2021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲解：第10讲 情态动词 WORD版含答案.doc

1、Lesson 10情态动词问题层级图不知道如何完成情态动词题目 目标层级图能够完成情态动词题目 LV3 操作5 M课前诊断1. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company. A. needB. shouldC. canD. must2. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf. A. mustB. shouldC. canD. need3. I love

2、the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. needntB. mustntC. wouldntD. shouldnt4. - Cant you stay a little longer?- Its getting late. I really _ go now. My daughter is home alone.A. mayB. canC. mustD. dare5. - I am sure I saw Brian in the park this morning.- You _ be imagining

3、 things. He left for America last night. A. needB. canC. mustD. shall课中讲解一. 情态动词本意 LV3操作1. 常见情态动词本意 (1) must 表 _，其肯定回答用 _，否定回答用 _ 或 _ .- Must I finish the work today?- Yes, you must.- No, you neednt / you dont have to. 否定mustnt 表示 _You mustnt speak like that to your mother.You mustnt leave the room.

4、 表 _（常用于固定句型 if you must do )If you must smoke, at least you could smoke outside.If you must leave, do it quietly.Why must you buy that car?(2) can, could 表 _Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt last year. 表 _，could比can语气更委婉。- Can I come in?- Yes, you can. (3) may 和might 表 _ 或 _，might

5、比may的语气更委婉。- May I have a glass of beer here please?- Certainly, you may. / No, you mustntmay not. 表 _，might比may的语气更不确定。He might have some trouble. may表 _，采用部分倒装语序：may+主语动词原形 May the force be with you.(4) shall，should should表 _You should keep your promise. should表 _It seems such a pity that an honor

6、ed name should be commercialized like this. shall表 _， 用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中。When shall he come to meet you?Shall we begin？ shall表 _（常用于第二、第三人称）。He shall be punished if he breaks the school rules. (警告）You shall stick to your post. (命令)(5) will, would 表 _They said that they would help us. 表 _，常用于第二人称的疑问句中，

7、would比will更委婉。Would you like some tea?Will / Would you help me with my English? 【精讲精练】1. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise. A. canB. willC. mustD. may2. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. mayB. canC.

8、 wouldD. should3. - Could I borrow your dictionary? - Yes, of course you _ .A. mightB. willC. canD. should4. - You must be looking forward to your trip back to Sydney. - Yes. I _ wait any longer. A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. shouldnt5. John promised his doctor he _ not smoke. And he has never smoked

9、ever since. A. mightB. shouldC. couldD. would6. - Cant you stay a little longer? - Its getting dark. I really _ go now. My daughter is home alone.A. may B. canC. must D. dare2. 情态动词的推测义(1) must 推测义表 _ You must be hungry after a long walk. - Shes not picking up.- Then she must be driving.(2) can, cou

10、ld推测义表 _a. 在肯定句中表推测的是 _That could be our way out!It will be sunny in the daytime, but it could rain later on this evening. b. 在否定句中表推测的是 _- Someone in our class has won the first prize in the calligraphy competition!- It cant be you.c. 在疑问句中表推测的是 _- Could you be serious?(3) may, might 推测义表 _She may

11、be the best dentist in town.【精讲精练】1. Liza _ not want to go on the trip she hates traveling.A. willB. canC. mustD. may2. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes.A. must B. canC. shouldD. would3. You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldntB

12、. cantC. mustntD. neednt4. - The traffic is heavy now, so Mike _ come late.- Lets wait ten more minutes.A. canB. needC. mayD. shall5. - I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?- Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must notB. need notC. would notD. might no

13、t6. - Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Emily?- It _ be Emily. She has gone to Canada.A. mustB. cantC. needntD. may二. 情态动词+have done LV3操作1. must have done表示 _It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.2. could have done 表示 _He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.3. s

14、hould have done表示 _否定形式：shouldnt have done表示 _You should have got up earlier. You shouldnt have told him about it. 4. may/might have done表示 _- What has happened to George?- I dont know. He may have got lost.5. would have done表示 _I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. W

15、ithout your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much.【精讲精练】1. Judging from his worried face, he knew that he _ have had some trouble.A. would B. will C. need D. must2. Ella _ at the car crash screen in New York last Sunday; she was travelling with me in Hawaii then.A. shouldnt have appeared B. couldnt

16、have done C. wouldnt have appearedD. might not have appeared3. - When I first got to Harvard, my awkward English brought me great trouble.- Oh, dear, it _ a struggle for you to keep up with other students.A. might be B. can be C. could have been D. must have been4. - I have won the English Speech Co

17、ntest and can have a trip to Beijing for free.- Congratulations! You _ worked very hard preparing for the contest.A. must B. should C. must have D. should have5. The missing children havent been found yet. Something terrible _ to them.A. may happenB. might have happenedC. must happen D. should have

18、happened10 M【小试牛刀】1. Listen, Mary _ have done it. Shes been with me at the shop all day.A. wouldntB. shouldntC. needntD. couldnt2. Drivers are supposed to limit the speed in neighborhoods because children _be playing there.A. shouldB. mustC. mayD. would3. If you _ have a cigarette, choose a seat in

19、the first row of the smoking section.A. shouldB. must C. mightD. would4. My cell phone _ have been stolen while I was taking a bus. I cant find it anywhere.A. canB. mustC. shouldD. would5. He has no idea what the book is about. He _ have read it very carefully. A. needntB. shouldnt C. cantD. wouldnt

20、6. Passengers _ talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus off the road.A. would notB. must notC. may notD. need not7. - Hey, the washing-up has been done!- That _ Cynthia. Shes always helpful.A. need have beenB. could have beenC. should have beenD. must have been8. -

21、 Must I be here for the meeting by 8 a.m. tomorrow?- No, you _ . It wont start until 9 a.m.A. cantB. wouldntC. shouldntD. neednt9. - Im sorry. I _ at you the other day.- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldnt shoutB. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shoutD. mustnt have shouted课后练习10

22、M补救练习1. Cars play an important role in the modern life, but they _ also cause many problems like air pollution.A. shouldB. canC. mustD. will2. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should3. It _ sound like a perfect destination,

23、 but it is really adventurous to go there.A. shouldB. mustC. shallD. may4. - Its so late. My son _ be back! - Dont worry. I dare say he _ have some extra work to do.A. can; mustB. will; mightC. must; mayD. should; must5. Can you imagine that such a diligent and bright boy _ fail to pass the exam？A.

24、mightB. shouldC. needD. would6. You might as well tell the manager that male customers _ not like the design of the furniture.A. mustB. shallC. mayD. need7. - Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure. I _ go the concert instead.A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might8. In fact, you _ have shown me to t

25、he station. Im not a new comer.A. couldntB. shouldntC. needntD. mustnt9. Oh, Im feeling bad in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldnt eatB. mustnt have eatenC. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat10. - I heard they went skating in the mountains last winter.- It _ be true because th

26、ere was little snow there.A. may notB. wontC. couldntD. mustnt11. - Is John coming by bus?- He should, but he _ not. He likes riding his bike.A. mustB. canC. needD. may12. There is no light on; they _ be at home.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. shouldnt13. - The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? - OK.A. W

27、illB. ShallC. WouldD. Can14. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. may not15. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara.A. could have stayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stayed16. Johnny, you _ play

28、 with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont; cantB. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; mustD. cant; should17. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her.A. had to write it outB. must have written it outC. should have written it outD. ought to write it out18. A computer _ think for itself, it must b

29、e told what to do. A. cantB. couldntC. may notD. might not19. Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library.A. mustB. mayC. canD. need20. The big fire last night _ the whole building. But the heavy rain helped it. A. might be burning downB. coul

30、d have burned downC. should have been burningD. must have been burning10 M巩固练习1. It must _ (rain) last night, for the ground is so wet. 2. I think it is absolutely essential that Robinson _ continue his scientific research in spite of some great challenges. 3. According to the school rule, no child

31、_ be allowed out of the school, unless accompanied by his or her own parents. 4. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf. 5. I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 6. It was really annoying; I _ get access to the data bank you h

32、ad recommended. 10 M拔高练习 1. 你不应该告诉他真相的，现在他生气了。_2. 这件事不可能是珍妮做的，她是那样贴心的一个女孩。_3. 米兰达一个小时前就应该在这里跟我们会合了，她一向很准时的。_4. 我本来是可以赶上那趟火车的。_5. 那件衣服有可能是罗斯的，我看见他穿过。_Lesson 10 情态动词课前检测 （5mins）1. 【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的本意。根据句意可知，语境要体现的是一种客观的可能性，故选C。2. 【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的本意。根据句意Samuel是我们班里最高的男孩，可以轻松地够到书架顶层的书，可知应用情态动词can“可以，能够”表

33、示能力。must必须，should应该，need需要，均不符合句意。故选C。3. 【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词的否定含义。根据句意我爱周末，因为我不需要在周六和周日早起，可知用neednt表示不需要，mustnt表示禁止，wouldnt表示不愿意，shouldnt表示不应该，均不符合题意，故选A。4.【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词本意。根据句意你不能再多待一会儿吗？时间不早了。我现在必须得走了。我的女儿独自一人在家。May表可能，可以；can能够，可能；must必须，一定；dare敢。故选C。5. 【答案】must【解析】考查情态动词。根据句意我确定我今天早上在公园里看见Brian了。一定是

34、你在幻想了，Brian昨天晚上离开去美国了。must的推测含义为“肯定，一定”，而已知Brian离开，所以填空处表推测含义“一定是”，故填must。一、情态动词本意LV31. 常见情态动词本意(1) must a) 【答案】必须；must；neednt或dont have to.b) 【答案】禁止c) 【答案】偏要，非得要 (2) can, coulda)【答案】可以，能（表能力）b)【答案】表询问和许可 (3) may 和mighta)【答案】表询问或许可b)【答案】表有可能（可能性不大）c)【答案】表祝愿，祝福 (4) shall，shoulda) 【答案】应该b)【答案】表竟然，竟会（惊

35、讶语气）c) 【答案】表示请求许可d) 【答案】用于重复法律，规定中，表命令，威胁 (5) will, woulda) 【答案】表意愿b）【答案】表向对方提出请求或询问，would语气更委婉【精讲精练】1. 【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的本意。句意：医生说锻炼对健康很重要，但必须要定期锻炼。must表示“肯定，必须”。故选C。2. 【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词本意。句意：“根据飞行交规，你应该在登机前关掉手机”。should在此处表示根据交通法规应尽的责任和义务，故选D。3.【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词本意。句意：我能借你的字典吗?可以，当然可以。might 表示可能；should应该；

36、will用于情态动词表示将，意愿，均不符合题意。Can表示能，可以，符合题意，故选C。4. 【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词的否定含义。句意：你一定是对去悉尼的旅行很兴奋吧。是的，我等不及了。cant表示不能；mustnt表示禁止；neednt 不必；shouldnt 不应该。句意表达的是迫不及待“cant wait any longer”，故选A。5【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词的本意。句意：约翰答应医生说他再也不抽烟里，此后他就再没有抽过烟。would表示意愿，would 为 will 的过去式，句中表示的即是过去时间的意愿。might 表示可能性比较小；could表示能力，能够；shoul

37、d表示应当，应该，均不符合题意，故选D。6.【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词本意。句意为：你不能再多呆一会儿吗？天越来越黑了，我真的必须要走了，我女儿还一个人在家。must在此表示“必须，一定”。根据题意可知表示必要性，故选C。2. 情态动词的推测义(1) must 推测义【答案】表一定要，想必，可能性最大(2) can, could推测义【答案】理论上的，潜在的可能性a)【答案】couldb)【答案】cant；couldntc)【答案】could【精讲精练】1.【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词推测义。句意：Liza不喜欢去旅行，她讨厌旅行。从后句她讨厌旅行，由一个他人角度，推测Liza是否真的想

38、去旅行，应该用可能性最弱的may，may not 表示也许不。will not表示不会；can not不可；must not禁止，不允许，均不符合题意。故选D。2.【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词推测义。句意：在我的家乡，3月通常天气温暖，但是有时也可能很冷。can除了有“能”的意思之外，还可以表示推测，可能性。故选B。3. 【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词推测义。表示对现在的肯定推测，常用must be来表示；表示对现在的否定推测，常用cant be来表示。句意：你不可能饿了。你两小时前才吃午饭呢！wouldnt表示“（过去）将来不”，mustnt表示禁止，不准，neednt表示不必，不需要，均

39、不符合题意。Cant表示不可能，符合题意，故选B。4.【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词推测义。句意：现在交通拥挤，所以迈克有可能来晚。让我们再等他十分钟。can可能会；need需要；may也许；shall将要。故选C。*can表示推测时，多用于肯定句和疑问句。当用于肯定句时，指“有时可能会”，是理论上的可能，其时间意义宽泛不具体。例如：Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. may / might表示推测时，用于肯定句，表示无把握的推测，意为“可能，或许”。 (might 比may 更加不肯定，更无把握)。故选C。5. 【答案】D【解析】考察情态

40、动词推测义。句意：我不喜欢James，你为什么要邀请他？题干中的he wasnt certain说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定might not。must not表示“禁止”；need not 不必；would not不会；might not可能。故选D。6. 【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词推测义。根据句意有人正在敲门。是Emily吗？不可能是Emily，她去加拿大了。可知前文指的是不可能是她。cant 的推测义表示不可能，故选B。二、情态动词+have done LV31）【答案】表一定做过2）【答案】表本可以做而没做3）【答案】表本应该做而没做【答案】表示本没有必要做而做了4）

41、【答案】表可能做过5）【答案】表本想做而没做【精讲精练】1. 【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：从他担忧的脸色来看，他知道他一定是有麻烦了。must表示肯定的推测，题中给出的语境是过去的时间和动作，所以用must have done表示“一定是”，故选D。2. 【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：Ella不可能上星期天在纽约出现在车祸现场的监视器上，她那时候正在夏威夷和我一起旅行。题意表示对过去否定的推测，根据she was travelling with me in Hawaii then，可知当时她正在旅行。故选B。3. 【答案】D【解析】考查

42、情态动词have done。句意：当我第一次到哈佛，我蹩脚的英语给我带来很多麻烦。噢天哪，跟上其他学生的进度对你来说一定很难。语境时态看出，需要对过去事实的猜测。Might be 表是可能（语气若，不太可能）；could have done 表示本能做而未做的；can be表示可能，不对过去进行推测；must have been表示一定是。故选D。4. 【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词+have done。根据上下文判断，设空处是对过去事情的推测，所以不选A，B；should have done 表示本应做而但没做，must have done 表示过去一定做了什么。有根据的肯定推测用must

43、have done。故选C。5. 【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：失踪的孩子们还没被发现。他们可能遇到了不测。这里首先是过去的推测，不选A，C；should have done 表示应该做某事而没做，均不符合语境。might have done表示可能做过某事，确定程度较低，符合语境。故选B。【过关检测】（10mins）1. 【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词否定含义。句意：听着，玛丽不可能干了这件事，她一整天都和我在商店里。根据题干中的Shes been with me at the shop all day可知空格处表达的是“不可能”，应用couldnt表推测的不可能

44、性，故选D。2. 【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词本意。句意：司机在住宅区应该减速慢行，因为孩子们可能在那里玩耍。should应该；must必须；may可能；would将会。根据句意，故选C。3.【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词本意。句意:如果你非要抽烟的话，请到吸烟区的第一排选个座位。根据句意可知空格处表示必要性，意为“非要,非得”，应用must表达。故选C。4. 【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词的推测含义。句意: 我的手机肯定是在我乘坐公共汽车时被偷了。我哪儿也找不到它。根据句意可知,手机被偷是对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，用must表示“一定”。故选B。5. 【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词否定含

45、义。句意：他完全不知道这本书在讲什么，他不可能仔细读过这本书。根据句意可知空格处表示语气强烈的否定推测，故选C。6. 【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词的否定含义。句意：当公共汽车行驶时，乘客禁止和司机交谈，因为这会让他的注意力不在道路上。从句意可知，和司机交谈的这种行为是被禁止的，因此用must not表示严禁，语气强烈。故选B。7. 【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：嘿，餐具都已经被洗完了！那一定是Cynthia做的，她总是乐于助人。must have done意为“过去一定做了某事”；need have done意为“本来需要做而没做”；could have done

46、意为“过去可能做了某事”；should have done意为“本应该做而没做“。根据句意可知，空格处为十分有把握的肯定推测。故选D。8. 【答案】D【解析】考查情态动态否定含义。句意：我明天一定要在上午8点之前来这里开会吗?不，你不需要。会议上午9点才开始。根据句意可知，空格处表示“不需要，没必要”，应该用neednt。故选D。9. 【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：对不起,那天我不应该吼你的。没关系。我自己也有点失控。根据句意可知，设空处表示“本不应该”，故用shouldnt have done的形式，故选B。课后练习补救练习 （10mins）1. 【答案】B【解析

47、】考查情态动态本意。句意：汽车在当今时代扮演着重要角色，但他们也可能引起很多问题比如空气污染。根据句意，空格处表示”可能”，应该用can。故选B。2. 【答案】D【解析】考查情态动态本意。句意：根据航空交通规则，你应该在登机前关掉手机。根据句意可知，空格处表示“应该”，应该用should。故选D。3. 【答案】D【解析】考查情态动态本意。句意：这可能听起来是一个完美的目的地，但是去那真的很冒险。Must表必须， should表应该， can表能够， may表可能。根据句意可知，空格处表示“可能”，应该用may。故选D。4. 【答案】D【解析】考查情态动态本意。句意：这么晚了，我儿子应该回来了！

48、不要担心，我敢说他一定会有很多额外的工作去做。根据句意可知，第一个空格处表示“应该“，第二个表示”一定是。故选D。5. 【答案】B【解析】考查情态动态本意。句意：你能够想象如此勤奋聪明的男孩考试竟然失败了吗？根据句意可知，第一个空格处表示“应该“，第二个表示”一定是。故选B。6. 【答案】C【解析】考查情态动态本意。句意：你不妨告诉制造商，男性顾客可能不喜欢家具的图案设计。前文的might as well表示“最好”，由此推断后文语气不是很肯定，所以用may。故选C。7.【答案】D【解析】考查情态动态本意。句意：你会去杰夫的聚会吗?”“我现在不能决定。我可能会去音乐会。might表可能。故选D

49、。8. 【答案】C【解析】考查情态动态否定含义。句意：事实上，我不需要你带我去车站，我不是新来的。所以用neednt。故选C。9. 【答案】C【解析】考查情态动态+have done。根据句意可知是对过去情况进行说明，所以使用情态动词+have done，排除A, B, C.。Should have done本应该做某事实际上却未做。译为：我肚子痛。今天早晨我本不应该吃那么多的蘑菇的。故选C。10. 【答案】C【解析】考查情态动态否定含义。译为：我听说她们去年冬天在山上滑雪。那不可能是真的，因为那儿的雪很少。故选C11. 【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词本意，译为：他应该是，但也有可能不，他喜欢

50、骑自行车。故选C。12. 【答案】A【解析】考查情态动态否定含义。译为：这没有灯,因此他们不可能在家，推测用法。故选A。13. 【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词本意。shall表示提出建议，用于第一人称，句意是：房间太脏了，我们打扫一下好吗？故选B。14. 【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词否定含义。译为：你无需现在就还书。故选C。15. 【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词have done。could have done意为“本来能够做（而事实上没做成）”，句意为：“噢？你呆在宾馆了！你本来可以和芭芭拉住在一起的”。故选A。16. 【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词mustnt禁止的意思,现在说的是玩刀,

51、程度可以用这个词了。后一个may是推断,说“你可能会伤到自己的”。故选B。17.【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词，译为：我告诉过Sally 怎么去这里,但是也许我本应该给她写出来。should have done虚拟语气的用法。故选C。18. 【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词，译为：计算机本身不能思考它必须被告知做什么。can表能力。故选A。19. 【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词，译为：在那个国家,12岁以下的孩子在公共图书馆,必须有成年人监护。故选A。20. 【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词have been译为：昨天晚上大火本能够把整栋大楼都烧了,但是大雨帮助了大楼。could have don

52、e 表示对过去事情的推测。故选B。巩固练习 （10mins）1. 【答案】have rained【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为地上很湿。表对过去的肯定推测，故填have rained。2. 【答案】should【解析】考查情态动词本意。句意：我认为Robinson应该继续他的科学研究，这对他来说很重要。根据句意，故填should。3. 【答案】shall【解析】考查情态动词本意。句意：根据学校的规则，孩子不被允许出校园，除非有家长陪同。Shall用于第二或第三人称表命令，禁止，用于复述法规，规定。根据句意，故填shall。4. 【答案】can【解析】

53、考查情态动词本意。句意：Samuel是我们班最高的男孩，他可以轻易的够到最顶层的书架，表示能力，故填can。5. 【答案】neednt【解析】考查情态动词否定。句意：我爱周末，因为我不需要早起，表示必要性的否定，故填neednt。6.【答案】couldnt【解析】考查情态动词否定。句意：这真是太烦了，我不能进入你推荐给我的那个数据库。空处含义应为“不能”，故填couldnt。拔高练习 （10mins）1. 【答案】You shouldnt have told him the truth, now he s upset.【解析】根据句意可知情态动词应表示本不应该，用shouldnt have d

54、one。2. 【答案】It cant be Jenny who did this, she is such a thoughtful girl.【解析】表不可能的否定推测应该用cant。3. 【答案】Miranda should have been here to meet with us an hour ago, she is always very punctual.【解析】“一个小时前就应该”表示“本应该”的含义，用 should have done。4. 【答案】I could have caught that train.【解析】表示本可以含义，用could have done.5. 【答案】That cloth might be Rosss, I have seen him wear it.【解析】表肯定推测，可能性不是很大的用might。