的同一个事物、情况或想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。还指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。固定搭配，如make it “成功；按时到达”； get it “理解，明白”。三、牢记：the other/another/other/others/the others的用法the other可单独使用特指两个人或物中的另一个；another 泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，修饰单数可数名词；other表“其他的”，修饰复数名词；other

4、s表“其他的人或物”，只能单独使用，常与some连用；the others特指“其他的全部人或物”。考点突破针对提能明考点，攻重难，有效提升考点一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词类别功能第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格作主语Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格作宾语meusyouyouhimheritthem物主代词形容词性作定语myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性作主、表或宾语mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs反身代词作宾、表或同位语myselfour selvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherse

5、lfitselfthemselves1.人称代词的主格多作句子主语，有时用作表语；宾格多用在及物动词或介词后作宾语，也可作表语或同位语。在口语中，常用人称代词的宾格作表语。特别注意：人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.必须使学生明白每门功课对他们来说多么重要。2形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独

6、作定语。The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差别在于我们的要大些。3含有反身代词的习惯用语：by oneself单独地；独自地for oneself 亲自；为自己devote oneself to 致力于apply oneself to 专心致志于enjoy oneself 过得愉快help oneself to 随便吃；随便用make oneself at home 不拘束seat oneself 坐下behave oneself

7、 举止得体come to oneself 恢复知觉；苏醒过来adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于abandon oneself to 沉迷于；放纵于express oneself 表达自己的思想lose oneself in(be lost in) 迷失say to oneself 心里想talk to oneself 自言自语考点二 不定代词1不定代词的基本用法each/everyeach指“(两者或两者以上的人或物的)每个”，可与of短语搭配；every 指“(三者或三者以上的人或物的)每个”，在句中只作定语，不可与of短语搭配both/allboth表示“两者都”；al

8、l 指“(三者或三者以上的人或物的)所有，全部”either/neithereither表示“(两者中的)任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”none/nothingno one/nobodynone指人或物，表特指，表示“(三者或三者以上中)无一个，没有一点”，可与of短语连用；nothing指物，表泛指，表示“没有任何东西，没有事”，不与of短语连用； no one/nobody 指人，表泛指，不与of短语连用another泛指“另一个”other/othersother泛指“另外一些”，只作定语，常与可数名词复数连用；others泛指“其余的人或物”，相当于other复数名词the

9、 other/the othersthe other特指“(两者之中的)另一个”；the othersthe other可数名词复数few/a fewfew表示“很少人/事物”；a few表示“有些人/事物，一些”，修饰或指代复数名词little/a littlelittle表示“不多的”；a little表示“少量的，一些”，修饰或指代不可数名词many/muchmany 表示“许多”，修饰或指代可数名词复数；much表示“许多”，修饰或指代不可数名词2.不定代词用于习惯搭配中nothing but 仅仅；只是anything but 决不something of 有几分；略微 or som

10、ething 诸如此类的人或物every other day 每隔一天each other (两者)相互one another (三者或三者以上)相互one.another. (三者或三者以上)一个另一个one.the other. (两者中)一个另一个some.others. 一些另一些(四川卷)Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过，但是两地她都不喜欢，因此她搬到了剑桥。(湖北卷)Even if the answer seemed a li

11、ttle strange, nobody but I doubted it.尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪，但是除了我之外没人怀疑它。(四川卷)Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.尼基总是会有很多想法，但是就我所知，没有一个想法是有用的。(安徽卷)This project requires close teamwork.Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.这个项目需要密切的合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。(福建卷)In some

12、 countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。【名师点津】部分否定和全部否定(1)no one, none, nobody, nothing, not.any/either以及“no名词”表示全部否定；(2)all, both, everyone/everybody/everything以及“every名词”与not 连用时，表示部分否定；(3)not与总括性副词，如everywhere, always, altogether 等连

13、用时，也表示部分否定。While I agree with the most of what you said, I dont agree with everything.尽管我同意你的大部分看法，但是并不同意所有的看法。考点三 it的用法1指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。还指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。(北京卷)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase

14、it.由于当地政府(为增加就业率)所做的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。2用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：Itbeadj./n.(for/of sb.)to do sth.It is no good/use/useless doing sth.Its (well) worth doing.Itbe名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder/.)that从句It不及物动词(词组)(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb./.)that从句Itbe过去分词that从句It takes sb.time/money

15、 to do sth.(天津卷)It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.对学生来说非常清楚的是他们应该为他们的将来做好准备。(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make.itadj./n.(for/of sb.)to do sth./that从句主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep.it useless/worth/worthwhile/no

16、use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy.doing sth.(山东卷)The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.这两个女孩长得如此像以至于陌生人觉得很难把她们区分开。【名师点津】it用于like, enjoy, hate, love, appreciate等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及depend on/upon, see to等动词短语后，再接when, if, that等引导的从句。3含有it的常考短语和句型：It

17、depends.视情况而定。Take it easy. 别着急。believe it or not 信不信由你make it 成功；做到；约定时间take it for granted that. 认为是理所当然的as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样When it comes to. 当涉及/谈到owe it to sb.that. 把归功于某人keep it in mind that. 把铭记在心Its (high) time that sb. should do/did sth. 是某人该做某事的时候了。Its the first/second/.time that sb

18、. have/has done sth. 是某人第一次/二次/次做某事。It is/has been.since. 自从多久了。It will be/was.before. 要过时间才It is/was时间点when. 当时候，时间是强调句型：It is/was被强调部分that/who.考点四 替代词it特指前面提到过的同一个人或物，不带任何的修饰语one替代上文出现的“a/an单数可数名词”，表泛指，同类不同一onesone的复数形式，替代上文出现的复数名词，表泛指，同类不同一that替代上文出现的“the不可数名词或单数可数名词”，表特指，同类不同一。其后常跟介词短语作后置定语those

19、替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，同类不同一We had just rented a car.It looked very old.我们刚租了一辆车。它看起来很旧。Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one that I have never seen.张先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物一件我从来没有见过的礼物。(浙江卷)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from that in the UK.在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的教

20、育制度没有很大差异。The books on the desk are better than those under the desk.桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好。跟踪检测迁移应用练模拟，练规范，夯基提能I.高考真题诊断单句语法填空1. (2020全国I) Data about the moons composition,such as how much ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether_（it) plans for a future lunar(月球的）base are practic

21、al.2. (2018全国III) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find_（they) alive.3. (2018全国卷) The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and _ animals.4. (2019天津) A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happ

22、ier than _who are not.5. (2019全国卷) In the cafe, customers will enjoy _（they）in the historical environment which is created for them.II.精选典题代词专题对点训练单句语法填空6. No news is good news,and good news is no news._are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.7. On my recent visit, I

23、held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by_(it) mother.8. In fact, STEM subjects are fun and exciting. Studying science can do _ (we) good.9. The bridge links three areas, making _ much more convenient to travel from one to another.10. Also, speaking is very difficult for the deaf, b

24、ecause they cant hear _ (they) own voices.11. We are very proud of _（we) and believe we can do more for a better world.12. To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the_.13. In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _in the UK.14.

25、 How would you like_ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?15. The meeting will be held in September,but _knows the date for sure.III.精选典题代词专题对点训练单句改错16. I had done myself homework, but I was shy.17. If we go on a trip ab

26、road, we can broaden your view.18. As is known to all, illnesses always bring pains and sufferings to humans, but doctors can help us get rid of it.19. Most of we students like to study in the library partly because its quiet learning environment is beneficial to our study.20. We sat there, afraid t

27、o talk, thinking the fish would hear ourselves and flee.IV.精选典题代词专题对点训练短文语法填空“Without the ball, Im half complete of 21._ (I)”，Luis Figo, one of the worlds greatest football players once said.Luis Figo played his first international match in 1991 at the age of 18 and has kept scoring ever since.He re

28、ached a new mark on February 18 by playing 22._ hundredth match for his national team in a friendly match against England. A crowd of more than 30,000 fans watched and cheered for 23._ in Lisbon. “Figo, Figo,” they 24._ shouted excitedly when he walked onto the field.The Real Madrid player, 25._ was

29、 31, wanted to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win another Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona for 82.4 million dollars in 2000, and he showed everyone what a great player 26._ was by winning FIFAS world footballer of the year award in 2001.“Figo works like an art

30、ist and has the skills to be the most complete player,”said FIFA President Joseph Blatter in 2001.“Figo 27._ is a real leader who always tries 28._ best on the field and to be a good team player. He doesnt have any problems working together with his teammate Real Madrid, star footballer David Beckham”.In fact, Figo was the first 29._ to welcome Beckham when he arrived. “We have a strong team, and we can help one 30._ and work together to be successful，” Figo said.