重庆市綦江实验中学校人教版高中英语选修6课件：UNIT5 语法-动词ING讲解 .ppt

1、Part 3Grammar动词-ing形式语法精讲动词-ing可在句中作表语、定语、状语与补足语,本单元只讲动词-ing作状语。动词-ing作状语时,表示的动作或状态与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎是同时发生的,或是先于谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。动词-ing作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果等,多用逗号同句子其他成分隔开。1.动词-ing的基本形式动词形式意义以do为例一般式主动式doing与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与谓语动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生。被动式being done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且与谓语动作同时发生

2、,或基本上同时发生。完成式主动式havingdone与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,先于谓语动作发生。被动式havingbeen done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动作发生。2.动词-ing作状语的基本用法(1)作时间状语Walking in the park,she saw her old classmate.=When she was walking in the park,she saw her old classmate.在公园散步时,她看见了她的老同学。Having finished the work,he went out to meet his friends.=

3、After he finished the work,he went out to meet his friends.完成工作后,他出去会朋友了。温馨提示:如果强调两个动作同时发生,分词前可加when或while。Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时一定要小心。Dont mention this while talking to him.与他交谈时不要提这件事。(2)作原因状语Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem,he asked the teacher for help.

4、=Because he didnt know how to work out the difficult physics problem,he asked the teacher for help.因为不知道如何解这道物理难题,他向老师求助。Having lived with the girl for 5 years,we all know her very well.=Since we have lived with the girl for 5 years,we all know her very well.与那个女孩一起生活了五年,我们都非常了解她。(3)作方式或伴随状语The chil

5、dren ran out of the room,laughing and talking merrily.=The children laughed and talked merrily,and(they)ran out of the room.那些孩子们跑出房间,愉快地笑着、说着。(4)作条件状语Working hard,youll surely succeed.=If you work hard,youll surely succeed.如果你努力工作,你就会成功。(5)作让步状语Weighing almost one hundred jin,the stone was moved by

6、 him alone.=Although the stone weighed almost one hundred jin,it was moved by him alone.虽然那块石头重将近一百斤,但他一个人就把它挪动了。(6)作结果状语(必然结果)Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.=Their car was caught in a traffic jam and thus it caused the delay.他们的车遇上交通阻塞,因而耽误了。温馨提示:动词-ing作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子的主语

7、,当动词-ing的主语不是句子的主语时,动词-ing需要带自己的主语(用名词或代词主格),从而构成独立主格结构,相当于状语从句。The meeting being over(=When the meeting was over),we all left the room and drove home.会议结束了,我们离开房间驾车回家。Weather permitting,we shall go out for a picnic next Sunday.如果天气允许,我们下周日将出去野餐。动词-ing的否定结构是在其前加not,注意不要受谓语动词否定形式的影响。Not having met th

8、e manager,the man decided to wait for another hour.由于没见到主管,这个人决定再等一个小时。真题体验1.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,(allow)more patients to be treated.(2017天津,14改编)2.People probably cooked their food in large pots,(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.(2016全国,64改编)答案及剖析:1.allowing 考查非谓语动词。句意:

9、这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备,这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。本空应用非谓语动词;动词allow与其逻辑主语 (前面的整个句子)是逻辑上的主动关系,因此用现在分词作结果状语。2.using 考查非谓语动词。动词-ing形式在此处作伴随状语,因为use与其逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,并且伴随谓语动词cooked发生。3.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,(turn)the old town into a dreamland.(2016北京,32改编)4.The cooling wind swept through our bedroo

10、m windows,(make)air conditioning unnecessary.(2016天津,4改编)答案及剖析:3.turning 考查非谓语动词。句意:新建的木制小屋沿着大街排成一排,把旧城镇变成了梦境。设空处作状语,与其逻辑主语是主动关系,故答案为turning。4.making 句意:凉风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来,使得空调没必要了。根据句意可知,此处应用动词-ing短语作结果状语,表示必然的结果。5.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home(feel)accomplished.(2016全国,语法填空改编)答案及剖析:5.feeling 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知空格处需用非谓语动词作谓语动词go的伴随状语,因为feel与其逻辑主语you是主动关系,因此用动词-ing形式。